influences on adoption of mobile financial services among cbae students
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ThesisTRANSCRIPT
INFLUENCES ON ADOPTION OF MOBILE FINANCIAL SERVICES AMONG CBAE STUDENTS
In Partial Fulfillment for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in BusinessAdministration Major in Financial Management
CODE # 3215 (BUS 6)
Submitted By:Balisalisa, Rodel F.Malaque, Reggie B.Mellijor, Jestone S.
December 2014
ACCEPTANCE SHEET
This research entitled “INFUENCES ON ADOPTION OF MOBILE
FINANCIAL SERVICES AMONG CBAE STUDENTS”, conducted by Rodel
Balisalisa, Reggie Malaque, and Jestone Mellijor in completion of the
requirements for Business 6, hereby accepted and approved.
ROSALIA T. GABRONINO, MBA Research Coordinator
VICENTE SALVADOR E. MOTAṄO, DBA Dean, College of Business Administration Education
APPROVAL AND ENDORSEMENT SHEET
The Business Research entitled “INFUENCES ON ADOPTION OF MOBILE
FINANCIAL SERVICES AMONG CBAE STUDENTS” prepared and submitted
by Rodel F. Balisalisa, Reggie B. Malaque and Jestone S. Mellijor in compliance
with the requirements in Business 6.
VICENTE SALVADOR E. MONTAÑO
Research Adviser
PANEL OF EXAMINERS
APPROVED by Committee on Oral Examination with grade_____.
PROF. ROSALIA GABRONINO, MBA
Chairman
ANABELLE A. LOPEZ VICENTE SALVADOR E. MONTAÑO,
DBA
Member Member
ABSTRACT
As time passes, technological development in some areas is observed, from the
use of Automated Teller Machine (ATM) to the fastest and newest way with the
use of mobile phone. This study aims to determine the influences on adoption of
mobile financial services among College of Business Administration Education
students. Consequently, this study employs the Diffusion of Innovation Theory to
investigate what impacts students to adopt mobile financial services. Through
sampling 100 respondents, this study concluded that there was no significant
difference on the level of financial attributes in adoption of mobile financial
services when respondents were grouped according to age and status. Relative
advantage and trialability showed that there were significant difference when
analyzed according to gender. The research findings show that all the five
factors; relative advantage, complexity, compatibility and observability affect
CBAE student’ adoption of mobile financial services. Compatibility found to be
the most favored factor that influences the adoption of mobile financial services,
and trialability to be the least.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researchers are very thankful and bless for accomplishing this
challenging thesis through God’s will. The researchers would like to thank God
for giving them courage, wisdom and strength to make this study possible.
As part of accomplishing this study they would like to acknowledge the
assistance of their most dear adviser Dr. Vicente E. Montano for helping them to
conceptualize their title at the same time ideas regarding this research. Despite
of his busy schedules, he still finds time to accommodate them, and shares his
ideas for them to come up with a good quality study.
The researchers would like to thank Prof. Anabelle Lopez for always
reminding them to their duties as a researcher, for pushing them to finish their
study as soon as possible.
The researchers would like to thank their parents, brothers, sisters and
friends, for their love, prayers and financial support.
To God be all the Glory!
The Researchers
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE i
ACCEPTANCE SHEET ii
APPROVAL AND ENDORSEMENT iii
ABSTRACT iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT v
TABLE OF CONTENTS vi
LIST OF TABLES ix
LIST OF FIGURES x
Chapter Page
1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
Background of the Study 1
Statement of the Problem 2
Hypothesis of the Study 3
Review of Related Literature 3
Theoretical/Conceptual Framework 13
Significance of the Study 16
Definition of the Study 16
2 METHOD
Research Design 17
Research Respondents 17
Research Instrument 17
Data Gathering Procedure 18
Statistical Treatment 19
3 PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF FINDINGS
Profile of Respondents 20
Profile of Respondents 22
Financial attribute in adoption of mobile financialservices in terms of relative advantage, complexity,compatibility, trialability and observability 23
Level of financial attribute in adoption of mobile financialservices in terms of relative advantage, complexity,compatibility, trialability and observability 26
Significance difference in the level of financial attribute in adoption of mobile financial services when analyzedaccording to respondents gender 28
Significance difference in the level of financial attribute in adoption of mobile financial services when analyzedaccording to respondents gender 29
Significance difference in the level of financial attribute in adoption of mobile financial services when analyzedaccording to respondents age 30
Significance difference in the level of financial attribute in adoption of mobile financial services when analyzedaccording to respondents age 31
Significance difference in the level of financial attribute in adoption of mobile financial services when analyzedaccording to respondents status 32
Significance difference in the level of financial attribute in adoption of mobile financial services when analyzedaccording to respondents status 33
Significance difference in the level of financial attribute in adoption of mobile financial services when analyzed
according to respondents frequency of usage 34
Significance difference in the level of financial attribute in adoption of mobile financial services when analyzedaccording to respondents frequency of usage 35
4 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary of Findings 36
Conclusions 38
Recommendations 39
REFERENCES 40
APPENDICES
A Letter of Permission to Conduct Study 44B Survey Questionnaire 45C Summary of Evaluator’s Rating 49D Letter to the Statistician 56E Certificate from the Statistician 57F Letter to the Grammarian 58G Certificate from the Grammarian 59H Turnitin Result 60K Curriculum Vitae 61
List of Tables
Table Page
1 Scale of Instrument 18
2 Profile of Respondents 22
3 Level of financial attributes in adoption of mobilefinancial services in terms of relative advantage,complexity, compatability, trialability and observability 26
4 Significance difference in the level of financial attributein adoption of mobile financial services when analyzed according to respondents gender 29
5 Significance difference in the level of financial attributein adoption of mobile financial services when analyzed according to respondents age 31
6 Significance difference in the level of financial attributein adoption of mobile financial services when analyzed according to respondents status 33
7 Significance difference in the level of financial attributein adoption of mobile financial services when analyzed according to respondents frequency of usage 35
List of Figure
Figure Page
1 Conceptual Framework 15
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
The advent of technology had brought advancement in some areas of the
society. Financial activity had been subject to such innovation, from the creation
of Automated Teller Machine (ATM) to internet banking and now to the fastest
and newest Mobile Financial Services (MFS) with the use of mobile phone to
access financial transactions. Developments in internet connectivity have
renewed the interest in internet banking among specific groups of individual. In
line with this, development in mobile and smart phones has become conducive to
many individuals in internet banking since they access anytime and anywhere
(Lee and Chung, 2009).
