infographic guide to cycling

128

NOTEWhile every effort has been made to ensure that the content of this book is as technically accurate and as sound as possible, neither the author nor the publishers can accept responsibility for any injury or loss sustained as a result of the use of this material.

Published by Bloomsbury Publishing Plc

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Bloomsbury is a trademark of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc

First edition 2014

Copyright © 2014 Road Cycling UK

ISBN (print): 978-1-4729-1054-7ISBN (ePdf): 978-1-4729-1650-1ISBN (EPUB): 978-1-4729-1150-6

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means – graphic, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping or information storage and retrieval systems – without the prior permission in writing of the publishers.

Road Cycling UK has asserted its rights under the Copyright, Design and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the author of this work.

A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Acknowledgements

Cover art © Ryan Burisch

Design and illustrationsMatt Ward, Tim Whitlock, Ryan Burisch, Ryan Van Kesteren, Micol Montesanti, Thomas Buchinger, Hattie Scott, Dan Evans, Juste Halavin.

Editor for RoadCyclingUK: Timothy John

Commissioned by Kirsty Schaper

This book is produced using paper that is made from wood grown in managed, sustainable forests. It is natural, renewable and recyclable. The logging and manufacturing processes conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin.

Printed and bound in China by Toppan Leefung Printing

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

RCUK-01-02-03-128-prelims.indd 4 29/07/2014 15:30

3

contentsBIKE TECH

04-27

GRAND TOURS28-41

THE CLASSICS42-51

KINGS OF THE ROAD 52-61

TACTICS62-71

TRACK CYCLING72-83

ROAD RACING 84-93

DOPING 94-99

SPORTIVES100-109

CLASSIC CLIMBS110-117

FIT CLUB 118-127

CREDITS 128

RCUK-01-02-03-128-prelims.indd 3 28/07/2014 15:16

RIM MATERIALS

RIM DEPTHS

STEEL ALUMINIUM

CARBON FIBR

E

W

OOD

700c

TYPI

CAL D

IAME

TER

TORO

IDAL

RIMS

SOPHISTICATED CARBON WHEELS HAVE A TOROIDAL PROFILE

MORE STABLEIN CROSSWINDS

32MM

FULL DISC

BICYCLE WHEELSBIKE TECH

4

RCUK-BIKETECH-004-025.indd 4 28/07/2014 16:46

SPOKESWH

EEL

LACIN

G

RIM DEPTHS

TIMETRIALISTS

SPRINTERS82MM ZIPP 808

E.G. MARK CAVENDISH

TEND TO USE FULL REAR DISC WHEEL

CHAMPS ELYSEES

FULL DISCFU

LL CA

RB

ON FIBRE

CARBON /ALUMINUM

BRAKING TRACK IS ALUMINIUM

BRAKING TRACK IS CARBON

RIM SPOKES

SPOKE QUANTITY PATTERN

E.G. E.G.

HUBNIPPLES

5


CASSETTE

GUIDES THE CHAIN UP AND DOWN THE CASSETTE

REAR DERAILLEUR

WHICH PULLS A STEEL CABLE IN DEFINED INCREMENTS ‘INDEXED SHIFTING’

RATCHETMECHANISM

M E C H A N I C A L S H I F T E R S C O N T A I N A

TULIOCAMPAGNOLO

INVE

NTED BY

MOVEMENTCONTROL BY

MICROCHIP/ELECTRIC

MOTOR

CABLE TENSION FROM LEVER

ELEC

TRON

IC MECHANICAL

CONTROLLED BY

JOCKEY WHEEL

JOCKEY WHEEL

MOUNTE

D ON THE HANDLEBARS

TYPICALLY CONTAINED IN THE SAME UNIT AS THE BRAKE LEVER

SHIFTERS

DRIVETRAINCOMPONENTS

BIKE TECH

10


THE STEEL CAGE GUIDES THE CHAIN ACROSS BOTH CHAINRINGS IN BOTH DIRECTIONS

MOVEMENTCONTROL BY

ARE DESIGNED TO ELIMINATE ‘DEAD SPOT’ IN PEDAL STROKE

CRANK ARMS CONSTRUCTED FROM ALUMINIUM OR CARBON FIBRE

TYPICAL LENGTH OF CRANK ARMS

THE CHAIN TRANSMITS THE FORCE FROM THE CRANK TO THE REAR CASSETTE AND IS MADE UP OF ‘LINKS’ COMPRISED OF:

