inee coordinator for minimum standards - the mimu · inee is an open, global network of...
TRANSCRIPT
Mission Statement INEE is an open, global network of practitioners and policy makers working together to ensure all persons the right to quality education and a safe learning environment in emergencies and post-crisis recovery. www.ineesite.org INEE Coordinator for Minimum Standards UNICEF - Education Section 3 United Nations Plaza New York, NY 10017 USA [email protected] www.ineesite.org
ta&;ay:umvynma&;twGufvlom;csif;pmemrIqdkif&mtzJGYtpnf;rsm;uGef&uf (Inter-Agency Network for Education
in Emergencies– INEE)onf ta&;ay:tajctaerS jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;umvwpfavQmuf t&nftaoG;&Sd
ynma&;ESifh ab;uif;vHkjcHKaom oif,lrIywf0ef;usifudk vlwdkif;&&Sdap&eftwGuf vufawGUaqmif&Gufolrsm;ESifh
rl0g'a&;qGJcsrSwfolrsm; twlwuG vufwJGaqmif&GufMuonfh rnfolrqdkyg0ifEdkifaom urÇmvHk;qdkif&muGef&ufjzpfonf/
INEE Steering Group onf uGef&uftwGuf OD;aqmifvrf;nTefrIay;onf? vuf&Sd Steering Group tzJGY0ifrsm;rSm CARE,
Children’s Fund, the International Rescue Committee (IRC), Refugee Education Trust (RET), Save the Children, Open Society Institute (OSI), UNESCO, UNHCR, UNICEF ESifh World Bank wdkUjzpfonf/
INEE Working Group on Minimum Standards onf ynma&;twGuftedrf hqkH;pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;-
BudKwifjyifqifjcif;? wkY H jyefjcif;? jyefvnfxlaxmifjcif; udk urÇmwpf0ef; taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Guf&mwGif
ulnDay;ygonf/ INEE Working Group (2009-2011) onf y#dyu©ESifh ab;tEÅ&m,ftajctaersm;qdkif&m
ynma&;uRrf;usifol tzJGYtpnf; 19ckjzifh zJGUpnf;xm;onf/ ,if;tzJGUtpnf;rsm;rSm- Academy for Educational
Development (AED), ActionAid, American Institutes of Research (AIR), Basic Education for Afghan Refugees (BEFARe), the Forum for African Women Educationalists (FAWE), Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ), the International Rescue Committee (IRC), Mavikalem Social Assistance and Charity Association, Norwegian Agency for Development (NORAD), Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC), Oxfam Novib, Plan International, Save the Children, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNICEF, War Child Holland, World Education, ZOA Refugee CarewdkYjzpfonf/
INEE onf uGef&ufpwifonfhtcsdefrSpí yHUydk;ulnDay;cJUaom tzJGYtpnf; 41zJGUausmfudk aus;Zl;wif&Sdygonf/
aus;Zl;wif&Sdol pm&if;tjynfhtpHkudk INEE website: www.ineesite.org wGifawGU&SdEdkifygonf/
ta&;ay:umvynma&;twGuf axmufcHwifjyol? yHhydk;ulnDol? taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&GufoltzJGYtpnf;rsm;rS
pdwf0ifpm;oltm;vHk;tm; INEE u MudKqdkygonf/ INEE website: www.ineesite.org/join wGif tzJGU0iftjzpf
pm&if;oGif;Edkifygonf/ tzJGU0ifjzpf&ef 0ifaMu;ay;&ef odkUr[kwf wm0ef,l&ef rvdkyg/
owif;tcsuftvuf ydkrdk&&Sdvdkygu INEE website: www.ineesite.org wGifawGU&SdEdkifygonf? odkUr[kwf INEE
n§dEIdif;a&;rSL; (tedrfhqkH;pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;)udk [email protected] wGif qufoG,fEdkifygonf/
yxrtMudrfwnf;jzwfxkwfa0jcif; INEE© 2004
jyefvnfyHkEdSyfjcif;- INEE© 2006
jyefvnfyHkEdSyfjcif;- INEE© 2009
'kwd,tMudrfwnf;jzwfxkwfa0jcif; INEE© 2010
jrefrmbmomjyefqdkjcif; (Myanmar Translation)- 2011
jrefrmbmomjyefqdkjcif;- Ministry of Education, UNESCO, UNICEF, Save the Children, Recovery Coordination Centre
(Disaster Preparedness and Response Education Working Group) rsufESmzHk;"gwfyHkrsm;- Ministry of Education, UNESCO, UNICEF, Save the Children
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jyefvnfxlaxmifjcif;..............................................
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pHowfrSwfcsuf 2 – &if;jrpfrsm; ........................................
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pHowfrSwfcsuf 1 – n§dEdIif;aqmif&GufrI ...................................
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pHowfrSwfcsuf 2 – wkHYjyefrIenf;AsL[mrsm; ..................................
pHowfrSwfcsuf 3 – MuD;Muyfppfaq;jcif; ...................................
pHowfrSwfcsuf 4 – tuJjzwfjcif; .......................................
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e,fy,f 2 – ynmoif,lcGif hESif h oif,lrIywf0ef;usif .........................
pHowfrSwfcsuf 1 – ynmoif,lcGifhwef;wlnDrQ&&Sdjcif; ..........................
pHowfrSwfcsuf 2 – umuG,fapmifha&Smufjcif;ESifhcsrf;omokc&½Sdjcif; ..................
pHowfrSwfcsuf 3 – ynma&;taxmuftulypönf;rsm;ESifh 0efaqmifrIrsm; ..............
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e,fy,f 3 – oifMum;jcif;ESif h oif,ljcif; ................................
pHowfrSwfcsuf 1 - oif½dk;nTef;wrf;rsm; ...................................
pHowfrSwfcsuf 2 – oifwef;ay;jcif;?twwfynmqdkif&mzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufapjcif;ESifhyHhydk;ulnDjcif; ..
pHowfrSwfcsuf 3 – oifMum;-oif,lrIjzpfpOfrsm; ..............................
pHowfrSwfcsuf 4 – oif,lrI&v'frsm;udk ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif; .....................
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pHowfrSwfcsuf 2 – vkyfief;cGiftaetxm;rsm; ...............................
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e,fy,f 5 – ynma&;rl0g' .........................................
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aemufqufwGJ 3 – a0g[m&tnTef; .....................................
aemufqufwGJ 4 – wkHUjyeftMuHjyKvTm ....................................
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ta&;ay:umv ynma&;twGuf vlom;csif;pmemrIqdkif&m tzJGYtpnf;rsm;uGef&uf (Inter-Agency Network for
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5
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INEEtedrfhqkH;pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;udk rnfodk YazmfxkwfowfrSwfcJ hygovJ/
2003-2004 ckESpfwGif &yf&Gmtqifh? EdkifiHtqifh? a'otqifh yg0ifnSdEIdif;aqG;aEG;rIrsm;? INEE tD;ar;qufoG,frI
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6
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7
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8
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9
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10
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11
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12
13
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14
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15
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16
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17
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20
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a&&SnfwnfwHHhaom ynma&;wHkYjyefrIrsm; aqmif&Guf&mü omrefyl;aygif;yg0ifjcif; wpfckwnf;ESifh xda&mufrI
r&SdaMumif;udk tawGYtBuHKrsm;u oufaojyaeonf/ ta&;ay:tajctaersm;wGif tjynfht0 yl;aygif;yg0ifrIudk
&&Sd&ef cufcJwwfaomfvnf; ,if;udk &&Sdatmif a&S;½Ivkyfaqmif&ef ta&;BuD;onf/
vlwdkif;twGuf ynma&;&ydkifcGifhrsm;&&Sdap&ef ynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;onf ynma&;wHkYjyefrItwGuf
n§dEIdif;aqmif&GufrIudkf OD;aqmifoifhygonf/ EdkifiHwum vlom;csif;pmemrIqdkif&m yg0ifywfoufolrsm;taejzifhrl
ynma&;qdkif&m wm0ef&Sdolrsm;? vlrItzGJYtpnf;rsm;ESifh a'ocH yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufolrsm;tm; xdkolwdkY\
&yfwnfrSKu@udk rxdcdkufapbJ yHhydk;ay;jcif;ESifh pGrf;aqmif&nfwnfaqmuffjcif;wdkU jyKvkyfay;oifhonf/ ynma&;qdkif&m
wm0ef&Sdolrsm;u aqmif&Guf&ef cufcJaomtajctaersdK;wGif vlom;csif;pmemrIqdkif&m tzGJYtpnf;rsm;
n§dEIdif;aqmif&GufrI aumfrwD\ oabmwlnDcsufjzifh Education Cluster odkYr[kwf tjcm;u@tvdkuf
n§dEIdif;aqmif&GufaomtzJGUudk wm0efay;tyfEkdifonf/ ynma&;wHkYjyefrItwGuf n§dEIdif;aqmif&Gufjcif;onf tcsdefESifh
wpfajy;nD jzpffoifhonf? yGifhvif;jrifomoifhonf? tusKd;&v'fudk a&SU½Ioifhonf? ab;'Pfoifh &yf&Gmvlxkudk
wm0efcHoifhonf/
21
&yf&Gma'o\ qufpyftajctaeESifh ta&;ay:tajctae\ tqifhqifh ajymif;vJjzpfay:wwfaom obm0wdkYudk
rSefuefpGm pdppfydkif;jcm;em;vnfrSom ynma&;wHkYjyefrIrsm;onf xda&mufjyD; ]rnfonfh xdckdufepfemrIudkrQ
rjzpfay:apEdkifyg}/ ynma&;u@ pdppfydkif;jcm;jcif;udk tjcm;u@rsm; pdppfydkif;jcm;jcif;ESifhwGJzufí jyKvkyfoifhonf/
&nf&G,fcsufrSm ta&;ay:tajctae\ obm0? jzpfay:&onfh taMumif;&if;rsm;? &yf&Gmvlxktay: oufa&mufrSK?
EdkifiHawmf tzJGUtpnf;rsm;\ Oya'a&;&mESifh vlom;csif;pmemrIqdkif&mwm0efrsm;udk jznfhqnf;EdkifpGrf;tm;wdkYudk
od&Sd&efjzpfonf/ pdppfydkif;jcm;rIwGif pD;yGm;a&;tajctae? bmoma&;ESifh &yf&Gma'o\ ,HkMunfrIrsm;? vlrIa&;
tavhtxrsm;ESifh usm;-ru@qufEG,frIrsm;? EkdifiHa&;ESifh vHkNcHKa&;qdkif&m tcsuftvufrsm;? &ifqdkifajz&Sif;Edkifonfh
,EÅ,m;rsm;ESifh tem*wfzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrItwGuf arQmfrSef;csufrsm;udkyg xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;oifhonf/ xdcdkufcH&vG,frSK?
vdktyfcsufrsm;? &ydkifcGifhrsm;ESifh ab;'Pfoifholrsm;\ pGrf;aqmif&nfrsm;? &yf&Gma'owGif; &Edkifaom&if;jrpfrsm;?
oif,loltm;vHk;twGuf ynma&;0efaqmifrI uGm[csufrsm;udkvnf; azmfxkwfoifhonf/ &yf&Gma'owGif;
usa&mufavh&Sdonfh ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;ESifh ywfoufí &yf&Gmvlxk\ A[kokwESifh umuG,fEdkifpGrf;? wHkYjyefEdkifpGrf;wdkYudk
odem;vnf&rnfhtjyif &yf&Gmvlxk\ vdktyfaeao;aom pGrf;aqmif&nfrsm;udk od&Sd&efta&;MuD;onf/
owif;tcsuftvuf pkaqmif;jcif;ESifh pdppfydkif;jcm;jcif;onf ta&;ay:tajctaerS jyefvnfxlaxmifjcif;tqifhxd
yGifhvif;jrifomjyD; trsm;jynfol&&Sd toHk;jyKEdkifaom? usm;-r? touft&G,ftkyfpkponfjzifh tao;pdwfcGJjcm;xm;onfh
ynma&;qdkif&m tcsuftvufrsm;udk xkwfESkwfay;pGrf;Edkifoifhonf/ odkU&mwGif þodkUjyKvkyfjcif;onf y#dyu©ESifh
rNidrfoufrIrsm;udk r&nf&G,fbJ jzpfay:apEdkifojzifh xdkodkYrjzpfatmif owdjyKa&Smif&Sm;oifhonf/ ynma&;wHkYjyefrIrsm;?
tajctae tcsdeftcgtavsmuf jzpfay:vmaom ynma&;vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;í yHkrSef ppfaq;MuD;Muyfjcif;ESifh
tuJjzwfjcif;wdkUudk aqmif&Guf&mwGif vlwdkif;tusKH;0ifjyD; yGifhvif;jrifomrSK &Sdoifhonf/ tawGUtBuHKrsm;rS &&Sdaom
oifcef;pmrsm;tygt0if ppfaq;MuD;Muyfjcif;ESifh tuJjzwfjcif;tpD&ifcHpmrsm;udk tem*wf ynma&;wHkYjyefrIrsm;
ydkrdkaumif;rGefap&ef rQa0ay;oifhonf/
22
t"duvkyfief;rsm; (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpkrsm;ESifh ,SOfwGJzwf½I&efjzpfonf)
• &yf&Gmvlxkonf ab;uif;vHkNcHKaom? xda&mufaom? wef;wlnDrQjzpfaom ynma&;jzpfap&eff
ynma&;vkyfief;rsm;udk OD;pm;ay; a&G;cs,f&mwGifvnf;aumif;? tpDtpOf a&;qGJ&mwGifvnf;aumif; wuf<upGm
yg0ifaqmif&Gufonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 rS 4 udk Munfhyg)/
• &yf&Gmvlxkynma&;aumfrwDwGif xdcdkufcH&vG,faomtkyfpkrsm;\ udk,fpm;vS,frsm;vnf; yg0ifonf (vrf;nTefcsuf
rSwfpk 1 rS 4 udkMunfhyg)/
• uav;rsm;ESifhvli,frsm;onf ynma&;qdkif&mvkyfief;rsm; zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;? taumiftxnfazmfa&;? ppfaq;
MuD;Muyfjcif;ESifh tuJJjzwffjcif;u@rsm;wGif wuf<upGm yg0ifaqmif&Gufonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 5 udk Munfhyg)/
• &yf&Gmvlxkkonf ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;? qufpyftajctaeudk pdppfydkif;jcm;jcif;? ynma&;vkyfief;rsm;tay:
vlrIa&;ydkif;qdkif&m oHk;oyfjcif;? b@maiG cGJa0oHk;pGJrSKtay: yl;wGJoHk;oyfjcif;? ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajc
avQmhcsjcif;ESifh y#dyu©jzpfyGm;rI avsmhyg;apjcif;vkyfief;rsm;wGif yl;aygif;yg0ifonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 6 udk
Munfhyg)/
• &yf&Gmvlxkonf oifwef;rsm;wufa&mufum pGrf;aqmif&nfwnfaqmufEdkifonfh tcGifhtvrf;rsm; &&Sdfonf
(vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 7 udk Munfhyg)/
vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpkrsm;
1/ vlwdkif;tusKH;0ifaom&yf&Gmvlxkyl;aygif;yg0ifjcif;/ / ynma&;qdkif&m wm0ef&Sdolrsm;ESifh ynma&;wGif
yg0ifywfoufolrsm; taejzifh ynma&;wHkYjyefrIrsm;udk pdppfydkif;jcm;jcif;? tpDtpOfa&;qGJjcif;? vkyfief;yHkpHcsrSwfjcif;?
taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&Gufjcif;? MuD;Muyfppfaq;jcif;ESifh tuJjzwfjcif;wdkYwGif &yf&Gmvlxk\yl;aygif;yg0ifrIudk
&&Sdatmif aqmif&Guf&rnfjzpfonf/ ab;'Pfoifh &yf&Gmvlxkonf touft&G,f? usm;-r? vlrsKd;? bmom?
vdifydkif;qdkif&mudkif;nTwfrI? roefpGrf;rI? HIVul;pufrI ponfhtcsufrsm;aMumifh cGJjcm;rcH&bJ yl;aygif;yg0ifcGifh
&Sdonf/
ynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;ESifh ynma&;wGifyg0ifywfoufolrsm;onf &yf&Gmvlxktm; atmufygwdkUudk
azmfxkwfowfrSwf&mwGif yg0ifapoifhonf/
- oif,loltm;vHk;\ ynma&;vdktyfcsufrsm;
- &yf&Gma'owGif;&Edkifaom aiGaMu;? ½kyf0w¬Kypönf;ESifh vlom;&if;jrpfrsm; - a,musfm;av;ESifh rdef;uav;? vli,fESifh vlBuD;rsm;tMum; vuf&SdqufqHa&;ESifh ajymif;vJaeaom qufqHa&; - bmompum; rwlol tkyfpkrsm;tMum;ESifh yg0ifaqmif&GufEdkifcGifh r&&Sdaom tkyfpkrsm;tMum; qufqHa&;
tygt0if &yf&Gmvlxk\ vIyf&Sm;aqmif&GufEdkifrIpGrf;tm; - vHkNcHKa&;qdkif&m udpö&yfrsm;? pdk;&drfaomursm;ESifh Ncdrf;ajcmufrIrsm;
&yf&Gmvlxkonf ynma&;wHkYjyefrIrsm;udk pdppfydkif;jcm;jcif;? tpDtpOfa&;qGJjcif;? vkyfief;yHkpHcsrSwfjcif;?
taumiftxnfazmfjcif;? ppfaq;MuD;Muyfjcif;ESifh tuJjzwffjcif;rsm;aqmif&Guf&mwGif wuf<upGm?
yGifhvif;jrifompGmESifh cGJjcm;rIuif;&Sif;pGm yl;aygif;yg0ifonf/
&yf&Gmvlxkyl;aygif;yg0ifrI pHowfrSwfcsuf 1/
yl;aygif;yg0ifrI
23
- ynma&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;? 0efxrf;rsm;ESifh oif,lolrsm;tm; vdiftMurf;zufrItygt0if jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom
wdkufcdkufrIrsm;&efrS umuG,f&efenf;vrf;rsm; - &yf&Gma'owGif; ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;? ab;uif;vHkNcHKí vufvSrf;rDaom ausmif;rsm;ESifh tjcm;aom
oif,l&mae&mrsm;twGuf ab;tEÅ&m,favsmhyg;apa&;qdkif&m &yf&Gma'owGif; udkifwG,fajz&Sif;enf;rsm; - touf&SifoefrI? y#dyu©jzpfay:aponfh taMumif;t&mrsm;ESifh t"du usef;rma&;jyóemrsm; ponfh
taMumif;t&mwdkUudk ynma&;wHkYjyefrI u@toD;oD;wGif xnfhoGif;ynmay;&efenf;vrf;rsm;
rdom;pk? &yf&GmvlxkESifh ausmif;rsm;tMum; odkYr[kwf tjcm;oif,l&mae&mrsm;tMum; ydkrdkcsdwfqufrdap&ef
vlwdkif;tusKH;0ifum yl;aygif;yg0if tBuHjyKaqG;aEG;Edkifaom tpDtpOfrsm; jyKvkyfoifhonf (&yf&Gmvlxkyl;aygif;
yg0ifrI pHowfrSwfcsuf 1\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 2 ESifh 3 (pmrsufESm 37-38) ? pdppfydkif;jcm;rI pHowfrSwfcsuf 1\
vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3? pdppfydkif;jcm;rI pHowfrSwfcsuf 2\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 5 (pmrsufESm 43)? pdppfydkif;jcm;rI
pHowfrSwfcsuf 3\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 rS 3 (pmrsufESm 45-47) ESifh pdppfydkif;jcm;rI pHowfrSwfcsuf 4\
vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3ESifh 4 (pmrsufESm 49) wdkYudkvnf;Munfhyg) /
2/ &yf&Gmynma&;aumfrwD/ / þaumfrwDonf &yf&GmvlxktwGif;&Sd oif,lolrsm;\ ynma&;qdkif&m vdktyfcsufESifh
&ydkifcGifhrsm;udk azmfxkwfjznfhqnf;ay;aomtzGJUudk &nfnTef;onf/ ]rdbq&mtoif;} odkYr[kwf ]ausmif;pDrH
cefYcJGrIaumfrwD} [laom trnfuGJrsm;vnf; &SdEdkifonf/ &yf&Gmvlxktm; avhusifhoifwef;ay;jcif;ESifh pGrf;aqmif&nf
wnfaqmuffay;jcif;jzifh vnf;aumif;? ynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;? ynma&;wGif yg0ifywfoufolrsm;ESifhtwl
ynma&;pDrHcsufrsm;wGif yl;aygif;yg0ifaqmif&Gufum yHUydk;ay;jcif;jzifh vnf;aumif;? &yf&Gma'oudk
ulnDay;Edkifonf/ &yf&Gmynma&;aumfrwDr&Sdao;vQif zGJUpnf;&ef wdkufwGef;oifhygonf (&yf&Gmvlxk yl;aygif;yg0ifrI
pHowfrSwfcsuf 1\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3 ESifh 7 udkvnf; Munfhyg) /
&yf&Gmynma&;aumfrwDwGif &yf&GmwGif;&Sdtkyfpkrsm;tm;vHk;udk udk,fpm;jyKoifhjyD; ,if;wGifatmufygyk* ¾dKvfrsm;
yg0ifEdkifonf/
- ausmif;pDrHtkyfcsKyfolrsm;? q&m^rrsm;ESifh 0efxrf;rsm;
- rdb?tkyfxdef;olrsm; odkYr[kwf uav;jyKpkapmifha&Smufolrsm; - uav;rsm;ESifh vli,fvl&G,frsm; - vlrSKtzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS 0efxrf;rsm; - tef*sDtdkrsm;ESifh bmoma&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm; - "avhxHk;wrf;tpOftvmt& acgif;aqmifrsm; - usef;rma&;vkyfom;rsm;
xdcdkufcH&vG,faom tkyfpkrsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;yg0if&efvnf; ta&;BuD;onf/ &yf&Gmynma&;aumfrwD0ifrsm;
a&G;cs,f&mwGif &yf&Gma'o\ qufpyftajctaeESifh udkuffnDrSK&SdNyD; trsKd;orD;? trsKd;om;? rdef;uav;?
a,musfm;av; rQwpGm yg0ifEdkifap&ef a&G;cs,foifhonf/
ta&;ay:tajctaersm;wGif wdkif;&if;om;rsm;? rsKd;EG,fpkrsm;? bmoma&;? vlrsKd;a&;ponhf vlrIa&;
uJGJjym;jcm;em;rIESifh pyfvsOf;í rw&m;tjrwfxkwfrSKrsm; jzpfvmEdkifonfhtwGuf &yf&Gmynma&;aumfrwDonf
,if;wdkUtm;vHk;ESifh vufwGJvkyfoifhonf/ tm;vHk;yg0ifaqmif&Gufjcif;udk &nfrSef;csufyef;wdkiftjzpfxm;aomfvnf;
24
wpfOD;csif; wpfzGJUcsif;pD\ ab;uif;vHkNcHKa&;udkvnf; OD;pm;ay;&rnf/ aumfrwDrsm;onf vlwdkif;twGuf
ab;uif;vHkNcHKum ormorwfusjyD; oifhavsmfaom ynma&;udk yHhydk;ay;&ef &nfrSef;csufxm;oifhonf/ xdkYtjyif
ajymif;vJaeaom vlrIpD;yGm;a&;ESifh EdkifiHa&;qdkif&m qufpyftajctaersm;ESifhywfoufí tMum;tjrif
A[kokw&SdoifhNyD; oufqdkif&mtqifhtoD;oD;&Sd qHk;jzwfcsufcsEdkifolrsm;ESifh qufoG,faqmif&Gufoifhonf
(pdppfydkif;jcm;rI pHowfrSwfcsuf 1\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3 (pmrsufESm 37-38) udkMunfhyg)/
3/ &yf&Gmynma&; aumfrwD0ifrsm;\ tcef;u@ESifhwm0efrsm;/ / &yf&Gmynma&; aumfrwD0ifrsm;\
tcef;u@ESifh wm0efrsm;udk &Sif;vif;pGm owfrSwfxm;oifhonf/ ,if;wdkYwGif atmufyg taMumif;t&mrsm;
yg0ifEdkifonf/
- ajz&Sif;aqmif&Guf&rnfh udpö&yfrsm;twGuf yHkrSefawGUqHkpnf;a0;jcif;
- tpnf;ta0;rSwfwrf;? qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk odrf;qnf;xm;jcif; - &yf&Gmvlxk\ aiGaMu;ESifh ypönf;vSL'gef;rIrsm;&&Sd&eftwGuf aqmfMopnf;½Hk;jcif; - ynma&;tpDtpOfrsm;onf oif,lolrsm;\ vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifh &ydkifcGifhrsm;udk tav;xm;aMumif;
jyqdk&eftwGuf touft&G,f? ,Ofaus;rIESifh oifhavsmfaom csOf;uyfenf;rsm;udk owfrSwfjcif;? Oyrm-
&yf&Gm\ qufpyftajctaeudk xif[yfjyD; vdktyfygu jyKjyifajymif;vJEdkifaom ausmif;jyu©'def?
touft&G,fESifh udkufnDaom oif½kd;nTef;wrf;rsm; - &yf&GmvlxkESifh &yf&GmjyifyrS qHk;jzwfcsufcsrSwfolrsm;tMum; qufqHa&;ydkrdkaumif;rGefap&ef &yf&Gm?
jynfe,f̂ wdkif;a'oMuD;? EdkifiHtqifh ynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;ESifh qufoG,faqmif&Gufjcif; - ynmoif,lcGifh&&Sd&efESifh t&nftaoG;&Sdynma&;jzpfap&ef wm0ef&Sdolrsm;u wm0efcHap&ef aqmif&Gufjcif; - t&nftaoG;&Sdaom oifMum;jcif;ESifh oif,ljcif;twGuf ynma&;yHhydk;rIrsm;udk ppfaq;MuD;Muyfjcif; - oif,lrSK tcGifhtvrf;rsm;wGif yg0ifol? ryg0if olwdkYESifhywfoufNyD; usm;-r? touft&G,ftkyfpkponfjzifh
tao;pdwfcJGjcm;xm;aomowif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk pkaqmif;jcif;ESifh ppfaq;MuD;Muyfjcif;
- 0efxrf;rsm;ESifh ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm; ausmif;oGm;ausmif;jyef ab;uif;vHkNcHKap&ef tm;jznfh
aqmif&Gufay;jcif; - ynma&;yHhydk;rIrsm;wGif ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajc avsmhyg;a&;vkyfief;udk xnfhoGif;ay;jcif; - oifhawmfaom vlrIpdwfydkif;qkdif&m yHhydk;rIrsm;&&Sd&efaqmif&Gufay;jcif; (pdppfydkif;jcm;rIpHowfrSwfcsuf 1\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3 (pmrsufESm 37-38) udkfvnf; Munfhyg) /
4/ &yf&Gma'oynma&;vkyfief;pDrHcsuf/ / &yf&Gma'oqdkif&m ynma&;wm0ef&Sdolrsm;? &yf&GmvlxkESifh &yf&Gm
ynma&;aumfrwDrsm; yl;aygif;yg0ifrIjzifh ynma&;vkyfief;rsm;udk OD;pm;ay;tqifhowfrSwfjyD; tpDtpOfrsm;
csrSwfum &yf&GmtajcjyK ynma&;vkyfief;pDrHcsuf a&;qGJoifhonf/ EdkifiHtqifh ynma&;pDrHudef;&Sdygu
&yf&GmtajcjyK ynma&;vkyfief;pDrHcsufonf ,if;tay:wGif tajccHNyD; ausmif;oifynma&;ESifh ausmif;jyify
ynma&; tpDtpOfrsm;\ t&nftaoG;udk wdk;jr§ifh&ef rlabmiftjzpf &nfnTef;oifhonf/ &yf&GmtajcjyK ynma&;
vkyfief;pDrHcsufonf ab;'PfoifhcJhaom &yf&Gmvlxk (txl;ojzifh xdcdkufcH&vG,folrsm;) \ vdktyfcsufrsm;?
&ydkifcGifhrsm;? ylyifaomursm;ESifh wefzdk;xm;rIrsm;udk xnfUoGif;pOf;pm;aqmif&Gufonf/
25
ynma&;vkyfief;pDrHcsufonf ynma&;tqufrjywfap&ef tav;ay;onf/ ,if;pDrHcsufwGif atmufyg
&nf&G,fcsufrsm; yg0ifEdkifonf/
- aqmif&Guf&rnfh vkyfief;rsm;? tnTef;udef;rsm;? &nfrSef;&v'frsm;ESifh tcsdefowfrSwfcsufrsm;tygt0if
oifMum;-oif,lrI ywf0ef;usifESifh pyfvsOf;í trsm;oabmwl vufcHaom tjrifudk jzpfay:apjcif;
- y#dyu©ESifh ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajc avQmhcsa&;udk qDavsmfpGm xnfhoGif;jcif;jzifh qufpyftajctaeESifh
udkufnDaom oif½dk;nTef;wrf;udk jyifqifjcif;
- 0efxrf;cefYxm;jcif;? BuD;Muyfjcif;ESifh oifwef;ay;jcif;? epfemaMu;ESifh yHhydk;rSKrsm;ay;jcif;wdkUtwGuf
vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;udk oabmwlnDjcif;
- ynma&;udk &Edkif&rnf? vufvSrf;rD&rnf? qDavsmfatmif jyKjyifEdkif&rnf? vufcHEdkif&rnf[k trsm;u
oabmwl em;vnfvmap&efESifh cGJjcm;qufqHjcif;udkavQmhcs&ef vlYtcGifhta&; tajcjyK csOf;uyfenf;udk
OD;pm;ay;jcif;
- ynma&;vkyfief;rsm;udk umuG,fay;&efESifh ab;uif;vHkNcHKjyD; yHhydk;rSK&Sdaom oif,lrIywf0ef;usifjzpfay:ap&ef
aqmif&Gufrnfh OD;pm;ay;vkyfief;rsm;tay: trsm;u oabmwlnDjyD; vufcHaqmif&Gufjcif;
- ynma&;&ydkifcGifhudk umuG,fapmifha&Smufay;&rnfholrsm;jzpfaom ynma&;qdkif&m wm0ef&Sdolrsm;ESifh
ynma&;wGif yg0ifywfoufolrsm;\ vkyfief;rsm;ESifh wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;udk wduspGmazmfjyjcif;?
,if;vkyfief;rsm;ESifh wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;wGif &if;jrpfrsm;udk aqmfMopnf;&Hk;&,ljcif;? tajccHtaqmufttHkrsm;udk
xdef;odrf;jcif;ESifh zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufapjcif;? pm;eyf&du©mzlvHkrI? usef;rma&;? wpfudk,fa&oefY&Sif;rI? tm[m&?
a&&&SdrIESifh ywf0ef;usif oefY&Sif;a&;ponfh wHkYjyefrSKrsm;udk aqmif&Gufaom u@rsm;? jyifytzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh
n§dEIdif;aqmif&Gufjcif;wdkY yg0ifonf/
&yf&Gmvlxk\ yl;aygif;yg0ifrIudk xdef;xm;Edkif&ef vkyfief;pDrHcsufrsm;wGif &yf&Gmvlxkyg0ifaom yHkrSef
ppfaq;MuD;Muyfjcif;ESifh tuJjzwfjcif;wdkYudk xnfhoGif;oifhonf (n§dEIdif;aqmif&Gufjcif;pHowfrSwfcsuf 1 (pmrsufESm
31-34)? pdppfydkif;jcm;rIpHowfrSwfcsuf 1\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3 (pmrsufESm 37-38)? q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;
ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm; pHowfrSwfcsuf 2 (pmrsufESm 98-100)? ynma&;rl0g'pHowfrSwfcsuf 1\ vrf;nTefcsuf
rSwfpk 6 (pmrsufESm 110)? ynma&;rl0g'pHowfrSwfcsuf 2 \ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3 (pmrsufESm 113)? Water
Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion, Food Security and Nutrition, and Health Action ESifh pyfvsOf;aom
Sphere pHowfrSwfrsm;udkvnf; Munfhyg)/
5/ ynma&;vkyfief;rsm;wGifuav;rsm;ESif hvli,frsm;yl;aygif;yg0ifjcif;/ / uav;rsm;ESifh vli,frsm;onf
ynma&;pepf pDrHcefUcGJjcif;ESifh zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrSK tygt0if 4if;wdkY\ b0tay: oufa&mufrI&SdEdkifonfh udpö&yfrsm;udk
ajymqdkydkifcGifh&Sdonf/ ab;uif;vHkNcHKí aEG;axG;rSK&Sdaom ywf0ef;usifESifh tjyKoabmaqmifaom aqG;aEG;rSKyHkpHudk
zefwD;ay;jyD; uav;rsm;ESifh vli,frsm;tm; yl;aygif;yg0ifaqG;aEG;&ef zdwfMum;oifhonf/ uav;rsm;ESifh
vli,frsm;tm; 4if;wdkU\b0ESifh ywfoufí xkwfazmfajymqdkEdkif&ef tEkynm? *DwESifh jyZmwfuJhodkYaom
,Ofaus;rIESifh qDavsmfonfhenf;vrf;rsm; toHk;jyKjcif;jzifh ulnDay;Edkifonf (ynma&;rl0g' pHowfrSwfcsuf 1\
vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 ESifh 6 (pmrsufESm 107-108 ESifh 110) udkvnf; Munfhyg) /
uav;rsm;ESifhvli,frsm;tm; 4if;wdkY udk,fwdkifESifh rdom;pk0ifrsm;? taygif;toif;rsm;\ udk,f? pdwf? vlrIa&;qdkif&m
csrf;omokcrsm;udk umuG,fyHhydk;ay;Edkiff&ef avhusifhay;oifhonf/ uav;rsm;ESifhvli,frsm;onf ta&;ay:tajctae
26
jzpfjyD;aemuf ausmif;rwufEdkifolrsm;udk azmfxkwfay;jcif;ESifh xdkolwdkYtm; ausmif;wufEdkifatmif ulnDay;jcif;wdkUudk
jyKvkyfay;Edkifonf/ xdkUtjyif xdcdkuf'Pf&m&olrsm;? roefpGrf;olrsm;tm; ynma&;qdkif&m tcGifhtvrf;rsm;udk
vufvSrf;rDap&ef ulnDay;Edkifonf/ Nidrf;csrf;rSKwnfaqmufjcif;? y#dyu©ESifh obm0ab;tEÅ&m,frsm; jzpfyGg;&jcif;
taMumif;&if;rsm;udk ajz&Sif;avQmhcsjcif;tygt0if aumif;aom ajymif;vJjcif;rsm; pwifaqmif&GufEdkif&ef vdktyfonfh
pGrf;aqmif&nfrsm;udk tav;ay; wnfaqmufay;oifhonf/ Oyrm- avhusifhoifwef;ay;jcif;jzifh uav;rsm;ESifh
vli,frsm;onf oif,lrIywf0ef;usifü vGJrSm;pGmjyKrljcif;udk umuG,fwm;qD;Edkifvmrnf? owif;ydkYwwfvmrnf?
taygif;toif;rsm;tMum; aphpyfzsefajzay;jcif; odkYr[kwf y#dyu©ajz&Sif;jcif;wdkYudk aqmif&Gufwwfvmrnf
(&yf&Gmvlxkyl;aygif;yg0ifrIpHowfrSwfcsuf 1 \ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 7? ynmoif,lcGifhESifhoif,lrIywf0ef;usif
pHowfrSwfcsuf 2 (pmrsufESm 61-67)? q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm; pHowfrSwfcsuf 3 \
vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 5 ESifh 6 (pmrsufESm 102) udkvnf; Munfhyg) /
vli,frsm;onf yHhydk;ypönf;rsm; jzefYa0jcif;? cdkvIH&mae&mrsm; wnfaqmufjcif;uJhodkYaom vkyfief;rsm;wGif
yl;aygif;yg0ifvmjcif;jzifh 4if;wdkY\&yf&GmtwGuf ta&;ygaom tpDtpOfrsm;a&;qGJjcif;ESifh taumiftxnfazmfjcif;
vkyfief;rsm;wGif yg0ifEdkifcGifh &&Sdvmonf/ ,if;odkY tjyKoabmaqmifonfh vkyfief;rsm;wGifyg0ifjcif;jzifh
&mZ0wfrIrsm;? vufeufudkiftkyfpkrsm;ESifh ywfouffrSK enf;yg;vmEdkifonf/ vlrIpdwfydkif;qdkif&m tusKd;aus;Zl;rsm;
&&SdvmNyD; &yf&Gmvlxku vli,frsm;\ yg0ifaqmif&GufrIudk ydkrdktodtrSwfjyKvmMuonf/ txl;ojzifh
uRrf;usifrSKrsm;ESifh oufarG;ynm&yfrsm;udk avhusifhoifMum;ay;jcif;ponfh ynma&;tpDtpOfrsm;udk a&;qGJjcif;?
