infection control.ppt
DESCRIPTION
Infection control re-echo seminar. template from presentationmagazine.comTRANSCRIPT
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WINTERTemplateINFECTION
CONTROLyoyen
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• 40% of entire p&p
• DOH and PhilHealth put so much importance on I.C.
• every health care institution they inspect
• come inspection time…
• how can we give something we don’t have?
Why Infection Control?
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Objectives
• At the end of this session, the participants will be able to:– Verbalize definitions related to infection control– List modes of transmission of infections and portals of
entry of bacteria– Explain precautions– Explain the worker’s role in preventing spread of
infections– Demonstrate proper hand washing technique
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What is Infection Control?
• concerned with preventing nosocomial or healthcare-associated infection
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Nosocomial Infection
• Develops when a patient is staying at a health care facility and was not present when the paitnet was admitted to the facility
• At least 5% of patients hospitalized each year in the US develop nosocomial infections. Many are preventable.
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04Chain of Infection
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Organisms
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Causative Agents
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Causative Agents
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Causative Agents
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Elimination
• Sterilizing surgical intsruments• Proper food preparation• Vaccination• Treatment• Good hand hygiene practice
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Reservoir
• Human beings
• Animals
• Inanimate objects (fomites)
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Portal of Exit
• Sputum• Vomitus• Stool• Blood
• Cover cough and sneezes• PPE’s• Appropriate dressing for wounds
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Transmission
• Contact– Direct contact – most frequent– Indirect contact – bet. Susceptible host and contaminated inanimate
object
• Droplet – large droplets containing microorganisms propelled at a short distance through the air (usu. <1 m)
• Airborne – evaporated droplets; suspended in air• Vector-borne – mosquitoes, flies, rats
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Portal of Entry
• Membrane• Skin break• GIT• GUT• Respiratory
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Susceptible Host
• People have better resistance to to disease when they are well rested, well fed and relatively stress free.
• Immuncompromised: w/ chronic disease, w/ invasive devices (tubes, catheters), malnourished, very old, very young, tired, under high stress, skin breaks, steroid therapy, HIV
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Hand Hygiene
• Still the single most effective way to prevent the spread of infection.
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Hand Hygiene
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Hand Hygiene
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Handwashing – areas missed
Taylor (1978) identified that 89% of the hand surface was missed and that the areas of the hands most often missed were the finger-tips, finger-webs, the palms and the thumbs.
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Four Moments of Hand Hygiene
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Standard Precautions (ma’am sheltex)
• First tier of precaution– Those designated for the care of all hospital patients regardless of their
diagnosis or presumed infection.– Primary strategy for reducing the risk of and controlling nosocomial
infections.– Apply to: blood, all body fluids, secretions, and excretions except sweat,
non intact skin and mucous membrane– All patient fluids can be infectious: concept– PPE
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Standard Precautions
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Transmission-Based Precautions
• Second tier of precaution• Instituted for patients who are known to be or suspected of
being infected with a highly transmissible infection
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Contact Precaution
• To reduce risk of transmitting infectious agents by direct or indirect object
• Gloves, gown, dedicated patient care equipment (thermometer, stethoscope, BP cuff)
• eg. Scabies, lice, MRSA, VRE, C. diff
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Droplet Precaution
• To reduce the risk of transferring infectious agents through large particle (5 micrometer or more) droplets
• Eg. Influenza, meningitis, diphtheria, rubella, neisseria meningitidis, some pneumonias, mumps, pertussis
• Large particles do not remain in air and travels 3 feet or less• Requires mask
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Airborne Precaution
• To reduce the risk of airborne transmission infectious agents• Eg. Measles, TB, varicella• Include special air handling and ventilation procedures to
prevent spread of infection.• Requires respiratory protection such as particulate respirator (
fits to a face and filters out organisms as small as 1 micrometer
• Negative air pressure isolation room• Doors closed
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Isolation and Universal Precautions
• Isolation precautions – special precautionary measures, practices and procedures used in the care of patients with contagious or communicable disease
• Universal precaution – refers to the practice of avoiding contact with patients’ body fluids, by means of wearing nonporous articles such as gloves and mask. All patients are considered possible carriers of blood-borne pathogens.