CHAIN

CRANKSETTYPICALLY TWO CHAINRINGS ON A RACING BIKE

PINS

ROLLERS

SIDE PLATES

MICROCHIP/ELECTRIC

MOTOR

CABLE TENSION FROM LEVER

ELEC

TRON

IC MECHANICAL

FRONT DERAILLEUR

CONTROLLED BY

11


ROTOR

CALIPER

HEAT TRANSFERS FROM ROTORTO CALIPER

TOO MUCH HEATAND FLUID WILLBOIL CAUSING ‘BRAKE FADE’

THREE-PLY STEEL-ALUMINIUM-STEEL ‘SANDWICH’ CONSTRUCTION TO COMBAT HEAT BUILD-UP

140MM

160MM

AVAILABLE ROTOR

SIZES

ROTORSANDWICH

RECOMMENDEDOPERATING RANGE

HYDRAULIC DISC BRAKES FOR ROAD BIKESSHIMANO BR-R785 DISC BRAKE

BIKE TECH


LEVER

SAFER FOR WHEEL RIMS

BRAKES TESTED ON DESCENTS OF MOUNTAINS IN THE DOLOMITES

REMOVES WHEEL RIM FROM BRAKING MECHANISM, WHICH PREVENTS CARBON RIMS FROM OVERHEATING

WERE STRAPPED TO RIDERS TO TEST THE BRAKING COMPONENTS

ENVIRONMENTFRIENDLY MINERAL

FLUID - MORE STABLE

GLYCOL ‘DOT’RATED FLUIDS.

OPERATES AT HIGHER TEMPERATURES

RECOMMENDEDOPERATING RANGE

HYDRAULICRESERVOIRINSIDE LEVER HOUSING

HYDRAULICFLUIDTWO TYPES

WEIGHTED DIVING BELTS

19


‘BOLIDE’GREEK FOR

MISSILEBRADLEY WIGGINS’ PINARELLO BOLIDE

£2000

£3000 GROUPSET

IT WAS RACED TO VICTORY AT THE TOUR DE FRANCE

BY CHRIS FROOME

ASSYMETRIC CHAINSTAYS

TO BALANCE PEDALLING FORCES

CONCAVESEAT TUBE BACK

ENABLES CLOSER POSITIONING OF REAR WHEEL FOR IMPROVED

AERODYNAMICS

WHEELRIM

TYRE SEAT TUBE

£9300 FRAMESET &

STEERING

£150 SADDLEINSIDE A £16,000

PRO BIKE

BIKE TECH

22


BATTERIES & CABLES HIDDEN INSIDE FRAME

ELECTRONICGEARSINTEGRATED INTO HANDLEBARTO REDUCE TUBULENCE

AEROFOIL TUBESREDUCES WIND RESISTANCE INHEADWINDS & CROSSWINDS

LESS DRAG LIGHTER

WIGGINS RODE THE PINARELLO GRAAL TO VICTORY IN THE STAGE NINE AND STAGE 19 TIME TRIALS AT THE 2012 TOUR DE FRANCE

£1200

23


SINGLECHAINWHEEL

FRAME CONSTRUCTION

STEEL ALUMINIUM CARBON MONOCOQUE

SPROCKET IS FIXEDREAR WHEEL TURNS CRANK

DROPOUTSECTION OF FRAME THAT HOLDS THE REAR WHEEL AXLE

RIDERCANNOT FREEWHEEL

FIXED GEARONE SPROCKET

‘SLIDING’ DROPOUT: POSITION OF REAR WHEEL AFFECTS CHAIN TENSION

ANATOMY OF A TRACK BIKE

BIKE TECH

24


SINGLECHAINWHEEL

BIKE CAN BE SLOWED BY PUSHING AGAINSTTHE CRANKS

RIDERCANNOT FREEWHEEL

NO BRAKES

TYPICALLY FULL DISC WHEELS CONSTRUCTED FROM CARBON FIBRE

WHEELS

AERODYNAMIC ADVANTAGE

CONSTRUCTED FROM VERY SOFT RUBBER

SLICK TYRES

USED IN SPRINT EVENTS

PU

MPED

TO HIGH PRESSURES

USED IN ENDURANCE EVENTSAERO BARSSTEERING DROP BARS

25


‘LE MAILLOT JAUNE’The greatest prize inprofessional cycling

29

RCUK-GRANDTOURS-Jerseys-28-29.indd 29 28/07/2014 16:42

32

Grego

ry L

eMond

AGE 28 . FROM AMERIC

A . 3

RD TO

UR D

E FR

ANCE

. 1ST

AMERICAN TO WIN. AGE 31 . FROM FRANCE . 7TH TOUR DE FRANCE .WON TDF - 1978,79,81,82,85.