ppfaq;MuD;Muyfjcif;ESifh tuJjzwfjcif;wdkYwGif vli,frsm;yg0ifvmjcif;jzifh ynma&;tpDtpOfrsm;onf 4if;wdkY\
vwfwpfavmESifh a&&Snfvdktyfcsufrsm;udk jznfhqnf;ay;Edkifonf/ rdef;uav;rsm;ESifh trsKd;orD;i,frsm;Y\
ynmoif,lrSKtcGifhvrf;ESifh ynma&;qdkif&m vdktyfcsufrsm;onf a,mufsm;av;rsm;? vli,ftrsKd;om;rsm;ESifh
uGmjcm;EdkifaomaMumifh rdef;uav;rsm;tm; 4if;wdkU\vdktyfcsufrsm;udk zGifh[ajymqdk&ef wdkufwGef;tm;ay;oifhonf
(SEEP Network Minimum Standards for Economic Recovery after Crisis rS Employment Creation standard ESifh
Enterprise Development standards wdkYudkvnf; Munfhyg)/
6/ vlrIa&;ydkif;qdkif&moHk;oyfjcif; (social audits) / / vlrIa&;ydkif;qdkif&moHk;oyfjcif;rsm;onf ynma&;tpDtpOfudk
&yf&Gmvlxkudk tajcjyKum tuJjzwfjcif;rsm;yif jzpfonf/ ,if;wGif-
- tpDtpOftwGuf &&SdEdkifaom vltiftm;? aiGaMu;ESifh ypönf;rsm;owfrSwfjcif;
- vdktyfcsuf? uGm[csufrsm;udk azmfxkwfjcif; - tpDtpOf\ xda&mufrIudk ppfaq;MuD;Muyfjcif; wdkUyg0ifonf/
ta&;ay:tajctae\ tpydkif;ESifh tv,fydkif;umvrsm;wGif þppfaq;rIrsm;udk jyKvkyf&ef rjzpfEkdifyg/ odkYaomf
ta&;ay:tajctae aemufydkif;umv odkYr[kwf jyefvnfxlaxmifa&; tapmydkif;umvrsm;wGif vlrIa&;ydkif;qdkif&m
oHk;oyfjcif;jzifh &yf&Gmvlxktm; ynma&;tpDtpOfrsm;udk ydkrdkxda&mufpGm ppfaq;MuD;MuyfEdkifapjyD;? vlYtcGifhta&;
csKd;azmufjcif;rsm; (&SdcJhygu) rSwfwrf;wifEdkifaprnf jzpfonf/ vli,frsm; (txl;ojzifh ausmif;oifynma&;ESifh
ausmif;jyify ynma&;wGif yg0ifEdkifjcif; r&Sdolrsm;) udk þoHk;oyfrIIrsm;wGif yg0ifapjcif;onf qDavsmfrI&SdjyD;
vdktyfcsuf? uGm[csufrsm;udk od&SdazmfxkwfEdkifonf/ oHk;oyfrI&v'frsm;udk &yf&GmvlxkESifh oufqdkif&m
wm0ef&Sdolrsm;odkU today;&ef ta&;BuD;onf (pdppfydkif;jcm;rIpHowfrSwfcsuf 4 (pmrsufESm 48-49) udkvnf;
Munfhyg) /
27
7/ pGrf;aqmif&nfwnfaqmufjcif;/ / pGrf;aqmif&nfwnfaqmufjcif;qdkonfrSm vltrsm;ESifh tzGJUtpnf;rsm;tm;
4if;wdkY\ &nfrSef;csuf jynfhrD&ef vdktyfonfh A[kokw? pGrf;&nf? uRrf;usifrIrsm;ESifh tjyKtrlrsm;udk
jznfhqnf;ay;jcif; jzpfonf/ ab;'Pfoifh &yf&GmvlxktwGif;&Sd q&m^rrsm;? tjcm; ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;ESifh
oif½dk;nTef;wrf;a&;qGJolrsm; tygt0if ynma&;uRrf;usifynm&Sifrsm;udk az:xkwfjyD; 4if;wdkUudk ynma&;tpDtpOf
a&;qGJjcif;ESifh taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&Gufjcif;wdkYwGif yg0ifvmap&ef tm;xkwfoifhonf/ &yf&Gma'owGif;ü
uRrf;usifol tvHktavmuf r&SdvQif odkYr[kwf 4if;wdkUu ynma&;pepf (jyefvnf) wnfaqmuf&mwGif yg0ifEdkifpGrf;
odkUr[kwf yg0ifvdkjcif;r&SdvQif &yf&Gmvlxktm; pGrf;aqmif&nf wnfaqmufay;oifhonf/ xdcdkufcH&vG,faom
tkyfpkrsm; tygt0if &yf&GmvlxktwGif;&Sd a,musfm;av;? rdef;uav;? vli,f? vlBuD; tm;vkH;\ uGJjym;jcm;em;aom
pGrf;aqmif&nfrsm;? vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifh wkHYjyefrIrsm;udk pdppfoifhonf/ &yf&GmtwGuf oifwef;tpDtpOfa&;qGJ&mwGif
4if;wdkU\ pGrf;aqmif&nfqdkif&m vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifh ,if;wdkYudk jznfhqnf;Edkifonfhenf;vrf;rsm;udk pdppfoifhonf/
þodkYjyKvkyfjcif;jzifh &yf&GmvlxkwGif ynma&;tpDtpOfrsm;udk rdrdwdkYvkyfief;uJhodkY vkyfaqmifvdkpdwfESifh
a&&Snfxdef;odrf;vdkpdwfrsm; jzpfay:vmjyD; tjcm;u@rsm;ESifh wdk;jr§ifhnd§EIdif;aqmif&Gufvmaponf/
28
t"duvkyfief;rsm; (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpkrsm;ESifh ,SOfwGJzwf½I&efjzpfonf)
• t&nftaoG;&Sdynma&;udk vufvSrf;rDa&; jrSifYwifay;Ekdif&ef &yf&Gmvlxk? ynma&;0efxrf;rsm;ESifh oif,lolrsm;onf
&yf&Gma'otwGif; &Edkifaom&if;jrpfrsm;udk azmfxkwfowfrSwfjyD; aqmfMopnf;&kH;&,lonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 rS
3 udk Munfhyg)/
• ynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;? a'ocH&yf&GmvlxkESifh vlom;csif;pmemrIqdkif&m yg0ifywfoufolrsm;onf
vuf&SduRrf;usifrIrsm;ESifh A[kokwrsm;udk todtrSwfjyKNyD; 4if;wdkYudktaumif;qHk; toHk;csEdkifaprnfh ynma&;
tpDtpOfrsm;udk a&;qGJonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpkrsm; 4 rS 5 udk Munfhyg)/
• ab;tEÅ&m,favQmhcsa&;ESifh y#dyu©avsmhyg;apa&;yg0ifonfh ynma&;udk qDavsmfatmif jyKjyifydkUcs&ef
EdkifiHawmftzGJUtpnf;rsm;? a'ocH&yf&GmvlxkESifh vlom;csif;pmemrIqdkif&m yg0ifywfoufolrsm;onf
&yf&Gm&if;jrpfrsm;udk toHk;jyKonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 5 udk Munfhyg)/
vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpkrsm;
1/ &yf&Gma'o&if;jrpfrsm;/ / &yf&Gma'o&if;jrpfrsm;wGif &yf&Gm&Sd vltiftm;? todÓPfA[kokw&SdrSk? bmompum;?
aiGaMu;ESifh ypönf;wdkU yg0ifonf/ ynma&;wHkYjyefrIrsm;twGuf tpDtpOfa&;qGJjcif;jyKvkyf&mwGif &yf&Gma'otwGif;
&Edkifaom &if;jrpfrsm;udk azmfxkwfNyD; ,if;wdkYonf ynma&;wGif rnfodkYtoHk;0ifEdkifaMumif; pdppfqHk;jzwfoifhonf/
&yf&Gma'o&if;jrpfrsm;onf EdkifiHawmf\ wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;udk tpm;xdk;wm0ef,l&ef r[kwfyg/ &yf&Gma'o
&if;jrpfrsm;onf oifMum;-oif,ljcif;twGuf ab;uif;vHkNcHKrI? tcGifhtvrf;ESifh t&nftaoG;wdkYudk wdk;jr§§ifh
ay;Edkif&efjzpfonf/ ½kyfydkif;qdkif&m ulnDyHhydk;rIrsm;wGif uav;oli,fjyKpkysdK;axmifa&;Xmersm;? ausmif;rsm;ESifh
tjcm;oif,l&efae&mrsm; wnfaqmufjcif;? rGrf;rHxdef;odrf;jcif;ESifh jyifqifjcif;wdkYtwGuf ypönf;ESifhvkyftm;
yHhydk;rIrsm;yg0ifonf/ yHYydk;ulnD&mwGif oif,lolrsm;ESifh q&m^rrsm;? ulnDaqmif&Gufolrsm;ESifY uav;jyKpk
apmifha&Smufolrsm;twGuf vlrIpdwfydkif; yHhydk;rItygt0if tumtuG,fay;jcif;? pdwfydkif;? &kyfydkif;? vlrSkzlvHka&;ydkif;
qdkif&m yHYydk;ay;rSkrsm; yg0ifonf/ q&m^rrsm;udk ydkrdkMudK;pm; aqmif&Gufcsifpdwf jzpfay:vmatmif pnf;&Hk;
pkpnf;xm;onfh &if;jrpfrsm;rS vpmaiGESifh epfemaMu;rsm;ay;Ekdifonf/ &if;jrpfrsm; &,loHk;pGJrIrSwfwrf;rsm;udk
yGifhvif;jrifomrSKESifh wm0efcHEkdifrSKtwGuf odrf;qnf;xm;oifhonf/ uav;rsm;tm; t"r®cdkif;apjcif;?
acgif;yHkjzwfjcif;wdkU rjzpfap&ef ppfaq;MuD;Muyf&rnf (ynmoif,lcGifhESifh oif,lrIywf0ef;usif pHowfrSwfcsuf-2
(pmrsufESm 61-67) ? ynmoif,lcGifhESifh oif,lrIywf0ef;usifpHowfrSwfcsuf 3 \ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 rS 4
(pmrsufESm 68-70) ? ynma&;rl0g' pHowfrSwfcsuf 2 \ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 4 (pmrsufESm 113) udkvnf;
Munfhyg)/
touft&G,ftvdkufavsmfnDaom oif,lrSKtcGifhtvrf;rsm;&&Sda&;udk taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Guf&ef
&yf&Gma'o&Sd &if;jrpfrsm;udk azmfxkwfí aqmfMopnf;&kH;um toHk;csonf/
&yf&Gmvlxkyl;aygif;yg0ifrI pHowfrSwfcsuf 2/
&if;jrpfrsm;
29
2/ ynmoif,lcGif hESif hab;uif;vHkNcHKrIudkwdk;jr§if haqmif&Gufjcif;/ / ynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;? a'ocH
&yf&GmvlxkESifh vlom;csif;pmemrIqdkif&m yg0ifywfoufolrsm;onf &yf&Gmvlxktm; xdcdkufcH&vG,faom
uav;rsm;ESifh vli,frsm;udk az:xkwfjyD; 4if;wdkUausmif;wufEdkifa&;ESifh tjcm;oif,lrItcGifhtvrf;rsm;udk
yHkrSefvufvSrf;rD&&Sda&; twGuf tultnDay;&ef wdkufwGef;tm;ay;oifhonf/ Oyrm- trsKd;orD;tkyfpkESifh
vli,ftkyfpkrsm;u tEGrf;yg;qHk;aom rdom;pkrsm;rS uav;rsm;twGuf oifhawmfaom t0wftpm;rsm;yHhydk;jcif;?
uav;OD;aqmifaom rdom;pkrsm;tm; tpm;tpmrsm; yHhydk;jcif;wdkUjzpfonf/ ausmif;rsm;? uav;oli,f
jyKpkysdK;axmifa&;Xmersm;ESifh tjcm;oif,l&mae&mrsm;onf uav;rsm;ESifh vli,frsm;twGuf vHkNcHKNyD;
ab;uif;onfh ae&mrsm;jzpfap&ef &yf&GmvlxkESifh ynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm; vufwGJaqmif&Gufoifhonf/
4if;wdkYtaejzifh a0;vHacgifzsm; a'orsm;twGufvnf; ab;uif;vHkNcHKonfh oif,lcGifh&&Sda&;?
vrf;yef;qufoG,fa&;ESifh yHhydk;ay;a&;wdkYudk pkpnf;aqmif&GufEdkifonf/ roefpGrf; ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;twGuf
ynmoif,lcGifh wdk;jr§ifhay;Edkif&ef &kyfydkif;qdkif&m t[efYtwm;rsm;udk z,f&Sm;ay;oifhonf/ trsKd;orD;rsm;onf
rdef;uav;rsm;ESifh roefpGrf;olrsm; ausmif;wufEdkifa&;twGuf pmoifcef;tultjzpfvnf;aumif;?
aESmifh,Sufapmfum;jcif; rcH&atmif umuG,f apmifha&Smufay;olrsm; tjzpfvnf;aumif; yg0ifaqmif&GufEdkifonf/
vli,frsm;onf "avhxHk;pHaMumifhvnf;aumif;? umuG,fa&; taMumif;jycsufaMumifYvnf;aumif; i,f&G,folrsm;ESifh
twl ausmif;rwufEdkifaomtcg &yf&Gmvlxktaejzifh vli,frsm;twGuf touft&G,fwlcsif; ynmay;jcif;?
pufrSkvufrSkESifh oufarG;ynmoifwef;ESifh tao;pm;vkyfief;rsm; xlaxmifEkdif&efoifwef;ponfh ausmif;jyify
ynma&;vkyfief;rsm; vkyfaqmif&ef aqG;aEG;pDpOf aqmif&GufEdkifonf/ &yf&Gm&if;jrpfrsm;udk ab;tEÅ&m,f
jzpfEkdifajcavsmhcsa&; ynmay;jcif;? wHkYjyefrItwGuf BudKwifjyifqifjcif;wdkYESifh ywfoufaom
owif;tcsuftvufrsm; &,lpkaqmif;jcif;? qDavsmfatmif jyKjyifjcif;ESifh rQa0ay;jcif; wdkYtwGuf toHk;jyKoifhonf
(&yf&Gmvlxkyl;aygif;yg0ifrI pHowfrSwfcsuf 2 \ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 5? ynmoif,lcGifhESifh oif,lrIywf0ef;usif
pHowfrSwfcsuf 2 ESifh 3 (pmrsufESm 61-72) ? SEEP Network Minimum Standards for Economic Recovery after
Crsis, Enterprise Development standards udkvnf; Munfhyg) /
3/ a&&SnftwGuf pGrf;aqmif&nfwnfaqmufjcif;/ / ynma&;qdkif&myk* ¾dKvfrsm;ESifh &yf&Gmvlxkonf 4if;wdkU
a&&SnfusifhoHk;aqmif&Guf&rnfh tcef;u@ESifh wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;twGuf oifwef;rsm;wGif yg0ifoifhonf/
,if;oifwef;rsm;wGif &if;jrpfrsm;aqmfMopnf;&Hk;jcif;ESifh pDrHcefYcGJjcif;? yHhydk;xdef;odrf;jcif;? roefpGrf;rIESifY
ywfoufonfY tod&dSjcif;? uav;rsm;ESifh vli,frsm; yl;aygif;yg0ifjcif;udk jzpfay:ap&ef txl;tav;ay;
aqmif&Gufcsufrsm; yg0ifEdkifonf/
4/ &yf&Gmvlxk\yg0ifulnDrIudk todtrSwfjyKjcif;/ / tpDtpOffa&;qGJjcif;? vkyfief;rsm;pDpOfaqmif&Gufjcif;ESifh
tpD&ifcHjcif;wdkUwGif &yf&Gmvlxk\ yg0ifulnDrIESifhywfoufaom owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk xnfhoGif;oifhonf/
&yf&Gm\ yg0ifulnDjcif;wGiff aqmufvkyfa&;ypönf;rsm;uJhodkYaom ½kyf0w¬Kypönf;rsm;vnf; jzpfEdkifonf/ a'ocHwdkU\
udef;*Pef;jzifY wdkif;wmr&EkdifonfY uRrf;usifrIrsm;uJhodkYaom t&nftaoG;vnf; jzpfEkdifonf/ &yf&Gm\
yg0ifulnDrI tm;aumif;onfhtcg 4if;wdkY\ udk,fydkifvkyfief;uJhodkU wm0efodpdwfjzifh aqmif&GufrI&SdvmNyD; a&&Snf
wnfwHhrSKudk taxmuftuljyKonf/ odkYaomf jyifyrS qufvufyHhydk;ulnDrIrsm;onf &yf&Gm\ yg0ifulnDrItay:
rlrwnfoifhyg/ ynma&;twGuf w&m;0if wm0ef&SdolrSm EkdifiHawmfyif jzpfygonf/
30
touft&G,fwlcsif; ynmay;a&;? &yf&Gm&if;jrpfrsm;udk aqmfMopnf;½Hk;&,la&;ESifh tpysLd;aqmif&GufonfY
&yf&GmzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;qdkif&m tpysdK;vkyfief;rsm;wGif vli,frsm;\ yg0ifulnDrIudk wdkufwGef;tm;ay;NyD;
todtrSwfjyKoifhonf/ vkyfief;tpDtpOfrsm; a&;qGJcsrSwfjcif;ESifh vdktyfcsufrsm;pdppffjcif; tqifhrsm;wGif
vli,fvl&G,frsm;\ yl;aygif;yg0ifrIonf ta&;ygonf/
5/ &yf&Gma'o\pGrf;aqmif&nf/ / ab;tEÅ&m,favQmhcsjcif;ESifh y#dyu©avsmhyg;apjcif;twGuf ynma&;
tpDtpOfrsm;a&;qGJjcif;? qDavsmfatmifjyKjyifjcif;ESifh taumiftxnfaz:jcif;wdkUudk &yf&Gma'o\
tjyKoabmaqmifonfh tcuftcJ&ifqdkif ajz&Sif;enf;rsm;ESifh pGrf;aqmif&nfrsm;tay: tajccHí pDpOfjyD;
,if;wdkUudkjr§ifhwifaqmif&Guf ay;oifhonf/
tkyfpktrsKd;rsKd;tMum; &if;jrpfESifh yl;aygif;yg0ifEdkifrSKwdkYtay: tcGifhvrf;rsm; nDrQpGm r&&Sdjcif;onf
ynma&;vkyfief;rsm; aqmif&GufrSKtay:wGif oufa&mufxdcdkufrSK &SdEdkifonf/ csefvSyfxm;cJhjcif;? cGJjcm;
qufqHjcif;rsm;udkvnf; ydkrdk jzpfay:aponf/ ynma&;pDrHcsufrsm;ESifh tpDtpOfrsm;wGif yg0ifulnDol wpfOD;csif;udk
jzpfap? tzGJUvdkufudkjzpfap rsufESSmomay;jcif;rsKd;rjyKoifhyg/ yg0ifulnDEdkifjcif; r&Sdolrsm;udkvnf; cGJjcm;qufqHrI
rjyKoifhyg (pdppfydkif;jcm;rIpHowfrSwfcsuf 1\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3 (pmrsufESm 37-38)? ynma&;rl0g'
pHowfrSwfcsuf 1 \ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 6 (pmrsufESm 110) udkvnf; Munfhyg) /
31
t"duvkyfief;rsm; (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpkrsm;ESifh ,SOfwGJzwf½I&efjzpfonf)
• ynmoif,lcGifh&&Sda&;twGuf ynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;onf tjcm;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh tpnf;ta0;
usif;yjcif;? n§dEIdif;aqmif&GufrIrsm;wGif yl;aygif;yg0ifjcif;tygt0if ynma&;wkHYjyefrIrsm;wGiff OD;aqmifrIu@rS
wm0ef,lonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 udk Munfhyg) /
• tzGJUtpnf; toD;oD;yg0ifaom n§dEIdif;aqmif&GufrIaumfrwDonf vdktyfcsufrsm;pdppfjcif;? tpDtpOffa&;qGJjcif;?
owif;tcsuftvuf pDrHcefYcGJjcif;? &if;jrpfrsm; azmfxkwfjcif;? pGrf;aqmif&nfjr§ifhwifjcif;ESifh oabmwl
vufcHvmatmifjyKvkyfjcif; ponfwdkYudk n§dEIdif;aqmif&Gufonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 udk Munfhyg) /
• n§dEIdif;aqmif&Guf&mwGif ynma&;tqifhrsm;ESifh trsdK;tpm;rsm;udk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;onf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 udk
Munfhyg) /
• ynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;? tvSL&Sifrsm;? ukvor*¾tzGJUtpnf;rsm;? tef*sDtdkrsm;? &yf&GmvlxkESifh
yg0ifywfoufolrsm;onf ynma&;vkyfief;rsm;udk yHhydk;ay;&mwGif tcsdefrDaqmif&Gufjcif;? yGifhvif;jrifomjcif;?
nDnGwfrQwjcif;? n§dEIdif;xm;onfhtwdkif; b@maiG cGJa0oHk;pGJjcif;wdkUudk aqmif&Gufonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 2 udk
Munfhyg)/
• wHkYjyefrItpDtpOffa&;qGJjcif;ESifh n§dEIdif;aqmif&Gufjcif;wdkUtwGuf owif;tcsuftvufrQa0&ef yGifhvif;jrifomaom
enf;pepfrsm;onf n§dEIdif;aqmif&GufrIaumfrwDESifh tzGJUtpnf;rsm;tMum;wGif&Sdonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3 ESifh 4
udk Munfhyg)/
• ynma&;wkHYjyefrIwGif pGrf;aqmif&nfESifh vdktyfcsufrsm;udk azmfxkwfEdkiff&ef pdppftuJjzwfjcif;rsm;udk yl;wGJ
aqmif&Gufonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 4 udk Munfhyg)/
• ynma&;vkyfief;rsm; atmifjrifjyD;ajrmuf&ef yg0ifywfoufolrsm;tm;vHk;onf wef;wlnDrQjcif;? yGifhvif;jrifomjcif;?
wm0ef,ljcif;ESifh wm0efcHjcif;ponfhtajccHrlrsm;udk vdkufemapmifhxdef;onf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 5 ESifh 6 udk
Munfhyg)/
vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpkrsm;
1/ tzGJUtpnf;toD;oD; yg0ifaomn§dEI dif;aqmif&GufrIaumfrwD/ / ynma&;wkHYjyefrIudk n§dEIdif;aqmif&Gufaom
aumfrwDwGif tzGJUtpnf;toD;oD;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm; yg0ifoifhonf/ EdkifiHawmftqifh ynma&;qdkif&m
wm0ef&Sdolrsm;u OD;aqmifonfqdkaomfvnf; a'oqdkif&mtmPmydkifrsm;ESifh tzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS
udk,fpm;vS,frsm;vnf; yg0ifoifhonf/ ynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;u raqmif&Gufay;Edkifaom ae&mrsm;wGif
trsm;oabmwlnDcsufjzifh tzGJUtpnf;toD;oD;rS wm0ef,laqmif&GufEdkifonf/ ynma&;n§§dEIdif;aqmif&GufrI
aumfrwD&SdjyD;jzpfvQif ,if;vkyfief;rsm;udk wm0ef,laqmif&Gufoifhonf/ odkYr[kwf IASC\ tpktzGJUyHkpHudk
usifhoHk;aevQif Education Cluster udk zGJUpnf;oifhonf/ odkY&mwGif qHk;jzwfcsufrsm; csrSwf&mü oufqdkif&m
ynma&;qdkif&m wm0ef&SdolwpfOD; tNrJyg0ifoifhonf/ tcuftcJtusyftwnf;\ taetxm;ay:rlwnfí
EdkifiHtqifhESifh &yf&Gma'otqifh n§dEIdif;aqmif&GufrItzGJUrsm; vdktyfEdkifonf/ tzGJU0ifrsm;\ tcef;u@ESifh
ynma&;twGuf n§dEIdif;aqmif&GufrIenf;pepfrsm;&SdaejyD; ,if;wdkUonf t&nftaoG;&Sdynma&;udk pOfqufrjywf
oif,lcGifh&&Sd&; aqmif&GufEdkif&ef yg0ifywfoufolrsm;tm; yHhydk;ay;onf/
n§dEI dif;aqmif&GufrI pHowfrSwfcsuf 1/
n§dEI dif;aqmif&GufrI
32
wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;udk aumfrwDtwGuf Terms of Reference wGif azmfjyxm;oifhonf (ynma&;rl0g'pHowfrSwfcsuf
2 \ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3 ESifh 4 (pmrsufESm- 113) udkvnf; Munfhyg)/
uav;oli,fjyKpkysdK;axmifa&;ESifh rlvwef;? tv,fwef;? ausmif;jyify? pufrSKvufrSKESifY oufarG;ynm?
txufwef;ESifh oufBuD;ynma&;tygt0if ynma&;tqifhESifhtrsKd;tpm; owfrSwfcsuftm;vHk;;udk
n§dEIdif;aqmif&GufrI vkyfief;rsm;wGif xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;oifhonf/
2/ &if;jrpfrsm;aqmfMopnf;½k H;&,ljcif;/ / ta&;ay:tajctaerS jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;umvwpfavsmuf t&nf
taoG;&Sdynma&;tpDtpOfrsm;udk tcsdefrD atmifjrifpGm taumiftxnfazmfEkdif&ef &efyHkaiGrsm;vdktyfonf/
&efyHkaiG&&Sd&ef tm;vHk;yg0if n§dEIdif;xm;jyD; yGifhvif;jrifomonfh csOf;uyfenf;rsm;jzifh BudK;yrf;oifhonf/
&efyHkaiG&&Sda&;[kqdk&mü ukvor*¾\ Flash Appeals ESifh Consolidated Appeals Processes rsm;yg0ifonf/
ta&;ay:tajctaersm;wGif ukvor*¾\ Central Emergency Response Fund ESifh tjcm;ta&;ay:wHkYjyefrI
&efyHkaiGrsm;rS ynma&;twGuf yHhydk;ay;Ekdifonf/ a'ocHtzGJUtpnf;rsm;u &if;jrpfrsm;&&SdEdkif&ef
ulnDyHhydk;ay;oifhonf/
ta&;ay:&efyHkaiGrsm; cGJa0oHk;pGJ&mwGif EdkifiHESifh &yf&Gma'owGif; tvkyform;aps;uGuf tajctaersm;?
xHk;wrf;pOfvmrsm;udk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;oifhNyD; a&&SnfwGif xdef;rxm;Edkifonfh yHkpHrsdK;udk a&SmifMuOfoifhonf/
&if;jrpfrsm; cGJa0oHk;pGJ&mwGif (txl;ojzifh y#dyu©tajctaersm;ü) rnDrQrSKrsm;? rD;avmif&mavyifh cGJjcm;rSKrsm;
rjzpfay:ap&ef EdkifiHa&;pdppfydkif;jcm;rItay: tajccHaqmif&Gufoifhonf/ q&mrsm;ESifhynma&;0efxrf;rsm;twGuf
epfemaMu;ESifh ynma&;vkyfief;rsm;twGuf aiGay;ajcjcif;wdkUESifh pyfvsOf;í n§dEIdif;aqmif&Gufaom rl0g'&Sd&rnf
jzpfonf/ ta&;ay:&efyHkaiGrsm;pDpOf&mwGif a&&Snf&efyHkaiG tpDtpOfrsm;ESifh vdkufzufatmif aqmif&Gufoifhonf
(Oyrm- tvSL&Sifrsm; pkaygif;xnfh0ifxm;aomaiG? pkaygif;&efyHkaiGESifh EdkifiHawmf\ b@maiGcGJa0rSKuJhodkUaom
zGHUjzdK;a&;vkyfief;rsm;twGuf &efyHkaiGaxmufyHUrSKyHkpHrsm;)/ pufrSKvufrSKESifh oufarG;ynmoifwef;rsm;twGuf
yk*¾vduu@rS &efyHkaiGyHUydk;rI tpDtpOfudkvnf; &SmazGaz:xkwfoifhonf (ynmoif,lcGifhESifh oif,lrI
ywf0ef;usifpHowfrSwfcsuf 2\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 8 (pmrsufESm 65)? q&mrsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&m
yk*¾dKvfrsm; pHowfrSwfcsuf 2\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 2 (pmrsufESm 99)? ynma&;rl0g'rsm;pHowfrSwfcsuf 2\
vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 4 (pmrsufESm 113)? INEE Toolkit: www.ineesite.org/toolkit wGif&Edkifonfh q&m^rrsm;twGuf
epfemaMu;qdkif&m INEE vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpkESifh INEE Reference Guide to External Education Financing? SEEP
Network Minimum Standards for Economic Recovery after Crisis, Financial Services Standard 5: Coordination and Transparency udkvnf; Munfhyg)/
3/ owif;tcsuftvufESif h todynmpDrHcefYcJ GrI/ / owif;tcsuftvufESifh todynm pDrHcefYcGJrIwGif
atmufygtcsufrsm;yg0ifonf/
- vdktyfcsufrsm;pdppftuJjzwfjcif;? pGrf;aqmif&nfESifh vTrf;jcHKEdkifrSKtwdkif;twm?
- owiff;tcsuftvufrsm; pkaqmif;jcif;? odrf;qnf;jcif;? pdppfydkif;jcm;jcif;ESifh rQa0jcif;
- ppfaqMuD;Muyfjcif;ESifh tuJjzwfjcif;
- tawGUtBuHKrsm;rS &&Sdvmonfh oifcef;pmrsm;udk aemifvmrnfhvkyfief;rsm;wGif xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;jcif;
33
xda&mufaom owif;tcsuftvufESifh todynm pDrHcefYcGJjcif;pepfrsm;onf EdkifiHawmf\pepfrsm;udk yHkwlygG;jcif;rsdK;
r[kwfbJ ,if;wdkUay:wGiftajccHxm;jcif;ESifh tm;jznfhxm;jcif;rsdK; jzpfonf/ ,if;wGif uav;oli,f umuG,f
apmifha&Smufjcif;? vlrIpdwfydkif;qdkif&m yHhydk;jcif;? cdkvIH&mae&m? a&ESifhywf0ef;usif oefY&Sif;a&;? usef;rma&;ESifh
tapmydkif;umv jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;vkyfief;rsm;wGif aqmif&Gufaeaom EdkifiHawmfESifh &yf&Gma'owGif;
tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ yg0ifrI vdktyfonf/ owif;tcsuftvufESifh todynmA[kokw pDrHcefYcGJjcif; pepfrsm;udk
a&&SnfwGif EdkifiHawmfESifh &yf&Gma'oqdkif&m tmPmydkifrsm;udk,fwdkif owfrSwfa&;qGJoifhonf (pdppfydkif;jcm;jcif;
pHowfrSwfcsuf 1\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 6 (pmrsufESm 39)? pdppfydkif;jcm;rIpHowfrSwfcsuf 2\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 6
(pmrsufESm 43)? pdppfydkif;jcm;rI pHowfrSwfcsuf 3\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3 (pmrsufESm 46-47)? ynma&;rl0g'
pHowfrSwfcsuf 1\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 5 (pmrsufESm 110) ESifh SEEP Network Minimum Standards for Economic
Recovery after Crisis, Common Standard 6: Coordinate Efforts for Greater Impact wdkYudkvnf; Munfhyg)/
4/ yl;wGJppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;rsm;/ / ynma&;wHkYjyefrItwGuf pGrf;aqmif&nfESifh vdktyfcsufrsm;udk owfrSwf
azmfxkwf&ef Global Education Cluster \ Joint Assessment Toolkit odkYr[kwf oabmwlnDxm;Muaom
vdktyfcsufrsm;? ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;qdkif&m enf;vrf;rsm;udk qDavsmfatmif jyKjyifoHk;pGJoifhonf/
BudKwifjyifqifjcif;ESifh ta&;ay:pDrHcsufrsm; a&;qGJ&mwGif ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;qdkif&m enf;vrf;rsm;
toHk;jyKwwfap&ef oifwef;ay;jcif; tpDtpOfrsm;udk xnfhoGif;oifhonf/ tu,fí yg0ifywfoufol
wpfOD;wpfzGJUu ynma&;twGuf pGrf;aqmif&nfESifh vdktyfcsufrsm;qdkif&m ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;udk
aqmif&GufcJhjyD;ygu ,if;wdkY\awGU&SdcsufESifh tcsuftvufrsm;udk ynma&;qdkif&m wm0ef&Sdolrsm;ESifh
n§dEIdif;aqmif&Gufaeonfh tzGJUrsm;xH rQa0oifhonf/ tcsKdUEdkifiHrsm;wGif ynma&;ESifh tjcm;u@toD;oD;twGuf
ar;cGef;rsm;yg0ifonfh tvsiftjrefppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;udk ta&;ay:tajctaejzpfNyD; 48 em&DtwGif;
aqmif&GufMuonf/ þodkUaqmif&Guf&mwGif usef;rma&;? a&&&Sda&;ESifh ywf0ef;usifoefY&Sif;a&;? cdkvIH&mae&mponfh
u@wGif yg0ifywfoufolrsm;ESifh n§dEIdif;aqmif&Guf&efvdkonf (pdppfydkif;jcm;jcif; pHowfrSwfcsuf 1\
vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 rS 8 (pmrsufESm 35-40) udkvnf; Munfhyg)/
5/ wm0efcHjcif;/ / yg0ifywfoufol wpfOD;csif;? wpfzGJUcsif;pDwGif 4if;wdkU\ vkyfief;jyXmef;csufrsm;&Sdaomfvnf;
n§dEIdif;aqmif&GufrIESifh owif;tcsuftvufrQa0rIudk wm0efcH&ef tm;vHk;u oabmwlnDxm;oifhonf/
qdkvdkonfrSm owif;tcsuftvufpkaqmif;jcif;ESifh ,if;wdkUudk vkyfief;tpDtpOfa&;qGJ&mwGif toHk;jyKjcif;onf
yGifhvif;jrifom&rnf jzpfonf/ ynma&;wkHYjyefrIwGif ta&;MuD;aom uGm[csufrsm;&Sdaomae&mwGif IASC Education
Cluster odkYr[kwf tjcm;n§dEIdif;aqmif&GufrItzGJUonf oufqdkif&myg0ifywfoufoltoD;oD;u OD;pm;ay;
vdktyfcsufrsm;tvdkuf uGm[csufrsm;udk jznfhqnf;aqmif&Gufapa&;twGuf wm0ef,l&rnfjzpfonf/
n§dEIdif;aqmif&Gufonfh ppfaq;MuD;Muyfjcif;ESifh tuJjzwfjcif;wGif ynma&;vkyfief;rsm;\ &v'fESifhqdkifaom
owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk yGifhvif;pGm rQa0jcif;jzifh ab;'Pfoifholrsm;tm; wm0efcHrSKjzpfay:aponf/ xdkUtjyif
jznfhqnf;&rnfh vdktyfcsufrsm;udk ydkrdkay:vGifapjcif;jzifh INEE tedrfhqHk;pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;ESifh vlom;csif;
pmemrIqkdif&m tajccHrlrsm;udk toHk;jyK&mwGif taxmuftuljzpfaponf/ EdkifiHawmf\ vlYtcGifhta&;qdkif&m
tzGJUtpnf;rsm;onf EdkifiHawmftzGJUtpnf;rsm;u ab;'Pfoifhjynfolrsm;\ ynmoif,lcGifhudk jznfhqnf;ay;onfh
wm0efrsm;udk vG,fulacsmarGUpGm xrf;aqmifEdkifatmif yHhydk;ulnDay;NyD; ppfaq;MuD;Muyfoifhonf
(ynma&;rl0g'pHowfrSwfcsuf 2 \ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 5 (pmrsufESm 114) udkvnf; Munfhyg)/
34
6/ &v'faumif;udka&S;½IaomcsOf;uyfenf;/ / yg0ifywfoufolrsm;tm;vHk;onf ynma&;wHkYjyefrIrsm;udk aumif;pGm
n§dEIdif;aqmif&GufMuNyD; arQmfrSef;xm;onfh &v'frsm; &&Sdjcif;udk qdkvdkonf/ ynma&;wHkYjyefrIrsm;twGuf
n§dEIdif;aqmif&Gufjcif;onf pOfqufrjywf ppfaq;MuD;Muyfjcif;ESifh tuJjzwfoHk;oyfjcif;jzifhf awGU&Sd&onfh
uGm[csufrsm;udk vsifjrefpGm n§dEIdif;ajz&Sif;Edkifonf (pdppfydkif;jcm;rIpHowfrSwfcsuf 3 ESifh 4 (pmrsufESm 45-49)
udkvnf; Munfhyg)/
35
t"duvkyfief;rsm; (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpkrsm;ESifh ,SOfwGJzwf½I&efjzpfonf)
• ynma&;qdkif&m tvsiftjref ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;udk pwifaqmif&Guf&mwGif ab;uif;vHkNcHKa&;udk
xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;vsuf wwfEdkiforQ tapmqHk;aqmif&Gufonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 udk Munfhyg) /
• ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;onf usm;-r? touft&G,ftkyfpkponfjzifh tao;pdwfcGJjcm;xm;aom tcsuftvufrsm;udk
pkaqmif;jcif;jzifh a'ocHwdkY\ ynma&;&nfrSef;csuftay: oabmxm;tjrifrsm;? ynma&;vufvrf;rDrIudk
t[efUtwm; jzpfapaomt&mrsm;? OD;pm;ay;&rnfh ynma&;vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifh vkyfief;rsm;udk azmfxkwf
owfrSwfay;onf/ (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 2 udk Munfhyg)/
• ynma&;ESifh oif,ljcif;twGuf &yf&Gma'owGif;&Sd pGrf;aqmif&nfrsm;? &if;jrpfrsm;ESifh enf;AsL[mrsm;udk
ta&;ay:tajctae rwdkifrDESifh ta&;ay:tajctaetwGif; owfrSwfazmfxkwfonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 2 rS 5
udk Munfhyg) /
• ynma&;wHkUjyefrIrsm;onf qDavsmfqufpyfrSK&SdNyD; ab;tEÅ&m,fusa&mufEdkifajcESifh y#dyu©udk csufcsif;
wHkYjyefEdkifpGrf;&Sd&ef qufpyftajctaepdppfjcif;udk jyKvkyfonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3 udk Munfhyg) /
• ab;'PfcH&olrsm;\ udk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf tcsuftvufpkaqmif;jcif;ESifh taumiftxnfazmfjcif;wdkYtwGuf
tpDtpOfa&;qGJ&mwGif yl;aygif;yg0ifonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 2? 3? 5? 7? 8 wdkYudk Munfhyg)/
• ynma&;tqifhESifhtrsdK;tpm; trsKd;rsKd;twGuf ynma&;qdkif&m vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifh &if;jrpfrsm;udk jyD;jynfhpHkaom
ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;wGif t"du yg0ifywfoufaeolrsm; yl;aygif;yg0if aqmif&Gufonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 2 rS 7
udkMunfhyg)/
• xyfwlvkyfief;rsm;udk NydKifwlvkyfrdjcif;r&Sdap&ef tzGJUtpnf;tcsif;csif; n§dEIdif;aqmif&GufrIaumfrwDonf
tjcm;u@rsm;? oufqdkif&m yg0ifywfoufolrsm;ESifh n§dEIdif;jyD; ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;udkaqmif&Gufonf
(vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 6 ESifh 8 udk Munfhyg)/
vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpkrsm;
1/ ueOD;ppfaq;tuJjzwf&eftcsdefowfrSwfjcif;/ / ueOD;ppfaq;tuJjzwf&ef tcsdeffZ,m;a&;qJG&mwGif
ppfaq;tuJjzwfa&;tzGJUESifh ab;'PfcH&olrsm;\ ab;uif;vHkNcHKa&;udk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;oifhonf/ jzpfEdkifvQif
ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;udk ta&;ay:tajctaejzpfNyD;aemuf wwfEkdiforQ tapmqHk;aqmif&GufoifhNyD; ab;'Pfoifh
ae&mtm;vHk;wGif ynma&;trsKd;tpm; tm;vHk;ESifhpyfvsOf;í ppfaq;tuJjzwfoifhonf/ ueOD;ppfaq;tuJjzwfNyD;
aumuf,lxm;onfh tcsuftvufrsm;udk ppfaq;MuD;Muyfjcif;ESifh tuJjzwfjcif;jzifh aemufxyf aumuf,l&&Sdonfh
tcsuftvufrsm;ESif yHkrSefjznfhpGufjyifqifoifhonf/ ,if;odkU jznfhpGufjyifqif&mwGif vkyfief;jyD;ajrmuf
atmifjrifrIrsm;? tuefYtowf&SdrIrsm;ESifh rjynfhrDao;aom vdktyfcsufrsm;udk oHk;oyfjcif;vnf; yg0ifonf/
bufpHkNcHKiHk ppfaq;tuJjzwffjcif;udk csufcsif; raqmif&GufEkdifaomtcg ueOD;ppfaq;tuJjzwffjcif;udk wpfpdwf
wpfa'o aqmif&GufjyD; &&Sdvmaom owif;tcsuftvufrsm;jzifh vkyfief;rsm;udk csufcsif; aqmif&GufEdkifonf/
2/ ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;rsm;/ / ppfaq;tuJjzwf&mwGif ynma&;wHkYjyefrItwGuf toHk;jyY&efESifh y#dyu©ESifh
ab;tEÅ&m,fwdkU\ aemufqufwGJab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajcrsm;udk ppfaq;tuJjzwf&ef tao;pdwfcJGjcm;Edkifonfh
tcsuftvufrsm;udk aumuf,lpkaqmif;oifhonf/ ]tao;pdwfcJGjcm;xm;onfhtcsuftvufrsm;} qdkonfrSm
ta&;ay:tajctaetwGif; ynma&;qdkif&mppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;udk tcsdefESifhwpfajy;nD bufpHkjcHKiHkí
yGifhfvif;jrifomaom yl;aygif;yg0ifrSKyHkpHjzifh aqmif&Gufonf/
pdppfyd kif;jcm;rI pHowfrSwfcsuf 1/
ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;
36
owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk usm;-rESifh touftkyfpk ponfjzifh tydkif;tvkduf pdppfydkif;jcm;xm;jcif; jzpfonf/
4if;tcsuftvufrsm;onf ab;'PfcH&olrsm;twGuf ynma&;qdkif&mpGrf;aqmif&nfrsm;? &if;jrpfrsm;?
