infectious reproductive diseases bvd = bovine viral diarrhea · 2018-01-22 · bvd = bovine viral...

GeorgePerry,SouthDakotaStateUniversity 11/29/17

2017RBCS,Cheyenne,Wyo. 1

w w w. i G r o w. o r g ® © 2015 South Dakota Board of Regents

George A. Perrya, Russell F. Dalyb, and Christopher C. Chaseb Department of Animal Science

Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Department

Influence of

Modified Live

Vaccines on

Reproductive

Performance in

Beef Cattle


EQUATION OF REPRODUCTION

1. Animals detected in heat and inseminated (%).

2. Inseminator efficiency (%). 3. Fertility level of the herd (%). 4. Semen fertility level (%).

90% x 95% x 90% x 95% = 73% 90% x 95% x 70% x 95% = 57%


Infectious Reproductive Diseases •   Bovine Viral Diarrhea

(BVD)

•   Infectious Bovine

Rhinotracheitis (IBR)

•   Trichomoniasis

•   Leptospirosis

•   Vibriosis

•   Neospora

! FetalinfecEon

! Pregnancyloss

! OvariandysfuncEon

! EstruscycledysfuncEon


BVD = Bovine Viral Diarrhea •   a “family of viruses”, many different strains

•   Reproductive symptoms:

–  Dependent on dam’s stage of gestation when

infected:

•   Early embryonic death; low conception rates

•   Persistently infected calves

•   Birth defects, stunted calves

•   Congenitally infected calves


Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis: “Red Nose,” IBR •   Agent = herpesvirus; may lay latent within

the animal

•   Symptoms

–  Late term (5th-9th month) abortion

–  Also causes respiratory symptoms, ocular

symptoms, vaginitis


Vaccination for IBR and BVD reproductive infections •   Combined with Vibrio + Lepto

•   30 days prior to breeding

•   Modified Live Vaccines dogma –   Better cell-mediated immunity (viral

infections)

–   Booster requirements more flexible

–   Live virus – handling and safety

•   Killed Vaccines dogma –   Better antibody-mediated immunity (bacterial

infections)

–   Need more frequent boosters

–   Safer




Adverse Effects of MLV IBR on Reproduction – Naïve Animals 1.  Live IBR injected into 8 heifers d. 1 after

estrus –   Ovarian necrosis in 7 (VanderMaaten & Miller, 1985)

2. MLV IBR vaccine IV into 8 heifers d. 1 after estrus –   CL and ovarian necrosis in 8 (VanderMaaten, et al, 1985)

3. MLV IBR vaccine IV into 18 heifers d. 4 after 2nd PGF –   CL and ovarian necrosis, inflammation in 14 (Smith, et al, 1990)

4. MLV IBR vaccine IV – or control - into 19 heifers day of 2nd PGF (Chiang, et al, 1990) –   Vaccinated heifers 3/10 calved, Control heifers 9/9 calved


Adverse Effects of MLV IBR on Reproduction – Naïve Animals 5. MLV IBR vaccine in 8 heifers d. 14 after

breeding –   Infertility, embryonic death, return to estrus in 4 (Miller et al, 1989)

6. MLV or Killed IBR vaccine in 59 heifers d. 1

of co-synch CIDR fixed time AI program (Perry et al, 2013)

–   MLV vaccine: 8/21 abnormal cycles; 10/21 calved

–   Killed vaccine: 3/28 abnormal cycles; 25/28 calved


Percent abnormal cycles

0 5

10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Two dose Virashield

One dose Virashield

BoviShield Control

Abno

rmal

Cyc

les;

%

a

a ab

b a vs b P < 0.03

Perryetal.,2013Therio79:200-2005


0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52

Prog

este

rone

(ng

,mL)

Day

ViraShield 2x ViraShield 1x BoviShield 1x Control

Abnormal Progesterone



Naïve heifer - Pregnancy Rates (AI)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

100

Two dose Virashield

One dose Virashield

BoviShield Control

Preg

nanc

y Su

cces

s; %

aa

ab*

b

a vs b P < 0.01; b* vs b P = 0.078



Second Service conception

0102030405060708090100

OneDoseVirashield TwodoseVirashield Bovishield

PregnancySuccess;%





What does this tell us about the virus and the ovary?