In the Philippines, mobile financial services started in the year 2000 when
mobile banking was introduced. More than 60 percent of the population have
mobile phones with nearly a billion SMS or text messages sent per day which
considered the country as texting capital of the world. The way Filipinos adopted
mobile enables the potential success of mobile services (GSMA, 2013).
Shi (2011) stated that mobile service seems to be a new lifestyle to public
and media. It means new possibility to do business to service provider. Financial
institutions such as banks, pawnshops and even telecom companies already
offer and utilize mobile phone to maximize their service. To name a few leading
banks that are into this mobile innovation are Banco De Oro (BDO), Bank of
Philippine Islands (BPI), Eastwest Bank and many more. The Bank of Philippine
Islands (BPI) launched the country's first mobile banking facility designed for the
banking needs of its clients who are always on the go in Davao City. For a start,
the bank partnered with 11 companies based in the city, which will be provided
with the latest technology in mobile banking, through the BPI ExpressLink Mobile
(Bagaforo, 2012).
Mobile Financial Services (MFS) basically an innovation that allow
customers to do financial transaction in their own convenience such as mobile
banking (m-banking). This research will explore the importance, influences and
the level of willingness to adopt mobile financial services among College of
Business Administration Education students of University of Mindanao.
Statement of the Problem
The purpose of this study was to determine the important factors that
influence the adoption of mobile financial service among CBAE students.
Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:
1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:
1.1 Age;
1.2 Gender;
1.3 Status; and
1.4 Frequency of usage?
2. What is the level of financial attributes in adoption of mobile financial
services in terms of:
2.1 Relative Advantage;
2.2 Complexity;
2.3 Compatibility;
2.4 Trialability; and
2.5 Observability?
3. Is there a significant difference on the influences in adoption of mobile
financial services when analysed according to profile?
Hypothesis
There is no significant difference on the influences in adoption of mobile
financial services when grouped according to profile.
Review of Related Literature
Presented in this chapter is related literature and studies taken from the
newspaper, books, journals and internet materials.
Mobile users attracted to adopt mobile financial services because it can
easily manage and control your finances. Most of its users are the young
generations since they are much aware of the availability of mobile technology
and most likely to use them (Srinivas, Friedman, & Eckenrode, 2014).
Mobile devices have increasingly become tools that consumers use for
banking, payments, budgeting and shopping. According to Gross, Hogarth and
Schmiesser (2012), the use of mobile financial services among consumers has
continued to increase and the range of services offered has continued to expand.
Mobile banking (m-banking) is an extension of internet banking which
provides time independence, convenience, prompt response to consumers and
cost saving. This kind of activity gives opportunity for banks to increase their
consumer market through mobile services. It would serve m-banking service
providers well to understand the influence to use or adopt m-banking innovations
to young adults who are likely to be future adopters and users of m-banking –
worthwhile service to generate revenue from m-banking (Munongo & Chitungo,
2013).
According to the study of Yu (2013) despite of the numerous perceived
benefits of m-banking for customers, it is not increased at a rate as initially
anticipated because of the lack of trust in m-banking services. Moreover,
according to Jeong & Yoon (2013), there are 200 million users of m-banking
services compared to 5 billion mobile users globally. Even in developed countries
like Sweden, USA and UK, the ratio of m-banking users and mobile phone users
are low.
Technological development had been a part of improving the process of
financial system. As cited by Shi (2011) that the mobile industry is revolving and
moving forward due to hardware development in mobile device and
telecommunication infrastructure, and evolution of smart phones with the use of
3G network which makes the service smoother to the user. In addition, mobile
service seems to be new way of life for the public and media and a new way to
do business for the service provider.
Mobile financial services can be interpreted as collectively set of
applications that facilitate people to control their bank account, store value in an
account which linked to their handsets, transfer funds, or even access credit or
insurance products (Donner & Tellez, 2008). According to Gross et al. (2012),
using of mobile financial services among consumers has continued to increase
and the range of services offered has continued to expand.
The idea of mobile service or mobile commerce (m-commerce) that the
mobile data service been familiar to the public around the world (Shi, 2011).
According to Sharma (2009), that mobile commerce is the subset of electronic
commerce (e-commerce) that includes all e-commerce transactions conceded
using a mobile (hand held) device. Mobile commerce has engrossed the public
because of its unique characteristic. However, according to Kumar (2009) cited
that despite of the massive popularity of mobile commerce is in the preliminary
stage and can be further boost in all the fields that can affect the human life.
Reported by Juniper Research 2013, mobile banking and payments are
increasingly popular with consumers, anticipated that there will be over 1 billion
global mobile phone users in the end of 2017 using mobile devices for banking
purposes comparing it on 2013 to just over 590 million. Product development and
innovation provides consumers with greater advantage in their everyday banking
experience using this new and advance way. However, with greater technology
and innovation associates bigger risk. Also in another study of TNS (2013)
consumers don’t just use their phone for phone calls and text messages instead
technology now contained in a smart phone is greater than most computers had
only a few years ago. Retail banking sector has already adopted this technology
delivering new ways for their customers. Early in 2013 showed that one in five
adults in the UK have already made a payment using their phone, check
balances, and more than half would pay with phone if it was an option in the local
supermarket (United States Federal Reserve, 2013).
Relative Advantage
According to Laukkanen and Kiviniemi (2010) that relative advantage
refers to whether the modernism is apparently better compared to its former
which it evolves. Also, Puschel et. al (2010) describe relative advantage as a
better choice to existing product or services on the perceived level of innovation.
Liu and Li (2010) emphasized relative advantage as a sound predictor of the
intention to adopt and use such innovation and it is also known as “perceived
usefulness”. Aldas-Manzano et. al (2012) state that perceived usefulness refers
to the using of mobile phone for performing mobile financial transactions that has
the advantages of mobile offers.
The study of Deans and Gray (2010) showed that the relative advantage
is the most strongest among other factors to influence the consumers intention to
adopt mobile marketing related services.