ckcHumuG,fEkdifpGrf; enf;jcif;rsm;? uGm[csufrsm;ESifh ynma&;qdkif&mtcGifhta&;rsm;&&Sda&;twGuf pdefac:rIrsm;udk
azmfxkwfowfrSwfay;onf/ &if;jrpfrsm;udk xda&mufpGm toHk;rjyKEdkifjcif;ESifh vdkonfxufydkaom
ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;rsm; rjzpfap&ef ynma&;ESifh tjcm;ta&;ay:wHkYjyefrIudk aqmif&Gufaeolrsm;onf
ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;ESifh uGif;qif;avhvmjcif;rsm;wGif n§dEIdif;aqmif&Gufoifhonf (&yf&Gmvlxkyl;aygif;yg0ifrI
pHowfrSwfcsuf 2 (pmrsufESm 28-30)ESifh n§dEIdif;aqmif&GufrI pHowfrSwfcsuf 1 (pmrsufESm 31-34)udkvnf; Munfhyg)/
ppfaq;tuJjzwf&mwGif &SdESifhjyD;aom owif;tcsuftvuf&if;jrpfrsm;udk trsm;qHk; toHk;jyKoifhonf/ udk,fwdkif
tcsuftvufaumuf,l pkaqmif;&mwGif ta&;MuD;onfh qHk;jzwfcsufrsm; csrSwfEdkif&ef trSefwu,fvdktyfjyD;
r&&Sdao;aom tcsuftvufrsm;udkom aumuf,loifhonf/ ra&mufEdkif? roGm;a&mufEdkifaomae&mrsm;rS
owif;tcsuftvufrsm; aumuf,lpkaqmif;Edkif&ef tjcm;enf;vrf;rsm;udk pHkprf;&SmazGoifhonf/ Oyrm- a'ocH
acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh &yf&GmuGef&ufrsm;udk qufoG,fjcif;? tjcm;u@rsm;rSwqifh &&SdEdkifaom qifhyGm;
tcsuftvufrsm;udk toHk;jyKjcif;? tusyftwnf; rwdkifrDumvu tcsuftvufrSwfwrf;rsm;udk toHk;jyKjcif;wdkU
jzpfonf/ tusyftwnf; rwdkifrDumvu tcsuftvufrsm;onf ta&;ay:umvtajctaeESifh EIdif;,SOf&ef
taxmuftuljyKonf/
vkyfief;n§dEIdif;aqmif&Guf&mwGif ulnDyhhHydk;Edkif&efESifh a'ocHrsm;xHrS tMudrfMudrf owif;tcsuftvuf
pkaqmif;aumuf,ljcif;rsdK; rjzpfap&ef EdkifiHtwGif; owif;tcsuftvuf aumuf,lpkaqmif;onfh ykHpHrsm;udk
pHowfrSwfxm;oifhonf/ jzpfEdkifygu ta&;ay:tajctaerwdkifrD BudKwifjyifqifrItpDtpOf a&;qGJjcif;\
tpdwftydkif;wpf&yftjzpf ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;ykHpHrsm;udk a&;qJGjyKpkNyD; yg0ifywfoufoltm;vHk;\ oabmwlnDrIudk
&,lxm;oifhonf/ ,if;ykHpHrsm;wGif a'ocHrsm;rS xyfrHjznfhpGufvdkaom ta&;BuD;onfh tcsuftvufrsm;a&;Edkif&ef
twGufvnf; pDpOfxm;oifhonf/
ppfaq;tuJjzwfonfhtzGJUrsm;wGif ab;'PfcH&yf&Gmvlxk yg0ifoifhonf/ ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;? q&m^rrsm;?
tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;? rdbrsm;ESifh tkyfxdef;ol trsKd;orD;?trsKd;om;rsm;\ tawGUtBuHKrsm;?
vdktyfcsufrsm;? pdk;&drfylyefrIrsm;ESifh pGrf;aqmif&nfrsm;udk vTrf;jcHKod&SdEdkif&ef ppfaq;tuJjzwfonfhtzGJUrsm;wGif usm;-
r ta&twGuf nDrQpGm yg0ifoifhonf/ oufqdkif&mtmPmydkiftzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh aqG;aEG;wdkifyifoifhonf/
ppfaq;tuJjzwf&mwGif av;pm;jcif;? cGJjcm;qufqHrIr&Sdjcif;ponfh tajccHoabmw&m;rsm; yg0ifaom
vlUusifh0wfrsm;udk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;oifhonf/ owif;tcsuftvuf pkaqmif;jcif;onf &yf&Gmvlxkudk tcuftcJ
awGUapwwfonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf owif;tcsuftvufrsm;\ twdrf;tapmif;rcHaom obm0aMumifh
omru? 4if;wdkY yl;aygif;yg0if aqmif&Gufjcif;aMumifh ypfrSwfxm;cH&NyD; tEÅ&m,fMuHKawGUEkdifaomaMumifYjzpfonf/
(pdppfydkif;jcm;jcif;pHowfrSwfcsuf 1 \ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 5 udkfvnf; Munfhyg)/ owif;tcsuftvuf aumuf,l
pkaqmif;olrsm;onf yl;aygif;yg0ifaqmif&Gufolrsm;tm; umuG,fay;&ef wm0ef&SdNyD; atmufyg tcsufrsm;udk
4if;wdkUtm; today;xm;&rnf/
- owif;tcsuftvufrsm; pkaqmif;&jcif;\ &nf&G,fcsuf
- owif;tcsuftvuf pkaqmif;onfhvkyfief;pOfwGif ryg0ifvdkíaomfvnf;aumif;? qufvufyg0ifvdkpdwf
r&SdvQifaomfvnf;aumif; txifvGJcH&rSK r&SdbJ tcsdefra&G; EkwfxGufEdkifcGifh&Sdjcif;
- 4if;wdkYtaMumif; aygufMum;rSKr&Sdatmif xdef;odrf;jcif;ESifh 4if;wdkY\ trnfemrudkvQdKU0Sufxm;&ef tcGifh&Sdjcif;
(pdppfydkif;jcm;jcif;pHowfrSwfcsuf 4 \ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 2 (pmrsufESm 48-49) udkvnf; Munfhyg)/
37
3/ qufpyftajctaepdppfyd kif;jcm;jcif;/ / ,if;wGif ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajcpdppfjcif;ESifh y#dyu©pdppfydkif;jcm;jcif;wdkU
yg0ifonf/ qufpyftajctae pdppfydkif;jcm;jcif;onf ynma&;wHkYjyefrIrsm;udk qDavsmfqufpyfrI&SdapjyD;?
jzpfay:vmEdkifonfh ab;tEÅ&m,fESifhy#dyu©rsm;\taMumif;udk od&Sdaponf/
ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajc pdppfjcif;onf oif,lolrsm;\ usef;rma&;? ab;uif;vHkNcHKa&;wdkYtay: oufa&mufvsuf
&Sdonfh qufpyftajctaersm;udk ½IaxmifhpHkrS xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;onf/ þtcsufu ynma&;onf
ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfapedkifonfh taMumif;&if; r[kwfbJ umuG,fapmifha&SmufrIay;onfh vkyfief;jzpfaMumif;
odomaponf/ ynma&;twGuf ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfapEdkifaom taMumif;&if;tm; ppfaq;tuJjzwf&mwGif
atmufygtaMumif;t&mrsm; yg0ifEdkifonf/
- vHkNcHKrIr&Sdjcif;? tkyfcsKyfrSK nHhzsif;jcif;ESifh vmbfpm;jcif;rsm;
- ul;pufwwfaoma&m*grsm; jzpfyGg;jcif;ponfh jynfolUusef;rma&; jyóemrsm;
- tjcm;aom vlrIa&;? pD;yGm;a&;? ½kyfydkif;qdkif&mESifh obm0ywf0ef;usifqdkif&m taMumif;tcsufrsm; (Oyrm-
tqdyftawmufjzpfapaom "mwfaiGYrsm;xGufvmjcif;ESifh "mwkypönf;rsm;,dkzdwfjcif; ponfh
pufrIvkyfief;qdkif&mtEÅ&m,frsm;)
- usm;-r? touft&G,f? roefpGrf;rI? wdkif;&if;om;rsKd;EG,fpkaemufcHtajctae ponfhtcsufrsm;ESifh
pyfvsOf;aom ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajcrsm;? qufpyftajctae&Sd tjcm;ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajcrsm;
ynma&;qdkif&m Mum;0ifulnDaqmif&GufrIrsm;aMumifh rnDrQrIrsm; odkUr[kwf y#dyu©rsm;jzpfay:aponfh
taMumif;&if;rsm; ydkrdkqdk;&Gm;vmrSKr&Sdap&ef y#dyu©rsm;ESifh y#dyu©jzpfEdkifajcrsm;udk ppfaq;tuJjzwfonf/
y#dyu©tajctaeESifh ab;tEÅ&m,ftajctaeESpfckpvHk;twGuf y#dyu©pdppfydkif;jcm;rI vdktyfonf/ ,if;wGif
atmufygtaMumif;t&mrsm; yg0ifEdkifonf/
- y#dyu©tajctaewGif wdkuf½dkuf odkUr[kwf oG,f0dkufí yg0ifaqmif&Gufaeolrsm;onf y#dyu©'PfcHae&jcif;
odkYr[kwf y#dyu©'PfcH&Edkifajc&Sdjcif;
- trSefwu,f jzpfyGm;aeaom odkYr[kwf jzpfyGm;Edkifajc&Sdaom y#dyu©rsm;ESifh emMunf;epfemcsufrsm;
jzpfay:aponfh taMumif;&if;rsm;&Sdjcif;
- ynma&;wGif yg0ifywfoufaeolrsm;tygt0if yg0ifaqmif&GufMuolrsm;tMum; tjyeftvSef
qufoG,frIrsm;ESifh y#dyu©jzpfyGm;aponfh tcsufrsm;/
y#dyu©jzpfyGm;avh&Sdaom ae&ma'orsm; odkYr[kwf wdkif;jynfrsm;&Sd y#dyu© pdppfydkif;jcm;rI &v'frsm;udk okawoe
tzGJUtpnf;rsm;xHrS &&SdEdkifonf/ ,if;wdkYudk ynma&;½IaxmifhrS jyefvnffoHk;oyf&ef vdkonf/ y#dyu©pdppfydkif;jcm;rI
&v'frsm;udk r&&Sdvsif odkYr[kwf toHk;rcsEdkifvsif ab;'PfcH&onfh ae&ma'owGif tvkyf½HkaqG;aEG;yGJ
usif;yjcif;jzifh vnf;aumif;? pm;yGJ0dkif;wGif aqG;aEG;avhvmjcif;rsm; jyKvkyfjcif;jzifhvnf;aumif; y#dyu©
pdppfydkif;jcm;rIrsm; jyKvkyfEdkifonf/ ynma&;wGifyg0ifywfoufolrsm;onf oifhavsmfonfh tzGJUtpnf;rsm;tm;
ynma&;owif;tcsuftvufrsm; yg0ifaom bufpHkaxmifhpHk y#dyu©pdppfydkif;jcm;rIrsm; aqmif&Guf&ef axmufcH
wifjyoifhonf/ odkUrSom pdwf0ifpm;aom tzGJUtpnf;tm;vHk;tm; awGU&Sdcsufrsm;udk rQa0Edkifrnf jzpfonf/
ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajcpdppfrI tpD&ifcHpmu y#dyu©tygt0if obm0ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;ESifh vlwdkYaMumifhjzpfaom
tEÅ&m,frsm; pDrHcefYcGJrItwGuf enf;AsL[mrsm;udk wifjyonf/ enf;AsL[mrsm;wGif umuG,fwm;qD;jcif;? avsmh
yg;apjcif;? MudKwifjyifqifjcif;? wHkYjyefjcif;? jyefvnfwnfaqmufjcif;ESifh jyefvnfxlaxmifjcif;wdkY yg0ifonf/ Oyrm-
ausmif;rsm; odkYr[kwf oif,l&mae&mrsm;wGif ta&;ay:tajctaeudk umuG,fwm;qD;&ef? avsmhyg;ap&efESifh
wkHYjyef&eftwGuf ta&;ay:tpDtpOfrsm;ESifh vHkNcHKa&;tpDtpOfrsm; vkdtyffayrnf/ tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifaom
ae&mrsm;ESifh oif,lolrsm;\ xdcdkufcH&vG,frIESifh cHEdkif&nf&SdrIwdkUudk xdyg;apaom tcsufrsm;udk xif&Sm;pGm
jyxm;onfh ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajcjy ajryHkudkvnf; jyifqifxm;oifhonf/
38
ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajcpdppfrIwGif &if;jrpfrsm;ESifh pGrf;aqmif&nfrsm; tygt0if &yf&Gmvlxk\ cHEdkif&nf&SdrI?
&yf&Gma'o\ jyóemudk &ifqdkifajz&Sif;rIqdkif&m BudK;yrf;tm;xkwfrIrsm;udk pdppfrIvnf; yg0ifoifhonf/
ab;tEÅ&m,f avsmhyg;apjcif;? BudKwifjyifqifjcif;ESifh jyefvnfxlaxmifjcif;twGuf todynm? uRrf;usifrIrsm;ESifh
pGrf;aqmif&nfrsm;udk ta&;ay:umvrwdkifrDESifh ta&;ay:umvaemufydkif;wGifyg pdppffNyD;? BudKwifjyifqifjcif;ESifh
ab;tEÅ&m,f avsmhyg;apjcif;vkyfief;rsm; aqmif&Guf&if; tm;jznfhjr §ifhwifay;&rnf (&yf&Gmvlxkyl;aygif;yg0ifrI
pHowfrSwfcsuf 1\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 rS 4 (pmrsufESm 22-25 )? &yf&Gmvlxkyl;aygif;yg0ifrIpHowfrSwfcsuf 2\
vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 5 (pmrsufESm 30)? ynmoif,lcGifhESifh oif,lrIywf0ef;usif pHowfrSwfcsuf 2\
vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 11 (pmrsufESm 66-67) ? oifMum;jcif;ESifhoif,ljcif; pHowfrSwfcsuf 2\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 2
ESifh 4 (pmrsufESm 108-110 )? ynma&;rl0g'pHowfrSwfcsuf 2\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3 ESifh 5 (pmrsufESm 113-
114) wdkUudkvnf; Munfhyg)/
4/ tcsuftvufrsm; cdkifvHkrI&S dapjcif;ESif h tcsuftvuf pdppfyd kif;jcm;enf;rsm;/ / tcsuftvuf
pdppfydkif;jcm;jcif;rsm;onf atmufygtaMumif;t&mrsm;ESifh ywfoufík &Sif;vif;pGm azmfjyoifhonf/
- tnTef;udef;rsm;
- tcsuftvuf&if;jrpfrsm;
- pkaqmif;onfh enf;vrf;rsm;
- tcsuftvufpkaqmif;olrsm;ESifh
- tcsuftvuf pdppfydkif;jcm;rI vkyfief;pOfrsm;
tcsuftvufpkaqmif;olrsm;twGuf vHkNcHKa&;tEÅ&m,f&Sdaom ae&mrsm;wGif tcsuftvufpkaqmif;ol
wpfOD;csif;pD\ trnfrsm;r[kwfbJ tcsuftvufpkaqmif;&mwGif yg0ifaom tzGJUtpnf;trsKd;tpm;udk
&nfnTef;oifhonf/ &SmazGawGU&Sdcsufrsm;\ udk;pm;EdkifrIk odkYr[kwf tjcm;tajctaersm;ESifh qDavsmfrIrsm;udk
xdcdkufapEdkiffaom tcsuftvufpkaqmif;jcif; odkYr[kwf pdppfydkif;jcm;jcif;qdkif&m uefYowfcsufrsm;&Sdygu rSwfom;
azmfjyoifhonf/ Oyrm- &if;jrpfrsm; cGJa0csxm;jcif;rsm;udk trsm;qHk; jzpfapvdkívnf;aumif;? tjypfwif
rcHvdkívnf;aumif;? pm&if;0ifta&twGuf odkYr[kwf wufa&mufolOD;a& udef;*Pef;rsm;udk csJUum;azmfjyonfh
ppfwrf;ajzolrsm;aMumifhvnf;aumif; tcsuftvufrsm;onf udk;pm;EdkifrIr&Sd jzpfwwfonf/ tpDtpOfrsm;ESifh
ppfaq;MuD;MuyfrIpepfrsm;wGif ryg0ifaom tkyfpkrsm;ESifh rajz&Sif;Edkifaom jyóemrsm;udkvnf; rSwfom;
azmfjyoifhonf/
tcsuftvufrsm;udkpdppf&mwGif bufvdkufrIrsm; tenf;qHk;jzpfap&eff 4if;tcsuftvufrsm;udk owif;&if;jrpf
rsm;pGmrS &,lNyD; EIdif;,SOfoifhonf/ þenf;vrf;onf tcsuftvufrsm;\cdkifvHkrIudk tm;jznfhay;onf/
aumufcsufrsm;rcsrD a,musfm;av;? rdef;uav;rsm;ESifh vli,frsm;tygt0if ab;'Pf trsm;qHk;cH&onfh
tkyfpkrsm;ESifh aqG;aEG;wdkifyifoifhonf/ jyifyyk*¾dKvfrsm;\ oabmxm;tjrifrsm;ESifh OD;pm;ay;rIrsm;udk tajccHaom
vlom;csif;pmemrIqdkif&mwkHYjyefrIrsm; rjzpfap&eff a'ocHyk*¾dKvfrsm;\ oabmxm;tjrifESifh todynmrsm;udk
pdppfydkif;jcm;&mwGif t"duxm;oifhonf (ynma&;rl0g'pHowfrSwfcsuf 1\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 4 (pmrsufESm
109-110) udkvnf; Munfhyg)/
39
5/ ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;wGifyg0ifolrsm;/ / ppfaq;tuJjzwf&mwGif ynma&;qdkif&m wm0ef&Sdolrsm;ESifh
xdcdkufcH&vG,faomtkyfpkrsm; tygt0if ab;'PfcH&oludk,fpm;vS,frsm; yg0ifoifhonf/ ueOD;ppfaq;
tuJjzwffpOf umvtwGif; cufcJaom tajctaersm;aMumifh owif;tcsuftvufpkaqmif;jcif;? pdppfydkif;jcm;jcif;?
pDrHcefYcGJjcif;ESifh jzefYa0jcif;wdkYwGif ab;'PfcH&ol udk,fpm;vS,frsm;taejzifh tuefYtowfjzifhom yg0if
aqmif&GufEdkifayrnf/ tajctae ydkrdkwnfNidrfvmonfESifhtrQ 4if;wdkY\yg0ifaqmif&GufrIudkk wdk;jr§ihfoifhonf/
ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;rsm;wGiff jzpfEdkifvsif em;rMum;olrsm; oHk;onfh vuf[efajc[efjybmompum;? rsufrjrifrsm;
oHk;onfh ]ba&;} vufzwfpm tygt0if &yf&GmvlxkoHk;pGJonfh bmompum;tm;vHk;udk oHk;jcif;jzifh qufoG,frIudk
tqifajyacsmarGUapoifhonf (ynma&;rl0g'pHowfrSwfcsuf 1\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 4 (pmrsufESm 109-110)
udkvnf; Munfhyg)/
6/ ynma&;u@twGif;ESif h tjcm;u@rsm;ESif h yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;/ / yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;onf
ppfaq;tuJjzwfrIrsm;\ t&nftaoG;? jyD;jynfhpHkrIESifh toHk;0ifrIwdkYudk taumif;qHk;jzpfatmif aqmif&Guf&mwGif
ta&;ygonf/ tjcm;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ vkyfief;rsm;ESifh xyfwlNydKifwl vkyfrdapjcif; r&Sdap&ef ynma&;wGif
yg0ifywfoufolrsm;onf vdktyfcsuf ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;rsm;udk yl;wJGn§dEIdif;aqmif&Gufjcif;jzifh nDnGwfvdkufzuf
o[Zmw jzpffatmif aqmif&Gufoifhonf/ n§dEIdif;rSKjzifh ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;onf ta&;ay:tajctaersm;\
oufa&mufrIudk azmfjy&mwGif taxmuftxm; ydkrdkckdifvHkapNyD; qDavsmfaom wHkYjyefrIrsm;udk jzpfay:aponf/
owif;tcsuftvufrsm; rQa0&ef tm;ay;jcif;jzifh vlom;csif;pmemrIqdkif&m vkyfief;rsm;wGif
yg0ifywfoufolrsm;\ wm0efcHrIudk wdk;jr§ifhay;Ekdifonf (n§dEIdif;aqmif&GufrI pHowfrSwfcsuf 1\ vrf;nTefcsuf
rSwfpk 4 (pmrsufESm 33) udkvnf; Munfhyg)/
Ncdrf;ajcmufrIrsm;? ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajcrsm;? 0efaqmifrIrsm;&&SdEdkifjcif;ESifh pyfvsOf;aom ynma&;wHkYjyefrI
tajctaeudk od&SdEdkif&ef ynma&;u@onf tjcm;u@rsm;ESifh yl;wGJaqmif&Gufoifhonf/ ,if;odkY
aqmif&Guf&mwGif atmufygu@wdkYyg0ifEdkifonf/
- usef;rma&;u@ESifh yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;jzifh ul;pufa&m*gjyefYyGm;rI umuG,fjcif;ESifh ywfoufonfh owif;
tcsuftvufrsm;&&Sd&ef? vdifESifhrsKd;qufyGm;usef;rma&;? HIVumuG,fa&;? ukoa&;? apmifha&Smufa&;ESifh
yHhydk;ulnDjcif;rsm; tygt0if tajccHusef;rma&;0efaqmifrIrsm; &&SdEdkifrIwdkUudk od&SdEkdifonf/
- umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;u@ESifh yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;jzifh usm;-rvlrIb0tay: tajccHaom
tMurf;zufrIESifh? vdiftMurf;zufrI? rdbrJhuav;rsm;ESifh &yf&GmwGif;&Sd xdcdkufcH&vG,folkrsm;ESifh
qufEG,faeaom ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajcrsm;? ynma&;twGuf t[efYtwm;rsm;ESifh &&SdEdkifaom vlrIa&;ESifh
vlrIpdwfydkif;qdkif&m 0efaqmifyHhydk;rIrsm;taMumif;udk od&SdEkdifonf/
- tm[m&u@ESifh yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;jzifh ausmif;tajcjyK? &yf&GmvlxktajcjyKESifh tjcm; tm[m&qdkif&m
0efaqmifrIrsm;taMumif; od&SdEkdifonf/
- cdkvHI&mESifh ,m,Dpcef;rsm; pDrHcefYcGJrIu@ESifh yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;jzifh oif,ljcif;ESifh tyef;ajzjcif;
jyKvkyfEkdif&eftwGuf vHkNcHKoifhawmfonfhae&m a&G;cs,fjcif;? taqmufttHkrsm; wnfaqmufjcif;? jyefvnf
wnfaqmufjcif;? ausmif;rsm;twGuf tpm;tpmr[kwfonfh tjcm;vdktyfaom ypönf;rsm; axmufyHhjcif;wdkYudk
n§dEIdif;aqmif&GufEdkifonf/
- a&&&Sda&;ESifh ywf0ef;usifoefY&Sif;a&;u@ESifh yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;jzifh oif,lrIwnfae&mrsm;ü pdwfcs&aom
a&ESifhywf0ef;usifoefY&Sif;a&; yhHydk;ulnDrI &&SdEdkifonf/
- axmufyHhydkYaqmifa&;u@wGif yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;jzifh pmtkyfrsm;ESifh tjcm;yHhydk;ulnDonfh ypönf;rsm;
&,ljcif;ESifh jzefYa0jcif;rsm; aqmif&GufEdkifonf/
(n§dEIdif;aqmif&Gufjcif; pHowfrSwfcsuf 1 \ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpkrsm; 1? 3 ESifh 4 (pmrsufESm 31-33)?
ynma&;rl0g'pHowfrSwfcsuf 2 \ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 2 (pmrsufESm 112) udkvnf; Munfhyg/)
40
7/ ynma&;ESifhvlrIpdwfydkif;qdkif&mvdktyfcsufrsm;/ / a,bk,svdktyfcsufppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;rsm;wGif
ynma&;ESifh vlrIpdwfydkif;qdkif&m vdktyfcsufrsm;? &if;jrpfrsm;ESifh ywfoufí tcsuftvufrsm;udk tao;pdwf
cJGjcm;&ef tcsuftvufrsm;aumuf,loifhonf/ a'ouGsrf;onfh ppfaq;tuJjzwfa&;tzGJU0ifrsm;onf ynma&;?
vlrIpdwfydkif;ESifh &if;jrpfrsm;udkfppfaq;tuJjzwf&mwGif yHhydk;ulnDEdkifonf/ vdktyfcsuf ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;rsm;
aqmif&Guf&ef tzGJUtpnf;rsm;taejzifh &if;jrpfrsm;? 0efxrf;rsm;ESifh tzGJUtpnf;qkdif&m pGrf;aqmif&nfrsm;udk
toHk;jyKoifhonf/
8/ ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;rS awGU&S dcsufrsm;/ / ppfaq;tuJjzwfawGU&Sdcsufrsm;udk wwfEdkiforQ tapmqHk;
&&Sdatmif vkyfaqmifoifhonf/ odkYrSom ynma&;vkyfief;rsm;aqmif&Guf&ef tpDtpOfudka&;qGJEdkifrnf jzpfonf/
&if;jrpfrsm;? ynma&;vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifh ynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;? tef*sDtdkrsm;? vlom;csif;pmemrIqdkif&m
tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh &yf&Gmvlxk\ ynma&;qkdif&m &ydkifcGifhrsm;udk csKd;azmufjcif; odkYr[kwf jznfhqnf;ay;jcif;udk
azmfxkwfay;aom tusyftwnf;umvrwdkifrD tcsuftvufrsm;ESifh tusyftwnf;umvaemufydkif;
ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif; tcsuftvufrsm;udk a0rQoifhonf/
&yf&Gma'oESifh EdkifiHtqifh ynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;onf ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;rS &&Sdvmonfh awGY&Sdcsufrsm;
rQa0jcif;udk n§dEIdif;aqmif&Gufay;oifhonf/ ynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;u ,if;odkY vkyfaqmifEdkifpGrf; r&SdvQif
ynma&;u@n§dEIdif;aqmif&GufrIaumfrwD odkYr[kwf Education Cluster uJhodkYaom EdkifiHwumtqifh OD;aqmifolu
þvkyfief;pOfudk pDrHcefYcGJEdkifonf/ owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk tvG,fwul toHk;jyKEdkif&ef jzpfEdkifvQif
ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;ü tcsuftvufrsm; wifjyyHkudk pHowfrSwfxm;oifhonf (n§dEIdif;aqmif&GufrI pHowfrSwfcsuf
1 (pmrsufESm 31-34) udkvnf; Munfhyg)/
41
t"duvkyfief;rsm; (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpkrsm;ESifh ,SOfwGJzwf½I&efjzpfonf)
• wHkYjyefrIenf;AsL[mrsm;onf ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;&v'frsm;udk wduspGmxif[yfonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1ESifh2 udk
Munfhyg)/
• ynma&;wHkYjyefaqmif&GufrIrsm;onf ab;'PfcH&olkrsm;twGuf vlwdkif;tusKH;0ifaom t&nftaoG;&Sd
ynma&;qdkif&m vdktyfcsufrsm;udk wdk;wufjynfhrDaponf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1? 5 ESifh 8 udk Munfhyg)/
• wHkYjyefrIenf;AsL[mrsm;udk pDpOfí taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&Guf&mwGif &yf&GmvlxkESifh yHhydk;ulnDay;olrsm;tm;
rxdcdkufapbJ ta&;ay:tajctae\ oufa&mufrIudk ydkrdk rqdk;&Gm;apaom enf;vrf;rsm;jzifhom
aqmif&Gufonf/ (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3 ESifh 7 udk Munfhyg) /
• aqmif&GufqJ ynma&;wkHYjyefrIrsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;í owif;ay;&ef ueOD;ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;ESifh
qufpyftajctae pdppfydkif;jcm;rIrsm;rS pkaqmif;&&Sdxm;aom owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk tcsuftvuf
topfrsm;jzifh yHkrSef jyefvnfjznfhpGufjyifqifonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 4 udk Munfhyg) /
• wHkYjyefrIenf;AsL[mrsm;wGif ynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;ESifh &yf&Gmvlxku ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;rsm;ESifh
wHkYjyefrIrsm; taumiftxnfazmfEkdif&eff pGrf;aqmif&nfwnfaqmufay;rI yg0ifonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 2 udk
Munfhyg) /
• ynma&;wHkYjyefrIrsm;onf EdkifiHawmf\ynma&;tpDtpOfrsm;udk taxmuftuljyKNyD;? EdkifiHawmf\
ynma&;tpDtpOfrsm;ESifh nDnGwfvdkufzufum o[Zmwjzpfonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 6 ESifh 8 udk Munfhyg)/
• tpDtpOf\tpwGif tajccHtcsuftvufrsm; (baseline data) udk pepfwuspkaqmif;onf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 9
udk Munfhyg) /
vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpkrsm;
1/ wHk Y jyefrIenf;AsL[mrsm; / / ynma&;wGifyg0ifywfoufaeolrsm;taejzifh ,if;wdkY\ wHkYjyefrIenf;AsL[mrsm;onf
t"duawGY&Sdcsufrsm;ESifh ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;rS azmfxkwf&&Sdonfh t"du OD;pm;ay;aqmif&Guf&ef udpörsm;tay:
tajccHaqmif&GufEkdif&ef pdppfydkif;jcm;jcif;ESifh pdppf&&Sdaom tcsuftvufrsm;udk t"dyÜg,fzGifhqdk&mwGif
apUpyfaocsmpGm aqmif&Guf&rnf/ þodkYaqmif&Guffjcif;jzifh wHkYjyefrItpDtpOfrsm;twGuf MudKwifpdwful;rsm;udk
ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;rS awGU&Sdcsufrsm;jzifh twnfjyKrdjcif;rsm; rjzpfay:apEdkifyg/
wHkYjyefrIenf;AsL[mrsm;onf ynma&;qdkif&m wm0ef&Sdolrsm;\ OD;aqmifrItcef;u@ESifh tjcm;
yg0ifywfoufolrsm;ESifh yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;udk xif&Sm;apoifhonf/ Oyrm- a&&SnftwGuf toHk;p&dwf
umrdaprnfhtcsufrsm;udk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;um q&m^rrsm;vpmESifh ypönf;u&d,mrsm;twGuf oHk;pGJ&aom ynma&;
toHk;p&dwftqifhhrsm;udk tzGJUtpnf;rsm;tMum; nDnGwfatmifndSí aqmif&Gufoifhonf/
vlwdkif;tusKH;0ifynma&;qdkif&m wkHYjyefrIenf;AsL[mrsm;onf qufpyftajctae? ynmoif,lcGifhudk
t[efUtwm;jzpfapaomt&mrsm;ESifh xdkt[efUtwm;rsm;udk ausmfvTm;enf;rsm;udk &Sif;vif;pGmazmfjyonf/
pdppfyd kif;jcm;rI pHowfrSwfcsuf 2/
wHkUjyefrIenf;AsL[mrsm;
42
wkHYjyefrIenf;AsL[mrsm;onf/ oifhawmfaom ta&;ay: pDrHcsufay:tajccHNyD; &yf&Gmvlxk\ wuf<uaom
yl;aygif;yg0ifrIjzifh a&;qJGoifhonf/ ,if;enf;AsL[mrsm;onf ynma&;tqifhrsm;ESifh trsKd;tpm;rsm;?
ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajcESifh tEÅ&m,frsm;udk od&SdNyD; tjcm;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;uyg ynma&;vkyfief;rsm;udk yHhydk;ulnDrI
&Sd? r&Sdudk nTefjyoifhonf/ tajccHtcsuftvufrsm; pkaqmif;jcif;ESifh tuJjzwfjcif;rsm;tygt0if ta&;ygaom
ynma&;vkyfief;rsm; aqmif&Guf&ef toHk;p&dwf&Sdoifhonf (&yf&Gmvlxk yl;aygif;yg0ifrI pHowfrSwfcsuf 1\
vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 (pmrsufESm 22-23) udkvnf; Munfhyg)/
usm;-r vlrIa&;&m [efYwm;rIrsm;tygt0if ynma&;tqifhtm;vHk;ESifh trsKd;tpm;tm;vHk;udk vufvSrf;rrDaponfh
t[efYtwm;rsm;udk ajz&Sif;Ekdif&ef ,if;t[efYtwm;rsm;udk pdppfydkif;jcm;oifhonf/ vlwdkif;tusKH;0ifynma&;
ay;&efESifh ynma&;ESifh ywfoufí rsm;jym;vmaom awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk wHkYjyefaqmif&Gufay;&ef
jyKjyifvG,fajymif;vJvG,ffrI &Sdoifhonf/
2/ tcsuftvufpkaqmif;jcif;ESif h pdppfyd kif;jcm;jcif; aqmif&Guf&ef pGrf;aqmif&nfwnfaqmufjcif;/ /
wkHYjyefrIenf;AsL[mrsm;wGif ynma&;qdkif&m wm0ef&Sdol0efxrf;rsm;ESifh &yf&GmvlxktwGuf pGrf;aqmif&nf
wnfaqmuffay;jcif; yg0ifoifhonf/ txl;ojzifh a'ocHvli,frsm;udk tcsuftvuf pkaqmif;jcif;ESifh
pdppfydkif;jcm;jcif;? ppfaq;MuD;Muyfjcif;ESifh tuJjzwfoHk;oyfjcif;wdkYwGif yg0ifaqmif&GufEdkifaponf/ bufpHkjynfhpHkonfh
xda&mufaom tcsuftvuf pkaqmif;jcif;ESifh pdppfydkif;jcm;jcif; jzpfap&ef aqmif&Gufrnfholrsm;udk
a&G;cs,fwm0efay;&mwGif usm;-r ta&twGufnDrQrIonf ta&;BuD;onf (pdppfydkif;jcm;rIpHowfrSwfcsuf 3 \
vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 2 (pmrsufESm 46)? pdppfydkif;jcm;rIpHowfrSwfcsuf 4 \ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3 (pmrsufESm 49)
wdkYudkvnf; Munfhyg)/
3/ xdcd kufepfemrIr&Sdapjcif;/ / ta&;ay:tajctaetwGif; ynma&;qdkif&mwHkYjyefrIrsm;wGif oifwef;rsm;?
tvkyftudkifrsm;? axmufyHhypönf;rsm;ESifh tpm;tpmrsm;uJhodkYaom &if;jrpfrsm;udk vHkavmufrSKr&Sdaom ae&mrsm;odkY
ajymif;a&TUo,fydkUay;jcif; yg0ifonf/ þ&if;jrpfrsm;onf wpfcgwpf&H vkyfaqmiffEdkifonfY tiftm;ESifh aiGaMu;
jynfYpHkMuG,f0rIudk udk,fpm;jyKwwfonf/ xdkUjyif ,if;wdkUonf &yf&Gma'otwGif; y#dyu©? ab;z,fxm;jcif;ESifh
cGJjcm;qufqHjcif;wdkYudk ydkrdkjzpfay:apEdkifonf/ y#dyu©tajctaewpf&yfwGif tcsKdUaomolrsm;onf þ&if;jrpfrsm;udk
xdef;csKyfí rdrdwdkYfbuffom ydkrdkaxmufyHhay;jyD; tjcm;wpfbufudk avsmYay;jcif; odkUr[kwf rdrdudk,fusKd;twGuf
tjrwfxkwfjcif;wdkUjzpfvmEdkifonf/ xdkodkYjzpfvmygu ynma&;qdkif&mwHkYjyefrSKrsm;onf xdcdkufepfemrIudk
jzpfay:apEdkifonf/ xdkodkYrjzpfatmif a&Smif&Sm;Edkif&ef ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajcESifh y#dyu© pdppfydkif;jcm;jcif;udk
em;vnfrItay: tajccHxm; aqmif&Gufoifhonf (pdppfydkif;jcm;rI pHowfrSwfcsuf 1\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3
(pmrsufESm 37-38) udkvnf; Munfhyg)/
&if;jrpfrsm;udkajymif;a&TUo,fydkYay;jcif;ESifh ta&;ay:tajctaewGif ynma&;qdkif&mwkHYjyefrIrsm;udk pDrH
aqmif&Gufjcif;onf Nidrf;csrf;a&;twGuff &yf&Gma'o\ pGrf;aqmif&nfudkvnf; tm;jznfhay;Ekdifonf/ vkyfief;
aqmif&GufrIrsm;onf &yf&Gmvlxktm; jyefvnfoifhjrwfapjcif;? y#dyu©jzpfapEdkifaom rnDrQrIrsm;ESifh
wif;rmrIrsm;udk avQmhcsay;jcif;wdkU jzpfay:apEdkifonf/ Oyrm- q&mjzpfoifwef;tpDtpOfrsm;onf ynm&yfqdkif&m
pdwf0ifpm;rSKtay: tajccHí wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;uGJjym;aom q&m^rrsm;tm; pkpnf; nDnGwfapEdkifonf/ ,cifu
vufvSrf;rrDcJhaomtkyfpkrsm;\ yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrIrSwpfqifh &yf&GmvlxktMum; omwlnDrQqufqHa&;rsm;udk
wdk;jr§ifhay;Ekdifonf/
43
4/ wHk Y jyefrIenf;AsL[mrsm;udkjznfhpGufjyifqifjcif;/ / ynma&;qdkif&m yg0ifywfoufolrsm;onf ta&;ay:
tajctaerS jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;ESifh zGHUNzdK;a&;humvwdkifatmif ,if;wdkY\ wHkYjyefrIenf;AsL[mrsm;udk
yHkrSefjyefvnfoHk;oyfNyD; jznfhpGufjyifqifoifhonf/ vufiif;tcsdefxd &&Sdxm;aom atmifjrifrIrsm;?
ta&;ay:tajctaeESifh vHkNcHKa&;tajctaet& ajymif;vJrIrsm;? ,if;wdkUESifh qufpyfjzpfay:aom enf;AsL[m
ajymif;vJrIrsm;udk azmfjyoifhonf/ jznfhqnf;&ef usefaeao;aom vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifh tcGifhta&;rsm;udk cefUrSef;jyD;
,if;wdkYudk jynfhrDap&ef enf;AsL[mrsm;udk oifhavsmfovdk ajymif;vJ&rnf/ Mum;0ifulnDaqmif&GufrSKrsm;onf
t&nftaoG;jynfhrDjcif;? vlwdkif;tusKH;0ifjcif;? vTrf;NcHKEdkifrI&Sdjcif;? a&&SnfwnfwHhjcif;ESifh rQa0ydkifqdkif
cHpm;Mu&rnf[laom wm0efodpdwfwdkYudkvnf; wdk;wufjzpfay:ap&ef jr§ifhwifay;oifhonf/
5/ tvSL&Sif\wHkYjyefrI/ / tvSL&Sifrsm;onf ta&;ay:tajctaetwGif; ynma&;qdkif&mwHkYjyefrI\ t&nftaoG;ESifh
vTrf;NcHKEdkifrIwdkYudk yHkrSef oHk;oyfoifhonf/ odkUrSom ynma&;qdkif&m t&nftaoG;ESifh tcGifhtvrf;rsm;onf
tedrfhqHk;jynfhrDrI tqifhtwdkif;twmudk odEdkifrnf jzpfonf/ ta&;ay:tajctae usa&mufaom a'orsm;wGif
ynma&;tcGifhtvrf;rsm; wlnDpGm&&Sdap&ef xdcdkufcH&vG,faom tkyfpkrsm;rS oif,lolrsm;\ ausmif;tyfESHjcif;ESifh
ausmif;wufrSefjcif;udk xdef;xm;&ef txl;*½kjyKoifhonf/ ]wef;wlnDrQvufvrf;rDrI} [lonf rdef;uav;ESifh
a,musfm;av;? vli,fESifhvlBuD;? txl;ojzifh vlrsKd;bmompum; rwlolrsm;ESifh roefpGrf;olrsm;tm;vHk; wef;wl
ynmoif,lcGifh &&Sdapjcif;udk &nfnTef;onf/ ynma&;yHhydk;rIrsm;twGuf &efyHkaiGudk a&&&Sda&;? tpm;tpm?
ckdvIH&mae&mESifh usef;rma&;qdkif&m wHkYjyefrIrsm;uJhodkY tnDtrQ OD;pm;ay; axmufyHhoifhonf/ ,if;wGif 'ku©onf
odkYr[kwf jynfwGif; a&TUajymif;ae&mcsxm;cH&olrsm;udk vufcHxm;onfh &yf&GmtwGufvnf; xnfhoGif;
pOf;pm;oifhonf/ vlwdkif;twGufynma&;udk aqmif&Guf&ef vHkavmufaom &efyHkaiG axmufyHhrI&&ef
ta&;BuD;onf/ ynma&;wHkYjyefrItpDtpOfrsm;twGuf &efyHkaiGaxmufyHUrIrsm;udk a&wdkumv omru
jyefvnfxlaxmifonfh umvtxd qufíay;oifhonf (pdppfydkif;jcm;rIpHowfrSwfcsuf 2 \ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 7?
ynmoif,lcGifhESifh oif,lrIywf0ef;usifpHowfrSwfcsuf 1\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 ESifh 2 (pmrsufESm 55-57)
INEE Toolkit: www.ineesite.org/toolkit ESifh INEE Reference Guide to External Education Financing
udkvnf;Munfhyg)/
6/ EdkifiHtqifhtpDtpOfrsm;udktm;jznfhay;jcif;/ / ta&;ay:tajctaetwGif; ynma&;wHkYjyefrIrsm;onf
uav;oli,fjyKpkysdK;axmifa&;ESifh oufarG;ynma&; tpDtpOfrsm;tygt0if EdkifiHtqifh ynma&;tpDtpOfrsm;ESifh
nDnGwfvdkufzufNyD; ,if;tpDtpOfrsm;udk tm;jznfhay;oifhonf/ þodkUaqmif&Guf&mwGif EdkifiHtqifhESifh
wdkif;a'oMuD;^jynfe,f? jrdKUe,ftqifh ynma&;tpDtpOfrsm;a&;qGJjcif;? pDrHcefYcGJjcif;wdkYtjyif tajccH
taqmufttHk? q&m^rrsm; vkyfief;cGifoifwef;ESifh yHhydk;ulnDrIrsm;qdkif&m udpö&yfrsm;yg0ifonf/ tem*wfwGif
ydkrdkaumif;rGefaom pepfwpfckudk wnfaqmuf&ef ta&;ay:tajctaetwGif; ynma&;wHkUjyefrIrsm;onf
ynma&;qdkif&m wm0ef&Sdolrsm;ESifh wGJzufí roefpGrf;uav;i,frsm;? vlenf;pkrsKd;EG,frsm; tygt0if
vlwdkif;tusKH;0if ynma&;pepfudk tm;jznfhay;oifhonf (ynma&;rl0g'rsm; pHowfrSwfcsuf 1 (pmrsufESm 107-
111) ? ynma&;rl0g'rsm; pHowfrSwfcsuf 2\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 4 (pmrsufESm 113) udkvnf; Munfhyg)/
44
7/ ta&;ay:tajctaewHkYjyefrIrsm;twGufBudKwifjyifqifjcif;ESifhab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajcavQmhcsjcif;/ /
zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;aqmif&Gufonfh tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh tvSL&Sifrsm;onf ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajcavQmhcsa&;
vkyfief;rsm;ESifh ta&;ay:tajctaewHkYjyefrIrsm;twGuf BudKwifjyifqifa&;vkyfief;rsm;udk MudKwifumuG,fa&;
vkyfief;rsm;tjzpf ab;tEÅ&m,fusa&mufNyD;aemuf jyefvnfxlaxmifpOfumvtwGif; wdk;jr§ifhyhhHydk;ay;oifhonf/
,if;vkyfief;rsm;wGif &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHjcif;onf ynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;ESifh rdwfzuftzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ tpDtpOf
a&;qGJjcif;? n§dEIdif;aqmif&Gufjcif;ESifh wHkYjyefrIrsm;udk ydkrdkaumif;rGefapEkdifaomaMumifh ukefusp&dwfoufomNyD;
omvGefaom xda&mufrI &&SdEdkifonf/ þodkU ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajc avQmhcsa&;ESifh BudKwifjyifqifa&;
vkyfief;rsm;wGif &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHxm;jcif;jzifh ta&;ay:tajctaeusa&mufcsdefwGif vdktyfrnfh &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIudk
avsmhenf;apEdkifonf/
8/ tzGJUtpnf;qdkif&mvkyfyd kifcGif h jyXmef;csufuefYowfrIrsm;udkausmfvTm;jcif;/ / uav;rsm;twGuf? rlvwef;
ynma&;twGuf odkUr[kwf 'ku©onfrsm;twGuf ponfjzifh vkyfydkifcGifhjyXmef;csuf uefYowfrI&Sdaom
vlom;csif;pmemrIqdkif&m tzGJUtpnf;rsm;onf rdrdwdkU\ ynma&;wHkYjyefrIrsm;jzifh ynma&;qdkif&m wm0ef&Sdolrsm;ESifh
tjcm; ynma&;wGif yg0ifywfoufaeolrsm;\ wHkUjyefrIrsm;wGif jznfhpGufyHhydk; ulnDay;oifhonf/ a,bk,stm;jzifh
ynma&;enf;AsL[mrsm;onf-
- uav;oli,fjyKpkysdK;axmifa&;
- vlwdkif;tusKH;0ifonfh rlvwef;ynma&;
- vli,fwdkY\tv,fwef;? txufwef;ESifh toufarG;0rf;ausmif;ynmqdkif&mvkdtyfcsufrsm;
- oufBuD;ynma&;
- vkyfief;cGiftMudKESifh vkyfief;cGiftwGif; q&mtwwfoifynma&;wdkUudk vTrf;jcHKaqmif&Gufoifhonf/
oufBuD;oif,lolrsm;twGuf enf;AsL[mrsm;wGif ausmif;jyify ynma&;tpDtpOfrsm;jzpfonfh pma&;pmzwfESifh
twGuftcsuf oifMum;a&;? b0wGufwm uRrf;usifp&mrsm; wdk;wufa&;? ab;uif;vHkNcHKa&;twGuf todynmrsm;
wdk;jr§ifhay;a&; (Oyrm- ajrjr§Kyfrdkif;rsm;taMumif;od&Sdjcif;)wdkY yg0ifoifhonf/ rdrd&yf&Gma'oodkY jyefvnfa&muf&Sdvm
olrsm; &Sdonfh a'orsm;\ ynma&; zHGUNzdK;wdk;wufrIvkyfief;rsm;wGif tcsdefydkoifwef;rsm;? oufarG;ynm
oifwef;rsm;uJhodkY a&&SnfyHhydk;ay;Edkifrnfh ulnDaxmufyHhrIrsm; yg0ifoifhonf (nd§EIdif;aqmif&GufrI pHowfrSwfcsuf 1
(pmrsufESm 31-34) ESifh oifMum;jcif;ESifhoif,ljcif;\ pHowfrSwfcsuf 1 ESifh 2 (pmrsufESm 77-86) udkvnf; Munfhyg)/
9/ tajccHtcsuftvufrsm;pkaqmif;jcif;/ / tajccHtcsuftvufrsm;qdkonfrSm ynma&;vkyfief;topfrsm;
rpwifrD OD;wnftkyfpkxHrS aumuf,lpkaqmif;xm;onfh owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk &nfnTef;onf/
þtcsuftvufrsm;u pDrHcsuf0efxrf;rsm;tm; ynma&;qdkif&mtajctaeudk em;vnfaponf/ aemufydkif;
ppfaq;MuD;MuyfpOfESifh tuJjzwfpOfumvtwGif; aumuf,lonfh owif;tcsuftvufrsm;ESifh EIdif;,SOfMunfh&ef
tajccHwpfcktjzpfvnf; toHk;jyKonf/ xdkaMumifh tajccHtcsuftvufrsm;udk pepfwus aumuf,l
pkaqmif;oifhonf/ Oyrm- tao;pdwfcJGjcm;xm;aom vlOD;a&qdkif&m tcsuftvufrsm;? ausmif;wufEIef;rsm;ESifh
q&m-ausmif;om;tcsKd;rsm; yg0ifonf/ aumuf,l&eftcsuftvufrsm;udk vkyfief; aqmif&GufrItay: rlwnfí
owfrSwfEdkifonf/ Oyrm- rdef;uav;rsm;\ ausmif;wufEIef;wdk;wufap&ef &nf&G,fonfh tpDtpOfjzpfvQif
,if;tpDtpOfrpwifciftcsdefwGif &Sdaeonfh rdef;uav;rsm;\ausmif;wufEIef;udk tajccHtcsuftvuftjzpf
aumuf,l&efvdktyfrnfjzpfonf/
45
t"duvkyfief;rsm; (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpkrsm;ESifh ,SOfwGJzwf½I&efjzpfonf)
• ta&;ay:tajctaejzpfyGm;pOfrS jyefvnfxlaxmifpOfumvwpfavsmuf ynma&;qdkif&mwHkYjyefrIrsm;udk rSefrSef
ppfaq;MuD;Muyf&eftwGuf xda&mufaompepfrsm; &Sdonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 udkMunfhyg)/
• oif,lolrsm;? q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;\ ab;uif;vHkNcHKa&;twGuf ynma&;qdkif&m
wHkYjyefrIrsm;udk ppfaq;MuD;Muyfonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 udk Munfhyg) /
• xdckdufcH&vG,folkrsm;udk yHkrSeftBuHjyKaqG;aEG;ay;onf/ tcsuftvuf pkaqmif;wwf&ef enf;vrf;rsm;udk
avhusifhoifMum;ay;onf/ ppfaq;MuD;Muyfjcif;vkyfief;rsm;wGifvnf; yg0ifaponf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 2 udk
Munfhyg)/
• tao;pdwfcJGjcm;aumuf,laom ynma&;qdkif&mtcsuftvufrsm;tm; pepfwusrSefrSef aumuf,lpkaqmif;onf/
ynma&;qdkif&mwHkYjyefrIrsm;twGuf owif;ay;ydkYonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3ESifh4udk Munfhyg)/
• ynma&;qdkif&mtcsuftvufrsm;udk pdppfydkif;jcm;NyD; yg0ifywfoufolrsm;tm;vHk; txl;ojzifh
ab;'PfcH&olrsm;ESifh xdckdufcH&vG,folkrsm;xH yHkrSefrQa0ay;onf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3ESifh4udk Munfhyg)/
vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpkrsm;
1/ ppfaq;MuD;Muyfjcif;/ / ppfaq;MuD;Muyfjcif;jzifh aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdonfh tpDtpOfrsm;onf jynfolvlxk\
ajymif;vJJjzpfay:aeaom ynma&;qdkif&m vdktyfcsufrsm;udk jznfhqnf;ay;EdkifrI&S?dr&SdESifh tqifhqifhajymif;vJaeonfh
qufpyftajctaersm;tvdkuf rnfrQwHkYjyefaqmif&GufEdkifyHkwdkYudk wdkif;wmEdkifonf/ ppfaq;MuD;Muyfjcif;onf-
- pDrHcsuftpDtpOfrsm;\ qDavsmfrIESifhtvdkufoifhwHkYjyefEdkifrI&SdaMumif;udk odapEdkifonf?
- wdk;wufrI tvm;tvmrsm;udk azmfxkwfay;onf?
- y#dyu©avsmhyg;a&;ESifh ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajcavQmhcsa&;udk tusKd;jyKonf?
- wm0efcHjcif;udk jr§ifhwifay;onf/
ab;z,fxm;jcif;? cGJjcm;qufqHjcif;ESifh y#dyu© odkUr[kwf obm0tEÅ&m,frsm; r&nf&G,fyJ wdk;yGm;vmapjcif;wdkUudk
rjzpfay:ap&ef ynma&;tpDtpOfrsm;\ MudKwifrSef;qxm;aom tusKd;oufa&mufrIrsm;? MudKwifrSef;qrxm;aom
tusKd;oufa&mufrIrsm;udk ppfaq;MuD;Muyfoifhonf/ a&SmifwcifoGm;a&muf ppfaq;MuD;Muyfjcif;jzifh
ydkrdkcdkifvHkrI&SdonfU tcsuftvufrsm;udk aumuf,l&&SdEdkifygonf/
ppfaq;MuD;Muyfjcif;tpDtpOfonf tcsuftvuftrsKd;rsKd;tm; tBudrfrnfrQ aumuf,lpkaqmif;oifhaMumif;?
vdktyfcsuft& tcsuftvufpkaqmif;jcif;ESifh rSwfwrf;wifjcif;wdkYtwGuf vdktyfaom &if;jrpfrsm;ponfwdkYudkf
owfrSwfay;onf/ erlemaumuf,ljcif;udk tajccHNyD; ausmif;rsm;? tjcm; ynma&;tpDtpOfrsm;ESifYpyfvsOf;aom
owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk aumuf,lEdkifí vdktyfcsufESifh jyóemrsm;udk vsifjrefpGmod&SdEdkifonf/ tqdkyg
owif;tcsuftvufrsm;wGif-
ynma&;qdkif&mwHkYjyefrIrsm;ESifh ab;tEÅ&m,f'PfcH&olrsm;\ tpOfajymif;vJJJJjzpfay:aeaom oif,lrI
vdktyfcsufrsm;udk rSefrSefppfaq;MuD;Muyfonf/
pdppfyd kif;jcm;rIpHowfrSwfcsuf 3/
ppfaq;MuD;Muyfjcif;
46
- tao;pdwf cGJjcm;aumuf,lxm;onfU ausmif;tyfESHjcif;? ausmif;xGufjcif;qkdif&m tcsuftvufrsm;?
- ausmif;rwufrD ausmif;om;rsm; tpm;tpm pm;EdkifcJhjcif; &Sd? r&Sd?
- zwfpmtkyfrsm;ESifh oifMum;-oif,lrIypönf;rsm; &&SdEdkifrI wdkYyg0ifEkdifonf/
ausmif;jyifya&muf uav;rsm;ESifh vli,frsm;taMumif;? 4if;wdkY ausmif;rtyfEdkifjcif;? ausmif;rwufEdkifjcif;
taMumif;&if;rsm;udk od&Sd&ef tqdkyg tdrfaxmifpkrsm;&Sd&modkY usyef;oGm;a&muf aumuf,lppfaq;Ekdifonf/
ppfaq;MuD;MuyfpOf umvtwGif;wGif trsKd;orD;rsm;ESifh xdcdkufcH&vG,faom tkyfpkrsm;\ajymoHudk
wdkuf½kdufem;axmif&ef ta&;BuD;onf/ tu,fí wdkif;&if;om;rsKd;EG,fpk odkYr[kwf tjcm; vlrIa&;qdkif&m
tkyfpkrsm;ESifh oufqdkifaom tcsuftvufrsm;udk jynfhpHkatmif aumuf,lEdkif&ef txl;owdxm;&vGef; odkYr[kwf
cufcJvGef;ygu xdkolwdkYtm; erlemaumuf,l uGif;qif;avhvmjcif;ESifh 4if;wdkUxHrS aqGaEG;tBuHjyKcsufrsm; (Oyrm-
pum;pjrnf ajymqdkjcif; uJhodkYaomenf;) ay:rlwnfí &&Sdaom tcsuftvufrsm;rS tkyfpktvdkuf
oD;jcm;jyóemrsm;udk od&SdEdkifonf/
oif,lolrsm;? q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;\ vHkNcHKa&;ESifhudk,fpdwfESpfyg;csrf;omrIudk xdyg;
aESmifh,Sufjcif;rsm;? ynma&;qdkif&m tajccHtaqmufttHkrsm;\ tajctaersm;twGuf ppfaq;MuD;Muyfjcif;ESifh
tpD&ifcHwifjyjcif;wdkY vdktyfonf/ txl;ojzifh vufeufudkif wdkufcdkufrIrsm;? t"r® aoG;aqmifrIrsm;?
uav;oli,frsm;tm; vufeufudkifwyfzGJUrsm;ESifh vufeufudkiftkyfpkrsm;odkY wm0efay; oGwfoGif;jcif;? usm;-r
vlrIb0tay: tajccHaomtMurf;zufrIrsm;? obm0ab;tEÅ&m,frsm; rnfonfUae&mwGifay:aygufaeonfudk
ppfaq;MuD;MuyfjyD; tpD&ifcHwifjy&ef ta&;BuD;onf/ þppfaq;MuD;Muyfjcif;u@twGuf ynma&;wGif
yg0ifywfoufolrsm;onf &yf&Gma'oESifh EdkifiHawmftqifhtzGJUtpnf;rsm;? ukvor*¾tzGJUtpnf;rsm;? vHkNcHKa&;?
w&m;rQwa&;? umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;ESifh vlYtcGifhta&;wdkYtwGuf zGJUpnf;xm;aom tef*sDtdkrsm;ESifh qufoG,f
aqmif&Guf&ef vdktyfonf/ tpD&ifcHwifjy&mwGif owif;tcsuftvufrsm;\ txl;owdxm;&ef vdktyfrIudk
od&Sd&ef ta&;BuD;onf/
ppfaq;MuD;Muyfjcif;\ &v'fay:rlwnfí vuf&Sdaqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdaom ynma&;qdkif&mwHkYjyefrsm;udk vdktyfovdk
jyifqifoifhonf/
2/ ppfaq;MuD;Muyfjcif;wGifyg0ifolrsm;/ / ,if;wdkUonf ,Ofaus;rIydkif;qdkif&m txl;owdxm;&rnfhtcsufrsm;udk
od&SdvdkufemjyD; ab;'PfcH&ol tkyfpktm;vHk;xHrS owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk aumuf,lpkaqmif;&ef vdktyfonf/
ppfaq;MuD;MuyfaomtzGJUonf usm;-r nDrQrI&Sd&ef? a'ooHk; bmompum;(rsm;) uRrf;usif&efESifh tcsuftvuf
aumuf,lrI oifwef;wufxm;&ef ta&;BuD;onf/ &yf&Gm"avhxHk;wrf; tpOftvmrsm;t& trsKd;orD;rsm;?
vlenf;pkrsKd;EG,frsm;twGuf ¤if;wdkY ,HkMunfpdwfcsolrsm;ESifh oD;oefYwpfOD;csif; wdkifyifaqG;aEG;tMuHjyKay;&ef
vdktyfygonf/ vli,frsm;tygt0if ab;'PfcH&onfh &yf&Gmudk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf ¤if;wdkY\b0udk wdkuf½dkuf
tusdK;&Sdrnfh ynma&;tpDtpOfrsm;\xda&mufrIudk ppfaq;MuD;Muyf&mwGif wwfEdkiforQ tapmqHk;
yg0ifaqmif&Gufoifhonf/ þtcsufonf txl;ojzifh ysKdazmf0ift&G,f rdef;uav;rsm;ESifh roefpGrf;
oif,lolrsm;uJhodkYaom oD;oefYtkyfpkrsm; twGuf ausmif;jyify ynma&;tpDtpOfrsm; aqmif&Guf&mwGif
ta&;BuD;onf (pdppfydkif;jcm;rI pHowfrSwfcsuf 2\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 2 (pmrsufESm 42)? pdppfydkif;jcm;rI
pHowfrSwfcsuf 4 \ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3 (pmrsufESm 49) udkvnf; Munfhyg)/
3/ ynma&;pDrHcefYcG JrIowif;tcsuftvufpepf/ / ynma&;pDrHcefYcGJrI owif;tcsuftvufpepfudk yHkrSeftm;jzifh
EdkifiHawmftqifh ynma&;qdkif&m wm0ef&Sdolrsm;u pDrHcefYcGJNyD; ynma&;qdkif&mtcsuftvufrsm;udk pkpnf;jyD;
47
pdppfydkif;jcm;onf/ tu,fí qufpyftajctaewpfckwGif ,if;pepf wnf&SdfvQif ta&;ay:tajctaeaMumifh
ysuf,Gif;Edkifonf? odkYr[kwf ¤if;udk jyefvnfjznfhpGufjyifqif&ef vdktyfrnf/ EdkifiHtqifh ynma&;pDrHcefYcGJrI
owif;tcsuftvufpepf odkYr[kwf ,if;ESifh tvm;wl pepfwpfck\ zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrI odkYr[kwf
jyefvnfxlaxmifrItwGuf EdkifiHtqifh? wdkif;a'oMuD;^jynfe,f̂ jrdKUe,fESifh &yf&Gmtqifh pGrf;aqmif&nff
wnfaqmufrIrsm; jyKvkyf&ef vdktyfEdkifonf/ pGrf;aqmif&nfwnfaqmufay;rIonf owif;tcsuftvuf
aumuf,ljcif;? pDrHcefYcGJjcif;? t"dyÜm,fowfrSwfjcif;? toHk;jyKjcif;ESifh rQa0ay;jcif;wdkUudk aqmif&Gufaeolrsm;tm;
yHhydk;ulnDay;jcif;jzpfonf/ yHkrSefvnfywfaom pepfjzpfap&ef EdkifiHtqifhtzGJUtpnf;rsm;u pGrf;aqmif&nf
wnfaqmufay;jcif;udk jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;tqifhwGif apmEdkiforQtapmqHk; pwifoifhonf (n§dEIdif;aqmif&GufrI
pHowfrSwfcsuf\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3 (pmrsufESm 32-33)? ynma&;rl0g'pHowfrSwfcsuf 1\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk
5 (pmrsufESm 110)? ynma&;rl0g'pHowfrSwfcsuf 2 \ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 4 (pmrsufESm 113) wdkUudkvnf;
Munfhyg)/
ynma&;pDrHcefYcGJrI owif;tcsuftvufpepftwGuf vdkufavsmnDaxGwGJzufoHk;Edkifaom uGefysLwmaqmhzf0JESifh
[mh'f0Jrsm;onf r&Sdrjzpf vdktyfonf/ EdkifiHtqifhESifh wdkif;a'oMuD;^jynfe,f̂ jrdKUe,ftqifhynma&;Xme?
½Hk;rsm;ESifh oifwef;ausmif;rsm;uJhodkYaom ynma&;u@cGJrsm;wGif owif;tcsuftvufrsm; tqifajy acsmarGYpGm
zvS,fEdkif&ef vdkufavsmnDaxGwGJzufoHk;Edkifaom ypönf;rsm; &Sdoifhonf/ txl;aqmhzf0Jrsm; wyfqifxm;onfh
rdkbdkif;vfzkef;rsm;onf tcsuftvuf pkaqmif;rIudk ydkrdkaumif;rGefapEdkifonf/ odkUaomf enf;ynm vdktyfrIonf
&if;jrpfrsm;enf;yg;aeao;aom &yf&Gma'orsm;rS tcsuftvuf aumuf,ljcif;udk t[efYtwm; jzpfEdkifonf/
4/ oif,lolrsm;tm;ppfaq;MuD;Muyfjcif;/ / oif,lolrsm;tm; ppfaq;MuD;Muyfjcif;udk oif,laepOfESifh oif,lrI
NyD;qHk;csdefwGif wwfEdkiforQaqmif&Gufoifhonf/ Oyrm- t&nftaoG;ESifh ta&twGufqdkif&m ppfaq;jcif;wGif-
- uav;oli,frsm;\ um,ydkif;? odrIESifh vlrI-pdwfcHpm;rIydkif;qdkif&m e,fy,frsm; zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufjcif;
- pma&;pmzwfESifh twGuftcsuf uRrf;usifrIrsm;udk xdef;xm;jcif;
- t"duusaom b0wGufwm uRrf;usifp&mrsm;udk od&Sdem;vnftoHk;csjcif;
- pmzwf&Sdefjr§ifhwifa&; pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;udk vufvSrf;rD&&Sdapjcif; ponfwdkYudk yg0ifEdkifonf/
oufarG;ynma&;wGif oif,lolrsm; tvkyftudkif tcGifhtvrf;rsm;&&SdrIudk rsufjcnfrjywfppfaq;MuD;Muyfoifhonf/
oif,lrItpDtpOftNyD; oif,lolrsm;udk ppfaq;MuD;MuyfrIrS tpDtpOfa&;qGJjcif;twGuf wefzdk;&Sdaom
wkefUjyeftBuHjyKcsufrsm;udk &&SdEdkifonf (oifMum;jcif;ESifhoif,ljcif; pHowfrSwfcsuf 4 (pmrsufESm 89-90)? ESifh
SEEP Network Minimum Standards for Economic Recovery after Crisis \ Employment Creation standard and
Enterprise Development standards udkMunfhyg)/
48
t"duvkyfief;rsm; (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpkrsm;ESifh ,SOfwGJavhvm&efjzpfonf)
• ynma&;qdkif&m wHkYjyefrIrsm;udk yHkrSeftuJjzwfjcif;onf tem*wfynma&;aqmif&GufrIrsm;twGuf toHk;jyKEdkif&ef
,HkMunfudk;pm;EdkifNyD; yGifhvif;jrifomaom tcsuftvufrsm;udk &&Sdaponf/ (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1ESifh2 udkMunfhyg)/
• ab;'PfcH&yf&GmvlxkrS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;? ynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;ESifh yg0ifywfoufolrsm;tm;vHk;onf
tuJjzwfjcif;vkyfief;rsm;wGif yg0ifonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3 udkMunfhyg)/
• tawGUtMuHKrsm;rS &&Sdaomoifcef;pmrsm;ESifh vufawGUvkyfaqmifrI erlemaumif;rsm; taMumif;udk
a&SUqufaqmif&Gufrnfh vkyfief;tpDtpOfrsm;? rl0g'rsm;ESifh oabmwlvufcHvmatmifjyKvkyfjcif;wdkUtwGuf
us,fus,fjyefYjyefY rQa0onf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 4 udk Munfhyg)/
vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpkrsm;
1/ ppfaq;MuD;Muyfjcif;ESif htuJjzwfjcif;wdk Y\jcm;em;csuf// ppfaq;MuD;Muyfjcif;ESifh tuJjzwfjcif;wdkYonf
ynma&;tpDtpOfrsm;\ &nfrSef;csufyef;wdkifrsm;udk a&muf&SdapEdkifonfh t"duusaomvkyfief;rsm;jzpfonf/
ppfaq;MuD;Muyfjcif;onf ynma&;tpDtpOfrsm;\ &nfrSef;csufrsm;? &nf&G,fcsufrsm;tay:tajccHum wdk;wufrIudk
vkyfief;aqmif&GufpOf yHkrSefwdkif;wmonfh jzpfpOfwpfckjzpfonf/ ppfaq;MuD;Muyfjcif;rsm;aqmif&Gufjcif;jzifh tpDtpOf
odkYr[kwf pDrHcsufftaumiftxnfazmfpOfumvtwGif; &nfrSef;csufrsm;? &nf&G,fcsufrsm; atmifjrifaprnfh
rSefuefonfh vrf;aMumif;ay:wGif &Sdaeap&eff ynma&;tpDtpOf0efxrf;rsm;onf jyKjyifajymif;vJrIrsm;
jyKvkyfEdkifonf/
tuJjzwfjcif;udk vkyfief;tpDtpOf\ tv,f odkYr[kwf tqHk;wGif aqmif&Gufavh&SdNyD; tjcm;jyifyyk*d¾Kvfrsm;u
aqmif&GufMuonf/ &v'frsm;udk wdkif;wmNyD; arQmfrSef;&v'frsm;twdkif; jyD;ajrmufjcif;&Sd? r&Sdudk tuJjzwfonf/
tuJjzwfjcif;jzifh vkyfief;rsm;onf owfrSwfxm;onfh OD;pm;ay;vkyfief;rsm;? rl0g'rsm;? Oya'rsm;ESifh
qDavsmfqufpyfrI &Sd? r&Sd udkvnf;aumif;? vkyfief;tpDtpOfrsm;udk uRrf;usifpGm taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gufjcif;
&Sd? r&Sd udkvnf;aumif; od&SdEdkifonf/
2/ ynma&;qdkif&mwHk Y jyefrIvkyfief;rsm;udk tuJjzwfjcif;/ / ynma&;qdkif&mwHkYjyefrIvkyfief;rsm;udk
tuJjzwf&mwGif tcsdefrDNyD;pD;Edkifjcif;? ,HkMunfudk;pm;Edkifaom &v'ftaxmuftxm; ay;Edkifjcif;? tem*wf
vkyfief;rsm;twGuf toHk;csEdkifaom oufa&mufrI&Sdjcif; wdkYudkay;pGrf;EdkifonfU csOf;uyfyHkenf;vrf;rsm;udk
toHk;jyKoifhonf/ oufa&mufrIqdkonfrSm vkyfief;tpDtpOfrsm;aMumifh jzpfay:vmonfh jrifom^wdkif;wmEdkifaom
vlwdkU\ajymif;vJvmrIudk qdkvdkonf/ usm;-rESifh touft&G,ftvdkuf tao;pdwfcJGjcm;aumuf,lxm;aom
t&nftaoG;ESifh ta&twGufqdkif&m tcsuftvufrsm;onf ta&;BuD;onf/ ta&twGufqkdif&m
pepfusNyD; ormorwfusaom tuJjzwfjcif;rsm;onf ynma&;qdkif&mwHkYjyefrIudk wdk;wufaumif;rGefEdkifapNyD;
wm0efcHrIudk jr§ifhwifay;onf/
pdppfyd kif;jcm;rIpHowfrSwfcsuf 4/
tuJjzwfjcif;
49
tcsuftvufrsm;qdkonfrSm udef;*Pef;jzifh a&wGufazmfjyEdkifaom taMumif;t&mrsm;jzpfonf/ Oyrm-
ausmif;tyfESHrI? ausmif;wufa&mufrI? ausmif;xGufrIESifh wwfajrmufrIuJhodkYaom &v'ftcsuftvufrsm;jzpfonf/
t&nftaoG;qdkif&m tcsuftvufrsm;qdkonfrSm udef;*Pef;jzifh wdkif;wmazmfjyír&Edkifaom taMumif;t&mrsm;
jzpfonf/ ,if;tcsuftvufrsm;onf vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk em;vnfapjyD; &v'frsm;udk &Sif;jyEdkifonf/ Oyrm-
,if;tcsuftvufrsm;wGif ausmif;rsm; odkUr[kwf tjcm;oif,l&mae&mrsm;wGif jzpfysufaerIrsm;? ausmif;tyfESHrI?
ausmif;wufa&mufrIESifh ausmif;xGufrIrsm;\ taMumif;&if;rsm; yg0ifonf (pdppfydkif;jcm;rIpHowfrSwfcsuf 1 \
vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 2 (pmrsufESm 35-36)? n§dEIdif;aqmif&GufrIpHowfrSwfcsuf 1\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3 (pmrsufESm
32-33) wdkUudkMunfhyg)/
3/ tuJjzwfjcif;jzifhpGrf;aqmif&nfwnfaqmufjcif;/ / tuJjzwfjcif;twGuf oHk;pGJaiGwGif ynma&;qdkif&m
wm0ef&Sdolrsm;? &yf&Gmudk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh oif,lolrsm;tygt0if yg0ifywfoufolrsm;tm;vHk;\f pGrf;aqmif&nf
wnfaqmufjcif;qdkif&m tvkyf½HkaqG;aEG;yGJrsm; jyKvkyfay;&ef ukefusp&dwfrsm; yg0ifoifhonf/ þaqG;aEG;yGJrsm;rS
wpfqifh yg0ifywfoufolrsm;tm; tuJjzwfjcif;udk od&Sdem;vnfapEdkifonf/ yl;aygif;yg0ifNyD; yGifhvif;jrifomaom
enf;;jzifh tuJjzwffjcif; vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk a&;qJGjyKpkEdkifaponf/ xdkUtjyif yg0ifywfoufolrsm;tm;
awGU&Sdcsufrsm;udk twlwuGoHk;oyfNyD; t"dyÜm,fazmf aumufcsufcsEkdifonf/ owif;tcsuftvuf wdusrI
&Sdap&efESifh trSefwu,f vufawGUtaumiftxnfazmfaqmif&GufEdkifap&ef yHhydk;ay;onf/ axmufcHwifjycsufrsm;
ay:xGufvmap&ef oif,lolrsm;? q&m^rrsm;ESifh ynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;udk tuJjzwfjcif;
vkyfief;pOfrsm;wGif yg0ifapoifhonf/ Oyrm- q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm; ynma&;qdkif&m wm0ef&Sdolrsm;onf
tqdkjyKxm;onfh axmufcHcsufrsm;udk vufawGUaqmif&Guf&mü awGU&SdEdkifonfh tcuftcJrsm;wGif ¤if;wdkY\
tawGUtMuHKrsm;t& ajz&Sif;Edkifonhf tMuHÓPfrsm;udk jznfhpGufay;Edkifonf (pdppfydkif;jcm;rIpHowfrSwfcsuf 2 \
vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 2 (pmrsufESm 42)? pdppfydkif;jcm;rIpHowfrSwfcsuf 3\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 2 (pmrsufESm 46)?