Estr

us

PGd25 GnRH

d28VaccinaEon

CIDR

PGd34

AIAId36d37

SecondService~d47to52


Effects on ovary extend past 1 estrus cycle

Don’tuseModified

Live

vaccinesatbre

edingor

synchroniza8on

innever-

vaccinatedheif

ers!


MLV in well vaccinated cows Animals(n=799)vaccinatedthreeEmespriortobreeding(Vista5)

Seconddose90dpriortopeakbreedingdayThirddoseeither40dor3dpriortopeakbreeding

Boltonetal.,2007VetTherap8:177-182

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Overallthroughday45

1stservice 2ndservice

ConcepEonrates

Day40 Day3

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Overall 1st+2ndservice

DaystoConcepEon

Day40 Day3


MLV in well vaccinated cows Heifers(n=295)werevaccinatedwithaMLV(CEVAX-8)vaccineeither30dor9dpriortothestartoftheAIbreedingprogram.

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Estrusexpression AIPregnant BreedingSeasonPregnant

Day30 Day9

Stormshaketal.,1997Therio47:997-1001


MLV vs Inactivated

0102030405060708090

100

40and10dprebreeding 61and31dprebreeding

BreedingseasonPregnancyRate,

%

MLV(ExpressFP5-VL5) IVV(CitadelVL5)

20%

difference

15%

difference

n=2010 2010

Walzetal.,1995Therio83:822-831


MLV (2x) vs Control

0

20

40

60

80

100

MLV(BoviShieldGoldFP5) Saline

BreedingSeasonPregnancy

Rate,%

20%

differe

nce

n=60 15

Walzetal.,2017Vaccine35:1046-1054




Multi-herd Study: Design ! StudytheeffectofvaccinaEononreproducEoninwell-vaccinatedanimals–detect<10%differenceinpregnancysuccess

! 1436cows/heifers–9herdsover2years! Blockedbyageandpreviouscalvingdatewithineachherd

! Allfemalespreviouslyvaccinatedpriortoeachbreedingseason

!  1304animalswithcalvingdata(132soldpriortocalvingfornon-reproreasons)

Perryetal.,2013JacobsJVetSciRes2:35-41


Multi-herd Study: Design ! 3treatments

! MLVIBR-BVD-PI3-BRSV+vibriolepto

! KilledIBR-BVD-PI3-BRSV+vibriolepto

! Saline

! VaccinatedaccordingtolabeldirecEons(30d.or30+60d.pre-breeding)



7

PG GnRH

0 9

GnRH

AI CIDR® cows60to66hours;heifers

52to56hours

treatment day

7

PG GnRH

0 9

GnRH


52to56hours

treatment day

Vaccination

-60

ViraShield6L5HB(Killed)

Bovi-ShieldGoldFP5L5HB(MLV)

Vaccination

-30

-30

Vaccination

7

PG GnRH

0 9

GnRH


52to56hours

treatment day

Control(Saline)

Saline Saline

-30 -60 Perryetal.,2013JacobsJVetSciRes2:35-41


Pregnancy Success

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

AI 56day Breedingseason

PregnancyRate,%

Hiefers80100120

a ab

bcc

bab ab baab a bc c abcHeifers -dpp

-dpp -dpp



Pregnancy Success

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%

AI 56day Breedingseason

PregnancyRate,%

BoviShieldSalineViraShield

aab b

aa

b bbab

abP=0.055

abP<0.01

abP=0.01



Calving by Group (n=1304)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

1to12 13to30 31+

CalvingRate,%

DayoftheCalving

BoviShield

Saline

ViraShield*

**P=0.09

P>0.41P>0.15





Multi-herd Study: Summary •   AI conception rates numerically better in

KV cows vs. MLV cows (p=.055) –   Saline group intermediate

•   56-day conception rates statistically better

in KV and saline cows vs. MLV cows

(p<0.01)

•   Breeding season pregnancy success

statistically better in KV cows vs. MLV

cows (p<0.01)


Which vaccine group has the best protection against IBR and BVD?