Personal innovativeness, relative advantage, perceived ease of use and
perceived usefulness are factors found to be important that positively affect the
intention of adopting mobile banking services. Social norm on the other hand
found to be not significant. (Ching et. al, 2011)
As cited by Yung-Cheng et. al (2010) in his study that convenience,
perceived ease of use, transaction costs, perceived usefulness and time saving
are vital factors which the study emphasizes the primary reasons that lead to the
intention of adoption. Their study is highlighting costs and benefits as the drivers
that can affect the intention of using mobile banking services. Convenience and
cost security classified as the simplest benefit. According to Beiginia et. al (2011)
that perceived behavioural control and attitude towards mobile banking are the
determinants of the intention to adopt and this attitude is highly dependent on
complexity and relative advantage. Chung and Kwon (2009) sited that perceived
usefulness and lack of information found to be helping the adoption are the
common reason among other countries in the world. Furthermore, there are also
two factors that are considered as vital source of intention to use mobile banking.
In the study Yang (2010), found that speed of transaction and special
reduction transaction fees made the students to adopt mobile banking. The
survey was conducted in the largest university in South Taiwan with 178 students
as respondents. This is supported by the study of Cruz et. al (2010) findings that
the perceived risk and cost of internet access are found to be barriers in
adoption of mobile banking services.
Complexity
According to Koenig-Lewis et. al (2010) confirm that customer has fear
that their money will be at risk by the possibility that the funds may be transferred
to another without them knowing. In addition, the study of Akturan and Tezcan
(2012) suggested that there can be potential loss of control financial information
and transactions because of security risk.
Aldas-Manzano et. al (2012) that privacy risk in banking referred as the
violation and fear of privacy that worry the customers. In the context of possibility
that the information might be disclosed to other banking services companies also
lead their fear.
Risk and privacy issues are said to be important contributing factors for
the slow uptake of mobile banking (Dupas, Green, Keats, & Robinson, 2012). In
contradiction, the study of Rammile and Nel (2012) found out students consider
mobile banking not prone to risk. Since students and young generations are
already expert in using mobile technology, insight of risk associated will be
reduced. Risk and privacy are important factors considered by bank in improving
their services and also to in increasing customer base. Through technological
innovation, an alternative banking option is possible opposed to traditional
banking. In the study of Gross et al. (2012), where it determines barriers to m-
banking revealed that they were satisfied with their banking needs and the need
to change to m-banking is deemed unnecessary. This finding agree to the study
of Monitise (2012) wherein many customers prefer traditional retail banking for
their current banking needs is at satisfactory level without expanding new point of
view in banking services.
Increasing popularity of mobile financial services have arisen major
concerns that need regulatory attention. Among these are security and privacy
problems (Budnitz, 2012). If there is no sufficient security, there is indeed greater
risk involve. Theft, unauthorized transactions and customers’ privacy will be
assaulted. In order to avoid those risk associated, mobile financial providers must
coordinate with the government agencies to protect their customers and its
system. Security issues are the major hesitations of customers adopting mobile
financial services. Despite of the decline, constant personal financial information
remains. Also in the study of Comninos et. al (2008), convenience and security
are factors that encourages the customers to transact in mobile. Furthermore,
according to Sharma and Singh (2011) that frauds, friendliness issue and
account misuse are the Indian banking users’ main concerns. Also, they have the
difficulty in remembering the codes of the transaction, lack of standardization and
application software installation.
Yang (2010) found that factors that trigger the adoption of mobile banking
in Taiwan University are the speed of transaction and low service fee and he
made conclusion that mobile banking is less secured compared to retail banking.
It is on the contrary sited by Lou, Li, Zhang, and Shim (2010) that the cost of the
technology is very high.
Compatibility
According to Lee and Lee (2010) argue that accepting technologies that is
compatible with their current technologies, or they had or been familiar to it
before. Modernism or innovation that is fits to their life or culture of the potential
users has faster adoption (Koenig-Lewis et. al 2010).
Lifestyle plays a big role in adopting mobile banking, one who enjoys
using wireless technology in their day to day life will more likely consider
adopting mobile banking because of its best suits to their technology driven
lifestyle. Provider of mobile services must take into considerations the
compatibility of the lifestyle and preference of their target market (Lin, 2011).
The attitude of the students is the most important factors in the adoption of
mobile banking. Thus attitude affects perceived benefit, risk association and
social factors in using mobile banking (Akturan & Tezcan, 2012). Also in the
study among university students by Gimun, BongSik and Lee (2009) suggest that
potential customers of mobile banking are motivated by their attitudes towards
adopting mobile banking.
Trialability
Puschel et. al (2010) said that there will be rapid adoption if the new ideas
has been tried beforehand. These can be tried before the implementation may
result to high percentage of chances in adoption. On the other hand adoption will
be slower when the trial has not been possible. Aldas-Manzano et. al (2012)
argue that for financial services customers do not have the chance of trying them
before adoption took place.
Observability
The study of Cruz et. al (2010) showed that there is high probability of
adoption of an innovation when usage and benefits are easily observed. Also, in
another study by Liu and Li (2010) affirm that observability and easy to describe
lead to positive impact on people that will eventually use the innovation.
The study of Dass and Pal’s (2009) found out that lack of awareness
among customers serve as barriers not to adopt such technology from banking
institutions. It also stressed the demand for banking and financial services and
long distance to access retail bank offices had impact on the students to adopt or
reject such innovation.
As cited by Lou et. al (2010), most of the users of mobile banking are
among youth market since they already had the familiarity with the use of
technology particularly mobile phones. It is the direct reason why they most likely
to consider to adopt and use mobile banking. Also, supported by the study
Monitise (2012) found that most users of mobile banking services are relatively
young individual who had the knowledge and understanding on the use of
computer and internet.
Monitise (2012) reveals that the users of mobile banking are aged
between 25 and 34 years old, who value efficient use of time. With regards to the
security issues of mobile banking, their personal experience in using mobile
applications gives them the confidence.
Gross et. al (2012) found out that only 5% of the people between the age
18 and 25 years old do not have a mobile phone. This would be the reason
making them as the group who has the potential in adopting mobile financial
services. The increase in number of smartphone users will lead to the increase in
adoption of mobile banking in the coming years. The tertiary students in general
are potential users of mobile banking services.
The study of Yu (2009) that the number of male respondents in somewhat
higher than the number of female respondents in term of adopting mobile
financial services because men are more likely fascinated in the usage and
adoption of new technology and found the men use mobile banking compared to
women. In another study of Khraim, AL Shoubaki, & Khraim (2011), that male
respondents are higher than female in terms of adopting mobile financial services
because men are more interested and tend to adopt easily to new technology
compared to women.
The study of Hamza and Shah (2014) presented that there are already
evidences from different studies found that men and women differ in adoption of
mobile financial services. In their study, it indicates that it is significantly higher to
adopt among men than women. Similarly, Wandibba et. al (2013) sited that
because of the social roles being portrayed by gender in society, there is really
difference on the adoption of mobile financial services. Traditionally, gender roles
differ in economic activity of men and women.
