Infancy and ChildhoodInfancy and Childhood

Chapter 3Chapter 3

ObjectivesObjectives

Describe the development of language.Describe the development of language.

Summarize the cognitive and emotional Summarize the cognitive and emotional development of children.development of children.

Describe theories of social development.Describe theories of social development.

Developmental PsychologyDevelopmental Psychology

Study of how an individual’s physical, Study of how an individual’s physical, social, emotional, moral, and intellectual social, emotional, moral, and intellectual development occur in stages throughout development occur in stages throughout the life cycle.the life cycle.

Developmental PsychologyDevelopmental Psychology

Study...Study... Nature vs. NurtureNature vs. Nurture

How much of who we are and what we do is a How much of who we are and what we do is a result of inheritance (heredity) or learning?result of inheritance (heredity) or learning?

CapacitiesCapacities

Many newborns are capable of certain inherited, Many newborns are capable of certain inherited, automatic, coordinated movements, known as automatic, coordinated movements, known as reflexes.reflexes. Grasping ReflexGrasping Reflex

Response to the touch of the palm of the handResponse to the touch of the palm of the hand Rooting ReflexRooting Reflex

Response to touch around the mouthResponse to touch around the mouth Infants suck, breathe air, and swallow milk twice a second Infants suck, breathe air, and swallow milk twice a second

without getting confused.without getting confused.

In two years, grasping and rooting will develop the In two years, grasping and rooting will develop the infant into one who can walk, talk, and feed infant into one who can walk, talk, and feed him/herselfhim/herself

MaturationMaturation

Internally programmed growthInternally programmed growth ““Schedule” of growthSchedule” of growth

Unless a child is persistently underfed, severely Unless a child is persistently underfed, severely restricted in his/her movements, or deprived of restricted in his/her movements, or deprived of human contact and things to look at, he/she will human contact and things to look at, he/she will develop more or less according to this schedule.develop more or less according to this schedule.

MaturationMaturation

Perceptual DevelopmentPerceptual DevelopmentNewborns notice their Newborns notice their bodies and bodies and surroundingssurroundings

Prefer looking at human Prefer looking at human faces and patterned faces and patterned materials mostmaterials most

Depth PerceptionDepth Perception Infants 6 months and Infants 6 months and

older refused to cross older refused to cross over an illusion of a cliff-over an illusion of a cliff-like drop offlike drop off

Younger infants, Younger infants, seemingly unafraid, seemingly unafraid, would crawl further, but would crawl further, but their heart rates would their heart rates would changechange

LanguageLanguage

Language and thought both use symbolsLanguage and thought both use symbols ““The sky is The sky is blueblue.” What is .” What is blueblue??

Animals, such as chimpanzees, can use Animals, such as chimpanzees, can use basic forms of human languagebasic forms of human language Sign language, keyboards, etc. (Kanzi)Sign language, keyboards, etc. (Kanzi) Learn how to express the symbol and know Learn how to express the symbol and know

the meaning of the symbolthe meaning of the symbol

Humans increase the complexity with Humans increase the complexity with grammar grammar

LanguageLanguage

Check for UnderstandingCheck for Understanding

Using a flow chart Using a flow chart like the one to the like the one to the right, describe the right, describe the steps involved in steps involved in learning language.learning language.

Case Study

The Case of Genie (p. 69)