Inequality

Outline

I. Inequality within the USII. Global InequalityIII. The importance of Equality

30.0

32.9

35.7

38.6

41.4

44.3

47.1

50.0

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Percentage of Total Income Earned by the Top 10 PercentUnited States (1970-2009)

Year

Pe

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nta

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Income Inequality within the US

CEO and Worker PayCEOs' pay as a multiple of the average worker's pay, 1960-2007

Source: Domhoff 2011

Wealth Concentration in the United States

Top 1 percent Next 19 percent Bottom 80 percent

1983 33.8% 47.5% 18.7%

1989 37.4% 46.2% 16.5%

1992 37.2% 46.6% 16.2%

1995 38.5% 45.4% 16.1%

1998 38.1% 45.3% 16.6%

2001 33.4% 51.0% 15.6%

2004 34.3% 50.3% 15.3%

2007 34.6% 50.5% 15.0%

Distribution of net worth and financial wealth

Source: Domhoff 2011

Financial Wealth in the United States

Top 1 percent Next 19 percent Bottom 80 percent

1983 42.9% 48.4% 8.7%

1989 46.9% 46.5% 6.6%

1992 45.6% 46.7% 7.7%

1995 47.2% 45.9% 7.0%

1998 47.3% 43.6% 9.1%

2001 39.7% 51.5% 8.7%

2004 42.2% 50.3% 7.5%

2007 42.7% 50.3% 7.0%

Source: Domhoff 2011

Wealth and Financial Wealth Distribution 2007

Source: Domhoff 2011

Every group except the top 1% had a smaller share of income in 2007 than they did in 1979, or just an equal share in the case of the 81st-99th percentile group. That means the gains in the top quintile are all concentrated in the top 1%.

Social Mobility

Inequality and Health

Inequality and Mental Health

Inequality and Drug Abuse

Inequality and Education

Inequality and Imprisonment

Inequality and Obesity

Inequality and Social Mobility

Inequality and Trust and Community Life

Inequality and Violence

Inequality and Child Well-Being

Distribution of Global Poverty: 1970

http://www.gapminder.org/downloads/human-development-trends-2005/

Distribution of Global Poverty: 1970

http://www.gapminder.org/downloads/human-development-trends-2005/

Distribution of Global Poverty: 2000

http://www.gapminder.org/downloads/human-development-trends-2005/

Causes of Global Mortality

2/6/11

Map of World Happiness

Note: The happiest country on earth is Denmark!

Inequality within countries

Distribution of income by region in 2000

Gini Coefficient• Gini

Coefficient is a common measurement of income inequality, ranging from 0 to 1, where 0 indicates equal distribution, and 1 indicates complete inequality

Global Map of Inequality within nations

Life expectancy vs. GDP per person 2010

Kuznets Curve RefutedRising Inequality within high income nations, and falling inequality within low income nations

Inequality trends in rich nations

Inequality in the US and UK has increased dramatically since the 1970s,

And rising inequality is not offset by greater upward mobility and change between economic categories.

But, this does not reflect a more general trend...

CountryGini coefficient percentage change (1990-2006)

Austria -10.7

Belgium 20.7

Denmark -3.4

Finland 20.0

France -5.9

Germany 5.1

Greece 2.1

Ireland -2.4

Italy 5.6

Luxembourg 12.1

Netherlands -2.3

Norway 10.8

Portugal 5.5

Spain 2.3

Sweden 3.5

Switzerland -10.7

UK 2.7

European Union 0.0