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• Mask during duty hours• ROD – will assess the patients whether
admission or transfer is needed• Isolation room – meningococcemia, SARS,
etc• Vital signs to be done in the isolation room• Handwashing
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Isolation Technique
• Prepare the isolation room• Laundry hamper and waste basket inside the room• Separate thermometer, sphymomanometer and
stethoscope inside the room• Put on gown and gloves if needed• Mask• Double bagging• Dishes and food trays
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Key Points about PPE
• Don before contact with the patient• Use carefully• Remove and discard carefully either at doorway
or outside room• Immediately perform hand hygiene• Discard if torn or damaged
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Sequence for Donning PPE
• Gown• Mask• Goggles• Gloves
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Sequence for RemovingPPE
• Gloves• Goggles• Gown• Mask
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What to do if exposed to blood/body fluids
• Puncture wounds should be washed immediately and the wound should be caused to bleed
• If skin contamination should occur, wash the area immediately
• Splashes to the nose or mouth should be flushed with water
• Eye splashes require irrigation with water or saline
• Complete an incident report. Report exposure to supervisor immediately.
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PPE
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Uniform and Work Clothing
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Safe Handling of Sharps (ma’am jasmin)
Single-handed scooping method
1. Place the needle cap on a hard, flat surface and remove your hand.
2. With one hand, hold the syringe and use the needle to scoop up the cap.
3. When the cap completely covers the needle, use the other hand to place the cap firmly on the hub of the needle.
4. Remove the capped needle from the hub.
5. Discard capped needle to sharp container.
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Sharps Container
• Empty container if ¾ full• 70% Zonrox
30% water
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Waste Segregation
• Black• Yellow• Green
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Gradual Phase-out of Mercury
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Gradual Phase-out of Mercury
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Gradual Phase-out of Mercury
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Gradual Phase-out of Mercury
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Nosocomial Infection
• Are infections that present themselves in hospitalized patients in whom the infection was not present nor incubating at the time of admission
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Prevention of Nosocomial Infection
• Frequent handwashing• PPE’s• Sanitation of surfaces after every shift• Isolation of pt (if necessary)• Health education• Sterilization of equipment• Limit duration of hospital stay as much as possible• Ongoing training
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Control of Nosocomial Infection
• All infectious materials (linen, clinical waste, lab waste, sharps) should be safely contained, destroyed or decontaminated
• Clean and dry instruments and equipment• Disinfect items in contact with mucous membranes, fluid and
potentially infectious materials• Environment = clean, dry, well-lighted and well-ventilated• Immunization• Isolation techniques• Reverse isolation• Proper food preparation• Control of vectors (insects, rodents)
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Isolation of Nosocomial Infection
• Isolation room @ the end of corridor
• PPE
• Handwashing
• Utensils: ?
• Room always closed
• Limit visitors
• During transport: pt must wear mask
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Asepsis
• A set of specific practices and procdeures performed under carefully controlled conditions with the goal of minimizing contamination by pathogens.
• OR technique/sterility
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Sterile single technique
• Single use syringes and needles for each injection only• Discard needle of syringe if package had been punctured, torn
or damaged• Discard bent or damaged needles• Never leave a needle inserted in the vial to withdraw multiple
doses
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Prevent contamination of injection
• Prepare each injection in clean area• Alcohol swab to clean vial cap or neck of ampule
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Treatment of Needlestick Injuries
• Do not apply pressure. Allow to bleed freely.• Wash with soap and water.• Any exposed mucous membranes should be flushed with large
amounts of water• Medical assessment• Blood tests, vaccination, medications• ATS, antibiotics• Report injury to supervisor• Counseling, periodic monitoring• Document (details, name, dept, date, etc..)• Sentinel report before end of shift• Advice from ICC
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Reuse and Recycle of Equipment
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Questions?
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Thank you!