ynma&;rl0g'pHowfrSwfcsuf 2 \ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 4 (pmrsufESm 113) wdkYudkvnf; Munfhyg)/
4/ tuJjzwffjcif;rSawGU&S dcsufrsm;ESif h &&Sdonfhoifcef;pmrsm;udk rQa0jcif;/ / tuJjzwfjcif;tpD&ifcHpmrS
t"duawGU&Sdcsufrsm; (txl;ojzifh axmufcHcsufrsm;ESifh &&Sdonfhoifcef;pmrsm;)udk &yf&Gmvlxktygt0if tm;vHk;
em;vnfEdkifaomyHkpHjzifh rQa0today;oifhonf/ ,if;wdkYwGif tem*wfvkyfief;rsm;twGuf today;rSKrsm;
yg0ifoifhonf/ owif;tcsuftvufrsm;aMumifh ta&;ay:tajctae odkYr[kwf y#dyu©rsm; jzpfay:rvmap&efESifh
owif;tcsuftvufay;ol\ trnfudk razmfjyjcif;jzifh 4if;tm; tEÅ&m,frusa&mufap&ef
owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk *½kwpdkufudkifwG,f&rnfjzpfonf (n§dEIdif;aqmif&GufrIpHowfrSwfcsuf 1 \
vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3 ESifh 5 (pmrsufESm 32-33)? ynma&;rl0g'pHowfrSwfcsuf 2 \ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 4
(pmrsufESm 113) wdkYudkvnf; Munfhyg)/
53
tajccHpHowfrSwfcsufrsm;-
&yf&Gmvlxkyl;aygif;yg0ifrI? n§dEd Iif;aqmif&GufrI? pdppfyd kif;jcm;rI
t&nftaoG;&SdNyD;
qDavsmfqufpyfrI&Sdaom
ynma&;tcGifhtvrf;rsm;udk
vlwdkif;vufvSrf;rD &&Sdonf/
oif,lrIywf0ef;usifonf
ab;uif;vHkNcHKNyD;
oif,lolrsm;? q&m^rrsm;ESifh
tjcm; ynma&;qdkif&m
wm0ef&Sdolrsm;tm;
umuG,fapmifha&SmufrIESifh
vlrIpdwfydkif;qdkif&m
csrf;omokcwdkYudk
ydkrdk&&Sdaponf/
pHowfrSwfcsuf 1-
ynmoif,lcGif hwef;wlnD
rQ&&Sdjcif;
pHowfrSwfcsuf 2-
umuG,fapmifha&Smuf
jcif;ESif h csrf;omokc
&&Sdjcif;
ynmoif,lcGif hESif hoif,lrIywf0ef;usif
ynma&;taxmuftul
ypönf;rsm;onf oif,lolrsm;?
q&m^rrsm;ESifhtjcm;
ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;\
ab;uif;vHkNcHKa&;ESifh
udk,fpdwfESpfyg;csrf;omrIudk
ydkrdkjzpfay:apNyD;? usef;rma&;?
tm[m&? vlrIpdwfydkif;ESifh
umuG,f apmifha&SmufrIqdkif&m
0efaqmifrIrsm;ESifh
qufpyfaeonf/
pHowfrSwfcsuf 3-
ynma&;taxmuftul
ypönf;rsm;ESif h0efaqmifrI
rsm;
54
tusyftwnf;umvrsm;wGif ta&;BuD;aom &ydkifcGifhESifh &if;jrpfjzpfonfh ynmoif,lEdkifrI tcGifhtvrf;rsm; vGefpGm
enf;yg;onf/ ab;'PfcH&olrsm;tm; ¤if;wdkY\vuf&Sdtajctaeudk &ifqdkifajz&Sif;Edkif&efESifh yHkrSefb0tajctaeodkU
a&muf&SdfEdkif&ef ulnDay;&mü ynma&;onf ta&;ygaom tcef;u@rS yg0ifaeonf/ ynma&;onf ta&;MuHKvmygu
touf&Sif&yfwnfEdkif&ef todynmA[kokwESifh pGrf;&nfrsm;udk ay;pGrf;Edkifonf/ xdkUtjyif nDnGwfrQwrIESifh
t&nftaoG; &Sdaom ynm&&Sda&;twGuf wdk;wufajymif;vJvmatmif aqmif&GufEdkifonfU tcGifhtvrf;rsm;udkvnf;
ay;pGrf;Edkifygonf/
ta&;ay:tajctaerS jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;umvwpfavQmuf ynma&;vkyfief;rsm;udk pkpnf;pDpOfaqmif&Guf&mwGif
tcuftcJrsm; awGU&avh&Sdonf/ topfwdk;vmonfh xdcdkufcH&vG,faom tkyfpkrsm;onf ynma&;vkyfief;rS
tusdK;aus;Zl; cHpm;cGifhr&onfh tajctae? odkYr[kwf ta&;ay:wHkYjyefrIjyK&mwGif ,cifuab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajc
rsm;ESifh 4if;wdkUtm; z,fMuOfcsefvSyfxm;rIrsm;udk ydkrdkjzpfay:apvQif tcuftcJ tEÅ&m,f&Sdonf/ vlwdkif;wGif
ab;uif;vHkNcHKaom oif,lrIywf0ef;usifwGif qDavsmfjyD; t&nftaoG;&Sdaom ynma&;udk oif,lcGifh&Sdap&ef
EdkifiHawmftzGJUtpnf;rsm;? &yf&GmvlxkESifh vlom;csif;pmemrIqdkif&m tzGJUtpnf;rsm;wGif wm0ef&Sdonf/ þtcsufonf
oif,lolrsm;? q&m^rrsm;ESifh ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;\ udk,fpdwfESpfyg;csrf;omrIudk jzpfay:wdk;wufaponf/
oif,lolrsm;? q&m^rrsm;ESifh ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;twGuf ausmif;toGm;tjyefvrf;ESifh oif,lrIywf0ef;usifwdkYwGif
½kyfydkif; odkYr[kwf vlrIpdwfydkif;qdkif&m tEÅ&m,frsm; rMumcP MuHKawGUEdkifonf/ ta&;ay:tajctaerS
jyefvnfxlaxmifa&; umvwpfavQmuf ynma&;tpDtpOfrsm;onf ½kyfydkif;ESifh vlrIpdwfydkif;qdkif&m
umuG,fapmifha&SmufrIrsm;udk yHydk;ay;Edkifonf/ ausmif;rsm;? oif,l&mae&mrsm;ESifh uav;aysmfae&mrsm;tygt0if
,m,DESifh tNrJwrf; toHk;jyKonfh ynma&;taxmuftulypönf;rsm;udk usa&mufEdkifaom tEÅ&m,ftm;vHk;\ 'PfrS
BuHhBuHhcHEkdifEdkifap&ef ae&ma&G;cs,fjcif;ESifh yHkpH'DZdkif; a&;qGJwnfaqmufjcif;wdkUudk aocsmpGm aqmif&Gufoifhonf/
az:jyygae&mrsm;udk oufqdkifoltm;vHk;u vufvSrf;rD toHk;jyKcGifh&Sdoifhonf/
ab;uif;vHkNcHKaom ynma&;taqmufttHkrsm;onf tqufrjywf ynmoifMum;EdkifrSKudk jzpfxGef;apjyD;?
ynmoifMum;jcif; &yfqdkif;rIudk enf;yg;aponf/ ,if;ae&mrsm;onf &yf&Gm\ vkyfief;rIrsm;aqmif&Guf&m Xmersm;
jzpfvmNyD; qif;&JrI? pmrwwfajrmufrIESifh a&m*gjzpfyGm;rIrsm;udk avQmhcs&ef ta&;ygaom 0efaqmifrIrsm;
aqmif&GufEdkifaom ae&mvnf;jzpfonf/ ta&;ay:tajctaerwdkifrDu ynma&;qdkif&m wef;wlnDfrQrSK r&SdcJhaom
ae&mrsm;wGif ab;uif;vHkNcHKí nDnGwffrQwrI&Sdaom ynma&;udk ay;jcif;jzifh Nidrf;csrf;a&; wnfaqmuf&mwGif
ta&;ygaom ae&mrS yhHydk;ay;Edkifonf/
cGJjcm;qufqHrSKaMumifh ynmoif,lcGifhudk rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,mufurQ vufvTwfqHk;&SHK;&jcif; rjzpfapoifhyg/
ynmoif,lcGifh&&Sd&efESifh ynmoif,lcGifh twm;tqD;rsm;udk avQmhcs&ef ausmif;oifESifh ausmif;jyify ynma&;udk
pDpOfaqmif&Gufay;oifhygonf/ ynma&;qdkif&m yHhydk;ay;olrsm;tm;vHk;onf txl;ojzifh usm;-r cGJjcm;qufqHjcif;rsm;?
a,musfm;av;ESifh rdef;uav;rsm;twGuf oD;jcm;tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajcrsm;udk tNrJowd&Sdae&ygrnf/ ,if;tEÅ&m,frsm;udk
udkifwG,fajz&Sif;wwf&efvnf; vdktyfayonf/ cGJjcm;qufqHjcif;onf ausmif;p&dwfrwwfEdkifjcif;? bmompum;
tcuftcJESifh ½kyfydkif;qdkif&m twm;tqD;rsm;aMumifh jzpfay:wwfonf/
55
t"duvkyfief;rsm; (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpkrsm;ESifh ,SOfwGJavhvm&efjzpfonf)
• cGJjcm;qufqHrSKaMumifh rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,muf odkYr[kwf rnfonfhvlwpfpkrQ ynmoif,lcGifhudk
vufvGwfqHk;&SHK;jcif; rjzpfap&yg (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 udkMunfhyg) /
• oif,lrItaqmufttHkESifh wnfae&mrsm;onf vlwdkif;vufvSrf;rDrI&Sdap&rnf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 udk Munfhyg)/
• pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm; rjynfhpHkjcif;? tjcm;vdktyfonfh tcsuftvufrsm;rygvmjcif; ponfh ausmif;tyfESH&mü
MuHK&avh&Sdaom twm;tqD;rsm;udk z,f&Sm;&rnf (vrf;nTefcsuf rSwfpk 2 ESifh 4 udkMunfhyg) /
• ab;'PfcH&olrsm;\ ynma&;vdktyfcsufrsm; jynfh0ap&eftwGuf vdktyfygu jyKjyifajymif;vJEdkifaom
ausmif;oifynma&;ESifh ausmif;jyify ynma&;qdkif&m tcGifhtvrf;rsm;udk tpOftNrJ jznfhqnf;ay;onf
(vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3 ESifh 5 udk Munfhyg) /
• uav;? vli,f? vlBuD;tm;vHk;twGuf t&nftaoG;&SdNyD; qDavsmfaom ynma&; vkyfief;rsm;wGif &yf&Gmvlxk
yl;aygif;yg0ifvmap&ef todynmay;jcif;ESifh oifwef;rsm;ydkUcsay;jcif;wdkUudk aqmif&Gufay;onf
(vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 6 ESifh 7 udk Munfhyg) /
• &if;jrpfrsm; vHkavmufpGm&&Sd&ef pDpOfxm;NyD; ynma&;vkyfief;rsm; pOfqufrjywf&SfdrI? nDnGwfrQwrIESifh
t&nftaoG;jynfh0rSKwdkUudk jzpfay:aponf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 8 udk Munfhyg) /
• ta&;ay:tajctaeaMumifh &yfqdkif;oGm;aom ynma&;udk tjrefqHk; jyefvnf&&Sd&ef aqmif&Gufay;jcif;jzifh
oif,lolrsm;onf ausmif;wGif ynmoif,lcGifh? odkYr[kwf jyefvnfoif,lcGifh&Sdonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 9 udk
Munfhyg) /
• ab;'PfcH&olrsm;twGuf ynma&;tpDtpOfrsm;udk &yf&Gma'orS ynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;ESifh 4if;wdkU\
rlvwkdif;jynfwdkYu todtrSwfjyKonf/
• ab;'PfcH&olrsm;twGuf ynma&;vkyfief;rsm;onf a'ocH&yf&Gmvlxktay: qdk;usKd;oufa&mufrIr&Sdyg/
vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpkrsm;
1/ cGJjcm;qufqHjcif;/ / cGJjcm;qufqHjcif;wGif usm;-r? touft&G,f? roefrpGrf;jzpfrI? HIV a&m*gydk;&SdrI? EdkifiHom;??
wdkif;&if;om;? vlrsKd;pk? rsKd;EG,fpk? Zmwftedrfhtjrifh? bmoma&;? bmompum;? ,Ofaus;rI? EdkifiHa&;toif;tzGJU?
vdifydkif;qdkif&m udkif;nGwfrI? vlrIpD;yGm;a&;aemufcH? yx0Dtaetxm; odkYr[kwf ynma&;qdkif&m
oD;oefYvdktyfcsufrsm;aMumifh jzpfay:vmonfh t[efYtwm;rsm; yg0ifonf/ cGJjcm;qufqHjcif;udk &nf&G,fcsufjzifh
wrifjyKvkyfwwfygonf/ taqmuftOD;rsm; aqmufvkyf&mwGif roefpGrf;olrsm;twGuf xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;xm;rSK
r&Sdjcif;? 4if;wdkY\ oif,lEkdifrIudk yHhydk;ay;onffhrl0g'ESifh aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;r&Sdjcif;wdkUaMumifh r&nf&G,faom
cGJjcm;qufqHrIudkvnf; jzpfapEkdifonf/ Oyrm- udk,f0efaqmif trsKd;orD;i,frsm; odkYr[kwf HIV ydk; &Sdolponfh
t&nftaoG;&SdNyD; qDavsmfqufpyfrI&Sdaom ynma&;tcGifhtvrf;rsm;udk vlwdkif; vufvSrf;rD&&Sdonf/
ynmoif,lcGif hESif hoif,lrIywf0ef;usif pHowfrSwfcsuf 1/
ynmoif,lcGif hwef;wlnDrQ&&Sdjcif;
56
oif,lolrsm;tm; ausmif;wuf&ef wm;jrpfxm;jcif;? ausmif;p&dwf? ausmif;0wfpHk? pmtkyfESifh tjcm;
axmufyHhypönf;rsm;\ ukefusp&dwfrsm; rwwfEdkifí ausmif;rwuf&jcif;wdkUjzpfonf/
ta&;ay:tajctaeumvwGif tkyfpkwpfpkcsif;tvdkuf vlwpfOD;wpfa,mufcsif;tvdkuf ynmoif,lcGifh
vufvSrf;rrDEdkifrIrsm; &SdEkdifonf/ tcsKdUtkyfpkrsm;onf ta&;ay:tajctaersm;ESifh ae&ma&TUajymif;&jcif;rsm;aMumifh
ydkrdkxdcdkufcH&vG,fEdkifonf/ xdktkyfpkrsm;wGif-
- ½kyfydkif;ESifhpdwfydkif;qdkif&m csKdU,Gif;aeolrsm;
- pdwfusef;rma&;ESifh vlrIpdwfydkif;qdkif&m jyóem&Sdaeolrsm;
- rdef;uav;rsm;
- vli,frsm;
- vufeufudkiftzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh qufpyfaeonfh uav;rsm;
- q,fausmfouft&G,ftdrfaxmifOD;pD;rsm;
- q,fausmfouft&G,f rdcifrsm;
- wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;pk odkYr[kwf tjcm;vlrIa&;tzGJUrsm;yg0ifonf/
ynma&;udkvlwdkif; vufvSrf;rDap&ef EdkifiHawmftzGJUtpnf;rsm;? &yf&GmvlxkESifh vlom;csif;pmemrIqdkif&m
tzGJUtpnf;rsm;wGif wm0ef&Sdonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm cGJjcm;qufqHcH&onfh tkyfpkrsm;ESifh oD;jcm;oif,lrI vdktyfolrsm;\
vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifh OD;pm;ay;&rnfh tcsufrsm;udk pdppfjcif;ESifh jznfhqnf;ay;jcif;wdkY jzpfonf/ oif,lrI
tcGifhtvrf;rsm; &&Sda&;twGuf cGJjcm;qufqHonfh rl0g'ESifh vufawGUusifhoHk;rIrsm;udk azmfxkwfNyD; ajz&Sif;
ay;oifhonf/ tcsKdUaom vlrsKd;pk? bmompum;ESifh aexdkif&mae&m taetxm;tvdkuf tkyfpkrsm; odkUr[kwf
touftkyfpkrsm;twGuf ynmoif,lcGifhr&&Sdjcif;onf y#dyu©rsm;ESifh a&&Snfwif;rmrIrsm;udk jzpfay:vmapEdkifonf/
pD;yGm;a&;? vlrIa&;ESifh ,Ofaus;rI&ydkifcGifhrsm;qdkif&m EdkifiHwumy#dnmOfpmcsKyf(1966)wGif ynmoif,lcGifhudk
&Sif;vif;xm;onf-
- ydk'fcGJ 2 wGif ]vlrsKd;? tom;ta&mif? usm;-r? bmompum;? EkdifiHa&; odkYr[kwf tjcm;cH,lcsuf? EdkifiHom;ESifh
vlwef;pm;tvTm? ydkifqdkifrI? arG;zGm;rI odkYr[kwf tjcm;tajctae ponfwdkYaMumifh cGJjcm;qufqHjcif; r&Sdaom
ynmoif,lcGifh} udk todtrSwfjyKxm;onf/
- ydk'fcGJ 13 wGif vlwdkif; ynmoif,lcGifhonf ]vlwdkY\ udk,f&nfudk,faoG;ESifh *kPfodu©mudk tjynfht0
zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufapNyD; vlUtcGifhta&;ESifh tajccHvGwfvyfcGifhrsm;udk ydkrdkav;pm;vmaprnfjzpfonf/ ynma&;onf
vlwdkif;tm; vGwfvyfaom vlYtzGJUtpnf;wGif xda&mufpGm yl;aygif;yg0ifcGifh &apEdkifonf/ ynma&;onf
EkdifiHrsm;? vlrsKd;? vlrsKd;EG,fpkESifh bmoma&;tpktzGJU tm;vHk;tMum; em;vnfrI? onf;cHrI? cifrif&if;ESD;rIESifh
ukvor*¾\ Nidrf;csrf;a&; xdef;odrf;a&;vkyfief;rsm;udkvnf; jr§ifhwifay;Edkifonf?} [laomtcsufudk
todtrSwfjyKxm;onf/ þ&ydkifcGifhudk tjynfht0 todtrSwfjyKap&ef&nf&G,fcsufjzifh ydk'fcGJ 13 onf
EdkifiHrsm;tm; atmufygtcsufrsm;udk aqmif&Gufaponf/ ](1) rlvwef;ynma&;onf roifrae&jzpfNyD;
vlwdkif; tcrJh oif,lcGifh &ap&rnf/ (2) pufrIvuffrIESifh oufarG;ynm&yfrsm; yg0ifonfh tv,fwef;tqifh
57
ynma&;yHkpHtrsKd;rsKd;udk oifhavsmfaom enf;vrf;rsm;oHk;í a,bk,stm;jzifh vlwdkif; vufvSrf;rD
&&SdEdkifap&rnf? txl;ojzifh tcrJhynma&;udk wjznf;jznf;wdk;jr §ifh usifhoHk;oGm;jcif;jzifh vlwdkif; oif,lEdkifcGifh
&Sdap&rnf/ (3) rlvwef;ynma&; r&&Sdxm;ao;ol odkYr[kwf rNyD;qHk;ao;olrsm;twGuf tajccHynmoif,l&ef
t&Sdeft[kefjr§ifh wdkufwGef;tm;ay;jcif;rsm; jyKvkyf&rnf} (ynma&;rl0g'rsm; pHowfrSwfcsuf 1\
vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 ESifh 7 (pmrsufESm 107-108) ESifh (pmrsufESm 110-111)? ynma&;rl0g'pHowfrSwfcsuf
2\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3 (pmrsufESm 113) udkvnf;Munfhyg)/
2/ ausmif;0ifcGif h jyKjcif;? ausmif;tyfES Hjcif;ESif h ausmif;aejrJjcif;/ / ausmif;0ifcGifhtwGuf
pm&Gufpmwrf;vdktyfrIudk rwif;usyfoifhyg/ ab;'PfcH&olrsm;twGuf ausmif;0ifcGifh&&ef EdkifiHom;uwf?
arG;pm&if; odkYr[kwf touftaxmuftxm;? rSwfyHkwifpm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;? ausmif;ynm t&nftcsif;rSwfwef;
ponfwdkU awmif;cHjcif;rjyKyJ tvG,fwul aqmif&Gufay;&rnf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf 4if;wdkUwGif
,if;pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm; r&SdEkdifaomaMumifh jzpfonf/ umuG,fapmifha&Smufrl&IaxmifhESifh ,Ofaus;rIqdkif&m
pHHEIef;rsm;udk tav;xm;jyD; toufuefYowfcsufudk avQmYaygYay;oifhonf/ rNyD;qHk;rD ausmif;xGufolrsm;twGuf
'kwd,tBudrf ausmif;jyeftyfcGifhjyKoifhonf/ xdcdkufcH&tvG,fqkH;jzpfolrsm;udk azmfxkwfowfrSwfNyD; 4if;wdkU
ynmoifMum;cGifh &&Sdap&ef txl;BudK;yrf;oifhonf/ vHkNcHKa&;twGuf tav;xm;&rnfh udpörsm;&SdvQif
pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;ESifh ausmif;tyfESHrI owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk vQKdU0Sufodrf;qnf;xm;oifhonf
(vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 4\ ynma&;rl0g'pHowfrSwfcsuf 1? vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1? 2 ESifh 7 (pmrsufESm 107-111)?
ynma&;rl0g' pHowfrSwfcsuf 2\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 (pmrsufESm 112) wdkYudkvnf;Munfhyg)/
3/ t&nftaoG;&S dynma&;tcGif htvrf;rsm;/ / t&nftaoG;&Sdynma&; tcGifhtvrf;rsm;&Sdae&ef vdktyfonf/
&nf&G,fcsufrsm;rSm oif,loltm;vHk;\ ynma&;vdktyfcsufrsm; jynfhrDap&efESifh wdkif;jynf\ pD;yGm;a&;? vlrIa&;ESifh
EdkifiHa&; zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrIrsm;wGif taxmuftyHU tultnDay;Edkif&efwdkY jzpfonf/ þtcGifhtvrf;rsm;onf
oif,lolrsm;? qufpyftajctaewdkUESifh qDavsmfrI&Sdoifhonf/ ,if;wdkYwGif-
- uav;oli,fjyKpkysKd;axmifa&;
- rlvwef; tv,fwef;ESifh txufwef;ynma&;
- ta&;tzwfESifh twGuftcsufoifwef;rsm;
- b0wGufwmuRrf;usifp&mynma&;
- pufrIvufrIESifh oufarG;ynmuJhodkYaom vli,fESifh oufBuD; ynma&;tpDtpOfrsm; yg0ifEdkifonf/
jyif;xefaom tusyftwnf;umvtwGif; ausmif;oifynma&;udk xlaxmifqJ odkYr[kwf jyefvnf&Sifoefatmif
aqmif&GufaeqJwGif uav;aysmfae&mrsm; odkYr[kwf vHkNcHKaomae&mrsm; &&Sda&;onf yxrqHk;
wHkYjyefaqmif&Guf&rnfh t&mrsm;jzpfonf/ uav;aysmfae&mrsm;onf uav;rsm;ESifh vli,frsm;\ udk,fpdwfESpfyg;
csrf;omjcif;udk umuG,fay;&efESifh jr§ifhwifay;&ef &nf&G,fonf/ tcsKdUu uav;rsm;ESifh vli,frsm;udk
yHkrSefausmif;odkU jyefvnf0ifa&mufEdkif&ef? tcsKdUu ausmif;jyifyynma&; vkyfief;rsm;wGif yg0ifcGifh&&ef
jyifqiBfudK;pm;ay;ygonf/ 4if;wdkUonf uav;t&G,frS vli,ftxd touft&G,ftkyfpk toD;oD;tm;
58
pepfusaom oif,lrIrsm;? upm;jcif;? tm;upm;enf;rsm;? jyZmwf? tEkynm? *Dw? umuG,fapmifha&Smufjcif;ESifh
vlrIpdwfydkif;qdkif&m yHhydk;ulnDrIrsm; aqmif&Gufay;onf/ uav;aysmfae&mrsm;onf &yf&Gmvlxkrsm;?
vlom;csif;pmemrIqdkif&m tzJGUtpnf;rsm;ESifh tpdk;&0efxrf;rsm;twGuf ausmif;oifESifh ausmif;jyify
pGrf;aqmif&nfESifh ynma&;qdkif&m vdktyfcsufrsm;udk tuJjzwfpdppfekdifaom ae&mjzpfjyD; &yf&Gm\ tpysKd;
aqmif&GufrIrsm;ESifh rnfodkU aygif;pyfyHhydk; ulnDay;Edkifrnfudkvnf; em;vnfapEdkifonf/
4/ jyKjyifajymif;vJEd kifrI/ / oif,lrItcGifhtvrf;rsm;onf vdktyfygu jyKjyifajymif;vJEdkifNyD; qufpyf
tajctaersm;ESifhvnf; vdkufzufatmif jyifqif&efvdktyfonf/ ,if;odkY jyifqifjcif;rsm;wGif-
- pmoifcef;tcsdefZ,m;rsm;? oifcsdeftwdkif;twmrsm;? ausmif;csdeftqdkif;rsm; (eHeuf̂ naetqdkif; ponfjzifh)
ESifh wpfESpfwm vkyfief;Z,m;^jyu©'defrsm;udk oif,lol tkyfpkrsm;\ vdktyfcsufESifh udkufnDatmif ajymif;vJ
Edkifjcif;rsm;
- ynmoifMum;rI yHkpHtrsKd;rsKd;? Oyrm- rdrdbmomavhvmoif,ljcif;? ta0;oifynma&;? t&Sdefjr§ifhwif
oifMum;jcif; odkYr[kwf tcsdefydkoifMum;jcif;tpDtpOfrsm;
- i,f&G,faom rdbrsm;twGuf uav;jyKpkapmifha&Smufa&;0efaqmifrIay;jcif;
- arG;pm&if; odkYr[kwf touftaxmuftxm;pm&Gufpmwrf;vkdtyfcsufrsm;udk avQmhayghay;jcif;rsm;yg0ifonf
(vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 2 udkMunfhyg)/
qDavsmfatmif jyKjyifajymif;vJjcif;rsm; jyKvkyfvQif vli,frsm;? trsKd;orD;rsm;ESifh cJGjcm;qufqHcH&olrsm; tygt0if
&yf&GmvlxkESifh aqG;aEG;wdkifyifoifhonf/ &nf&G,fxm;onfYtwdkif; jyKjyifajymif;vJrIrsm;udk w&m;0if
todtrSwfjyKcGifh &&Sdf&ef oufqdkifonfh ynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;vnf; yg0ifoifhonf/ tu,fí
oif,lolrsm;onf us,f0ef;onfh a'otwGif; ysHUESHUaexdkifygu ukefusp&dwfoufomí vufvSrf;rDEdkifrnfY
ae&mrsm; a&G;cs,fum ausmif;rsm;ESifh tjcm;oif,lrIwnfae&mrsm;udk pDpOfaqmif&Gufay;Ekdifonf (ynma&;rl0g'
pHowfrSwfcsuf 1 \ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 7 (pmrsufESm 110-111)? ynma&;rl0g' pHowfrSwfcsuf 2\
vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 (pmrsufESm 112) wdkYudkvnf; Munfhyg)/
5/ vwfwavmOD;pm;ay;&rnfh ynma&;vkyfief;rsm;/ / vwfwavmOD;pm;ay;&rnfh ynma&;vkyfief;rsm;onf
ueOD;pdppfjcif;ay: tajccHoifhonf/ atmufygtcsufrsm;udk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&ef ta&;BuD;onf-
- usm;-r? toufponfwdkUjzifh tao;pdwfcGJjcm; aumuf,lxm;onfh tcsuftvufrsm;
- xdcdkufcH&vG,frIESifh umuG,fapmifha&SmufrIqdkif&m tav;xm;&rnfhudpörsm;
- touf&Sifoefa&; owif;tcsuftvufrsm;
- ynma&;pepf jyefvnfxlaxmifEdkifa&;twGuf qufpyfaqmif&Gufcsufrsm;
OD;pm;ay;aqmif&Guf&efrsm; owfrSwf&mwGif &efyHkaiG&&SdrI? axmufyHhydkYaqmifa&;ESifh vHkNcHKa&;uefYowfcsufrsm;udkvnf;
xnfhoGif; pOf;pm;oifhaomfvnf; xdcdkufcH&vG,faom tkyfpkrsm;udk csefvSyfjcif; rjzpfay:apoifhyg (pdppfydkif;jcm;rI
59
pHowfrSwfcsuf 1 (pmrsufESm 35-40)? oifMum;jcif;ESifh oif,ljcif; pHowfrSwfcsuf 1 (pmrsufESm 77-82)?
ynma&;rl0g'pHowfrSwf 1 ESifh 2 (pmrsufESm 107-114) wdkUudkvnf; Munfhyg)/
6/ ]t&nftaoG;} ESif h ]qDavsmfrI} &S daom ynma&;/ / þa0g[m&rsm;\ t"dyÜm,fowfrSwfcsufrsm;udk
aemufqufwJG 1- a0g[m&t"dyÜg,frsm; (pmrsufESm 112) wGifMunfhyg/
7/ &yf&Gmvlxkyg0ifaqmif&GufrI/ / ynmoif,lcGifhvufvSrf;rDap&ef &yf&Gmvlxkonf ynma&;vkyfief;rsm;wGif
wuf<upGm yg0ifulnDaqmif&Gufay;oifhonf/ &yf&Gmvlxkyg0ifrIonf-
- qufoG,fa&;qdkif&m uGm[rIrsm;udk ajz&Sif;&ef
- &if;jrpfrsm; xyfrHydkrdk&&Sdatmif pnf;½Hk;aqmfMo&ef
- vHkNcHKa&;? umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;ESifh vlrIpdwfydkif;qkdif&m udpö&yfrsm;udk ajz&Sif;&ef
- oif,lrItcGifhtvrf;rsm; &&Sd&eftwGuf vdktyfcsufrsm;udk owfrSwfazmfxkwf&ef
- oufqdkifaomtpktzGJUtm;vHk; txl;ojzifh xdcdkufcH&vG,faomtkyfpkrsm;tm; ydkrdkyl;aygif;aqmif&GufEdkif&ef
taxmuftuljzpfaponf/
(]yl;aygif;yg0ifjcif;} \ t"dyÜm,fowfrSwfcsufudk aemufqufwJG 1- a0g[m&t"dyÜg,frsm; (pmrsufESm 121)
a0g[m&t"dyÜm,frsm;? &yf&Gmvlxkyl;aygif; yg0ifjcif;pHowfrSwfcsuf 1 ESifh 2 (pmrsufESm 22-30)? oifMum;jcif;ESifh
oif,ljcif;pHowfrSwfcsuf 3\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 2 (pmrsufESm 88) wdkYudkvnf;Munfhyg)/
8/ &if;jrpfrsm; / / EdkifiHawmftzGJUtpnf;rsm;onf ynma&;tcGifhtvrf;rsm; &&Sdaqmif&Gufay;&ef rlvwm0ef&Sdol
jzpfonf/ ,if;wGif n§dEIdif;aqmif&Gufjcif;ESifh aiGaMu;? ½kyf0w¬Kypönf;ESifh vlYom;&if;jrpfrsm; vHkavmufpGm yHhydk;ay;jcif;
ponfwdkU yg0ifonf/ EdkifiHawmftzGJUtpnf;rsm;u ta&;ay:tajctaetprS jyefvnfxlaxmifpOfumv
wpfavQmuf ynma&;twGuf tjynfht0 ryHhydk;ay;EkdifvQif tjcm;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;u vdktyfonfrsm;udk
yHhydk;ay;Ekdifonf/ Oyrm- EdkifiHwumtzGJUtpnf;rsm;? ukvor*¾tzGJUtpnf;rsm;? EdkifiHwumESifh jynfwGif;tef*sDtdkrsm;?
&yf&Gma'oqdkif&m wm0ef&Sdolrsm;? &yf&Gmvlxkrsm;? bmoma&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;? t&yfzufvlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh
zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufa&;qdkif&m tjcm;rdwfzufrsm; yg0ifonf/ tvSL&Sifrsm;onf vdktyfygu n§dEIdif;jyKjyifaqmif&Guf
ay;oifhNyD;? ynmoifMum;a&; pOfqufrjywfjzpfap&ef n§dEIdif;aqmif&GufrI&SdaomcsOF;uyfenf;trsKd;rsKd;udk yHhydk;oifhonf
(&yf&Gmvlxkyl;aygif;yg0ifrI pHowfrSwfcsuf 2\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 (pmrsufESm 28)? ydkif;jcm;pdppfrIpHowfrSwfcsuf
2 \ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 ESifh 5 (pmrsufESm 41-43) wdkYudkvnf; Munfhyg)/
9/ ynma&;taqmuftOD;ESifhtaxmuftulypönf;rsm;udk ,m,DcdkvIH&mae&mrsm;tjzpf toHk;jyKjcif;udk
tenf;qHk;jzpfapjcif;/ / ae&ma&TUajymif;cH&olrsm;twGuf tjcm;a&G;cs,fp&m r&SdrSom ynma&;
taqmuftOD;rsm;udk cdkvIH&mae&mrsm;tjzpf toHk;jyKapoifhonf/ ta&;ay:tajctae odkYr[kwf obm0ab;
tEÅ&m,ftwGuf BudKwifjyifqifrItpDtpOf a&;qJGpOfumvtwGif; cdkvIH&mae&mrsm;udk azmfxkwf
owfrSwfxm;oifhonf/
ynma&;taqmuftOD;rsm;udk ,m,DcdkvIH&mae&mrsm;tjzpf toHk;jyKaomtcg qdk;usKd;oufa&mufrIrsm;ESifh
umuG,fapmifha&SmufrItEÅ&m,frsm;udk avQmhcsEdkif&ef cdkvIH&mae&mESifh umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;u@rsm;rS
oufqdkifolrsm; yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufrnf/ yg0ifywfoufolrsm;onf ynma&;taqmuftOD;rsm;wGif
rlvynma&;vkyfief;rsm; aqmif&GufEdkifap&ef jyefvnftyfESH&rnfh&ufpGJudk oabmwlowfrSwfay;oifhonf/
60
þodkYjzifh ta&;ay:tajctaejzpfyGm;NyD;aemuf ynmoif,lrI&yfwefYoGm;jcif;udk avsmhenf;apNyD;? ynma&;
taqmuftOD;rsm;wGif rdom;pkrsm; MumjrifhpGm aexdkifjcif;udkvnf; a&Smif&Sm;apEdkifonf/
ynma&;taqmuftOD;rsm;udk ,m,DcdkvIH&mrsm;tjzpf toHk;jyKvQif pmtkyfrsm;? pmMunfhwdkufrsm;? y&dabm*rsm;?
ausmif;rSwfwrf;ESifh tyef;ajzjcif;qkdif&mypönf;rsm;tygt0if ausmif;ydkifypönf;rsm;udk umuG,fapmifha&Smuf&ef
ta&;BuD;onf/ ynma&;taqmuftOD;ESifh taxmuftulypönf;rsm;udk toHk;jyKEdkifaom taetxm;jzifh jyefvnf
tyfESHoifhonf/ jzpfEkdifygu yg0ifywfoufolrsm;taejzifh ynma&;taqmuftOD;rsm;udk ydkrdkwdk;wuf
aumif;rGefatmif aqmif&GufEdkifonfh tcGifhtvrf;udk toHk;csoifhonf/ Oyrm- tdrfomESifhaomufoHk;a& ponfh
oefY&Sif;a&;qdkif&m taqmuftOD;ESifh taxmuftulypönf;rsm;udk rGrf;rHjyifqifEdkifNyD;? taqmufttHk
zJGUpnf;wnfaqmufrIudkvnf; xyfrHtm;jznfhay;Ekdifonf (ynmoif,lcGifhESifh oif,lrIywf0ef;usif pHowfrSwfcsuf 3
\ vrf;nTefcsuf rSwfpk 4 ESifh 6 (pmrsufESm- 70-71)? ynma&;rl0g'pHowfrSwfcsuf 2 \ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3
(pmrsufESm 109) udkvnf; Munfhyg)/
61
t"duvkyfief;rsm; (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpkrsm;ESifh ,SOfwGJzwf½I&ef jzpfonf)
• oif,lrIywf0ef;usifonf oif,lolrsm;? q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;tm; tEÅ&m,frsm;rS
uif;a0;aponf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 ESifh 3-4 wdkYudk Munfhyg)/
• yHUydk;ulnDrI&Sdaom oif,lrIywf0ef;usifudk zefwD;&efESifh oif,lolrsm;\ vlrIpdwfydkif;qdkif&m csrf;omokcudk
wdk;jr§ifhay;&ef q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;onf vdktyfaomuRrf;usifrIESifh A[kokwudk
qnf;yl;&&Sdonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 2? 3? 8 ESifh 9 wdkYudkMunfhyg)/
• ausmif;rsm;? ,m,Doif,l&mae&mrsm;ESifh uav;aysmfae&mrsm;onf ¤if;wdkYu tvkyftauR;jyKrnfh
jynfolvlxkteD;wGif wnf&Sdonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 5 ESifh 6 udkMunfhyg)/
• oif,lrIywf0ef;usifodkY oGm;a&mufonfhvrf;c&D;rsm;onf vHkNcHKab;uif;NyD; vlwdkif;toHk;jyKcGifh&Sdonf
(vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 5 ESifh 7 udkMunfhyg)/
• oif,lrIywf0ef;usifrsm;onf wdkufcdkufodrf;ydkufcH&jcif;rS uif;a0;onf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1? 3? 6 ESifh 7 wdkUudk
Munfhyg)/
• oif,lrIywf0ef;usif wnfae&mESifhpyfvsOf;í qHk;jzwf&mwGifvnf;aumif;? pepf? rl0g'rsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;í
oif,lolrsm;? q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;tm; ab;uif;vHkNcHKaprI &Sd? r&Sd
qHk;jzwf&mwGifvnf;aumif;? &yf&Gmvlxku yg0ifulnDay;onf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 ESifh 10 udk Munfhyg)/
• oif,lrIywf0ef;usifudk ab;tEÅ&m,favQmhcsa&;ESifh pDrHcefYcGJrIvkyfief;rsm;aqmif&Gufjcif;jzifh ab;uif;vHkNcHKaponf
(vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 11 udk Munfhyg)/
vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpkrsm;
1/ ab;uif;vHkNcHKjcif;/ / vHkNcHKaom oif,lrIywf0ef;usifonf Ncdrf;ajcmufrI? tEÅ&m,f? 'Pf&mtemw&jzpfrI?
qHk;½HI;rIwdkYrjzpfap&ef umuG,fapmifha&Smufay;onf/ ab;uif;aom ywf0ef;usifonf ½kyfydkif;qkdif&mESifh
vlrIpdwfydkif;qdkif&m xdcdkufepfemrIwdkYrS uif;a0;aponf (t"dyÜg,fowfrSwfcsufrsm;udk a0g[m&t"dyÜg,frsm;
(pmrsufESm 122-123) wGif Munfhyg)/
EdkifiHawmftzGJUtpnf;rsm;onf vHkNcHKrIay;&ef wm0ef&Sdonf/ ,if;wGif t&nftcsif;jynfh &Jrsm; vHkavmufpGm
csxm;jcif;ESifh oifhavQmfí vdktyfaom ae&mrsm;wGif vHkNcHKa&;wyfrsm;csxm;jcif;wdkY yg0ifonf/ toHk;jyKaeMu
oif,lrIae&mrsm;onf rvHkNcHKawmhvQif odkYr[kwf oifír&EdkifawmhvQif tjcm;vHkNcHKab;uif;onfhae&m odkYr[kwf
oif,lrIenf;vrf;rsm;udk pDpOfoifhonf/ xdkodkYaomtajctaersm;wGif aetdrfwGif oif,lrI odkYr[kwf ta0;rS
oif,lrIrsm;udk jyKvkyfEdkifonf/ vHkNcHKrIr&Sdaom tajctaersm;wGif &yf&Gmvlxktaejzifh oif,lolrsm;
ausmif;wuf&ef oifh? roifhudk tBuHjyKoifhonf/ vHkNcHKa&;wyfzGJUrsm;onf ynma&;taqmuftOD;rsm;udk
,m,Daexdkif&mtjzpf rnfonfhtcgrQ toHk;rjyKoifhyg (]vHkNcHKjcif;}twGuf vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 5 ESifh 7
udkvnf;aumif;? ]ab;uif;jcif;} twGuf vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 2 - 4? 8? 9 ESifh 11? ynma&;rl0g'pHowfrSwfcsuf 1
\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 (pmrsufESm 107-108) udkvnf; Munfhyg)/
oif,lrIywf0ef;usifonf ab;uif;vHkNcHKNyD; oif,lolrsm;? q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&m
wm0ef&Sdolrsm;tm; umuG,fapmifha&SmufrIESifh vlrIpdwfydkif;qdkif&m csrf;omokcwdkYudk ydkrdk&&Sdaponf/
ynmoif,lcGif hESif hoif,lrIywf0ef;usif pHowfrSwfcsuf 2/
umuG,fapmifha&Smufjcif;ESif hcsrf;omokc&&Sdjcif;
62
2/ pdwfcHpm;rIyd kif;? ½kyfyd kif;ESif h vlrIa&;ydkif;qdkif&m csrf;omokc&&Sdjcif;/ / pdwfcHpm;rIydkif;? ½kyfydkif;ESifh
vlrIa&;ydkif;qdkif&m csrf;omokconf-
- ab;uif;vHkNcHKjcif;ESifh umuG,fapmifha&Smufjcif;?