Clark (2012) identifies three components that could help increase the
growth of mobile banking success in Africa. First, there is a large number of
mobile phone in all categories in the society. Second, there is a wide amount of
people who do not have bank accounts and people who have accounts do not
use them for various reasons. Lastly, a large number in Africa live in rural
communities where there is no banking infrastructure.
In the study of Rammile and Nel (2012), banks had come up with other
ways to provide their customers with financial management services with the use
of mobile banking because of the popularity of branch based retail banking but
with all the benefits of mobile banking. Adoption rate among youth markets and
other customers in general is still low. The need for further study of the leading
factors among customers is necessary whether they adopt or reject mobile
banking services. There is a limitation on the studies that focuses on the factors
that influence students to adopt the service. Identifying these factors will be
critical because it will be the basis in reducing the challenges of mobile baking
usage.
As cited by Amin (2007), it is a need to develop better system for internet
and mobile banking wherein potential users will have the confidence about it.
Providing them the necessary information and support to continue embrace the
technology.
Lee and Chung (2009), the success of mobile banking lies on the trust of
the customer as key factor. In another study by Kim et. al (2009), emphasized
initial trust as very important and have an impact on the usage of mobile banking
and relative benefits which support initial trust. Moreover, effect of trust has been
one of the few important dimensions that relates to the adoption of mobile
financial services (Gu et. al, 2009).
According to Nadim and Noorjahan (2008) that customer attitude,
perceived usefulness, security and privacy, and ease of use are significant and
related to adoption concerning risk and complexity of using mobile financial
services. Also, Masinge (2010) found out trust, perceived ease of usefulness and
perceived risk lead consumers to adoption.
Previous studies have examined that relative advantage, ease of use,
observalibility, complexity and compatibility are attributes which are frequently
most vital factors in the adoption of internet and mobile technologies (Koenig-
Lewis et. al, 2010).
Relative advantage, complexity, compatability, trialability and observability
are the most important factors to be considered in this study.
Theoretical Framework
This study was anchored on the theory of Rogers (2003) which is the
Diffusion of Innovation Theory (DIT). It is one of the few theories that attempted
to seek and explore factors affecting an individual to adopt any technological
innovation.
Rogers describes diffusion of innovation as the process by which adoption
of an innovation is communicated to people over time by the given social system.
It can be regarded as a decision to make full use of an innovation. There are
identified several attributes of an innovation that influences the adoption of an
innovation. These are relative advantage, complexity, compatibility, trialability,
and observability.
Relative advantage refers to the degree of which an innovation is
perceived as better providing more benefits than its forerunner. Complexity is the
difficulty to use and understand the innovation. Compatibility is the degree to
which an innovation is perceived as the consistency of user’s past and existing
values, beliefs and experiences. Trialability refers to the degree of experimenting
the innovation on a limited basis before adopting. Observability refers to the
availability of an innovation being well observed and communicated to the people
of the society.
These are primary factors that have impact on the rate of adoption of an
innovation. In our study, the newest way for financial transactions with the use of
mobile services is a technological innovation. Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovation will
be the basis of the research method and question design that this thesis will be
centred to explore the level of willingness to adopt the Mobile Financial Services
among UM CBAE students.
MAIN VARIABLE
MODERATING VARIABLE
Fig. 1. Conceptual Framework
Significance of the Study
Results of this study may be beneficial to the following:
Financial Institution. The information derived from the study would be
the basis of improving and producing quality mobile financial services.
Adoption of Mobile Financial Services
Relative Advantage Compatibility Complexity Trialability Observability
Profile of the Respondents
Age Gender Status Frequency of Usage
Students. The result of the study would serve as a tool to recognize the
importance of mobile financial services.
Future Researcher. The result of the study would serve as additional
information in mobile financial services related studies.
Definition of Terms
Mobile Financial Services (MFS). Operationally it is defined as the use
of mobile phones in accessing financial transactions such as mobile banking (m-
banking).
Students. Conceptually it is defined as the person who attends a school,
college, or university.
Adoption. Operationally it is defined as the process of accepting and
beginning to use new or different.
Influences.Conceptually it is defined as the power to cause changes
without directly forcing them to happen.
CHAPTER 2
METHOD
This chapter deals with the discussion of research methods and
procedures employed by the researchers in the study. These include the
research design, research respondent, research instruments, data gathering
procedure, and statistical treatment of the data.
Research Design
This study made used of the descriptive survey method. Descriptive
survey method easily determined the current profile of CBAE of the University of
Mindanao. It also determine the significant differences among group of
respondents. The research used a qualitative method that helped in extracting
data about the level on adoption of mobile financial service.
Research Respondents
The target respondents for the study were the current CBAE students of
the University of Mindanao. The sample was designated into meaningful
segments of mobile financial services were used to determine the sample size of
100 respondents. The researchers randomly chose the respondents.
Research Instruments
The research instrument used in this study was adapted and revised
from the research of Jabri and Sohail, (2012). The questionnaire comprised
of two parts. Part 1 is the profile of the respondents and part 2 was
designed based on the indicators found on the Diffusion of Innovation
Theory (Rogers, 2003) consisted of 25 items measuring the five variables,
using a 5-point Likert-type scale which means:
RANGE DESCRIPTION INTERPRETATION
4.50-5.00 Very High The degree of agreement with the specific
indicator is strongly agreed.
3.50-4.49 High The degree of agreement with the specific
indicator is agreed.
2.50-3.49 Moderate The degree of agreement with the specific
indicator is moderately agreed.
1.50-2.49 Low The degree of agreement with the specific
indicator is disagreed.
1.00-1.49 Very Low The degree of agreement with the specific
indicator is strongly disagreed.
Data Gathering Procedures
The data were gathered through the following procedures:
1. Seeking permission to conduct the study. Letter of permission to
conduct the study to the Dean of the College of Business Administration
Education in University of Mindanao.
2. Administration of questionnaire. Upon approval of the letter of
permission, the questionnaire was administered to the respondents.
3. Retrieval of the questionnaires. After the respondents were through
answering the questionnaire, the researcher personally retrieved them.
The gathered data was tallied and subjected to statistical analysis
Statistical Treatment of Data
The statistical tool used in the interpretation of data:
Frequency and Percentage. This was used to determine the profile of
CBAE students.
Mean. This was used to determine the level of financial attribute in
adoption of mobile financial services among CBAE students.
