infertility it causes and treatment
TRANSCRIPT
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Anekant Education society’s
TULJARAM CHATURCHAND COLLEGE
DEPT. OF ZOOLOGY :- ORGANISED THE SEMINAR s
Mammalian reproductive Physiology
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TOPIC OF PRESENTATION:-infertility :- it causes and treatment.
Representation by –Mr.Sachin londhe Roll no:- 13953
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introduction• Infertility:- is the inability to produce
offspring .To carry pregnancy .To conceive child by natural process.Immature reproductive system (R .S)Defective R.S.Endocrine disorder .
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Infertility type• Primary infertility
–a couple that has never conceived.• Secondary infertility–infertility that occurs after previous
pregnancy regardless of outcome.–now is unable to conceive.
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Common causes for infertility• male
– Drugs– Tobacco– Health problems– Radiation/
Chemotherapy– Age– Over exersise – Enviromental factors
• Pesticides• Lead
• Female– Age – Stress– Poor diet– Athletic training– Over/underweight– Tobacco– Health problems– Enviromental factors
• Pesticides• Lead
alcoholic drinkGenetic disorders.
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In female
1.Abnormalities of ovary2.Abnormalities of uterus 3.Absence of ovulation
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Other disorders.
1. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
2. Ovarian dysfunction3. Hypothalamic disorder 4. Disorder of pituitary gland
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5.Local factors in the uterus and cervix- may interfere with implantation and
woman’s ability to carry pregnancy to term6.Luteal phase defect
- results in low production of progesterone- may lead to early miscarriage
7.Production of anti-sperm antibodies- can interfere with fertilization- Shows spermicidal activity
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Causes male infertility
1. Abnormal sperm:-2. Decreased sperm count 3. Obstruction of reproductive system Other causes :-4. Cryptorchidism 5. Trauma 6. Mumps 7. Alcoholism and drugs consumption 8. Hypothalamic and pituitary disorder .
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Treatment of the Infertile
Couple
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Inadequate Spermatogenesis
• Eliminate alterations of thermoregulation• Clomiphene citrate is occasionally used
for induction of spermatogenesis– 20% success
• In vitro fertilization may facilitate fertilization
• Artificial insemination with donor sperm is often successful
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Anovulation
• Restore ovulation– Administer ovulation inducing agents
• Clomiphene citrate– Antiestrogen– Combines and blocks estrogen receptors at the
hypothalamus and pituitary causing a negative feedback
– Increases FSH production • stimulates the ovary to make follicles
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Treatment Possibilities:Female Infertility
Ovulation disorders Ovulation-inducing drugs
Hyperprolactinemia Prolactin-suppressing drugs
Uterine and tubal abnormalities Surgical procedures
Cervical mucus problems Intrauterine insemination
Endometriosis Suppressing hormones or surgical procedure
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Treatment of Female Infertility:Ovulation Induction Agents
induces release of gonadotropins
Gonadotropins
Clomiphene citrate
Gonadotropin releasing hormone analogs
similar in structure to natural GnRH, provoke a massive release of GnRH into the circulation
human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG), which contains equal quantities of FSH and LH
Bromocriptine suppresses production of prolactin
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Treatment of Female Infertility:Intrauterine Insemination
A fertility procedure in which sperm are washed, concentrated and injected directly into a woman’s uterus.
Increases the number of sperm in the fallopian tubes
It fail when tubal blockage, poor egg quality, ovarian failure and severe male factor infertility
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Treatment of Female Infertility:Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART)
Noncoital methods of conception Includes all fertility treatments in which both eggs
and sperm are manipulated Types of ART include:
- In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)- Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer (ZIFT)- Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFT)
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ART: In Vitro Fertilization
Involves retrieving eggs and sperm from female and male partners and placing them in a lab dish to enhance fertilization
Fertilized eggs are transferred several days later into the uterus
Ovarian stimulation drugs are used prior to procedure in order to retrieve several eggs and maximize chances for successful fertilization
Success rates are about 20% per egg retrieval
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Basic Steps in IVF
•Ovary stimulation•Egg retrieval •Sperm retrieval-wash sperm•Fertilization•Embryo transfer•Progesterone
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ART: Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFT)
GIFT is a procedure that involves:- ovarian stimulation- retrieval of eggs- placing a mixture of sperm and eggs directly into the
woman’s fallopian tube GIFT does not allow visual confirmation of
fertilization Success rates per egg retrieval are about 28%
(higher than for IVF)
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ART: Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer (ZIFT)
ZIFT, also called tubal embryo transfer, is another variation of IVF
As with IVF, the actual fertilization takes place in a lab dish
Fertilized eggs are placed directly into a fallopian tube
Success rate is about 29% per egg retrieval
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Risks of ART?
• To woman–Overstimulation of ovary syndrome–Multiple pregnancies–Risk of ovarian cancer (clomid,
pergonal)• To baby -ICSI associated with problems (XYY)
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Treatment Possibilities: Male Infertility
Surgical treatment in some cases (varicocele) Intrauterine insemination can be performed either
with patient’s or donor’s sperm ART procedures:
- GIFT- IVF- ICSI
Donor semen should be free from STDs/HIV
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ART: Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)
Involves injection of single sperm into the egg The woman is administered fertility drugs prior to
the procedure to aid in the production of multiple eggs
Only active undamaged sperm are selected for injections
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ART: Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)(Continued)
Eggs are observed to see if fertilization takes place- average fertilization rate is 65%
Implantation into the uterus takes place within 72 hours after ICSI
Success rates range from 15% to 35% per egg retrieval
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ICSI
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Refrencess
• Medical physiology dr. N V Mishra
https://avirupguha.files.wordpress.com/2009/05/infertility1.html
http://www.hfea.gov.uk/infertility.html
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Questions?
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THANK YOU SO MUCH.