A.   Modified Live vaccine pre-breeding

B.  Killed vaccine pre-breeding



A=MLV(BoviShieldGoldFP5)n=30B=CA/IV(CalleMasterGoldFP5)n=30C=Salinen=15



Inactivated vs MLV preventing abortion

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%

BovishieldGoldFP5

CalleMasterGoldFP5

Control

Abo

rEon

Rate;%

a

a

b



Objective To evaluate whether a MLV vaccine

administered prebreeding would have

negative impacts on conception rates

compared to a combined chemically altered/

inactivated BHV-1/BVD vaccine (CA/IV) in

field conditions.




Experimental Design •   10 herds

•   1565 animals

–   Blocked by age and calving date within each herd

•   2 treatments

–  MLV or Combined chemically altered/inactivated BHV-1/BVD vaccine (CA/IV)

•   Pregnancy success and fetal age were determined between d 34 and 86 after AI, and >30 d after the breeding season by transrectal ultrasonography.


7

PG GnRH

0 9

GnRH

AI CIDR® cows60to66hours;

heifers52to56hours treatment day

7

PG GnRH

0 9

GnRH

AI CIDR® cows60to66hours;

heifers52to56hours treatment day

Vaccination

-89 to -27

CaJleMasterGoldFP5

Bovi-ShieldGoldFP5Vaccination

-89 to -27

AllheifershadreceivedasecondvaccinaEon27dayormorebeforethestartoftheprotocol


Influence of Days Postpartum on Pregnancy Success

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

AI BreedingSeason

PregnancySuccess;%

Heifers 60 80 100 120

ab

b

aa

ab

a aa

b

c


Influence of Treatment on Pregnancy Success

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

AI BreedingSeason

PregnancySuccess;%

BoviShield CalleMaster

P=0.05

P=0.95


Influence of Vaccination Interval on Pregnancy Success

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80


Concep

Eonrate,%

27to30 31to37 46to89

a aa a

b b


MLV in well vaccinated cows AnimalsvaccinatedthreeEmespriortobreedingseconddose90dpriortopeakbreedingday

thirddoseeither40dor3dpriortopeakbreeding

Boltonetal.,2007VetTherap8:177-182

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Overallthroughday45

1stservice 2ndservice

ConcepEonrates

Day40 Day3

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Overall 1st+2ndservice

DaystoConcepEon

Day40 Day3




MLV in well vaccinated cows HeiferswerevaccinatedwithaMLVvaccineeither30dor9dpriortothestartoftheAIbreedingprogram.

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Estrusexpression AIPregnant BreedingSeasonPregnant

Day30 Day9

Stormshaketal.,1997Therio47:997-1001


Influence of Vaccination Interval on Pregnancy Success

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80


Concep

Eonrate,%

27to30 31to37 46to89

a aa a

b b


CaJle:42daysfrompreantraltopreovulatorysize90daysfromac8va8ontopreovulatory


MLV in Well Vaccinated Dairy Cows

43.60%47%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

AICon

cepE

onRate,%

MLV(ExpressFP10) KV(Triangle10)

Vaccinated45dayspriortoAI

Walzetal.,2015JDairySci98:8753-8763


Conclusions •   MLV reproductive vaccines have the potential to

adversely affect reproduction

•   Evidence for adverse effects of MLV in well-

vaccinated herds is building

–   Responses may differ among herds

•   Proper heifer pre-conditioning helps mitigate these

effects •   Modified Live - Better cell-mediated immunity

•   Killed Vaccines - Better antibody-mediated immunity

•   Annual KV boosters = protection against disease

•   Before changing programs: get veterinary input

–   Disease prevention needs differ among herds


Questions?

infectious reproductive diseases bvd = bovine viral diarrhea · 2018-01-22 · bvd = bovine viral...

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