T- Test and F-Test. These were used to determine the significant
difference on influences in adoption of mobile financial services when grouped
according to profile.
CHAPTER 3
ANALYSIS, INTERPRETATION OF DATA AND FINDINGS
This chapter answers specific problems presented earlier. The data
presented, analyzed and interpreted based on the research questions of the
study. The researchers gathered the data and statistic showed in this chapter.
The researchers conducted a survey last August 19-22, 2014, to determine the
important factors that influence the adoption of mobile financial services among
CBAE students.
Profile of Respondents
There are 100 respondents for this study. These are the CBAE students of
University of Mindanao in Davao city. Table 1 result shows that there are 67%
female respondents and 33% male respondents. Most of them range 18 to 25
years old both male and female for 95% and 5% on the age bracket 26 - 35. In
terms of status, 99% of respondents are single and only 1% is married. It means
out of 100 respondents most of them are single upon the survey conducted.
The latter represents the frequency of using Mobile Financial Services by
CBAE students. There are respondents who were always using with 15%,
sometimes for 35%, 11% for often, seldom is 10% and 29% of the respondents
never had the chance to use it.
It contrast to the study of Khraim, AL Shoubaki, & Khraim (2011), that
male respondents are higher than female in terms of adopting mobile financial
services because men are more interested and tend to adopt easily to new
technology compared to women.
It confirms to the idea of Srinivas, Friedman, & Eckenrode (2014) that
most of its users are the young generations since they are much aware of the
availability of mobile technology and most likely to use them. Most of the
respondents fell on the age bracket 18 – 25 years old which are deemed to be
young generation.
Result on the usage agrees to the study of Yu (2013) that despite of the
numerous perceived benefits of mobile financial services for customers, it is not
increased at a rate as initially anticipated because of the lack of trust in the said
services. Even in developed countries like Sweden, USA and UK, the ratio of m-
banking users and mobile phone users are low.
Table 1Profile of Respondents
Profile Frequency Percentage
GenderMale 33 33%
Female 67 67%
TOTAL 100 100%
Age18 – 25 95 95%25 – 35 44 1%
TOTAL 100 100%
StatusSingle 99 99%
Married 1 1%
TOTAL 100 100%
UsageAlways 15 15%
Sometimes 35 35%Often 11 11%
Seldom 10 10%Never 29 29%
TOTAL 100 100%
Level of Financial Attribute in Adoption of Mobile Financial Services in terms of Relative Advantage, Complexity, Compatibility, Trialability and Observability
Table 2 presents the descriptive analysis of the feedback of the
respondents based on five indicators. The study tries to determine the level of
relative advantage among mobile financial service. It shows that the students
agree on mobile financial service is a suitable way to manage finance with the
mean of 3.55. In terms of mobile financial services allows managing finance
economically the respondents said that they agree with a mean of 3.52. On the
other hand, in the area of mobile financial services manage finance efficiently,
the respondents agree with the mean of 3.46. In addition, respondents were
neutral on the mobile financial services gives greater control over finances with a
mean of 3.43. Finally, the students agree that using mobile financial services
enable users to accomplish tasks more quickly with the mean of 3.51. To sum
up, the overall mean of relative advantage is 3.53 with descriptive level of high.
The respondents were also asked on their perception in the area of
complexity. It shows that the respondents were neutral in mobile financial
services requires mental effort with a mean of 3.32. In the area of mobile
financial services technical skills, respondents agree with the mean of 3.77. Also,
the students agree that due to poor network of mobile in some area, it takes time
to do transaction with a mean of 3.79. In addition the respondents were neutral
with the mean of 3.45 in terms of it takes time to learn on how to use the mobile
financial services. Lastly, respondents agree that due to transaction error, there
might be loss of money with the mean of 3.51. Generally, with overall mean of
3.57 the descriptive level is high for complexity as financial attribute.
In the addition this study tries to measure the level of compatibility among
mobile financial service. With the mean of 3.66, the students agree on mobile
financial services fits personality like the way to manage finance. The
respondents were neutral to to try new technology with the mean of 3.48. Further
in the area of to adopt new innovation the respondents agree with the mean of
3.59. In addition the respondents were asked in terms of mobile financial service
compatible to lifestyle and they agree with a mean of 3.45. Lastly, the
respondents agree in using mobile financial services fits to working style with the
mean of 3.74. Generally, the overall mean of financial attribute for compatibility is
3.62 with a descriptive level of high.
The study tries to determine the level of trialability among mobile financial
services. Question 1 shows the mean of 3.35 means that the respondent were
neutral to use mobile financial services for at least one month. In question 2,
respondents agree to use mobile financial services as a trial basis on how does it
work with a mean of 3.50. Question 3 shows the mean of 3.53 with a descriptive
level of agree to try if it is applicable to activities. In addition, question 4 shows
the mean of 3.35 in where respondents were neutral to try because of its feature.
Finally, in question 5 in where students were also neutral to try because it is new
with the mean of 3.45. To sum up, the overall mean of financial attribute in terms
of trialability is 3.45 with a descriptive level of moderate.
The respondents were asked on their perception in the area of
observability. It shows that the respondents were neutral on mobile financial
services can be accessed anytime and anywhere with the mean of 3.45. The
students agree in mobile financial services have no queue with the mean of 3.55.
In the area of mobile financial services can be accessed when abroad the
students agree with the mean of 3.63. Also, the respondents agree to see the
result of the transaction immediately with the mean of 3.63. Finally in terms of
mobile financial services is useful and advantageous the respondents replied that
they agree with a mean of 3.71. In general, the overall mean of observability is
3.60 with a descriptive level of high.
The results of this study relates to many previous studies such as Deans
and Gray (2010), who explore the potential factors that may influence the
intention of mobile phone users to adopt mobile financial services. According to
Deans and Gray there are seven possible factors that play an important roles in
determining consumer decision intention to adopt mobile related marketing
namely; compatibility, perceived risk, complexity, relative advantage, trialability,
trustworthiness and permissibility. The findings by Deans and Gray found that
relative advantage of mobile services is the strongest influence in building
consumers’ intention and decision to adopt in which in our study came fourth out
of five indicators based on Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovation Theory.
