influence of shear wall openings on behaviour of structure
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INFLUENCE OF SHEAR WALL OPENINGS ON
BEHAVIOUR OF STRUCTURE
SUMEGH S. PATNE
Department of Civil Engineering,
Prof. Ram Meghe College of Engineering And
Management,
Amravati, India
HARSHAL M. BANUBAKODE
Department of Civil Engineering,
Prof. Ram Meghe College of Engineering And
Management,
Amravati, India
Abstract—In recent decades, shear wall structures are the most
appropriate structural forms, which have caused the height of
concrete buildings to be soared. In present work, sixteen storey
buildings (49.2m) have been modeled using software package
ETAB v 9.7.4 for earthquake zone III in India. Different
positions and location of shear wall with opening conditions are
considered for studying their effectiveness in resisting lateral
forces. Study on different opening conditions for storey drift and
diaphragm displacement concluded that provision of opening in
shear wall ultimately helps to achieve the economy.
Index Terms—Shear wall, lateral forces, storey drift,
diaphragm displacement.
I. INTRODUCTION
A shear wall building is in no way different from an
ordinary framed building. However, it differs significantly
when it comes to transference of lateral loads. Shear walls are
vertical stiffening elements designed to resist lateral forces
exerted on a building by wind or earthquakes .Shear walls are
vertical elements of the horizontal force resisting system. Shear
walls are constructed to counter the effects of lateral load
acting on a structure. In residential construction, shear walls
are straight external walls that typically form a box which
provides all of the lateral support for the building. In the last two decades, shear walls became an
important part of mid and high-rise residential buildings. As
part of an earthquake resistant building design, these walls are
placed in building plans reducing lateral displacements under
earthquake loads. So shear-wall frame structures are obtained.
Openings are used as architectural needs to have
window or doors; besides, engineers want to design buildings
without shear lag under negative shear.Shear walls are
frequently pierced for doors, windows and corridor openings.
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
Lin and Kuo (1988), they stated that, had conducted finite
element analysis and experimental work to study the ultimate
strength of shear wall with openings under lateral load. In test
program, the different amount and pattern of reinforcement
were arranged around the openings.
Torki Harcheganiua et.al. (2011), has stated that, effect of
openings dimensions on the relative flexural behavior of
adjacent piers (independent or conjugate) in perforated shear
walls is addressed. 384 designed models were made and
exposed to lateral loads. For middle openings, in addition to
the alpha parameter in the literature, the relative flexural
behavior of piers in medium-rise buildings can be predicted as
function of thickness-to-length ratio of the coupling beam and
the ratio of the coupling beam length to the pier length; but in
high-rise buildings, it is always conjugate. For corner
openings, the alpha parameter must be modified with respect
to the number of stories.
Rahangdale and Satone (2013), they stated that, shear wall
system are one of the most commonly used lateral load
resisting in high rise building Shear wall has high in plane
stiffness and strength which can be used to simultaneously
resist large horizontal loads and support gravity loads.
Incorporation of Shear wall has become inevitable in multi-
storey building to resist lateral forces. According to them,
efficient and ideal location of shear wall of G+5 Storey
building in Zone IV is presented with some preliminary
investigation which is analyzed by changing various position
of shear wall with different shapes for determine parameter
like axial load and moments. This analysis is done by using
Standard package STADD-pro.
Sardar and Karadi (2013), they stated that, shear wall has high
in plane stiffness and strength which can be used to
simultaneously resist large horizontal loads and support
gravity loads. Shear Walls are specially designed structural
walls include in the buildings to resist horizontal forces that
are induces in the plane of the wall due to wind, earthquake
and other forces. They are mainly flexural members and
usually provided in high rise buildings to avoid the total
collapse of the high rise buildings under seismic forces. The
study of 25 storeys building in zone V is presented with some
investigation which is analyzed by changing various location
of shear wall for determining parameters like storey drift,
storey shear and displacement is done by using standard
package ETAB. Creation of 3D building model for both linear
static and linear dynamic method of analysis and influence of
concrete core wall provided at the center of the building.
Awdy and Hassan (2013), has been focus on developed to
assess the relative influences of various tensional resisting on
the capacity of open rectangular shear walls. The stability is
considered a four system of loads which produce zero
distortion on cross section of shear wall. Finite element
software ANSYS is used to perform the buckling analysis of
open rectangular shear walls, also theoretical analysis will be
presented for obtaining the critical buckling loads of open
rectangular shear walls. An extensive set of parameters is
investigated including dimensional parameters (walls
thickness, shape factor, mono symmetry, and proportion
factor) and discussions of the results are illustrated.
III. METHODOLOGY
Building models which are consider for analysis in ETAB
v9.7.4 software are given below
Model 1 – Floor plan with the box type shear wall.
Plan Elevation
Model 1(a) - Floor plan with the box type shear wall with
center window openings.
Plan Elevation
Model 1 (b) - Floor plan with the box type shear wall with
door opening
Plan Elevation
Model 1 (c) - Floor plan with the box type shear wall with
eccentric window openings.
Plan Elevation
Model 2 – Floor plan with the center shear wall.
Plan Elevation
Model 2(a) –Floor plan with the center shear wall with center
window openings.
Plan Elevation
Model 2(b) – Floor plan with the center shear wall with door
openings.
Plan Elevation
Model 2(c) − Floor plan with the center shear wall with
eccentric window openings.
Plan Elevation
Model 3 − Floor plan without shear wall
Plan
Shear wall locations –
Shear walls are used as the main lateral force resisting system
in N-S and E-W directions. In this research 10” thick ordinary
concrete shear walls are used in two locations, at the ends and
at the mid-region of the buildings and their effect on lateral
load distribution and displacement examined.