Four team riders in the top ten

4093km (2544miles)

the 73rd

JULY 4TH JULY 27TH

televised in 72 Countries,

viewed by 1 billion

GRAND TOURS – 1986 TOUR DE FRANCE

running of the tour de franCe

people

1986 ‘He's attacked me from the beginning... He's

never helped me once, and I don't feel confident

at all with him.’ - leMond

t e a m La Vie CLair

vs19851ST

tour de FranCe

Bernard H

inault

23 STAGES

+ a prologue time trial. Only one day

of rest.

24 STAGE WINNERS

BERNARD HINAULT X2GUIDO BONTEMPI X2

...Hinault won fifth Tour with the help of team mate LeMond. Pledged to return the assistance at the 1986 Tour. However...

RCUK-TDF-1986-32-33.indd 32 28/07/2014 15:45

THE CLASSICS GIRO DI LOMBARDIA

THE RACE OF THE FALLING LEAVES

HEIGHT 304m

15.8% 27%

G R A D I E N T

MAXIMUM AVERAGE

LENGTH 1.9km

1946

•1947•1948•1949•1954•1967

•

MOST VICTORIES

FAUSTO COPPI

1

SALITA DI ELLO (VILLA VERGANO)

HEIGHT 532m

4.1% 14%

G R A D I E N T

MAXIMUM AVERAGE

LENGTH 8.5km

KEY CLIMBSMADONNA

DEL GHISALLO

HEIGHT 243m

7.4% 15%

G R A D I E N T

MAXIMUM AVERAGE

LENGTH 3.3km

KEY CLIMBS

ELEVATION

0km 242km

KEY CLIMBS

FIRST EDITION

1905

321

2 3

1

MUR

O DI

SORM

ANO AKA ‘THE WALL OF SORMANO’

42

RCUK-Classics-giro-42-43.indd 42 28/07/2014 15:26

DISTANCE 242KM

0km 299km

2012•2013

TWO TIMECHAMPION

JOAQUIMRODRIGUEZ

43

LECCO

BERGAMO

RCUK-Classics-giro-42-43.indd 43 28/07/2014 15:26

THE CLASSICS

MILANSAN REMOLA PRIMAVERA ‘THE CLASSIC OF SPRING’

TOTAL DISTANCE299km

105est

1907

EDITIONS

FINISH SanRemo

STARTMilano

03

02

01

CB

A

THE LONGEST CLASSIC46

RCUK-Classics San Remo-46-47.indd 46 28/07/2014 15:22

M I L A N O

S A N R E M O

Victories

CAPO MELE CAPO CERVO CAPO BERTA

Reached after

242kmThree climbs coming

within 14km

Key Climbs

I TRE CAPI ‘THE THREE

PEAKS’

Passo del TurchinoThe Turchino Pass

1

abc

HEIGHT 160m

3.7% 8%

G R A D I E N T

MAXIMUM AVERAGE

POGGIO DI SAN REMO

‘THE POGGIO’