Table 2
Level of Financial Attributes in Adoption of Mobile Financial Services in terms of Relative Advantage, Complexity, Compatibility,
Trialability and Observability
Relative Advantage Mean Description
1 Mobile Financial Services is a suitable way to manage finance
3.55 High
2 Mobile Financial Services allows managing finance economically
3.52 High
3 Mobile Financial Services allows me to manage finance efficiently
3.46 Moderate
4 Mobile Financial Services gives greater control over finances
3.43 Moderate
5 Using Mobile Financial Services enable users to accomplish tasks more quickly
3.67 High
Overall Mean 3.53 High
Complexity Mean Description
1 Mobile Financial Services requires mental effort
3.32 Moderate
2 Mobile Financial Services technical skills 3.77 High3 Due to poor network of mobile in some area, it
takes time to do transaction3.79 High
4 It takes time to learn on how to use the mobile financial services
3.45 Moderate
5 Due to transaction error, there might loss of money
3.51 High
Overall Mean 3.57 High
Compatibility Mean Description1 Mobile Financial Services fits to my
personality like the way I manage my finance3.66 High
2 Try new technology 3.48 Moderate3 Adopt new innovation 3.59 High4 Mobile Financial Services is compatible to my
lifestyle3.64 High
5 By using Mobile Financial Services fits to my working style
3.74 High
Overall Mean 3.62 High
Trialability Mean Description
1 Use Mobile Financial Services for at least one month
3.35 Moderate
Continuation of Table 2
2 Use Mobile Financial Services as a trial basis on how does it work
3.50 High
3 Try if it is applicable on personal activities 3.53 High4 Try because of its feature 3.35 Moderate5 Try because it is new 3.45 Moderate
Overall Mean 3.44 Moderate
ObservabilityMean Description
1 Mobile Financial Services can be accessed anytime and anywhere
3.45 Moderate
2 Mobile Financial Services have no queue 3.55 High3 Mobile Financial Services can be accessed
when you are abroad3.63 High
4 See the result of the transaction immediately 3.71 High
5 Mobile Financial Services is useful and advantageous
3.67 High
Overall Mean 3.60 High
Significance Difference in the Level of Financial Attribute in Adoption of Mobile Financial Services When Analyzed According to Respondents Gender
In table 3, the t-test was used to determine the significant difference in the
level of financial attributes when respondents were grouped according to their
gender. In the area of relative advantage as an indicator it shows the mean of
3.71 for male while 3.37 for female with the t-test of 2.00 which means that there
is significant difference. For complexity, the t-test value of 1.28 with the mean of
3.73 for male and 3.49 for female shows that there is no significant difference.
Further in the area of compatibility the mean for male is 3.80 and 3.53 for the
female with the t-test of 1.33 shows that there is no significant difference exist.
When it comes to trialability, it shows the mean of 3.71 for male and 3.30 for
female. In addition the t-test 2.54 means that there is significant difference exist.
Lastly in the indicator observability the result of t-test is 0.7 which means there
were no significant difference exist.
In resemblance to the study of Hamza and Shah (2014), that there are
already evidences from different studies found that men and women differ in
adoption of mobile financial services. In their study, it indicate that it is
significantly higher to adopt among men than women. Similarly, Wandeba et. al
(2013) sited that because of the social roles being portrayed by gender in
society, there is really difference on the adoption of mobile financial services.
Traditionally, gender roles differ in economic activity of men and women.
Table 3
Significance Difference in the Level of Financial Attribute in Adoption of Mobile Financial Services When Analyzed According to
Respondents Gender
Indicator Gender Mean F-test Decision
Relative Advantage
Male 3.71
2.00 Reject
Female 3.37
ComplexityMale 3.73
1.28 Accept
Female 3.49
CompatibilityMale 3.80
1.33 Accept
Female 3.53
TrialabilityMale 3.71
2.56 Reject
Female 3.30
ObservabilityMale 3.69
0.70 Accept
Female 3.56
Significance Difference in the Level of Financial Attribute in Adoption of Mobile Financial Services When Analyzed According to Respondents Age
In table 4, the indicators are analyzed based on the mean of different
range of ages together with F-test to determine the significant difference in the
level of financial attributes in adoption of mobile financial services when
respondents were grouped according to their age. Under relative advantage as
an indicator, it shows the overall mean of 3.48 with F-test of 1.03. In the area of
complexity the F-test value is 0.3 with the overall mean of 3.57. Further in the
area of compatibility, the overall mean is 3.62 with F-test value of 1.74. When it
comes to trialability, the overall mean is 3.44 with the F-test of 2.36. Finally, in
the indicator of observability the result of F-test is 0.69 with the overall mean of
3.60.
Generally, there is no significant difference exists in the level of financial
attribute in adoption of mobile financial services when analyzed according to age
as respondents’ profile. It is similar to the findings of Gross et.al (2009) study
wherein there is higher chance of adopting mobile financial services to age
bracket 18 – 29 years old. This is because younger generation tend to adopt fast
to new innovations in the market.
Table 4Significance Difference in the Level of Financial Attribute in Adoption of
Mobile Financial Services When Analyzed According toRespondents Age
Indicator Age Mean F-test Decision
Relative
18-25 3.50
1.03 Accept
26-35 3.1236-45 0
46 above 0
Advantage Overall 3.48
Complexity
18-25 3.57
0.29 Accept
26-35 3.3636-45 0
46 above 0Overall 3.57
Compatibility
18-25 3.65
1.74 Accept
26-35 3.0836-45 0
46 above 0Overall 3.62
Trialability
18-25 3.46
2.36 Accept
26-35 2.9236-45 0
46 above 0Overall 3.44
Observability
18-25 3.62
0.69 Accept
26-35 3.2836-45 0
46 above 0Overall 3.60
Significance Difference in the Level of Financial Attribute in Adoption of Mobile Financial Services When Analyzed According to Respondents Status
In table 5, the F-test was used to determine the significant difference in
the level of financial attributes in adoption of mobile financial services when
respondents were grouped according to their status. Under relative advantage as
an indicator, it shows the total mean of 3.48 for single, 4.20 for the married with
the overall mean of 3.48 and F-test value of 0.77. In the area of complexity, it
shows the mean of 3.56 for single, 4.20 for married with the overall mean of 3.57
and F-test value of 0.53. Further, in the area of compatibility shows the mean of
3.62 for single, 4.00 for married with the overall mean of 3.62 and F-test value of
0.16. In addition, trialability shows the mean of 3.43 for single, 4.00 for married
with overall mean of 3.44 and F-test value of 0.53. Lastly in the indicator
observability, it shows the mean of 3.60 for single, 4.00 for married with the
overall mean of 3.60 and F-test value of 0.2. The F-test value of 0.05 and above
indicates that the hypothesis is accepted.