- usef;rmjcif;?
- ynma&;qdkif&m yHhydk;ulnDay;olESifh oif,lolrsm;tMum;? oif,lolrsm;tcsif;csif;tMum; aysmf&TifrIESifh
aEG;axG;pGm qufqHrI&Sdjcif; ponfwdkYtay:wGif rlwnfonf/
ab;uif;vHkNcHKaom jyKpkysKd;axmif&ef ywf0ef;usifaumif;wGif uav;rsm;ESifh jyKpkapmifha&SmufolwdkYtMum;
aEG;axG;onfh tjyeftvSef qufqHrIu uav;oli,ft&G,frSpí ,if;uav;rsm;\ zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrIESifh oif,lrIudk
yHhydk;ulnDonf/ oif,lolrsm;tm; csrf;omokc&&Sdaponfh aqmif&Gufcsufrsm;onf cdkifrmonfh wdk;wufrI?
vlrIa&;qdkif&m tjyeftvSefaumif;usKd;jyKrIESifh usef;rma&; aumif;rGefrIwdkYudk t"duxm;onf/ ,if;wdkYonf
oif,lolrsm;ESifh oufqdkifonfh qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;udk csrSwf&mwGif 4if;wdkYudk,fwdkif yl;aygif;yg0ifjcif;udk tm;ay;onf/
jyóemajz&Sif;jcif;? qHk;jzwfcsufcsjcif;ESifh ab;tEÅ&m,f avsmhyg;a&;vkyfief;wdkYwGif yl;aygif;yg0ifjcif;jzifh
uav;rsm;ESifh vli,frsm;taejzifh tultnDrJhonf[k cHpm;&aom cHpm;rIrsKd; avsmhenf;vmNyD; 4if;wdkY\
csrf;omokctwGuf 4if;wdkYudk,fwdkif aqmif&GufvmEdkifonf/
rdbrsm;u om;orD;rsm;udk tdrfwGif csrf;omokc&&Sdatmif aqmif&Gufray;Edkifvsif tjcm;olrsm;u ulnDoifhonf/
xdkodkYulnDjcif;wGif qDavsmfaom 0efaqmifrIvkyfief;rsm;xH vTJajymif;ay;jcif;rsm;vnf;yg0ifEdkifonf
(ynmoif,lcGifhESifh oif,lrIywf0ef;usifpHowfrSwfcsuf 3\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 8 (pmrsufESm 72) udkvnf;
Munfhyg)/
3/ umuG,fapmifha&Smufjcif; / / umuG,fapmifha&Smufjcif;[lonf ½kyfydkif;? pdwfcHpm;rIydkif;ESifh vlrIa&;ydkif;qdkif&m
Ncdrf;ajcmufrI? apmfum;tEdkifusifhrI? acgif;yHkjzwftjrwfxkwfrI? tMurf;zufrI yHkpHtm;vHk;rS vGwfajrmufjcif;udk
qdkvdkonf/ oif,lrIywf0ef;usiftwGif; odkYr[kwf teD;w0dkuftwGif; jzpfyGm;aeaom tEÅ&m,ftaMumif;udk
oif,lolrsm;? q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;xH owif;ay;ydkYNyD; umuG,fapmifha&Smuf
ay;oifhonf/ tEÅ&m,frsm;wGifatmufygtaMumif;t&mrsm;yg0ifonf/
- tEdkifusifhAdkvfuscH&jcif;
- vdifrIqdkif&m tjrwfxkwfcH&jcif;
- obm0ESifh ywf0ef;usiftEÅ&m,frsm;usa&mufjcif;
- vufeufrsm;? cJ,rf;rD;ausmufrsm;? ajrjr§KyfAHk;rsm;ESifh raygufuGJao;aom ppfvufeufypönf;rsm;&Sdjcif;
- vufeufudkifrsm;? tjyeftvSefypfcwfaeaomae&mrsm;? t"r®vlopfpkaqmif;rI tygt0if
ppfbufqdkif&mNcdrf;ajcmufrIrsm;&Sdjcif;
- EdkifiHa&;qdkif&m rvHkNcHKrIrsm;
umuG,fapmifhrIqdkif&mvdktyfcsufrsm;ESifh OD;pm;ay;aqmif&Guf&rnfhtcsufrsm;udk em;vnf&ef &yf&Gmvlxkrsm;?
oif,lolrsm;? q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;ESifh n§dEIdif;wdkifyifrIyg0ifaom
ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajcqef;ppfjcif;rsm;onf ta&;BuD;onf/ þqef;ppfjcif;rsm;udk rSefrSefjyKvkyfoifhNyD; ,if;wGif
qDavsmfaom ,Ofaus;rIESifh EdkifiHa&;qdkif&m taMumif;&if;rsm;udk tuJJjzwfpdppfydkif;jcm;jcif; yg0ifoifhonf
(pdppfydkif;jcm;rI pHowfrSwfcsuf 1 \ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 2 ESifh 3 (pmrsufESm 35-38) udkvnf; Munfhyg)/
63
umuG,fapmifha&Smufjcif;udk xdyg;aESmifh,SufrIjzpf&yfrsm; ay:aygufvmygu vQKdU0SufrSwfwrf;wifNyD;
owif;ay;ydkYoifhonf/ jzpfEdkifygu vlYtcGifhta&; ppfaq;MuD;MuyfrIESifh ywfoufNyD; avhusifhoif,lzl;olrsm;\
tultnDudk &,loifhonf/ usm;-r? toufESifh xl;jcm;vu©Pmtay:tajccHí yk*¾dKvfwpfOD;wpfa,muftm;
ypfrSwfxm;cH&jcif; &Sd? r&Sd ponfhtcsufrsm;tygt0if jzpf&yfESifhqdkifonfh t"duowif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk
rSwfom;xm;oifhonf/ tqdkyg owif;tcsuftvufrsm;onf jzpfpOfrsm; owfrSwfazmfxkwf&mwGif
ta&;BuD;onf/ xdkUtjyif jyóemajz&Sif;&eftwGuf xda&mufpGm Mum;0ifulnDaqmif&Guf&mwGif
,if;owif;tcsuftvufrsm; vdktyfEkdifonf/ tpD&ifcHxm;aom tMurf;zufrIrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;í usef;rma&;?
umuG,fapmifha&Smufjcif;ESifh vlrIpdwfydkif;qdkif&mvkyfief;rsm;udk ulnDyHhydk;ay;olrsm;xH vTJajymif;ay;jcif;rsm;
tygt0if wHkYjyefaqmif&GufrIrsm;udk rSwfwrf;wifxm;oifhonf/
oif,lolrsm;? q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;\ ½kyfydkif;ESifh vlrIpdwfydkif;qdkif&m vHkNcHKrIudk
Ncdrf;ajcmufaeaom tMurf;zufrIrsm;ESifh tjcm;Ncdrf;ajcmufrIrsm; awGU&avh&Sdaom ywf0ef;usifrsm;wGif tdrfESifh
&yf&Gmab;uif;vHkNcHKa&;twGuf rdom;pkrsm;ESifh &yf&Gmvlxkrsm;u yg0ifaqmif&Guf&efta&;BuD;onf/
tdrfESifh&yf&Gmab;uif;vHkNcHKa&;udk wdk;jr§ifhaqmif&Guf&mwGif-
- uav;oli,fjyKpkysKd;axmifrIqdkif&m tjyKoabmaqmifaom pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;ESifh enf;vrf;aumif;rsm;udk
usifhoHk;Edkif&ef rdbrsm;ESifh vlBuD;olrrsm;tm; todynmay; pnf;½Hk;jcif;
- &JESifh vHkNcHKa&;wyfzGJUrsm;u &yf&GmtwGif; umuG,fapmifha&SmufrIqdkif&m udpö&yfrsm;udk ydkrdkowdjyKrdvmap&ef
aqmif&Gufjcif;
- &yf&Gm\umuG,fapmifha&SmufrIqdkif&m udpö&yfrsm; (Oyrm- oif,lolrsm;twGuf ausmif;oGm;ausmif;jyef
tapmifhtMuyfrsm; pDpOfay;jcif;) udkajz&Sif;&ef &yf&Gmvlxku oufqdkif&mtmPmydkifrsm;ESifhtwl yl;wGJ
aqmif&Gufjcif;wdkUyg0ifEdkifonf (ynma&;rl0g' pHowfrSwfcsuf 1? vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 (pmrsufESm 107-108)
udkMunfhyg)/
4/ usm;-r vlrIb0tay: tajccHaomtMurf;zufrI/ / usm;-rvlrIb0tay: tajccHaom tMurf;zufrI
txl;ojzifh vdifrIqdkif&m tMurf;zufrIonf qdk;0g;NyD; touftEÅ&m,f&Sdonfh umuG,fapmifha&SmufrIqdkif&m
udpö&yfwpfckjzpfonf (t"dyÜg,fowfrSwfcsufudk a0g[m&t"dyÜg,frsm; (pmrsufESm 118) wGifMunfhyg)/ usm;-r
vlrIb0tay: tajccHaom tMurf;zufrIonf trsKd;orD;rsm;ESifh rdef;uav;rsm;wGif tjzpfrsm;aomfvnf;
trsKd;om;rsm;ESifh a,musfm;av;rsm;wGifvnf; jzpfEdkifonf/ ynma&;tpDtpOfrsm;onf vdifrIqdkif&m
tjrwfxkwfcH&jcif;ESifh aESmifh,SufcH&jcif;wdkUudk ppfaq;MuD;MuyfNyD; wHkYjyefrIrsm;jyKoifhonf/ rdbrsm;? oif,lolrsm;?
q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;onf uav;rsm;ESifhvli,frsm;twGuf oif,lrIywf0ef;usifESifh
ausmif;oGm; ausmif;jyef&mwGif tEÅ&m,fenf;aprnfh enf;vrf;rsm;udk oabmwlnDxm;oifhonf/ ,if;
enf;vrf;rsm;wGif-
- vdifrIqdkif&mtaESmifht,SufjyKcH&jcif;? tjrwfxkwfcH&jcif;? tvJGoHk;pm;jyKcH&jcif;ESifh tjcm;usm;-r
vlrIb0tay: tajccHaom tMurf;zufrIrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;í wdusaompnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;udk csrSwfjcif;ESifh
trsm;od&Sdatmifaqmif&Gufjcif;
- q&m^rrsm;ESifhynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;taejzifh rnfonfhtjyKtrlrsm;onf vufoifhrcHEdkifaMumif;
em;vnfod&Sd&efvdktyfonfhtwGuf þpnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;udk 4if;wdkU\ usifh0wfpnf;urf;rsm;xJwGif
xnfhoGif;jcif;?
- trsKd;orD;rsm;ESifh rdef;uav;oif,lolrsm;udk umuG,fapmifha&Smuf&ef oif,lrIywf0ef;usifwGif
trsKd;orD;ta&twGufudk wdk;yGm;vmatmifaqmif&Gufjcif;rsm; yg0ifonf/ q&m^rta&twGuf rnDrQygu
64
&yf&GmwGif;&Sd trsKd;orD;rsm;u oifMum;a&;vufaxmufrsm;tjzpf apwemh0efxrf;wm0ef,ljcif;jzifh
uav;rsm;tm; ydkrdkumuG,f apmifha&Smufay;Edkifaom ywf0ef;usifjzpfvmapEkdifonf/
usm;-rvlrIb0tay: tajccHaom tMurf;zufrIrsm; jzpfyGm;aomtcg vQKdU0SuftpD&ifcHjcif;? rauseyfcsuf
wdkifMum;jcif;ESifh wHkYjyefaqmif&Gufjcif;pepfrsm;onf ta&;BuD;onf/ ,if;wdkYudktaumiftxnfaz:&mwGif
EdkifiHawmftzGJUtpnf;rsm;ujzpfap? usm;-rvlrIb0tay: tajccHaom tMurf;zufrIrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;í aumif;pGm
odem;vnfaom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ujzpfap vG,fulacsmarmatmif ulnDay;Ekdifonf/ n§dEIdif;aqmif&GufrI
aumif;onfh vTJajymif;ay;rIpepfjzifh tMurf;zufcHcJh&olwdkYudk qDavsmfaom usef;rma&;? vlrIpdwfydkif;qdkif&m
umuG,fapmifha&SmufrIESifh w&m;a&;qdkif&m yHhydk;ulnDrIrsm; &&Sdapoifhonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 9? q&m^rrsm;ESifh
ynma&;qkdif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm; pHowfrSwfcsuf 2? vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3 (pmrsufESm 99-100)? ynma&;rl0g'
pHowfrSwfcsuf 1? vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 (pmrsufESm 107-108) wdkYudkvnf; Munfhyg)/
5/ oif,lolrsm;ESif h oif,lrIwnfae&mrsm;tMum; trsm;qHk;tuGmta0;/ / ,if;tuGmta0;udk
&yf&Gma'oESifh EdkifiHawmf\ pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;ESifhtnD owfrSwfoifhonf/ ab;uif;vHkNcHKrIESifh vufvSrf;rDrIqdkif&m
ylyef&rIrsm; (Oyrm- teD;ywf0ef;usifwGif ppfwef;vsm;rsm;? ajrjr§KyfAHk;rsm;ESifh csKHykwfxlxyfrIrsm;&SdrI) uJhodkYaom
udpörsm;udkyg xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&ef ta&;BuD;onf/ oif,l&mae&mrsm;\ wnfae&m? BuHKawGUEdkifonfh tEÅ&m,f
tvm;tvmwdkYESifh pyfvsOf;í oif,lolrsm;? rdbrsm;? &yf&Gmvlxkudk wdkifyifaqG;aEG;oifhonf/ ausmif;ESifh
tvGefa0;aomaMumifh ynmoif,lcGifhenf;yg;apaom ae&mrsm;jzpfaevQif oif,lolrsm;\ tdrfESifheD;aom
ae&mrsm;wGif t&ef (ta0;a&muf odkYr[kwf wJGbuf) pmoifcef;rsm;jyKvkyf&ef wdkufwGef;tm;ay;Ekdifonf
(vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3? 6 ESifh 7 wdkYudkvnf; Munfhyg)/
6/ oif,lrIywf0ef;usifodkU oGm;a&mufonfhc&D;vrf;aMumif;rsm;/ / oif,lolrsm;tm;vHk;twGuf ab;uif;
vHkjcHKaom vrf;aMumif;rsm; jzpfap&ef q&m^rrsm;? ynma&;qkdif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;? touftkyfpktoD;oD;&Sd
a,musfm;av;ESifh rdef;uav;rsm; tygt0if &yf&Gmvlxku jzpfay:EdkifaomtEÅ&m,frsm;udk MudKwifawG;qNyD;
,if;wdkYudk ajz&Sif;Edkifrnfh enf;vrf;rsm;ESifhywfoufí oabmwlnDxm;oifhonf/ Oyrm- vrf;rD;r&Sdaom
vrf;rsm;rS pmoifcef;odkY toGm;tjyefjyKvkyf&aom ae&mrsm;wGif vlBuD;wpfOD;udk tapmifhtMuyftjzpf
xnfhay;jcif; odkYr[kwf t0wftpm;rsm;ESifh vG,ftdwfrsm;ay:wGif a&mifjyefjym;rsm; wyfqifay;jcif;wdkYjzifh vHkNcHKrIudk
wdk;jr§ifhay;Ekdifonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3 ESifh 7? &yf&Gmvlxkyl;aygif;yg0ifrI pHowfrSwfcsuf 1? vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 2
rS 5 (pmrsufESm- 23-26)? ynma&;rl0g'pHowfrSwfcsuf 1? vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 (pmrsufESm 107-108)
wdkYudkvnf; Munfhyg)/
7/ ynma&;vkyfief;rsm;udkwdkufcd kufcH&jcif;rS uif;a0;apjcif;/ / tcsKdUtajctaersm;wGif oif,lolrsm;?
q&m^rrsm;ESifh ynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;onf ynma&;taqmuftOD;rsm;odkY toGm;tjyefvrf;wGif ½kyfydkif;ESifh
vlrIpdwfydkif;qdkif&m tEÅ&m,frsm;ESifh BuHKawGU&Edkifonf/ þtEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajcrsm; avsmhusa&; aqmif&Guf&mwGif-
- oif½dk;nTef;wrf;wGif ab;uif;a&;twGufaqmif&Guf&rnfhtcsufrsm;? vlrIpdwfydkif;qdkif&myHhydk;ulnDrIESifh
vlYtcGifhta&;? y#dyu©ajz&Sif;a&;? Nidrf;csrf;rIwnfaqmufa&;ESifh vlom;csif;pmemrIqkdif&mOya'rsm;ESifh
pyfvsOf;aom todynmrsm;yg0ifapjcif;
- ppfyGJumvtwGif;wGif t&yfom;rsm; (ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;ESifh q&m^rrsm;tygt0if)ESifh
ynma&;taqmuftOD;udk wdkufcdkufjcif;rS wm;jrpfaom *sDeDAmoabmwlnDcsufESifh a&mrtjynfjynfqdkif&m
jypfrIcHk½Hk;Oya'wdkYESifh pyfvsOf;aom taMumif;t&mrsm;udk trsm;jynfolod&Sd em;vnfapjcif;
- tpdk;&ESifhppfbufqdkif&mw&m;pD&ifa&;pepfrsm;? vufeufudkifwyfzGJUrsm;ESifh vufeufudkiftkyfpkrsm;tm; vlom;csif;
65
pmemrIOya'qdkif&m tajccHpnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;ESifh ,if;wdkYudk ynma&;qdkif&m umuG,f apmifha&SmufrIwGif
toHk;jyKrIrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;í pGrf;aqmif&nfwnfaqmufay;jcif;
- taqmufttHkrsm;? wHwdkif;rsm;MuHUcdkifapjcif;ESifh vHkNcHKa&;tapmifhtMuyfrsm; (Oyrm- tcaMu;aiGay;xm;ol?
odkYr[kwf &yf&GmrSapwemh0efxrf;rsm;) csxm;jcif; oif,l&mae&mrsm;wGif q&m^rrsm;twGuf tdrf&m
pDpOfaqmif&Gufay;jcif;
- oif,lrIwnfae&mrsm;ESifh tEÅ&m,f&ifqdkif&aom ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;? q&m^rrsm;? ynma&;qdkif&m
wm0ef&Sdolrsm;tm; jyefvnfae&mcsxm;jcif;
- tdrftajcjyKESifh&yf&GmtajcjyK ausmif;rsm; xlaxmifjcif; wdkYyg0ifonf/
&yf&GmtajctaeESifh vHkNcHKa&;udpö&yfrsm;ay:rlwnfNyD; &yf&Gmvlxk odkUr[kwf &yf&Gmynma&;aumfrwDu
ausmif;rsm;udk umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;twGuf wm0ef,lEdkifonf/ Oyrm- tapmifhtMuyfrsm; xnfhay;jcif;?
oifMum;a&;ESifh ausmif;twGuf yHhydk;ulnDEdkif&ef ,HkMunfpdwfcs&aom &yf&Gmacgif;aqmif? bmoma&;
acgif;aqmifrsm;udk azmfxkwfowfrSwfjcif;wdkY yg0ifonf/ &yf&GmwGif;y#dyu©rsm;wGif ausmif;rsm;ESifh
oif,lrIwnfae&mrsm;udk ]Nidrf;csrf;a&;Zkefrsm;}tjzpf owfrSwfEdkifonfh pnf;rsOf;owfrSwfcsufrsm; ay:aygufap&ef
&yf&Gmvlxku y#dyu©jzpfaeolrsm;tMum; n§dEIdif;aqG;aEG;ay;Ekdifonf/
ukvor*¾vHkNcHKa&;aumifpDqHk;jzwfcsuf 1612 (2005)t& ausmif;rsm;ESifh aq;½Hkrsm;udk wdkufcdkufjcif;onf
tvGefpdk;&drf&aom csKd;azmufrI 6 ckxJrS wpfckjzpfonf/ ,if;odkY wdkufcdkufrIjzpfyGm;vmygu ukvor*¾
OD;aqmifaom ppfaq;MuD;Muyfjcif;ESifh tpD&ifcHwifjyjcif;enf;pepfjzifh owif;ay;ydkY tpD&ifcHoifhonf
(ynma&;rl0g'pHowfrSwfcsuf 1? vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 (pmrsufESm 107-108)? ynma&;rl0g'pHowfrSwfcsuf 2?
vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 4 (pmrsufESm 113) wdkYudkvnf; Munfhyg)/
8/ vlrIpdwfyd kif;qdkif&mulnDjcif;ESif h udk,fpdwfESpfyg;csrf;omokc&&Sda&;twGufoifwef;/ / q&m^rrsm;ESifh
tjcm;ynma&;qkdif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;onf oif,lolrsm;twGuf vlrIpdwfydkif;qdkif&mulnDrIqdkif&m oifwef;rsm;
&&Sdxm;oifhonf/ ,if;oifwef;rsm;wGif-
- pepfwuszGJUpnf;xm;onfh oif,ljcif;enf;vrf;oHk;jcif;
- uav;rsm;udkaysmf&Tifaponfhenf;pepfrsm;oHk;jcif;
- upm;jcif;ESifh tem;,ltyef;ajzjcif;
- b0wGufwmuRrf;usifp&mrsm; oifMum;ay;jcif;
- oifhavsmfonfh ae&modkY vTJajymif;ay;jcif;rsm; ponfjzifh oifMum;avhusifhay;Ekdifonf/
q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;\ udk,fpdwfESpfyg; csrf;omokc&&Sda&; aqmif&Gufay;&ef
ta&;BuD;onf/ odkYrSom oif,lolrsm;\ udk,fpdwfESpfyg; csrf;omokc&&Sda&;udk aqmif&GufEdkifNyD; ausmif;oif
ynma&;? odkYr[kwf ausmif;jyify ynma&;tpDtpOfrsm;udk atmifjrifrI&&Sdaprnf (oifMum;jcif;ESifh oif,ljcif;
pHowfrSwfcsuf 1\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 6 (pmrsufESm 80-81)? oifMum;jcif;ESifhoif,ljcif;pHowfrSwfcsuf 2\
vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 2 (pmrsufESm 83-84)? q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;pHowfrSwfcsuf 3
(pmrsufESm 101-102) wdkYudkvnf; Munfhyg)/
66
9/ tMurf;zufrIuif;aom pmoifcef;pDrHcefYcG JrI/ / 'gumrlabmif (Dakar Framework)t& ynma&;udk
tjyeftvSef em;vnfEdkkifrI? Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifh onf;cHEdkifrIwdkYudk wdk;jr§ifhay;Edkifaom? tMurf;zufrIESifh y#dyu©wdkYudk
wm;qD;umuG,fEdkifaom enf;vrf;rsm;jzifh aqmif&Gufoifhayonf/ þ&nfrSef;csufjynfhrD&ef q&m^rrsm;onf
tjyKoabmaqmifaom pmoifcef;pDrHcefYcGJrItwGuf yHUydk;ulnDrIudk vdktyfygonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm
oif,lrIywf0ef;usifonf tjyeftvSefem;vnfEdkkifrI? Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifh onf;cHEkdifrIwdkYudk wdk;jr§ifhay;EdkifNyD;
tMurf;zufrIESifh y#dyu©rsm;udk umuG,fwm;qD;Edkifaom uRrf;usifrIrsm;&&Sdap&ygrnf/ tjyKoabmaqmifaom
yYHydk;ay;rIESifh tjyKoabmaqmifaom pnf;urf;xdef;odrf;jcif;pepfwdkUonf xdkodkYaom oif,lrIywf0ef;usif
wnfaqmufjcif;twGuf tajccHtkwfjrpfrsm;jzpfonf/ ½dkufESufjypf'Pfay;jcif;? apmfum;ajymqdkjcif;?
t&SufcGJjcif;ESifh Ncdrf;ajcmufrIrsm;udk ,if;wdkYESifh tpm;xdk;ay;oifhonf/ Ncdrf;ajcmufrI[kqdk&mwGif pdwfzdpD;rI?
tMurf;zufrI? apmfum;tEdkifusifhrIESifh cGJjcm;qufqHrIrsm;yg0ifonf/ þtcsufrsm;udk q&m^rrsm;\
vkyfief;usifh0wfrsm;wGif xnfhoGif;oifhNyD; q&mtwwfoifwef;ESifh BuD;MuyfuGyfuJa&;vkyfief;rsm;wGif pepfwus
xnfYoGif; &Sif;vif;oifhonf (oifMum;jcif;ESifhoif,ljcif; pHowfrSwfcsuf 2 ESifY 3 (pmrsufESm- 83-90)?
q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm; ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm; pHowfrSwfcsuf 2 \ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3 (pmrsufESm- 101-
102) udkvnf; Munfhyg)/
10/ &yf&Gmvlxkyl;aygif;yg0ifrI/ / &yf&Gmvlxkonf oif,lrIywf0ef;usifudk zefwD;&mwGifvnf;aumif;? a&&Snf
wnfwHUatmif aqmif&Guf&mwGifvnf;aumif;? umuG,fapmifha&Smuf&mwGifvnf;aumif; OD;aqmifonfh
tcef;u@rS yg0ifoifhonf/ tpDtpOfa&;qGJ&mü xdcdkufcH&vG,faom tkyfpkrsm;tm;vHk;\ udk,fpm;vS,frsm;
yl;aygif;yg0ifapoifhonf/ þodkUaqmif&Gufjcif;jzifh &yf&Gmvlxku rdrdudk,fydkifvkyfief;uJYodkY rSwf,lvmjYyD;
ynma&;twGuf yHYydk;ulnDrIudk ydkrdk&&Sdaponf (&yf&Gmvlxkyl;aygif;yg0ifrIpHowfrSwfcsuf 1 (pmrsufESm 22-27)?
ynmoif,lcGifhESifh oif,lrIywf0ef;usif pHowfrSwfcsuf 1\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 7 (pmrsufESm 59)
wdkUudkvnf;Munfhyg)/
11/ ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfEd kifajcavQmhcsjcif;ESif h pDrHcefYcG JrI/ / ab;tEÅ&m,fumuG,fwm;qD;jcif;ESifh pDrHcefYcGJjcif;
vkyfief;rsm;udk yHhydk;ulnD&ef oif,lolrsm;? q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;tm; oifwef;ay;
avhusifhEdkifonf/ þodkUavhusifh&mwGif-
- ta&;ay:tajctae BudKwifjyifqifrItpDtpOfrsm; csrSwfjcif;ESifh toHk;csjcif;
- BudKwifarQmfrSef;xm;aom ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;ESifh rMumcPjzpfwwfonfh ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;twGuf
ZmwfwdkufavhusifhrI jyKvkyfjcif;
- ausmif;taqmuftOD; aqmufvkyfa&;ESifhqdkifaom ab;uif;vHkNcHKa&;tpDtpOfrsm;? aqmufvkyfa&;ESifh
roufqdkifaom tjcm;ab;uif;vHkNcHKa&;tpDtpOfrsm; (Oyrm- ivsifjzpfavh&Sdaom a'orsm;wGif
ausmif;taqmuftOD;rS rnfodkYxGufcGm&rnfqdkonfh tpDtpOf) ponfwdkY yg0ifEdkifonf/
ausmif;ab;tEÅ&m,fpDrHcefYcGJrI odkYr[kwf ab;uif;vHkNcHKa&;tpDtpOfrsm; taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gufjcif;udk
wdk;wufap&efESifh OD;aqmifEdkif&ef &yf&Gmvlxk odkYr[kwf ausmif;ab;uif;vHkNcHKa&;aumfrwDrsm;onff yHhydk;ulnDrIrsm;
vdktyfEdkifonf/ yHhydk;ulnDrI[k qdk&mwGif ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajcrsm;udk qef;ppfjcif;ESifh OD;pm;ay;tqifh
owfrSwfjcif;wdkYwGif ulnDjcif;? ½kyfydkif;ESifh ywf0ef;usifqdkif&m ab;tEÅ&m,fumuG,fwm;qD;a&; enf;AsL[mrsm;udk
67
taumiftxnfazmfjcif;ESifh tpDtpOfrsm;a&;qGJjcif;? wHkYjyefrIqdkif&m BudKwifjyifqifjcif;twGuf uRrf;usifrIrsm;
yg0ifonf/
ausmif;ae&ma&TUajymif;jcif;tpDtpOftygt0if ta&;ay:tajctaetwGuf BudKwifjyifqifrItpDtpOfrsm;udk
pmrwwfol? ½kyfydkif;? odrIydkif;ESif pdwfydkif;qdkif&m cRwf,Gif;rI&Sdolrsm; tygt0if vlwdkif; vufvSrf;rD &&SdapEdkifrnfh
enf;vrf;rsm; azmfxkwfNyD; rQa0oifhonf (ydkif;jcm;pdppfrIpHowfrSwfcsuf 1\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3 (pmrsufESm 37-
38)? ynmoif,lcGifhESifh oif,lrIywf0ef;usifpHowfrSwfcsuf 3\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 ESifY 2 (pmrsufESm 68-70)?
oifMum;jcif;ESifhoif,ljcif;pHowfrSwfcsuf 2\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 6 (pmrsufESm 86)? ynma&;rl0g'pHowfrSwfcsuf
1\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 2 ESifh 6 (pmrsufESm 108-110) wdkYudkvnf; Munfhyg)/
68
t"duvkyfief;rsm; (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpkrsm;ESifh ,SOfwGJzwf½I&efjzpfonf/)
• oif,lrIwnfae&mrsm;ESifh taqmuftOD;rsm;onf ab;uif;vHkNcHKNyD; oif,lolrsm;? q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;
ynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;tm;vHk; oGm;&vG,fonfhae&mrsKd;jzpfonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 rS 4 udkMunfhyg)/
• ,m,DESifhtNrJwrf; oif,lrI0ef;usifrsm;udk ab;tEÅ&m,f'PfcH'DZdkif;ESifh wnfaqmufyHkrsm;ESifhtnD jyifqifrGrf;rH?
jyKjyif? tpm;xdk;aqmufvkyfonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 2 ESifh 4 udkMunfhyg)/
• oif,l&mae&mrsm;udkjrifomodomatmif tumuG,fjyKpnf;&dk;umjcif;? xif&Sm;onfh trSwftom;rsm;jzifh
ydkif;jcm;owfrSwfxm;onf/
• oif,lrIwnfae&mtjzpf toHk;jyKaom taqmuftOD;rsm;onf vuff&SdtajctaeESifh qDavsmfudkufnDrI&SdNyD;
pmoifcef;rsm;? ½Hk;cef;? tyef;ajz&efae&m? oefYpifcef;rsm;twGuf ae&m tvHktavmuf&Sdonf
(vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpkrsm; 2 ESifh 4 udk Munfhyg)/
• pmoifcef;tus,ft0ef;ESifh xdkifcHkae&mcsxm;rIrsm;onf uav;tm;vHk;yl;aygif;yg0ifaom oifenf;pepfESifh
uav;A[dkjyK csOf;uyfenf;pepfrsm;ESifh udkufnDrI&SdNyD; q&mrsm;ESifh ausmif;om;rsm;twGuf tcsdK;us
owfrSwfxm;aom ae&mtus,ft0ef; &Sd&rnfjzpfonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 4 udk Munfhyg)/
• vli,frsm;tygt0if &yf&Gmvlxkonf oif,lrIywf0ef;usifwnfaqmufjcif;ESifh jyKjyifxdef;odrf;jcif;vkyfief;rsm;wGif
yl;aygif;yg0ifMuonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 rS 3 udk Munfhyg) /
• usm;-r? touft&G,f? roefpGrf;jzpfrIwdkYudkyg xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;vsuf wpfudk,fa&oefY&Sif;a&;ESifh umuG,f
apmifha&Smufa&;wdkYtwGuf a&aumif;a&oefYESifh oavsmfaom oefY&Sif;a&; taxmuftuljyK ypönf;rsm;udk
tvHktavmufyHhydk;xm;onf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3 ESifh 5-6 wdkYudk Munfhyg)/
• oif,lrIywf0ef;usifwGif usef;rma&;ESifh wpfudk,fa&oefY&Sif;a&;qdkif&m todynmESifh tavhtxrsm;udk
jr§ifhwifay;onf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 6 udk Munfhyg)/
• xda&mufaom oif,lrIESifh zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrItwGuf t[efYtwm;jzpfaponfh qmavmifrGwfodyfjcif;ESifh tjcm;
t[efYtwm;rsm;udk ajz&Sif;ay;Edkifonfh ausmif;tajcjyK usef;rma&;ESifh tm[m&jznfhwif;a&; vkyfief;rsm;udk
&&SdEkdifonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 7 udkMunfhyg)/
• ausmif;rsm;ESifh oif,l&efae&mrsm;onf uav;oli,fumuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;? usef;rma&;? tm[m&? vlrIa&;ESifh
vlrIpdwfydkif;qdkif&mvkyfief;rsm;ESifh csdwfqufxm;onf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 8 udkMunfhyg)/
vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpkrsm;
1/ wnfae&m/ / ynma&;qdkif&mtaqmuftOD;rsm;onf oif,lolrsm;? q&m^rrsm;ESifh ynma&;qdkif&m
yk* ¾dKvfrsm;twGuf nDfnGwfrQwrI&SdNyD; ½kyfydkif;qkdif&m ab;uif;vHkNcHKrIudk jr§ifhwifay;Edkifaom ae&mrsm;wGif
jyefvnfwnfaqmuf? jyKjyif? jyefvnfae&mcsrIrsm; jyKvkyfoifhonf/ ta&;ay:tajctaerwdkifrDu toHk;jyKcJhaom
ynma&;taxmuftulypönf;rsm;onf oif,lolrsm;? q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;\
ab;uif;vHkNcHKa&;ESifh udk,fpdwfESpfyg;csrf;omrIudk ydkrdkjzpfay:apNyD;? usef;rma&;? tm[m&? vlrIpdwfydkif;ESifh
umuG,fapmifha&SmufrIqdkif&m 0efaqmifrIrsm;ESifh qufpyfaeonf/
ynmoif,lcGif hESif hoif,lrIywf0ef;usif pHowfrSwfcsuf 3/
taxmuftulypönf;rsm;ESif h0efaqmifrIrsm;
69
ae&mudk jyefvnftoHk;jyKoifh? roifhudk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&ef ta&;BuD;onf/ rlvae&mwGif
jynfvnfwnfaqmufjcif;jzifh &yf&GmtwGif;&Sd tcsKdUaomtkyfpkrsm;tm; qufvufcGJjcm;qufqHjcif;? odkYr[kwf
oif,lolrsm;tm; obm0ab;tEÅ&m,f xyfrHBuHKawGUEdkifapjcif;wdkY jzpfay:Ekdifonf/ y#dyu©ESifh ab;tEÅ&m,f
jzpfEdkifajc&Sdonfrsm;udk aocsmpGm ppfaq;tuJjzwf&ef tvGefta&;BuD;onf/ ppfaq;rIrsm;wGif EdkifiHawmf
tzGJUtpnf;rsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh &yf&Gmvlxk txl;ojzifh xdcdkufcH&vG,faom &yf&Gmvlxkrsm;ESifh
aqG;aEG;tBuHjyKcsuf &,ljcif;rsm;yg0ifonf/ þppfaq;rIrS ynma&;taqmuftOD;ESifh taxmuftulypönf;rsm;
wnfaqmufoifhonfh ae&mESifh ywfoufaom tzdk;wef owif;tcsuftvufrsm; &&SdEdkifonf/ tjcm;u@rsm;ESifh
yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif; (,m,Dpcef;twGuf n§dEIdif;aqmif&Gufjcif;? pDrHcefYcGJjcif;? cdkvIH&mae&mESifh usef;rma&;qdkif&m
0efaqmifrIvkyfief;) jzifh ausmif;ESifh ynma&;taxmuftulypönf;rsm;onf oif,lolrsm;\tdrfrsm;?