3

LENGTH 3.7km

CIPRESSA

2

4.1% 9%

G R A D I E N T

MAXIMUM AVERAGE

HEIGHT 239m

LENGTH 5.6km

ELEVATION

First LUCIEN PETIT-BRETON

1964

BritishTOM SIMPSON

1964 MARK CAVENDISH

2009

Most EDDY MERCKX 1966 1967 1969 19711972 1975

1976

Recent ALEXANDER

KRISTOFF 2014

45.806 k m p / hThe record speed

set by Gianni Bugno in

1990

Italyhold

50victories

0km 299km

1 abc 2 3

47

RCUK-Classics San Remo-46-47.indd 47 28/07/2014 15:22

70

TACTICS – RIDING STYLES

ST

AN

DI

NG

C

LI

MB

S

P

R

IN

T

SE

AT

ED

CL

IM

B

WHEN

WHEN

WH0

WHEN

WH0

HOW

HOW

HOW

WH0

OUT OF SADDLE, HANDS ON ‘DROPS’, W

EIGHT OVER FRONT OF BIKE, PULLING AS W

ELL AS PUSHING ON PEDALS

FINSH LINE, INTERMEDIATE SPRINTS, ESCAPING PELOTON

MARK CAVENDISH

ALBERTO CONTADOR

SIR BRADLEY WIGGINS

STEEP CLIMBS

LONG CLIMBS

‘DANCING’ ON PEDALS, HANDS ON LEVER HOODS

POSITIONED MID TO FRONT OF SADDLE, HANDS ON TOPS OF BARS

RCUK-RIDING STYLES-70-71.indd 70 28/07/2014 15:39

71

SE

AT

ED

CL

IM

B

DE

SC

EN

DI

NG

EX

TR

EM

E

DE

SC

EN

DI

NG

WHEN

WHEN

H0W

H0W

WH0

WH0

STEEP DOWNHILL SECTIONS OF ROAD WHEN PEDALING NO LONGER EFFECTIVE

FAST DESENTS LONG ENOUGH TO ASSUME THE POSITION

HANDS ON ‘TOPS’ OF HANDLEBAR, ELBOWS BENT, CHEST ON HANDLEBAR STEM, POSTERIOR ON TOP TUBE

HANDS ON DROPS, ELBOWS BENT, CHIN LOWERED TOWARDS HANDLEBAR STEM, POSTERIOR RAISED

VINCENZO NIBALI

PETER SAGAN

RCUK-RIDING STYLES-70-71.indd 71 28/07/2014 15:39

JOOPZOETEMELK

HENNIEKUIPER

PETERWINNEN

GERT-JANTHEUNISSE

STEVENROOKS

8 WINS – 5 WINNERS

7

HAIRPIN 7

DUTCH CORNER

1,000s

x10,000

~450,000 SPECTATORS IN 2013

REMARKABLE VICTORIES

1999

20131986

1984GIUSEPPE GUERINI KNOCKED OFF BY FAN DURING CLIMB – RECOVERS TO TAKE WIN

CHRISTOPHE RIBLON WINS AFTER CLIMBING ALPE D’HUEZ TWICE IN SAME STAGE – A TOUR DE FRANCE FIRST

BERNARD HINAULT WINS ARM-IN-ARM WITH GREG LEMOND – A PUBLIC TRUCE AFTER FALLING OUT EARLIER IN THE RACE

AMATEUR RIDER LUIS HERRERA BEATS THE PROFESSIONAL PELOTON WITH SOLO CLIMB

111

D U T C H M O U N T A I N

RCUK-CLASSIC_CLIMBS-110-117.indd 111 28/07/2014 16:26

126

VAMFIT CLUB – NUMBER CRUNCHERS

VAM AKA VELOCITÀ ASCENSIONALE MEDIAVELOCITY, ASCENT, MEAN

01: Marco Pantani attacks and wins the stage. 02: Lance Armstrong holds back and finishes 4th but retains overall lead.

PANTINI VS ARMS TRONG

Average climbing speed - Speed of elevation gain

START

FINISH

HEIGHTIN METRES

VAM = (metres ascended x 60) / Minutes taken to ascend

21

Johan Bruyneel, Armstrong’s Team manager, calls Dr Ferrari from the car for an estimate of Pantani’s VAM and an assessment of whether he can stay away.

12

*Phrase coined by Dr Michele Ferrari, Lance Armstrong’s trainer

VOT IZ LE

VAM?

TDF 2000

2000TOUR DE FRANCE

Mountain Stage 15, Briancon to Courchevel

RCUK-infograph-number crunchers-122-127.indd 126 28/07/2014 15:38

POWER OUTPUT P/KG

1650-1800Top 10 GC

or mountain stage winner

1450-1650 Top 20 GC

top 20 finisher on tough mountain stage

1300-1450 Finishing tough mountain

stages in peloton

1800+ Lance Armstrong

VAM RATING VM/H

POW

ERGRADIENT

BODY MASS

Estimated that one per cent average increase in gradient resulted in VAM

decrease of 50

VAM is frequently used to estimate rider’s power output per kilo of body mass (see watts per kg)

127

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