Therefore, there is no significant difference exist in the level of financial
attributes in mobile financial services when analyzed according to status as
respondents’ profile. The result shows no significant difference was found in the
adoption of mobile financial services among the status, indicating that the degree
of adoption of mobile financial services is similar among respondents’ status.
Table 5
Significance Difference in the Level of Financial Attribute in Adoption of Mobile Financial Services When Analyzed According to
Respondents Status
Indicator Status Mean F-test DecisionSingle 3.48
Relative Advantage 0.77 AcceptMarried 4.2
Widowed 0
Overall 3.48
Complexity
Single 3.56
0.53 AcceptMarried 4.2
Widowed 0
Overall 3.57
Compatibility
Single 3.62
0.16 AcceptMarried 4
Widowed 0
Overall 3.62
Trialability
Single 3.43
0.53 AcceptMarried 4
Widowed 0
Overall 3.44
Observability
Single 3.60
0.20 AcceptMarried 4
Widowed 0
Overall 3.60
Significance Difference in the Level of Financial Attribute in Adoption of Mobile Financial Services When Analyzed According to Respondents Frequency of Usage
In table 6, the F-test was used to determine the significant difference in
the level of financial attributes when respondents were grouped according to their
usage. The indicators are also analyzed based on the mean of the usage. For
relative advantage, it shows the overall mean of 3.48 with the F-test value of 1.6.
In the area of complexity, it shows the overall mean of 3.57 with the F-value of
1.16. Further in compatibility, it shows the overall mean of 3.63 with the F-test
value of 0.52. In terms of trialability, it shows the overall mean of 3.44 with the F-
test value 0.3. Finally, the observability show the mean of 3.60 with the F-test
value of 0.8. The F-test value of 0.05 and above indicates that the hypothesis is
accepted.
In general, it confirms to the null hypothesis as to the frequency of using
mobile financial services. Therefore, there is no significant difference exist in the
level of financial attributes in adoption of mobile financial services when analyzed
according to respondents’ frequency of usage.
Table 6
Significance Difference in the Level of Financial Attribute in Adoption of Mobile Financial Services When Analyzed According to
Respondents Frequency of Usage
Indicator Usage Mean F-test value
Decision
Relative Advantage
Always 3.52
1.6 Accept
Sometimes 3.53Often 3.89
Seldom 3.02Never 3.41
Overall 3.48
Complexity
Always 3.61
1.16 Accept
Sometimes 3.66Often 3.69
Seldom 3.02Never 3.57
Overall 3.57
Compatibility
Always 3.45
0.52 Accept
Sometimes 3.58Often 3.93
Seldom 3.48Never 3.70
Overall 3.62
Trialability
Always 3.51
0.3 Accept
Sometimes 3.41Often 3.64
Seldom 3.44Never 3.35
Overall 3.44
Observability
Always 3.6
0.8 Accept
Sometimes 3.49
Often 3.95Seldom 3.36
Never 3.69
Overall 3.60
CHAPTER 4
Summary, Conclusion, Recommendation
In this chapter, the researchers present the summary of findings, provide
the conclusions and offers recommendations. The study conducted in order to
determine the important factors that influences the adoption of mobile financial
services according to Diffusion of Innovation Theory by Rogers (2003). The
researchers also tried to measure the significant difference when respondents
are grouped according to their age, gender, status and usage. The level of
agreement was used for gathering the data through descriptive method while
using the questionnaires were used in collecting data for this study. The
respondents in this study were the UM CBAE students, there were 100 and there
is 100 percent retrieval rate of the questionnaires. The research was conducted
from June 09, 2014 to October 30, 2014.
Summary of findings:
Based on the data presented, the following were the findings of the study:
1. The profile of the respondents, in terms of age 33% are male and 67%
female. There are more respondents’ ages 18 to 25 years old with a
percentage of 95% and 5% for ages 25 to 35 years old. Similarly,
mostly of the respondents’ status are single with a frequency of 99 or
99%, only 1% was married and lastly 0% was coming from the
widowed.
2. There was a very low frequency of usage as to the mobile financial
services used by CBAE students. There were only 15% who said that
they always use mobile financial services, while 35% said sometimes.
There are 11% said often, 10% for seldom and 29% never had the
chance to try using it.
3. The level of financial attribute in adoption of mobile financial services
of UM CBAE students in terms of relative advantage the mean 3.53 or
high. While in terms of complexity, the mean score was 3.57 or high.
Further, in compatibility there was a mean of 3.62 that means high. In
trialability, the mean score was 3.44 or moderate. Lastly, in terms of
observability the mean was 3.60 or high.
4. Significant difference in the level of financial attribute in the adoption of
mobile financial services when respondents are grouped according to
their gender. There is significant difference in terms of relative
advantage with the T-test value of 2.00. In terms of complexity, the T-
test value of 1.28 shows there were no significant difference exist. In
compatibility, the T-test value of 1.33 also shows that there is no
significant difference exists. Further, in terms of trialability with the T-
test value of 2.54 means that there is significant difference exist.
Finally, in terms of observability with the T-test value of 0.70 shows
that there is no significant difference exist. The F-test was also used to
determine if there was significant difference in the level of financial
attribute in adoption of mobile financial services when respondents are
grouped according to their age, status and usage. In the data gathered
there were no significant difference exist.
Conclusion
Based on the findings, the following conclusions were drawn:
1. Majority of the respondents in this study in terms of gender are female,
as to their ages 18 -25 years old, mostly they were single at the time
the research was conducted. This implies that these respondents with
the information provided above are the most attentive in identifying
indicators.
2. There was low usage result on how often mobile financial services
used by CBAE students. The highest percentage for the frequency of
usage is sometimes, respondent uses mobile financial services four to
five times a week. Came second, the respondents were not able to
experience and never tried using mobile financial services at all.
3. There is no significant difference on the level of financial attributes in
adoption of mobile financial services when respondents are group
according to age and status. For the gender, relative advantage and
trialability show that there were significant difference when analysed.
4. Influences on adoption of mobile financial services among CBAE
students study uses different statistical tool to determine which factors
needs immediate attention. The research findings show that all the five
factors; relative advantage, complexity, compatibility and observability
affect CBAE students’ adoption of mobile financial services.
Compatibility found to be the most favored factor that influences the
adoption of mobile financial services, and trialability to be the least.
Recommendation:
Based on the conclusions, the following recommendations are:
1. The researcher recommends to the financial institutions, to consider
the above findings for their additional information or basis on their
services to improve productivity and innovation especially to mobile
financial services.