tjcm;0efaqmifrIvkyfief;rsm;ESifh tvSrf;ra0;atmif pDpOfaqmif&GufEdkifonf (ydkif;jcm;pdppfrIpHowfrSwfcsuf 1 \
vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 rS 6 (pmrsufESm 35-39)? ynmoif,lcGifhESifhoif,lrIywf0ef;usifpHowfrSwfcsuf 2 \
vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 11 (pmrsufESm 66-67)? ynma&;rl0g' pHowfrSwfcsuf 1\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3 (pmrsufESm
109)? ESifh n§dEIdif;aqmif&GufrIpHowfrSwfcsuf 1 (pmrsufESm 31-34) wdkYudkvnf; Munfhyg)/
2/ taqmuftOD;zG JUpnf;wnfaqmufyHk? 'DZd kif;ESif h aqmufvkyfjcif;/ / ,m,DESifhtNrJwrf;toHk;jyKrnfh
ynma&;qdkif&m taqmuftOD;rsm;\ 'DZdkif;a&;qGJjcif;ESifh aqmufvkyfjcif;jyKvkyf&mwGif atmufazmfjyyg
tcsufrsm;udk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&ef ta&;BuD;onf/
- ab;uif;vHkNcHKaomae&ma&G;cs,fjcif;/ / ysufpD;oGm;aom ausmif;taqmuftOD;rsm;\zGJUpnf;yHk ab;uif;
vHkNcHKjcif; &Sd? r&Sdudk uRrf;usifynm&Sifrsm;u ppfaq;&efvdkonf/ jyefvnfaexdkif&ef? jyifqif&ef? jyefvnftm;jznfh
wwfqif&ef? odkYr[kwf tpm;xdk;&ef wdkYtwGuf vdktyfcsufESifh ukefusp&dwftay: tajccHum OD;pm;ay;
aqmif&Guf&rnfh taqmufttHkrsm;udk owfrSwf&efvdkonf/
- vlwdkif;yg0ifEdkifNyD; ab;tEÅ&m,f'PfcHEdkifaom 'DZdkif;ESifh aqmufvkyfrI/ / ausmif;rsm;twGuf ,m,DESifhtNrJwrf;
taqmuftOD;rsm; aqmufvkyfjcif;rsm;wGif EdkifiHwumtqifh tpDtpOfa&;qGJjcif;ESifh tqmufttHkqdkif&m
Oya'rsm; (odkYr[kwf ,if;owfrSwfcsufrsm;u tqifhjrifhvGef;aeygu jynfwGif; tqmufttHkqdkif&mOya'rsm;)udk
toHk;jyKoifhonf/ ausmif;tjzpf toHk;jyKEdkifaom taqmufttHkrsm;udk rD;ab;? rkefwdkif;? ajrivsifESifh
ajrNydKjcif;uJhodkYaom tEÅ&m,fESifh &ifqdkif&onfhtcg cHEkdif&nf&Sdaprnfh 'DZdkif;a&;qGJum aqmufvkyf
xdef;odrf;oifhonf/ ausmif;aqmif jyefvnfwnfaqmufrIvkyfief;rsm;onf oif,lolrsm;? q&m^rrsm;ESifh
tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&m yk*¾dKvfrsm; ausmif;oGm;ausmif;jyef&mwGif tEÅ&m,fuif;a0;apoifhonf/ taqmufttHk
'DZdkif;qGJjcif;ESifh aqmufvkyfjcif;rsm;wGif tvif;a&mif? av0ifavxGufESifh (vdktyfygu) tylay;jcif;wdkY
tvHktavmuf &&Sdatmif pDpOfjcif;jzifh t&nftaoG;&SdoifMum;-oif,lrIywf0ef;usif jzpfay:aponf/
- taqmufttHkrsm;udk a'oqdkif&mtmPmydkiftzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh &yf&Gmvlxku wwfEdkifaomp&dwfjzifh
xdef;odrf;Edkifjcif; &Sd? r&Sd/ / taqmufttHk aqmufvkyf&eftwGuf &yf&Gma'otwGif; 0,f,l&&SdEkdifaom
ypönf;rsm;ESifh vkyftm;udk wwfEdkiforQ toHk;jyKoifhonf/ taqmufttHkrsm;onf ukefusoavmuf
tusKd;rsm;ap&rnfjzpfNyD; acgifrdk;? Murf;cif;ponfwdkYudk wm&SnfcH&eftwGuf aqmif&Gufoifhonf/
- &Ekdifaombwf*suf? vwfwavmESifh a&&SnftoHk;jyKEdkifrI? &yf&Gmvlxk? ynma&;pDrHudef;a&;qGJolrsm;ESifh
pDrHcefYcGJolrsm;\ yl;aygif;yg0ifrI
70
taqmufttHkzJGUpnf;wnfaqmufyHkonf ,m,DtoHk;jyK&ef? umvtwdkif;twm wpfcktxd toHk;jyK&ef?
tNrJwrf;toHk;jyK&ef? xyfrHwdk;csJU&ef? odkUr[kwf a&TUajymif;&eftwGuf jzpfEkdifonf/ ta&;ay:tajctaewGif
ab;'PfcH&yHk uGJjym;jcm;em;aom tkyfpkrsm;u yl;aygif;í ausmif;aqmufvkyfjcif;? ausmif;aqmifxdef;odrf;jcif;
ponfh vkyfief;rsm;udk aqmif&Gufjcif;jzifh y#dyu©ESifh roifhrwifhjzpfrIwdkYudk avsmhenf;apEkdifonf (ynmoif,lcGifhESifh
oif,lrIywf0ef;usifpHowfrSwfcsuf 2\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 11 (pmrsufESm 66-67)? ynma&;rl0g'
pHowfrSwfcsuf 1\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3 (pmrsufESm 109) INEE Toolkit: www.ineesite.org/toolkit wGif
&Edkifaom INEE Guidance Notes on Safer School Construction? Shelter ESifh Settlement and Non-Food Items
ESifhpyfvsOf;aom Sphere pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;ukd vnf;Munfhyg)/
3/ roefpGrf;olrsm;/ / ynma&;taxmuftul taqmuftOD;'DZdkif;rsm; a&;qGJ&mwGif udk,ft*FgcsKdU,Gif;olrsm;ESifh
tjriftm½HkcsKdU,Gif;olrsm;\ vdktyfcsufudk txl;*½kjyKxnfhoGif;pOf;pm;oifhonf/ 0ifaygufxGufaygufrsm;onf
bD;wyfukvm;xdkif odkYr[kwf tjcm; tula&GUvsm;ypönf;oHk;olrsm; tvG,fwul0ifxGufEdkif&ef vdktyfonf/
pmoifcef;tus,fESifh y&dabm*rsm;? a&ESifhoefY&Sif;a&;oHk;ypönf;rsm;? oefYpifcef;rsm;onf roefrpGrf;olrsm;\
vdktyfcsufESifh udkufnDoifhonf/ ynma&;taxmuftuljzpfaom taqmuftOD;rsm;twGuf ae&ma&G;cs,fjcif;ESifh
jyefvnfaqmufvkyfjcif;vkyfief;rsm;udk azmfxkwfowfrSwfonfhtcg roefpGrf;rI yHkpHtrsKd;rsKd;&Sdaeolrsm;?
roefpGrf;uav;i,fESifh vli,frsm;\ rdbrsm;udk ukd,fpm;jyKonfh tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifhtwl &yf&Gma'otqifhESifh
EdkifiHtqifh yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrIvnf; &Sdoifhonf/
4/ oif,l&mae&mrsm;twGuf 'DZd kif;a&;qGJrIESif h xdef;odrf;apmifha&SmufrI/ / oif,l&mae&mrsm;twGuf
'DZdkif;a&;qGJ&mwGif rnfolwdkY toHk;jyKrnf? rnfodkYtoHk;jyKrnfudk aocsmpGmxnfhoGif;pOf;pm;oifhonf/
toHk;jyKrnfhol tm;vHk;twGuf usm;-r? touf? cE¨mudk,foefpGrf;rIESifh ,Ofaus;rIqdkif&m tcsufrsm;
xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;NyD; &rnfhtcsufrsm;ESifhavsmfnDrI&Sd&ef aqmif&Guf&rnf/ &yf&GmtwGuf vufawGUusaom
pHcsdefpHnTef;rsm;csrSwf&mwGif uav;OD;a&rsm;aom pmoifcef;rsm; twGuf pOf;pm;ay;oifhonf/ ausmif;0ifEIef;
wdk;vmygu tqdkif;cGJí ausmif;wuf&jcif;udk wjznf;jznf; avQmhcsEkdif&eftwGuf jzpfEkdifvQif pmoifcef;
wdk;csJUEdkif&eftwGuf ae&mvHkvHkavmufavmuf&Sdoifhonf/ ta&;ay: tajctaewGif oif,lolrsm;? q&m^rrsm;ESifh
tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk* ¾dKvfrsm; ab;uif;vHkNcHKpGm xGufEdkif&ef 0ifaygufxGufaygufrsm; xm;ay;&efvdkonf/
oefYpifcef;ESifh pm;yGJ? ukvm;xdkif? oifykef;ponfh y&dabm*rsm; tygt0if taqmufttHkzGJUpnf;wnfaqmufrIudk
yHkrSef xdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufoifhonf/ &yf&GmvlxkESifh &yf&Gmynma&;aumfrwDrsm;onf oif,l&mae&mrsm;
jyKjyifxdef;odrf;apmifha&Smufjcif;wGif vkyftm;? tcsdef odkYr[kwf ypönf;wdkYjzifh yg0ifulnDEkdifonf (q&m^rrsm;ESifh
tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk* ¾dKvfrsm;pHowfrSwfcsuf 3 \ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 (pmrsufESm 101) udkvnf; Munfhyg)/
5/ ywf0ef;usifoefY&Sif;a&; taxmuftulypönf;rsm;/ / ,if;taxmuftulypönf;rsm;onf oif,lrI
ywf0ef;usiftwGif; odkUr[kwf teD;wGif &Sdoifhonf/ þodkUpDpOfEdkifa&;twGuff a&ESifhywf0ef;usifoefY&Sif;a&;
u@ESifh yl;aygif;aqmif&Guf&ef ta&;BuD;onf/ ywf0ef;usifoefY&Sif;a&;wGif-
71
- trIdufyHk;rsm;? trIdufusif;rsm;uJhodkYaom trIdufpGefYypf&efae&mrsm;
- a&pdrfhwGif;rsm;ESifh a&qdk;rsm;pD;qif;Edkifonfh a&ajrmif;rsm;
- wpfudk,fa&oefY&Sif;a&;ESifh tdrfomrsm; aq;aMum&ef vHkavmufaoma& wdkYyg0ifonf/
oefY&Sif;a&; taxmuftulypönf;rsm;udk roefpGrf;olrsm;vnf; oHk;pGJEdkifNyD;? oD;oefY? odu©m&SdpGmESifh ab;uif;vHkjcHKpGm
tokH;jyKEdkifonfh ae&mrsKd;jzpfoifhonf/ tdrfomwHcg;rsm;wGif twGif;wHcg;*sufrsm; xm;oifhonf/ vdifydkif;qdkif&m
rzG,fr&m jyKusifhrIESifh tEdkifusifhapmfum;rIudk BudKwifumuG,fwm;qD;Edkif&ef (usm;)? (r) tdrfom
oD;oefYcGJxm;&rnf jzpfNyD;? (r) tdrfomrsm;onf vHkNcHKaom? vufvSrf;rDaom? tvG,fwul a&mufEdkifaom
ae&mrsm;wGif wnf&Sdoifhonf/ ausmif;tdrfomrsm;ESifh ywfoufí Sphere vrf;nTefcsufrsm;wGif rdef;uav; 30
vQif tdrfomwpfvHk;? a,musfm;av; 60 vQif tdrfomwpfvHk; vdktyfonf[kqdkonf/ tpydkif;wGif oD;oefY
tdrfomrsm; ryHhydk;ay;Edkifao;vQif rdef;uav;ESifh a,mufsm;av;rsm;tm; tdrfomwpfcsdefwnf;wGif toHk;jyKjcif;udk
a&Smif&Sm;&ef pDpOfay;xm;rIrsm; jyKvkyfEdkifonf/ oif,l&mae&mwGif tdrfomrsm; &SdraevQif teD;tem;wGif
toHk;jyKEdkif&ef owfrSwfay;NyD; uav;rsm;toHk;jyKjcif;udk apmifhMunfhppfaq;&rnf (Water Supply Sanitation and
Hygiene Promotion Sphere tcef;&Sd tnpftaMu;pGefYypfz,f&Sm;jcif;ESifh pyfvsOf;aom Sphere
pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;udkvnf; Munfhyg)/
vdktyfygu ausmif;olrsm;twGuf oefY&Sif;a&;oHk;ypönf;rsm;ESifh ,Ofaus;rIESifh avsmfnDaom t0wftxnfrsm;
axmufyHhay;jcif;jzifh 4if;wdkUtm; oif,lrIwGif tjynfht0 yg0ifEkdifaponf/
6/ a&aumif;a&oefYESif hwpfudk,fa&oefY&Sif;rIjr§if hwifjcif;/ / oif,lrIywf0ef;usifrsm;wGif a&aumif;a&oefY
&Edkifaom ae&m&SdoifhNyD; qyfjymudk yHhydk;ay;oifhonf/ vufaq;jcif;? rsufESmopfjcif;uJhodkYaom wpfudk,fa&
oefY&Sif;rItavhtusifhrsm;udk aeYpOfaqmif&GufrIudpörsm;tjzpf xnfhoGif;xm;oifhonf/ Sphere \
vrf;nTefcsufwGif ausmif;rsm;ü vdktyfonfh tedrfhqHk; a&yrmPtjzpf ausmif;om;wpfOD;twGuf wpfaeYwm
aomuf&efESifh vufaq;&ef 3 vDwmvdktyfonf[k qdkonf (Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion
tcef;&Sd a&&&SdrIESifhpyfvsOf;aom Sphere pHowfrSwfrsm;udkvnf; Munfhyg)/
7/ ausmif;usef;rma&;ESif htm[m&0efaqmifrIrsm;/ / ausmif;usef;rma&;ESifh tm[m&tpDtpOfrsm;onf
ynma&;udk usef;rma&;? tm[m&ESifh ywf0ef;usifoefY&Sif;a&;u@rsm;&Sd &if;jrpfrsm;ESifh qufpyfay;onf/
,if;wdkYu oif,ljcif;twGuf t[efYtwm;rsm;udk z,f&Sm;ay;NyD; oif,lolrsm;udk usef;rmzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufapEdkifonf/
tpDtpOfrsm;wGif-
- qmavmifrGwfodyfrIrsm;udk ajz&Sif;ay;&ef ausmif;wGif;auR;arG;a&;tpDtpOf
- uyfyg;a&m*gydk;rsm;udk ukoay;&ef oHcsay;jcif;
- ul;pufa&m*gumuG,fa&;qdkif&m tpDtpOfrsm; (0ufouf? 0rf;a&m*g? HIV ESifh AIDS ponf)
- ADwmrifESifhowåK"mwfjznfhpGufay;jcif; (ADwmrif-at? oH"mwfESifh tdkiftdk'if;"mwf ponf) wdkY yg0ifonf/
tpDtpOfrsm;onf urÇmhpm;eyf&du©mtpDtpOf\ ausmif;tm[m&auR;arG;jcif;qdkif&m vrf;nTefcsufuJhodkYaom
w&m;0iftodtrSwfjyKvrf;nTefcsufrsm;udk vdkufemoifhonf/ usef;rma&;u@? tm[m&u@wdkYESifh
n§dEIdif;aqmif&Guf&ef ta&;BuD;onf (Food Security and Nutrition ESifhpyfvsOf;aom Sphere
pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;udkvnf; Munfhyg)/
75
tajccHpHowfrSwfcsufrsm;-
&yf&Gmvlxkyl;aygif;yg0ifrI? n§dEd Iif;aqmif&GufrI? pdppfyd kif;jcm;rI
,Ofaus;rI? vlrIa&;?
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qDavsmfrI&Sdaom
oif½dk;nTef;wrf;rsm;udkf
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qufpyftajctae?
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toHk;jyKonf/
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qDavsmfqufpyfrI&SdNyD;
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pHowfrSwfcsuf 1-
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pHowfrSwfcsuf 2-
oifwef;ay;jcif;? twwf
ynmqdkif&mzHGUNzdK;wdk;wuf
apjcif;ESif hyH hyd k;ulnDjcif;
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pHowfrSwfcsuf 4-
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onf oif,loludk A[dkjyKonf?
yl;aygif;yg0ifrI&Sdonf?
vlwdkif;tusKH;0ifonf/
76
ynma&;tpDtpOfrsm;u t&nftaoG;&Sdaom oifMum;jcif;ESifh oif,ljcif;udk ay;pGrf;EdkifrSomvsif
ynmoif,lcGifh&&SdrIonf t"dyÜm,fjynfh0Edkifonf/ ta&;ay:tajctaersm;onf oif½dk;nTef;wrf;rsm;?
q&mrsm;twGufoifwef;? twwfynmqdkif&mzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrIESifh yHhydk;ulnDrI? oifMum;-oif,lrIjzpfpOfrsm;?
oif,lrI&v'frsm;ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;wdkYudk ydkrdkaumif;rGefaponfh tcGifhtvrf;rsm;udk jzpfay:apEdkifonf/ þodkUjzifh
oif,lolrsm;twGuf qDavsmfrI? yHhydk;ulnDrIESifh umuG,fapmifha&SmufrI&Sdaom ynma&;jzpfvmEdkifonf/
oif½dk;nTef;wrf;trsKd;tpm;ESifh t"du OD;pm;ay;oif,l&ef taMumif;t&mrsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;í qHk;jzwfcsufrsm; jyKvkyf&ef
ta&;BuD;onf/ vwfwavmESifha&&SnfwGif jzpfEkdifajc&Sdaom xdcdkufqHk;&IH;rIrsm;? Ncdrf;ajcmufrIrsm;ESifh tEÅ&m,frsm;udk
wm;qD;&efESifhavQmhcs&ef A[kokwESifh uRrf;usifrIudk ysKd;axmifay;jcif;onf OD;pm;ay;aqmif&Guf&rnfh vkyfief;jzpfonf/
vlUtcGifhta&;qdkif&mynma&;? Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifh w&m;rQwívGwfvyfaom EkdifiHom;qdkif&m ynma&;wdkUudk
tav;ay;oifhonf/
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b@maiGaMu;ydkif;qdkif&mtajccHwwfajrmufrI? pufrIvufrIESifh oufarG;ynm&yfqdkif&m avhusifhoifMum;ay;jcif;rsm;udk
vli,ftrsKd;om;rsm;ESifh trsKd;orD;i,frsm; txl;ojzifh ausmif;oifynma&;rNyD;qHk;aom xdcdkufcH&vG,folrsm;tm;
yHhydk;ay;oifhonf/ vkyfom;aps;uGufpdppfjcif;? pD;yGm;a&;ESifh tapmydkif;umv jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;u@rsm;ESifh
yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif;wdkYu ynma&;tpDtpOfrsm;udk qDavsmfqufpyfrI&SdapNyD; oif,l&&Sdaom pD;yGm;a&;
uRrf;usifrIrsm;udk ydkrdktoHk;0ifapEdkifygonf/
ta&;ay:tajctaetwGif; oifwef;rwuf&ao;ol odkYr[kwf oifwef;wufqJq&m^rrsm;ESifh ynma&;qdkif&m
wm0ef&Sdolrsm;taejzifh wdkuf½dkuf odkYr[kwf oG,f0dkufíjzpfap tusyftwnf;aMumifh jzpfay:vmaom
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oifMum;Edkifonfh uRrf;usifrIrsm; &&Sdatmif avhusifhay;&ef vdktyfonf/ pdwf'Pf&m&xm;onfh uav;rsm;tm;
yHhydk;ulnDEdkif&ef vlrIpdwfydkif;yhHydk;rIoifwef;uJhodkYaom oifwef;rsm;udkvnf; wufa&mufoifhonf/
ta&;ay:tajctaerS jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;umvtxd EdkifiHawmftzGJUtpnf;rsm;? ynma&;Xmersm;? tvkif&Sifrsm;u
oif½dk;nTef;wrf;rsm;udk w&m;0iftodtrSwfjyK&efESifh oifwef;qif;vufrSwfcsD;jrSifhay;&ef ta&;BuD;onf/
&yf&Gmvlxktaejzifh olwdkYuav;rsm;\ ynma&;udk EdkifiHawmfutodtrSwfjyKay;apvdkMuonf/ oifMum;-
oif,ljcif;vkyfief;pOfrsm;udk tcsdefESifhwpfajy;nD qDavsmfpGm ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;jzifh-
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- ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;? &yf&Gmvlxkrsm;ESifh oif,lolrsm;tm; wdk;wufrIESifh aqmif&Gufay;&ef
usef&Sdaeao;onfh vdktyfcsufrsm;udkod&Sdaponf /
77
t"duvkyfief;rsm; (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpkrsm;ESifh ,SOfwGJzwf½I&efjzpfonf/)
• ynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;onf oufqdkifoltm;vHk;ESifhtwl ausmif;oif½dk;nTef;wrf;tm; jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;?
a&;qJGjcif;ESifh qDavsmfatmif jyKjyifjcif;wdkYwGif OD;aqmifonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 rS 3 udkMunfhyg)/
• oif½dk;nTef;wrf;rsm;? jyXmef;pmtkyfrsm;ESifh jznfhpGufjyXmef;pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;onf oif,lolrsm;\ touft&G,f?
zGHUNzdK;rItqifh? bmompum;? ,Ofaus;rI? pGrf;aqmif&nfrsm;? vdktifrsm;ESifh qDavsmfudkufnDrIonf
(vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 rS 4 udkMunfhyg)/
• 'ku©onfrsm;ESifh a&TUajymif;ae&mcsxm;cH&olrsm;\ ynma&;wGif toHk;jyKaom oif½dk;nTef;wrf;ESifh pmar;yGJrsm;udk
tdrf&Siftpdk;&ESifh vufcHoltpdk;&wdkYu todtrSwfjyKonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3 udkMunfhyg)/
• ausmif;oifESifh ausmif;jyify ynma&; oif½dk;nTef;wrf;rsm;onf ab;tEÅ&m,favQmhcsa&;? ywf0ef;usif
xdef;odrf;a&;ESifh y#dyu©wm;qD;umuG,fa&;wdkYudkyg oifMum;onf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3 ESifh 4 udk Munfhyg)/
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tygt0if tajccHynmqdkif&m t"duusaom uRrf;usifwwfajrmufrIrsm;udk NcHKiHkrdonf/ (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 4
ESifh 5 udkMunfhyg)/
• oif½dk;nTef;wrf;rsm;onf oif,lolrsm;\ vlrIpdwfydkif;qdkif&m udk,fpdwfESpfyg;csrf;omjcif;ESifh
umuG,fapmifha&Smufjcif;qdkif&m vdktifrsm;udk jznfhqnf;ay;onf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 6 udk Munfhyg)/
• oif,lrItaMumif;t&m? pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;ESifh vrf;nTefcsufrsm;? oifMum;rIrsm;udk oif,lolrsm;\
bmompum;(rsm;)jzifh yHhydk;ay;onf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 7 udkMunfhyg)/
• oif½dk;nTef;wrf;rsm;? jyXmef;pmtkyfrsm;ESifh jznfhpGufjyXmef;pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;onf usm;-ru@uJGjym;jcm;em;rIudk
txl;owdxm;onf? trsKd;rsKd;uGJjym;jcm;em;jcif;udk todtrSwfjyKonf? cGJjcm;qufqHjcif;udk wm;qD;onf?
oif,loltm;vHk;twGuf av;pm;rIudk jr§ifhwifay;onf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 8 udkMunfhyg)/
• jynfwGif;ü0,f,l&&SdEdkifaom oifMum;-oif,lrI taxmuftulypönf;rsm;udk tcsdefrDtvHktavmuf yHhydk;ay;onf
(vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 9 udkMunfhyg)/
vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpkrsm;
1/ oif½d k;nTef;wrf;/ / oif½dk;nTef;wrf;onf oif,lolrsm;\ todynmESifh uRrf;usifrIrsm;udk wdk;jrSifhay;&eftwGuf
4if;wdkUtm; taxmuftuljyKonfh vkyfief;tpDtpOfjzpfonf/ 4if;udk ausmif;oifESifh ausmif;jyify
ynma&;tpDtpOf ESpfrsKd;pvHk;wGifoHk;NyD; oif,loltm;vHk;ESifh qDavsmfatmif jyKjyifajymif;vJEdkif&ef vdktyfonf/
oif½dk;nTef;wrf;wGif oif,lrI&nf&G,fcsufrsm;? oif,lrItaMumif;t&m? ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;rsm;?
oifMum;enf;rsm;ESifh oifMum;a&;ypönf;rsm; yg0ifonf/
- ]oif,lrI&nf&G,fcsufrsm;}onf oifMum;-oif,lrIrS&&Sdvmrnfh todynm? oabmxm;rsm;ESifh uRrf;usifrIrsm;
azmfxkwfowfrSwfonf/ þodkUjzifh oif,lolwdkY\ odrI? vlrIa&;? pdwfcHpm;rIESifh ½kyfydkif;qdkif&m
zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrIrsm;udk wdk;jr§ifhay;onf/
,Ofaus;rI? vlrIa&;? bmompum;wdkYESifh qDavsmfrI&Sdaom oif½dk;nTef;wrf;rsm;udkf ausmif;oifESifh ausmif;jyify
ynma&;wdkYwGif oif,lolwdkY\ qufpyftajctae? vdktifrsm;ESifh udkufnDpGmtoHk;jyKonf/
oifMum;jcif;ESif hoif,ljcif;rI pHowfrSwfcsuf 1/
oif½d k;nTef;wrf;rsm;
78
- ]oif,lrItaMumif;t&m}onf ta&;tzwf? twGuftcsufESifh b0wGufwmuRrf;usifp&mponfh
bmom&yfe,fy,frsm;udk &nfnTef;onf/
- ]ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;} onf oif,lrItaMumif;t&mwGif yg0ifonfh todynm? oabmxm;ESifh
uRrf;usifrIrsm;teuf rnfonfwdkUudk oif,l&&SdaMumif;od&Sd&efwdkif;wmjcif;jzpfonf/
- ]oifMum;enf;rsm;} onf oif,lolrsm;tm; oif,lrItaMumif;t&myg todynmESifh uRrf;usifrIrsm;
ydkUcs&mwGif a&G;cs,ftoHk;jyKaom csOf;uyfenf;udk &nfnTef;onf/
- ]oifMum;a&;ypönf;rsm;}onf pmtkyfrsm;? ajryHkrsm;ESifh um;csyfrsm;? aemufqufwGJavhvm&ef pmtkyfpmwrf;rsm;?
q&m^rrsm;twGuf vuffpJGpmtkyf? ypönf;ud&d,mrsm;? upm;p&mrsm;ESifh tjcm; oifMum;-oif,lrIypönf;rsm;udk
&nfnTef;onf/
2/ qufpyftajctae? touft&G,f? zG HUNzdK;rItqifhrsm;ESif h udkufnDaomoif½d k;nTef;wrf;rsm;/ /
oif½dk;nTef;wrf;rsm;onf oif,lolrsm;\touft&G,fESifh udkufnDoifhNyD; tm½HkcHrI? pdwfydkif;? odrI? vlrIpdwfydkif;ESifh
½kyfydkif;qdkif&m zGHUNzdK;rItqifhrsm;ESifh vdkufzufnDoifhonf/ ta&;ay:tajctaerS jyefvnfxlaxmifonfh
tajctaersm;txd ausmif;oifynma&;ESifh ausmif;jyifyynma&; tpDtpOfrsm;twGif; touft&G,fESifh
zGHUNzdK;rItqifhrsm;onf trsKd;rsKd; uJGjym;Edkifonf/ odkUjzpfí oif½dk;nTef;wrf;ESifh oifMum;enf;pepfrsm;udk
qDavsmfatmif jyKjyifajymif;vJ&ef vdktyfonf/ þodkU jyKjyifajymif;vJEdkif&ef q&m^rrsm;tm; yHhydk;ulnDrIrsm;
aqmif&Gufay;oifhonf (oifMum;jcif;ESifhoif,ljcif; pHowfrSwfcsuf 2 (pmrsufESm 83-86) udkvnf; Munfhyg)/
3/ oif½d k;nTef;wrf;jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;ESif ha&;qJGrI/ / oif½dk;nTef;wrf;jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;ESifh a&;qJGrIonf
tcsdef,l&NyD; tydkif;u@rsm;pGm yg0ifonfY&IyfaxG;aomvkyfief;pOf jzpfojzifh oufqdkif&m ynma&;qdkif&m
wm0ef&Sdolrsm;uom aqmif&Gufoifhonf/ ta&;ay:tajctaetwGif; odkUr[kwf ta&;ay:umvaemufydkif;wGif
ausmif;oifynma&; tpDtpOfrsm; jyefvnfxlaxmifaeqJjzpfvQif owfrSwfxm;aom rlvwef;ESifh
tv,fwef;tqifh oif½dk;nTef;wrf;rsm;udk toHk;jyKoifhonf/ ynma&;tpDtpOf r&Sdaom tajctaewGif
oif½dk;nTef;wrf;rsm;udk tvsiftjref a&;qGJ&efvdkonf? odkUr[kwf qDavsmfrSK&Sdatmif jyKjyif&efvdktyfonf/
tjcm;EdkifiHodkU xGufajy;cdkvSHKaom 'ku©onfrsm;ESifh ywfoufygu vufcHaom wdkif;jynf odkYr[kwf rl&if;wdkif;jynfrS
oif½dk;nTef;wrf;rsm;tay: tajccHEdkifonf/ tjcm;udpö&yfrsm;wGifrl tvm;wl ta&;ay:tajctaewGif
toHk;jyKaom oif½dk;nTef;wef;udk qDavsmfatmif jyKjyifajymif;vJítoHk;jyKEdkifonf/
tjcm;EdkifiHodkU xGufajy;cdkvSHKonfh 'ku©onfrsm;&SdaomtajctaewGif 4if;wdkY\ qE´tavsmuf rl&if;EkdifiHodkY
tqifajypGm jyefEdkif&ef rl&if;EdkifiHESifh vufcHaomEdkifiH ESpfckpvHk;u vufcHonfh oif½dk;nTef;wrf;rsm;udk
toHk;jyKjcif;onf taumif;qHk;jzpfonf/ bmompum; uRrf;usifwwfajrmufjcif;ESifh pmar;yGJ&v'frsm;udk
todtrSwfjyKjcif; ponfwdkYudk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;vsuf &yf&Gma'owGif;ESifh tzGJUtpnf;tcsif;csif;tMum;
taMutvnf n§dEIdif;aqG;aEG;aqmif&Guf&ef vdkonf/ þvkyfief;rsm;ESifh ywfoufí qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;cs&mwGif
'ku©onfESifh vufcHaomEdkifiH\ tjrifrsm;? EdkifiHwumOya'wdkUudk xif[yfoifhfonf (ynma&;rl0g'pHowfrSwfcsuf 1
\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 7 (pmrsufESm- 110-111) udkvnf; Munfhyg)/
ta&;ay:tajctaejzpfyGm;pOfrS jyefvnfxlaxmifonfh umvwavQmufvHk; ausmif;oifESifh ausmif;jyify
ynma&; tpDtpOfrsm;\ oif½dk;nTef;wrf;rsm;wGif ta&;ay:tajctaeESifhudkufnDaom todynmESifh
uRrf;usifrIrsm; yg0ifoifhonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 5 udkMunfhyg)/
79
tcsdKUtkyfpkrsm;twGuf oD;oefYoif½dk;nTef;wrf;rsm; vdktyfonf/ ,if;tkyfpkrsm;rSm? Oyrm-
- toufarG;rItwGuf tvkyfvkyfae&aom uav;rsm;ESifh vli,frsm;
- vufeufudkifwyfzGJUrsm;? vufeufudkiftkyfpkrsm;ESifh ,cifu ywfoufcJholrsm;
- twef;ESifhudkifnDonfh toufxufydkBuD;aeolrsm; odkYr[kwf ausmif;xGufNyD;aemuf ESpf&SnfMumNyD;rS
ausmif;jyefwufolrsm;
- oufBuD;oif,lolrsm; wdkUjzpfonf/
oif½dk;nTef;wrf;ESifh zwfpmtkyfrsm;udk jykpkjcif;ESifh tuJjzwfjcif;? ynma&;tpDtpOfrsm;udk tcgtm;avsmfpGm
jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;wdkYudk oufqdkif&m ynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;u OD;aqmifoifhonf/ oif,lolrsm;?
q&m^rrsm;? q&m^rrsm;or*¾ESifh ab;'Pfoifh&yf&Gmvlxkrsm;u wuf<upGm yg0ifoifhonf/ jyXmef;pmtkyf
jyefvnfoHk;oyfa&;tzGifhwGif wdkif;&if;om; vlrsKd;pktoD;oD;ESifh xdcdkufcH&vG,fonfhtkyfpkrsm;rS udk,fpm;vS,frsm;udk
yg0ifapjcif;jzifh a&&SnfbufvdkufrIrsm;udk z,f&Sm;ay;EdkifNyD; uGJjym;jcm;em;aom &yf&Gmvlxkrsm;Mum; Nidrf;csrf;rIudk
wnfaqmufay;Edkifonf/ ¤if;tzGJUonf jyXmef;pmtkyfrsm;xJrS oabmxm;uGJapaom taMumif;t&mrsm;udk
z,f&Sm;&mwGifwif;rmrIrsm; rjzpfay:atmif *½kjyKoifhonf/
4 / t"duuRrf;usifwwfajrmufrIrsm;// oif,lrItaMumif;t&mESifh q&mtwwfoifynma&; pmtkyf
pmwrf;rsm;? oifaxmufulrsm;udk jyKpkjcif;ESifh qDavsmfatmif jyKjyifjcif;wdkYudk rjyKvkyfrD t"du
uRrf;usifwwfajrmufrIrsm;udk azmfxkwfowfrSwfoifhonf/ tajccHynma&;qdkif&m t"du
uRrf;usifwwfajrmufrIrsm;rSm-
- vufawGUtoHk;cs ta&;tzwfESifh twGuff
- odu©m&Sdaomb0udk &&SdEkdif&efESifh &yf&Gmvkyfief;rsm;wGiff wuf<upGmESifh t"dyÜm,f&SdpGm yg0ifaqmif&GufEdkif&ef
oif,lolrsm;twGuf r&Sdrjzpfvdktyfaom todynm? b0wGufwmuRrf;usifp&mrsm;? oabmxm;ESifh
vufawGUusifhoHk;rI wdkYjzpfonf/
vufawGUtoHk;csaqmif&Gufapjcif;jzifh t"duuRrf;usifwwfajrmufrIrsm;udk ydkrdk&&SdEdkifonf/ uav;oli,f
jyKpkapmifha&Smufa&; 0efaqmifrIrsm;udk uav;wdkif; &&Sdoifhonf/ uav;oli,ft&G,fwGif
tajccHaumif;rsm;&&Sdjcif;onf t"duuRrf;usifwwfajrmufrIrsm;udk &&SdapEdkifjyD;? 4if;wdkYudk
ydkifEkdifuRrf;usifaomtqifhodkU a&muf&SdapEdkifonfh cdkifrmaomtajccHrsm; jzpfygonf/
5/ b0wGufwmuRrf;usifp&mqdkif&m oif,lrItaMumif;t&mESif h t"dutodonmrsm;/ / ,if;onf
oif,lolrsm;\ touft&G,f? oif,lrIyHkpHtrsKd;rsKd;? tawGUtBuHK ywf0ef;usifwdkYESifh qDavsmfrSK&Sdoifhonf/
xdkUtjyif oif,lolrsm;u trSDtcdkuif;jyD; tusKd;&Sdaom b0rsm;udk OD;aqmifEdkif&ef 4if;wdkU\ pGrf;aqmif&nfudk
tm;jznfhay;onf/ oif,lrSKtaMumif;t&mESifh todonmrsm;onf qufpyftajctaeESifh udkufnD&rnfjzpfNyD;
4if;wdkUwGif-
- vdifESifh rsKd;qufyGm;usef;rma&;? HIVESifhAIDS wdkYyg0ifaom usef;rma&;ESifh wpfudk,fa& oefY&Sif;a&;wdk;jr§ifhjcif;
- uav;oli,fumuG,fapmifha&Smufjcif;ESifh vlrIpdwfydkif;qdkif&m yHhydk;ulnDrI
- vlYtcGifhta&;qdkif&mynma&;? EkdifiHom;aumif;jzpfrI? Nidrf;csrf;a&;wnfaqmufrIESifh vlom;csif;pmemrIqdkif&m
Oya'
- ajrjr§KyfAHk;ESifh raygufuGJao;aom vufeufypönf;rsm;qdkif&m ynmay;rItygt0if ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajc
avQmhcsa&;ESifh toufu,fq,fa&;pGrf;&nfrsm;
- ,Ofaus;rI? tyef;ajz tem;,lrI? tm;upm;ESifh *Dw? tu? jyZmwf ponfh tEkynm&yfrsm;
80
- toufarG;0rf;ausmif;rIqdkif&m uRrf;usifrSKrsm;? pufrIvufrIESifhoufarG;ynmqkdif&m uRrf;usifrSKrsm;
&&Sdatmif avhusifhay;jcif;
- &kd;&mESifh&yf&Gma'oywf0ef;usifqdkif&m A[kokw
- a,musfm;av;rsm;? rdef;uav;rsm;wGif BuHKawGU&wwfonfh Ncdrf;ajcmufrIrsm;? tEÅ&m,frsm;rS
umuG,fapmifha&SmufrIay;Edkfifaom uRrf;usifrSKrsm; yg0ifonf/
oif,lrItaMumif;t&monf oif,lolrsm;\ toufarG;0rf;ausmif;rIqdkif&m uRrf;usifrSKtajccHrsm;&&Sdaponf/
oufarG;ynmoifwef;tpDtpOfrsm;ü oifrnfhtaMumif;t&mudk tvkyftudkif &Edkifonfh tcGifhtvrf;rsm;tay:
rlwnfqHk;jzwfoifhNyD; tvkifcGifvufawGUtawGYtMuHK&&Sd&ef tvkifoifqif;apjcif;ponfwdkY yg0ifoifhonf (SEEP
uGef&uf\ Minimum Standards for Economic Recovery after Crisis? tvkyftudkifzefwD;ay;jcif;
pHowfrSwfcsufESifh vkyfief;zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrIpHowfrSwfcsufrsm;udkvnf; Munfhyg)/
y#dyu©jzpfyGm;&mae&m&Sd &yf&Gmvlxkrsm;wGif y#dyu©ajz&Sif;a&;? Nidrf;csrf;a&;todynmay;jcif;
taMumif;t&mrsm;ESifh oifenf;pepfrsm;onf tkyfpkrsm;tcsif;csif; em;vnfrIudk jzpfay:aponf/
jyefvnfoifYjrwfap&ef aphpyfnd§EIdif;jcif;ESifh Nidrf;csrf;a&;wnfaqmufjcif;rsm;udk aqmif&GufEdkifonfh qufoG,fa&;
pGrf;&nfrsm;udkvnf; jzpfay:aponf/ Nidrf;csrf;a&;todynm oifMum;jcif;udk pwiftaumiftxnf azmf&mü
&yf&Gmvlxku tjiif;yGm;aeonfhudpö&yfrsm;? xdcdkufemusifaponfh udpö&yfrsm;udk ajyvnfatmif ajz&Sif;ay;&ef
tqifoifhjzpfaeonftxd 4if;wdkUtm; *½kpdkufoifMum;ay;&ef vdktyfonf (ynma&;rl0g'pHowfrSwfcsuf 1 \
vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 (pmrsufESm 107-108) udkvnf; Munfhyg)/
6/ oif,lolrsm;? q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;\ vlrIpdwfydkif;qdkif&m vdktyfcsufrsm;?