Analysis data for all the models –
Type of frame: Special RC moment resisting frame
fixed at the base
Seismic zone: III
Number of storey: G + 15
Floor height: 3.0 m
Depth of Slab: 150 mm
Size of beam: (300x 450) mm
Size of column (exterior): (300x 450) mm
Size of column (interior): (300x 450) mm
Spacing between frames: 6 m along x and 6m along
y- directions
Live load on floor: 3 KN/m2
Dead load: 3.75 KN/m2
Floor finish: 1.0 KN/m2
Materials: M 30 concrete, Fe 415 steel Material
Thickness of wall: 230 mm
Thickness of shear wall: 250mm
Density of concrete: 25 KN/m3
Density of infill wall : 20 KN/m3
Type of soil: Medium
Table 1 - Loading combination
SR NO. LOAD COMBINATION
1 1.5 (D.L + L.L )
2 1.2(D.L + L.L + E.Q.X.)
3 1.2(D.L + L.L - E.Q.X.)
4 1.2(D.L + L.L + E.Q.Y.)
5 1.2(D.L + L.L - E.Q.Y.)
6 1.5 (D.L + E.Q.X )
7 1.5 (D.L - E.Q.X )
8 1.5 (D.L + E.Q.Y )
9 1.5 (D.L - E.Q.Y )
10 0.9 D.L + 1.5 E.Q.X
11 0.9 D.L - 1.5 E.Q.X
12 0.9 D.L + 1.5 E.Q.Y
13 0.9 D.L - 1.5 E.Q.Y
IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Storey Drift -
Storey drift is the displacement of one level relative to the
other level above or below. As per Indian standard, Criteria
for earthquake resistant design of structures, IS 1893 (Part 1) :
2002, the storey drift in any storey due to service load shall
not exceed 0.004 times the storey height.
Figure 1 – Storey drift
Diaphragm displacement -
Diaphragm displacement is the displacement of the diaphragm
with its original position under the lateral effect.
Figure 2 – Diaphragm displacement
a) The following graph showing the diaphragm displacement
of box type shear wall among model 1, 1(a), 1(b), 1(c) and
model 3.
Figure 3- Comparative study for diaphragm displacement
of box type shear wall against storey height.
b) The following graph showing the diaphragm
displacement of center type shear wall among model 2,
2(a), 2(b), 2(c) and model 3.
Figure 4 - Comparative study for diaphragm displacement of
center type shear wall against storey height.
With the reference of Figure 3 and Figure 4, for box and
centre type shear wall, the diaphragm displacement is
approximately same for all types of opening in shear wall and
with the shear wall without opening. But, the same
comparison with the building without shear wall shows the
importance of the shear wall in a building.
c) The following graph showing the storey drift of corner
type shear wall among model 1, 1(a), 1(b), 1(c) and model 3
.
Figure 5- Comparative study for story drift of box type shear
wall against storey height.
d) The following graph showing the storey drift of center type
shear wall among model 2, 2(a), 2(b), 2(c) and model 3.
Figure 6- Comparative study for story drift of center type
shear wall against storey height.
e) The following graph showing the diaphragm displacement
of box type shear wall with opening among
model1(a),1(b),1(c)
Figure 7- Comparative study for diaphragm displacement of
box type shear wall with opening against storey height.
f) The following graph showing the diaphragm displacement
of center type shear wall with opening among model 2(a),
2(b), 2(c)
Figure 8 - Comparative study for diaphragm displacement of
center type shear wall with opening against storey height.
V. CONCNLUSIONS
The presence of shear wall can affect the seismic
behavior of frame structure to large extent, and the
shear wall increases the strength and stiffness of the
structure.
The presence of opening in shear wall give
approximately same result as that of the shear wall
without opening. So provision of opening in shear
wall ultimately helps to achieve the economy.
In the comparisons among door opening, center
window opening and eccentric window opening, it is
found that eccentric opening gives more
displacement within the study of diaphragm
displacement and storey drift.
When we provide 11.11% center window opening
and same that for eccentric window opening,
For box and center type shear wall the diaphragm
displacement remain same.
When we provide 22.22% door opening as against
11.11% center window opening, the diaphragm
displacement remain approximately same.
When we provide 22.22% door opening as against
11.11% eccentric window opening, the diaphragm
displacement is more for eccentric window opening
even opening percentage is twice.
REFERENCES
1] C. Y. Lin and C. L. Kuo, “Behaviour of shear wall
with opening”, Proceedings of ninth world
conference on earthquake engineering , Tokyo-
Kyoto, Japan,4 august 2-9, 1988.
2] Meena Shrestha, „Effects Of Openings In Shear Wall
On Seismic Response Of Frame-Shear Wall
Structures‟ M.E. Thesis , Graduate School, Kasetsart
University, 2008
3] M.E. Torki Harcheganiua, B. Talaei Tabab and F.
Farahbod, “Effect of opening dimensions on the
relative flexural operation of coupled shear walls”
4] Ashish S.Agrawal and S.D.Charkha, “ Effect of
change in shear wall location on storey drift of
multistorey building subjected to lateral loads”, ISSN:
2248-9622 2(3), May-Jun 2012.
5] Shahzad Jamil Sardar and Umesh. N. Karadi, “Effect
of change in shear wall location on storey drift of
multistorey building subjected to lateral loads”,
IJISET, 2(9), September 2013.
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study of reinforced concrete shear wall analysis in
multi-storied building with openings by nonlinear
methods”, ISSN 2319 – 6009 2(3), August 2013.
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analysis of multistoried building with effect of shear
wall”, ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com 3(3), May-
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of Open Rectangular Shear Walls”, International
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