2. It is highly recommended for CBAE students due to changing customer
needs, it’s important to adapt new innovative solutions such as mobile
financial services with those new needs.
3. It is also recommended to the future researcher to have all these
information herein to supplement and serve as additional information in
mobile financial services studies or alike. Specifically in the area of
profiling the respondents, it is highly recommended to include what
type of mobile phone they are using. It maybe basic phone or
smartphone.
4.
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APPENDIX A
PERMISSION TO CONDUCT STUDY
APPENDIX B
SAMPLE QUESTIONNAIRE
General Direction: Please accomplish this questionnaire carefully and honestly. Please
be restassured that any information that you supply will be treated with greatest
confidentiality and anonymity. Please respond by ticking (/), one answer among the
choices: strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree and strongly disagree.
Part 1: General Information
Directions to the respondents: Please supply the following information on the
following questions by checking ( ) the appropriate box.
Name (Optional):_______________________________________________
Please place check in the space or fill in the blank.
1. Profile of Respondents
Age Status
18-25 Single
26-35 Married
36-45 Widowed
46 above
Gender
Male
Female
2. Usage of mobile financial services
Always
Sometimes
Often
Seldom
Never
Part 2
Direction: Please check one box that correspond your answer to each questions.
5 Strongly Agree
4 Agree
3 Neutral
2 Disagree
1 Strongly Disagree
Relative Advantage 1 2 3 4 51. Mobile Financial Services is a suitable
way to manage finance2. Mobile Financial Services allows
managing finance economically3. Mobile Financial Services allows me to
manage finance efficiently4. Mobile Financial Services gives greater
control over finances5. Using Mobile Financial Services enable
users to accomplish tasks more quickly
Compatability 1 2 3 4 51. Mobile Financial Services fits to my
personality like the way I manage my finance
2. I like to try new technology
3. I like to adopt new innovation
4. Mobile Financial Services is compatible to my lifestyle
5. By using Mobile Financial Services fits to my working style
Observality 1 2 3 4 51. Mobile Financial Services can be
accessed anytime and anywhere2. Mobile Financial Services have no queu
3. Mobile Financial Services can be accessed when you are abroad
4. I can see the result of the transaction immediately
5. Mobile Financial Services is useful and advantageous
Complexity 1 2 3 4 51. Mobile Financial Services requires
mental effort2. Mobile Financial Services technical
skills3. Due to poor network of mobile in some
area, it takes time to do transaction4. It takes time to learn on how to use the
mobile financial services 5. Due to transaction error, there might
loss of money
Trialability 1 2 3 4 51. I want to use Mobile Financial Services
for at least one month2. I want to use Mobile Financial Services
as a trial basis on how does it work for me
3. I want to try if it is applicable on my activities
4. I want to try because of its feature
5. I want to try beacause it is new
If you have any comments and suggestions, please don’t hesitate to write it in the
following:
________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Thank you for your time and effort to answer this survey questionnaire.
APPENDIX C
VALIDATION OF INSTRUMENT
VALIDATORS MEAN DESCRPTIVE EQUIVALENT
Doctor Marcelina C. Falcon 4 Very GoodProfessor Rosalia T. Gabronino 4 Very GoodProfessor Anabelle A. Lopez 4 Very GoodOver-all 4 Very Good
5 - Excellent
4 - Very Good
3 - Good
2 - Fair
1 – Poor
APPENDIX D
LETTER TO STATISTICIAN
APPENDIX E
CERTIFICATE FROM THE STATISCIAN
APPENDIX F
LETTER TO GRAMMARIAN
APPENDIX G
CERTIFICATE FROM THE GRAMMARIAN
APPENDIX H
TURNITIN RESULT
APPENDIX I
CURRICULUM VITAE
RODEL F. BALISALISADiatagon, Lianga, Surigao del Sur
Birthdate : November 6, 1993Birthplace : Diatagon, Lianga, Surigao del SurAge : 21 years oldWeight : 63 kgs.Height : 5’7’’Gender : MaleStatus : SingleReligion : Roman CatholicCitizenship : FilipinoFather’s Name : Rogelio N. BalisalisaOccupation : NoneMother’s Name : Midelene F. BalisalisaOccupation : TeacherLanguage/ Dialect Spoken: Bisaya, Tagalog and English
Educational BackgroundYear
Tertiary Education:University of MindanaoBolton St., Davao City
Secondary Education:St. Christine National High School 2009-2010St. Christine, Lianga, Surigao del Sur
Elementary Education:Diatagon Elementary School 2005-2006Diatagon, Lianga, Surigao del Sur
Affiliation
JCFAP MemberJFINEX Vice President ExternalUM RCY (Red Cross Youth) Member
REGGIE B. MALAQUEPurok 1, San Roque Maramag, Bukidnon
Birthdate : February 16, 1992Birthplace : Maramag, BukidnonAge : 22 years oldWeight : 68 kgs.Height : 5’10’’Gender : MaleStatus : SingleReligion : Roman CatholicCitizenship : FilipinoFather’s Name : Ernesto D. MalaqueOccupation : DeceasedMother’s Name : Fe B. MalaqueOccupation : HousewifeLanguage/ Dialect Spoken: Bisaya, Tagalog and English
Educational BackgroundYear
Tertiary Education:University of MindanaoBolton St., Davao City
Secondary Education:Bukidnon National School of Home Business 2007-2008Maramag, Bukidnon
Elementary Education:San Roque Elementary School 2003-2004Maramag Bukidnon
Affiliation
JCFAP MemberJFINEX MemberCSG Secretary
JESTONE S. MELLIJORPurok Durian, Magugpo East, Tipaz, Tagum City
Birthdate : October 5, 1992Birthplace : Apokon, Tagum CityAge : 22 years oldWeight : 65 kgs.Height : 5’7’’Gender : MaleStatus : SingleReligion : Roman CatholicCitizenship : FilipinoFather’s Name : Ananias M. MellijorOccupation : MasonMother’s Name : Celsa S. MellijorOccupation : HousewifeLanguage/ Dialect Spoken: Bisaya, Tagalog and English
Educational BackgroundYear
Tertiary Education:University of MindanaoBolton St., Davao City
Secondary Education:Tagum National Trade School 2000-2010Apokon Road, Tagum City
Elementary Education:Apokon Elementary School 2005-2006Apokon Tagum City
Affiliation
JFINEX MemberCSG 4th year Representative