tcGifhta&;rsm;ESifh zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrIrsm;/ / ,if;tcsufrsm;udk ta&;ay:tajctae\ tqifhwdkif;wGif
jyefvnfxlaxmifjcif; a&mufonftxd udkifwG,fajz&Sif;ay;oifhonf/ oif,lolrsm;wGif pdwfydkif;qdkif&m
xdcdkufemusifrIjzpfonfh vu©Pmrsm;udk owdxm;rd&ef ynma&;qdkif&m yk*¾dKvfrsm;tm; oifwef;ay;&ef
vdktyfonf/ pdwfxdcdkufemusifrIudk ajz&Sif;ay;&ef? oifhavsmfonfhae&modkU vTJajymif;tyfESHjcif; tygt0if
jyifytultnDrsm; &&Sdaponftxd aqmif&Gufay;oifhonf/ ausmif;wGif;ESifh ausmif;jyify uav;rsm;tm;
vlrIpdwfydkif;qdkif&m yHhydk;ulnDrIay;jcif;ESifh ywfoufí q&m^rrsm;? ynma&;udk yHhydk;ulnDay;ol 0efxrf;rsm;ESifh
&yf&GmvlxktwGuf &Sif;vif;aom vrf;nTefcsufrsm;&Sdoifhonf/ pdwfxdcdkufemusifrI cHpm;ae&aom
oif,lolrsm;twGuf BudKwifjyifqifxm;aom taqmufttHktwGif; tjyKoabmaqmifaom pnf;urf;
xdef;odrf;jcif;pepfrsm;udk oHk;vsuf tm½Hkpl;pdkufrIudk xdef;xm;Edkifatmif? oif,lcsdefwdkatmif pDrHxm;&efvdkonf/
oif,loltm;vHk;onf tm;vHk;yl;kaygif;yg0ifaom tyef;ajzjcif;ESifh oif,ljcif;qdkif&m vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;wGif
yg0ifaqmif&GufEdkifonf/ qDavsmfaom oifMum;enf;rsm;ESifh oif,lrItaMumif;t&mwdkYu oif,lolrsm;tm;
udk,fhudk,fudk,f ,HkMunfrIESifh tem*wftwGuf arQmfvifhcsufrsm;udk wdk;wufaponf (ynmoif,lcGifhESifh
oif,lrIywf0ef;usif pHowfrSwfcsuf 2\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 8 ESifY 9 (pmrsufESm 65-66)? ynmoif,lcGifhESifh
oif,lrIywf0ef;usifpHowfrSwfcsuf 3\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 8 (pmrsufESm 72)? ynma&;rl0g' pHowfrSwfcsuf 1 \
vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 (pmrsufESm 107-108) udkvnf; Munfhyg)/
ab;'PfcH&olrsm;xJrS a&G;cs,fcefYtyfxm;aom q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm; ynma&;qdkif&m yk*¾dKvfrsm;onfvnf;
oif,lolrsm;enf;wl pdwfxdcdkufemusifcHpm;rIESifh BuHKawGUEdkifonf/ ,if;udk avhusifhoifwef;ay;jcif;?
ppfaq;MuD;Muyfjcif;ESifh ulnDyHhydk;ay;jcif;wdkYjzifh ajz&Sif;ay;oifhonf/ q&m^rrsm;taejzifh rdrdudk,fwdkifESifh
81
oif,lolwdkY\ vlrIpdwfydkif;xdcdkufepfemaponftxd wm0efrsm;udkaqmif&Guf&ef rvdktyfyg (q&m^rrsm;ESifh
tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm; pHowfrSwfcsuf 3 \ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 6 (pmrsufESm 102)? Health Action
tcef;&Sd Mental Health and Psychosocial well-being ESifhpyfvsOf;aom Sphere pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;udkvnf; Munfhyg)/
7/ oifMum;ydk Ycsonfhbmompum;/ / oifMum;ydkYcsonfh bmompum;onf bmompum;rsKd;pHkoHk;aom
wdkif;jynfrsm;ESifh &yf&Gmvlxkrsm;wGif oabmxm;uGJvGJrIrsm; jzpfapEdkifonf/ vufvSrf;rrDrIudk avQmhcsEdkif&ef
oifMum;ydkYcs&mwGif oHk;rnfhbmompum;(rsm;)ESifh ywfoufonfh qHk;jzwfcsufcs&mü &yf&Gmvlxk? ynma&;qdkif&m
wm0ef&Sdolrsm;ESifh yg0ifywfoufolrsm;yg0ifonfh trsm;oabmqE´t& jyKvkyfoifhonf/ q&m^rrsm;onf
oif,lolrsm;em;vnfrnfh bmompum;(rsm;)jzifh oifMum;oifhNyD; rdbrsm;ESifh &yf&Gmvlxk em;vnfrnfh
bmompum;(rsm;)jzifhvnf; qufoG,fajymMum;oifhonf/ em;rMum;aom? rsufpdrjrifaom oif,lolrsm;vnf;
tjynfht0 yg0ifEdkif&ef qDavsmfrIt&SdqHk; bmompum;rsm;oHk;í oifMum;ay;oifhonf/ tydkaqmif;
oifwef;rsm;ESifhaqmif&GufrIrsm; txl;ojzifh uav;oli,ff jyKpkysdK;axmifa&;oifwef;rsm;udk oif,lol\
bmompum;(rsm;)jzifh oifMum;oifhonf/ 'ku©onfrsm;ESifh ywfoufonfh tajctaewGif vufcHwdkif;jynfrsm;ü
'ku©onfrsm; oHk;pGJaom bmompum;(rsm;)ESifh oif½dk;nTef;wrf;rsm;tygt0if pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;udk vdkufemonfh
ausmif;rsm; vdktyfEdkifonf/ ,if;wdkY\ tcGifhta&;rsm;udk od&Sd&efta&;BuD;onf/ xdkolwdkY\ tem*wf
tcGifhtvrf;rsm;ESifh ta&;ay:tajctae NyD;qHk;oGm;NyD;aemuf rl&if;EdkifiH odkYr[kwf vufcHEkdifiHwGif
ynmqufvufoifMum;cGifh&aprnfh vdktyfcsufrsm;udkvnf; xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&efvdkonf/ ae&ma&TUajymif;cH&aom
tajctaersm;wGif oif,lolrsm;tm; vufcH&yf&Gmvlxk odkYr[kwf vufcHEdkifiH\ bmompum;udk oif,lEdkif&ef
axmufyHhulnDay;oifhonf/ þtcsufu 'ku©onfrsm;tm; vufcH&yf&GmvlxktwGif; tvkyfvkyfapEdkifNyD; ynma&;
tcGifhtvrf;rsm;udk qufvuf&&Sdaponf/ (ynma&;rl0g'pHowfrSwfcsuf 1 \ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 7 (pmrsufESm
110-111) udkvnf; Munfhyg)/
8/ trsKd;rsK d;uGJjym;jcm;em;jcif;/ / trsKd;rsLd;uGJjym;jcm;em;jcif;udk ta&;ay:tajctaejzpfyGm;onfrS jyefvnf
xlaxmifonfh umvwpfavQmuf tqifhwdkif;ü ynma&;vkyfief;rsm;pDpOfa&;qJGjcif;ESifh taumiftxnfazmf
aqmif&Gufjcif;wdkYwGif xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;oifhonf/ trsKd;rsLd;uGJjym;jcm;em;jcif;wGif aemufcHtaMumif;t&m
uGJjym;jcm;em;onfh xdcdkufcH&vG,faomtkyfpkrsm;rS oif,lolrsm;? q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;
tygt0if? onf;cHEkdifrIESifh av;pm;rIwdk;jr§ifhjcif;rsm; yg0ifonf/
wduspGmazmfjy&vQif trsKd;rsKd;uGJjym;jcm;em;jcif;wGif atmufygu@rsm;yg0ifonf-
- usm;-r uGJjym;rI
- pdwfydkif;ESifh ½kyfydkif;csKdUwJhrI
- oif,lEdkifpGrf;
- 0ifaiG&&SdrI rwlaom tkyfpkrsm;rS oif,lolrsm;
- touft&G,ftrsKd;rsKd;&Sdonfh uav;rsm; yg0ifaom pmoifcef;rsm;
- ,Ofaus;rIESifh vlrsKd;
- wdkif;&if;om;rsKd;EG,fESifh bmoma&;
oif½dk;nTef;wrf;rsm;? oifMum;a&;qdkif&mypönf;rsm;ESifh oifMum;rIenf;pepfrsm;onf bufvdkufrIrsm;udk yaysmufapNyD;
nDnGwfrQwrIudk tm;jznfhay;oifhonf/ tpDtpOfrsm;wGif onf;cHEdkifrItaMumif; ajymMum;jcif;tjyif
82
pdwfoabmxm;ESifh tjyKtrlrsm;ajymif;vJap&ef aqmif&GufEdkifoifhonf/ odkYrSom wpfyg;olrsm;\ tcGifhta&;udk
ydkrdktodtrSwfjyKjcif;ESifh av;pm;jcif;udka&Sh&IEdkifrnfjzpfonf/ ausmif;wGif;ESifh ausmif;jyify ynma&;rSwqifh
vlUtcGifhta&;qdkif&m ynmay;jcif;jzifh touft&G,f? ,Ofaus;rIESifY udkufnDaom enf;vrf;rsm;jzifh trsKd;rsKd;
uGJjym;jcm;em;jcif;udk jr§ifhwifay;&ef yHhydk;ulnDay;oifhonf/ oifMum;rItaMumif;t&monf tjynfjynfqdkif&m
vlYtcGifhta&;rsm;? vlom;csif;pmemrIqkdif&mOya'? b0wGufwmuRrf;usifp&mrsm;ESifh csdwfqufEdkifonf/
jyXmef;pmtkyfrsm;ESifh tjcm;oifaxmufulypönf;rsm;udk jyefvnfpdppfwnf;jzwf&ef? vdktyfvQif vuf&Sd
oifaxmufulypönf;rsm;ESifh oifMum;enf;pepfrsm;udk rGrf;rHjyKjyifEdkiff&ef q&m^rrsm;taejzifh yHhydk;ulnDrI
vdktyfEdkifayonf (oifMum;jcif;ESifhoif,ljcif;pHowfrSwfcsuf 2 \ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 2 (pmrsufESm 83-84) ESifh
ynma&;rl0g' pHowfrSwfcsuf 1 \ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 7 (pmrsufESm 110-111) wdkYudkvnf; Munfhyg)/
9/ oif,lolrsm;twGuf jynfwGif;ü &Edkifaom oifaxmufulypönf;rsm;/ / ,if;oifaxmufulypönf;rsm;\
tajctaeudk ta&;ay:tajctaepwifcsdefwGif ppfaq;oifhonf/ 'ku©onfrsm; odkYr[kwf
ae&ma&TUajymif;cH&olrsm;wGif xdkolwdkY\ rl&if;wdkif;jynfrS ,laqmifvmaom oifaxmufulypönf;rsm;vnf;
yg0ifonf/ vdktyfvQif ,if;ypönf;rsm;udk oif,lolrsm;ESifY oifYavsmfatmif jyifqifjcif; odkYr[kwf
a&;qJGjyKpkay;oifhNyD; tm;vHk;twGuf ta&twGuf vHkavmufpGm &&Sdapoifhonf/ roefpGrf;olrsm; oif,lEdkif&ef
,if;wdkYESifY oifYavsmfaom yHkpHrsm;jzifhvnf; yhHydk;oifYonf/ oifaxmufulypönf;rsm; odkavSmifrI? jzefYjzL;rIESifh
toHk;jyKrIrsm;udk ppfaq;Mu;DMuyf&ef oufqdkif&mynma&;wm0ef&Sdolrsm;udk yHhydk;ulnDay;oifhonf (q&m^rrsm;ESifh
tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;pHowfrSwfcsuf 3 \ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 (pmrsufESm 101) udkfvnf;Munfhyg)/
83
t"duvkyfief;rsm; (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpkrsm;ESifh ,SOfwGJzwf½I&efjzpfonf)
• q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;onf 4if;wdkU\vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifhtnD oifwef;wuf&ef
tcGifhtvrf;rsm;udk &&SdEdkifonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 ESifY 2 udk Munfhyg)/
• oifwef;rsm;onf qufpyftajctaersm;ESifh qDavsmfrI&SdNyD; oif,lrI&nf&G,fcsufrsm;ESifh taMumif;t&mudk
xif[yfaponf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 ESifY 2 udk Munfhyg)/
• ynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;u oifwef;udk todtrSwfjyKonf? cGifhjyKonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3 ESifY 4udk Munfhyg)/
• vkyfief;cGif oifwef;ay;jcif;? yHhydk;ulnDjcif;? vrf;nTefrIay;jcif;? ppfaq;MuD;Muyfjcif;ESifh pmoifcef;BuD;Muyfjcif;
wdkYudk jynfhpHkatmif tm;jznfhay;rnfh oifwef;rsdK;udk uRrf;usifaom oifwef;enf;jyrsm;u OD;aqmifydkYcsonf
(vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3 ESifY 4 udkMunfhyg)/
• oifwef;ESifh pOfqufrjywf yHhydk;ulnDrIrsm;aMumifhvnf;aumif;? oifaxmufulypönf;rsm;ESifh yl;aygif;yg0ifonhf
oifMum;jcif;enf;pepfoHk;í oifMum;jcif;aMumifhvnf;aumif;? q&m^rrsm;onf oif,lrIywf0ef;usifwGif
xda&mufaom ulnDyhhHydk;ay;olrsm; jzpfvmMuonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3 rS 6 udkMunfhyg)/
• oifwef;rsm;wGif ausmif;oifESifhausmif;jyify oif½dk;nTef;wrf;rsm;twGuf tEÅ&m,fudkowdjyKem;vnfrI?
ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajcavsmhcsa&;? y#dyu©wm;qD;umuG,fa&;qdkif&m todynmESifh uRrf;usifrIrsm; yg0ifonf
(vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 6 udkvnf; Munfhyg)/
vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpkrsm;
1/ q&m^r/ / ]q&m^r} [lonf ausmif;oifESifhausmif;jyify ynma&;tpDtpOfrsm;wGif enf;jyrsm;? ulnDyHYydk;olrsm;?
yHkazmfvIyf&Sm;olrsm;udk &nfnTef;onf/ q&m^rrsm;wGif tawGUtBuHKtrsdK;rsdK;ESifh oifwef;trsdK;rsdK; wufzl;olrsm;
&SdEkdifonf/ olwdkUonf oufBuD;oif,lolrsm; odkYr[kwf &yf&Gmvlxkrsm;vnf;jzpfEdkifonf (q&m^rrsm;ESifh
tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;pHowfrSwfcsuf 1 rS 3 (pmrsufESm 77-88) udkvnf; Munfhyg)/
2/ q&m^roifwef;rsm;twGuf oif½d k;nTef;wrf;rsm;ESih foif,lrItaMumif;t&mrsm; a&;qJGjyKpkjcif;/ /
q&m^roifwef;rsm;twGuf oif½dk;nTef;wrf;rsm;ESihf oif,lrItaMumif;t&mrsm; a&;qJGjyKpkjcif;onf
ynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&SdolwdkY\ wm0efjzpfonf/ owfrSwfxm;aomp&dwfESifh tcsdefuefYowffcsuf&Sdaom
qufpyftajctaetwGif;wGif oif½dk;nTef;wrf;ESifh oif,lrIhtaMumif;t&monf oif,lolrsm;\ vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifh
&ydkifcGifhrsm;? ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;\ oD;oefYvdktyfcsufrsm;udk xif[yfapoifhonf/
oifwef;wGif ydkUcsrnfh taMumif;t&mrsm;wGif-
- usef;rma&;todynm tygt0if qDavsmfaom ta&;tzwf? twGuftcsuf? b0wGufwmuRrf;usifp&m
ponfY t"dutodynmrsm;?
- tjyKoabmaqmifaom pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;ESifh pmoifcef;pDrHcefYcGJrI? yl;aygif;yg0ifaom enf;vrf;rsm;ESifh
vlwdkif;tusKH;0ifynma&;tygt0if oifMum;enf;ynmESifh oifMum;enf;pepfrsm;?
q&m^r rsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk* ¾dKvfrsm;onf vdktyfcsufESifh tajctaet& qDavsmfqufpyfrI&SdNyD;
pepfusaom oifwef;rsm;udk tcgtm;avsmfpGm wufa&mufcGifh&&Sdonf/
oifMum;jcif;ESif hoif,ljcif; pHowfrSwfcsuf 2/
oifwef;ay;jcif;? twwfynmqdkif&mzHGUNzdK;wdk;wufapjcif;ESif h yH hyd k;ulnDjcif;
84
- q&m^r rsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;twGuf 0efxrf;usifh0w?f oif,lolrsm;tm; usm;-r
vlrIa&;&m tajccHaom tMurf;zufrI&Sdu ta&;,ljcif;? oifYavsmfaom tpD&ifcHpmESifh vTJajymif;ay;rI
vkyfief;pOfrsm;?
- ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajcavQmhcsjcif;ESifh y#dyu©wm;qD;umuG,fjcif;qdkif&mrlrsm;?
- oif,lolrsm;ESifh q&m^rrsm;\ vdktyfcsufrsm;? &yf&Gm&Sd0efaqmifrI vkyfief;rsm;ESifh vTJajymif;ay;rIpepfrsm;udk
&&SdEdkifrI tygt0if vlrIpdwfydkif;qdkif&m jzpfay:wdk;wufrIESifh yHhydk;ulnDrI?
- vlYtcGifhta&;qdkif&mrlrsm;? okH;oyf&Ijrifcsufrsm;ESifh vlom;csif;pmemrIqdkif&m Oya'rsm;? 4if;wdkY\ t"dyÜm,f?
&nfrSef;csuf? oif,lolrsm;\ vdktyfcsufESifh wdkuf&dkuf odkYr[kwf oG,f0dkufaomqufoG,frI? oif,lolrsm;?
q&m^rrsm;? &yf&GmvlxkESifh ynma&;qkdif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;\ wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;?
- oifYavsmfaom tajctaeESifh qDavsmfrI&Sdaom tjcm;taMumif;t&mrsm; yg0ifEdkifonf/
tpysKd;oifwef;rsm;wGif trsKd;rsKd;uGJjym;jcm;em;jcif;ESifh cGJjcm;qufqHrIudpö&yfrsm;udk udkifwG,fajz&Sif;yHkudk
xnfhoGif;oifhonf/ Oyrm- usm;-ru@uJGjym;rIESifh ywfoufí txl;owdxm;oifMum;&rnfh enf;AsL[mrsm;onf
q&m^rrsm;tm; pmoifcef;twGif; usm;-ru@ nDnGwfrQwrI&Sdapjcif;udk em;vnfNyD; vdkufemaqmif&Guf&ef
tm;ay;onf/ trsKd;orD; ynma&;0efxrf;rsm;ESifh &yf&GmvlxktzGJU0ifrsm;tm; oifwef;ay;avhusifhjcif;onf
pmoifcef;wGif;ESifh us,fajymaom vlYtzGJUtpnf;twGif; tjyKoabmajymif;vJrIudk tm;jznfhay;onf
(oifMum;jcif;ESifhoif,ljcif; pHowfrSwfcsuf 1 (pmrsufESm 77-82)? ynmoif,lcGifhESifh oif,lrIywf0ef;usif
pHowfrSwfcsuf 2\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 2? 3 ESifh 8 (pmrsufESm 62-63)? ynmoif,lcGifhESifh oif,lrIywf0ef;usif
pHowfrSwfcsuf 3\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 8 (pmrsufESm 72) ESifh q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&m
yk*¾dKvfrsm;pHowfrSwfcsuf 3 (pmrsufESm 101-102) wdkYudkvnf; Munfhyg)/
3/ oifwef;yH hyd k;ulnDjcif;ESif h n§dEI dif;aqmif&Gufjcif;/ / ynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;onf ausmif;oifESifh
ausmif;jyify q&mtwwfoif ynma&;vkyfief;tpDtpOfrsm; a&;qGJjcif;ESifh taumiftxnfazmfjcif;wdkYwGif
wwfEdkiforQ OD;aqmifoifhonf/ tu,fí ynma&;qdkif&m wm0ef&Sdolrsm;u þvkyfief;pOfudk OD;aqmifjcif;
rjyKEdkifvQif tzGJUtpnf;rsm;Mum; n§dEIdif;a&;aumfrwDrS vrf;nTefjcif;ESifh nd§EIdif;jcif;rsm; aqmif&Gufay;Ekdifonf/
oifwef;tpDtpOfrsm;wGif vkyfief;cGifoifwef;rsm;? ynma&;aumvdyfrsm;ESifh wuúodkvfrsm;\
ynma&;taqmuftOD;rsm;ESifh taxmuftulypönf;rsm;udk jyefvnftoHk;jyKjcif;wdkU yg0ifoifhonf/
ynma&;aumvdyfrsm;ESifh wuúodkvfrsm;onf a&&SnfwnfwHhaom ynma&;u@udk jyefvnfxlaxmif&mwGif
txl;ta&;ygonf (n§dEIdif;aqmif&GufrIpHowfrSwfcsuf 1\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 (pmrsufESm 31-32)
q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvflrsm; pHowfrSwfcsuf 3\ vrf;nTefcsuf 3 ESifh4 (pmrsufESm 102)
wdkYudkvnf; Munfhyg)/
EdkifiHawmftqifh ynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;ESifh tjcm;yg0ifywfoufolwdkUonf q&m^rrsm; vkyfief;cGif
oifwef;twGuf oif½dk;nTef;wrf;ESifh ,if;udktodtrSwfjyK&ef vkyfief;rsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;í ajymqdkaqG;aEG;jcif;wdkYudk
ta&;ay:tajctaetwGuf wHkYjyefaqmif&Gufjcif;\ tapmydkif;umvwGif vkyfaqmifoifhonf/ jzpfEdkifvQif
85
EkdifiHawmf\ t&nftcsif;jynfh0onfh q&m^rvdktyfcsufrsm;udk jznfhqnf;ay;Ekdifonfh vkyfief;cGifoifwef;tjzpf
pDpOfaqmif&Gufoifhonf/ ta&;ay:tajctaeESifh qufpyfrI&SdonfhtaMumif;t&mrsm; (Oyrm- vlrIpdwfydkif;qdkif&m
vdktyfcsufrsm;udk jznfhqnf;ay;jcif;)udkvnf; xnfhoGif;oifhonf/ 'ku©onfrsm;twGuf ausmif;pepfudk
&yf&Gma'o\ ynma&;pepfESifh oD;jcm;cGJxm;aomae&mrsm;wGif? 'ku©onfpcef;rS q&m^rrsm;\
vkyfief;cGifoifwef;onf rl&if;wdkif;jynf odkYr[kwf cdkvHI&mwdkif;jynf\ t&nftcsif;&Sd q&m^rrsm;tqifhodkY
a&muf&Sd&ef avhusifhaqmif&Guffay;oifhonf/
q&m^rrsm;twGuf qDavsmfonfhoifwef;rsm; a&;qGJtaumiftxnfazmf&ef a'ocH oifwef;enf;jyrsm;udk
pdppfowfrSwfoifhonf/ enf;jyrsm;\ oifwef;ydkUcsrI pGrf;&nfrsm;udk jr§ifhwifay;&ef vdktyfonf/ trsKd;om;ESifh
trsKd;orD; oifwef;enf;jyrsm;? oifwef;om;oifwef;olrsm;tMum; usm;-rtcsdK;nDrQap&ef aqmif&Gufoifhonf/
oifwef;enf;jy&&SdrI cufcJíaomfvnf;aumif; odkYr[kwf avhusifhrItjynfht0 r&&Sdaom enf;jyrsm;jzpfaevQif
aomfvnf;aumif; vkyfief;cGifoifwef;ay;jcif;ESifh vkyfief;cGiftMudK q&mjzpfoifwef;ay;aom oifwef;wdkYjzifh
tm;jznfhay;Edkifonf/ þodkYpDpOf&mwGif EdkifiHawmfESifh &yf&Gma'oqdkif&m tzGJUtpnf;rsm;? jyify
tzGJUtpnf;rsm;jzpfaom ukvor*¾tzGJUtpnf;rsm;? tef*sDtdkrsm;onf n§dEIdif;aqmif&Gufoifhonf/
,if;vkyfief;pOfwGif-
- q&mjzpfoifwef; oif½dk;nTef;wrf;ESifh jyXmef;pmtkyfrsm;udk jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;
- ta&;ay:tajctaeESifh qufpyfaeonfh taMumif;t&mrsm;? jznfhpGufjyifqifxm;aomtcsuftvufrsm;
yg0ifapjcif; - vufawGUoifMum;a&; tawGUtBuHKrsm;&&Sdap&ef oifMum;a&;tul0efxrf; odkYr[kwf tvkyfoif q&mtjzpf
wm0efxrf;aqmifapjcif;uJhodkYaom yHhydk;ay;jcif;wdkY yg0ifonf/
4/oifwef;udk w&m;0iftodtrSwfjyKay;jcif;/ /ta&;ay:tajctaerS jyefvnfxlaxmifjcif;umvtwGif;&Sd
q&mjzpfoifwef;rsm; t&nftaoG;&Sda&;ESifh todtrSwfjyKcH&a&;twGuf ynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;\
oabmwlnDrIESifh w&m;0iftodtrSwfjyKrIonf ta&;ygonf/ q&mjzpfoifwef;udk vufcHEkdifzG,f&Sd̂ r&Sd?
oif,lolrsm;ESifh q&m^rrsm;\vdktyfcsufESifhtnD qDavsmfpGm jyifqifajymif;vJay;EkdifrI &Sd̂ r&Sd ponfwdkYudk
vufcHEdkifiH odkYr[kwf tdrf&SifEdkifiHrS ynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;u qHk;jzwfoifhonf (ynma&;rl0g'
pHowfrSwfcsuf 1? vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 7 (pmrsufESm 110-111) udkvnf; Munfhyg)/
5/ oifMum;-oif,lrIypönf;rsm;/ / oif½dk;nTef;wrf;tay:tajccHí oifaxmufulypönf; vdktyfcsufudk
pdppfazmfxkwfwwf&ef q&m^rrsm;tm; oifwef;wGif ydkYcsay;oifhonf/ q&m^rrsm;taejzifh a'owGif;wGif
&Edkifaom ypönf;rsm;udk toHk;jyKNyD; xda&mufíqDavsmfrI&Sdaom oifaxmufulypönf;rsm; zefwD;yHkudk oif,loifhonf
(oifMum;jcif;ESifhoif,ljcif;pHowfrSwfcsuf 1 \ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 9 (pmrsufESm- 82)? q&m^rrsm;ESifh
tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&m yk*¾dKvfrsm; pHowfrSwfcsuf 3\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 (pmrsufESm- 101) wdkYudkvnf; Munfhyg)/
86
6/ tEÅ&m,fudkowdjyKem;vnfjcif;? ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfEd kifajcavQmhcsjcif;ESif h wHk Y jyefrItwGuf BudKwif
jyifqifjcif;/ / tem*wfwGifusa&mufEdkifonfh ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;udk wm;qD;jcif;? qdk;usKd;rsm;udk
avsmhenf;apjcif;ESifhywfoufí oif,lolrsm;ESifh &yf&GmvlxkwdkkYudk ulnDay;Ekdif&ef q&m^rrsm;wGif uRrf;usifrIrsm;ESifh
todynmA[kokwrsm;&Sd&ef vdktyfonf/ q&m^rrsm;taejzifh oifMum;-oif,lrIrsm;wGif ab;tEÅ&m,f
avQmhcsjcif;ESifh y#dyu©wm;qD;umuG,fjcif;qdkif&m taMumif;t&mrsm;udk xnfhoGif;Edkifap&ef yHhydk;ulnDrI
vdktyfonf/ &yf&Gmvlxk &ifqdkifMuHKawGU&EdkifzG,f&Sdaom ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;ESifh tEÅ&m,frsm;udk pdppfazmfxkwf&ef?
wm;qD;&efESifh wHkYjyef&ef q&m^rrsm;onf owif;tcsuftvufESifh uRrf;usifrIrsm; vdktyfonf/
(pdppfydkif;jcm;jcif;pHowfrSwfcsuf 1\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk3 (pmrsufESm 37-38) ynmoif,lcGifhESifh
oif,lrIywf0ef;usif pHowfrSwfcsuf 2\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 11 (pmrsufESm 66-67)? ynmoif,lcGifhESifh
oif,lrIywf0ef;usifpHowfrSwfcsuf 3\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1ESifh2 (pmrsufESm 68-70)? ynma&;rl0g'
pHowfrSwfcsuf 1 \ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 2 ESifh 6 (pmrsufESm 108-110) wdkYudkvnf; Munfhyg)/
87
t"duvkyfief;rsm; (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpkrsm;ESifh ,SOfwGJzwf½I&efjzpfonf/)
• oifMum;enf;rsm;onf oif,lolrsm;\ touft&G,f? zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrItqifh? bmompum;? ,Ofaus;rI?
pGrf;aqmif&nfrsm;? vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifh qDavsmfonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 rS 3 udk Munfhyg)/
• q&m^rrsm;onf oif,lolrsm;ESifh tjyeftvSefqufoG,foifMum;&mwGif oifcef;pmtaMumif;t&mudkf
aocsmpGmod&Sdem;vnfjyD; oifMum;rIpGrf;&nf&SdMuonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 rS 3 udkMunfhyg)/
• oifMum;-oif,lrIjzpfpOfrsm;onf vlwdkif;yg0ifrIudk tm;ay;jcif;? oif,lrItwm;tqD;rsm;udk avQmhcsay;jcif;jzifh
roefpGrf;olrsm; tygt0if oif,loltm;vHk;\ vdktyfcsufrsm;udk jznfhqnf;ay;onf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 2
udkMunfhyg)/
• rdbrsm;ESifh &yf&Gmacgif;aqmifrsm;onf oif,lrItaMumif;t&mESifh toHk;jyKaomoifMum;enf;rsm;udk
od&Sdem;vnfvufcHMuonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3 udk Munfhyg)/
vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpkrsm;
1/ wuf<uaomyg0ifaqmif&GufrI/ / oif,lolrsm;\ wuf<uaom yg0ifaqmif&GufrIonf zGHUNzdK;rItqifhwdkif;?
touft&G,ftqifhwdkif;wGif ta&;BuD;onf/ oifMum;jcif;onf tjyeftvSefwHkYjyefrI&SdNyD; tm;vHk;
yl;aygif;yg0ifoifhonf/ oif,loltm;vHk;udk oifcef;pmwGif yg0ifvmatmif aqmif&Gufonf/
zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrItqifhtvdkuf qDavsmfaom oifMum;jcif;ESifh oif,ljcif;enf;rsm;udk toHk;jyKonf/ ,if;wGif
tkyfpkzGJUvkyfaqmifjcif;? vkyfief;ay;avhusifhjcif;? touft&G,fwlcsif; odkUr[kwf tkyfpkwlcsif; oifMum;jcif;?
o½kyfaqmifjcif;? yHkjyif odkYr[kwf Zmwfvrf;o½kyfazmfajymjcif;? upm;enf;rsm;? AD'D,dkZmwfvrf;rsm;? yHkjyifrsm;
yg0ifonf/ þenf;vrf;rsm;udk q&mtwwfoifoifwef;? jyXmef;pmtkyfrsm;ESifh oifwef;tpDtpOfrsm;wGif
xnfhoGif;oifhonf/ vuf&Sdoif½dk;nTef;wrf;rsm;udk wuf<uaomoif,lrI jzpfay:ap&ef jyKjyifay;&ef
vdktyfEdkifayonf/
uav;i,frsm;onf upm;jcif;rS oif,lonf/ uav;wdkY\ oif,ljcif;onf wuf<uaomupm;jcif;ESifh tjyeftvSef
qufoG,fwkefYjyefaqmif&Gufjcif;wdkYtay: tajccHoifhonf/ OD;aqmifvrf;jyrIjzifh upm;jcif;onf uGsrf;usifrIudk
wnfaqmufay;EdkifNyD; &G,fwlcsif;ESifh vnf;aumif;? q&m^rrsm;ESifhvnf;aumif; qufqHa&;udk ydkrdk
aumif;rGefaponf/ uav;i,frsm;\ rdbrsm;ESifh 4if;wdkUudkjyKpkapmifha&Smufolrsm;tm; atmufygwdkUudk
em;vnfod&Sd&efESifh toHk;csEdkif&ef yHhydk;ulnDoifhonf/
- uav;rsm;\ vdktyfcsufrsm;udk wHkUjyefay;Edkifjcif;ESifh owdjyKem;vnfjcif;wdkY\ ta&;ygrI
- uav;jyKpkapmifha&Smuffenf;;rsm;
- uav;rsm;udk oif,lrIjzpfpOfwGif wuf<upGm yg0ifapjyD;? 4if;wdkY\ zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrIudk jr§ifhwifay;onfh
upm;enf;pepfrsm;/
oifMum;-oif,lrIjzpfpOfrsm;onf oif,loludkA[dkjyKonf? yl;aygif;yg0ifrI&Sdonf? vlwdkif;tusKH;0ifonf/
oifMum;jcif;ESif hoif,ljcif; pHowfrSwfcsuf 3/
oifMum;-oif,lrIjzpfpOfrsm;
88
2/ oif,lrItwm;tqD;rsm;/ / q&m^rrsm;u ta&;ay:tajctaeumvtwGif; ausmif;oifESifh ausmif;jyify
ynma&;aqmif&GufrI\ ta&;ygrIudk rdbrsm;? &yf&Gmvlxk? ynma&;qdkif&m wm0ef&Sdolrsm;ESifh
yg0ifywfoufolrsm;tm; &Sif;vif;ajymjyEdkif&ef 4if;wdkUudk yHhydk;ulnDay;oifhonf/ q&m^rrsm;onf
vlYtcGifhta&;qdkif&m udpö&yfrsm;? trsKd;rsKd; uGJjym;jcm;em;jcif;ESifh vlwdkif;twGuf ynma&;taMumif;? ynmoif,lcGifh
r&&Sdao;aom uav;rsm;ESifhvli,frsm;xH ynma&;vufvSrf;rDa&;onf ta&;BuD;aMumif;wdkYudk aqG;aEG;
ajymqdkEkdifonf/ vltrsm;u uav;wdkif; ynma&;wGif tusKH;0ifjcif;udk em;vnfNyD;? qDavsmfaom &if;jrpfrsm;ESifh
ynma&;taxmuftulypönf;rsm;udk yHhydk;ulnDay;vm&ef þodkY aqG;aEG;ajymqdkjcif;rsm;onf ta&;BuD;onf/
oif,lrItwm;tqD;rsm;udk pdppfazmfxkwfEdkif&efESifh &yf&GmvlxktqifhwGif ,if;wdkYudk z,f&Sm;Ekdifrnfh
tpDtpOfrsm;udk a&;qJG&ef rdbq&mtoif;rsm;? ausmif;pDrHcefYcGJrIaumfrwDESifh &yf&Gmvlxkynma&;aumfrwD
uJhodkYaom tzGJUrsm;udk pnf;½Hk;aqmfMoEdkifonf (ynmoif,lcGifhESifhoif,lrIywf0ef;usifpHowfrSwfcsuf 1\
vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 7 (pmrsufESm 59) udkvnf; Munfhyg)/
3/ qDavsmfaomoifMum;enf;rsm;/ / ta&;ay:tajctaerS jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;umvtwGif; ynma&;onf
ausmif;oifynma&;pepf&Sd q&m^rrsm;tm; tjyKoabmaqmifaom ajymif;vJrIrsm;udk jzpfaponfh
tcGifhtvrf;ay;oifhonf/ oif,lolwdkY\ tcGifhta&;rsm;? vdktyfcsufrsm;? touft&G,f? roefpGrf;rIESifh
oif,lolwdkY\ pGrf;aqmif&nfrsm;? qufpyftajctaeESifh qDavsmfrI&Sdap&ef oifMum;enf;rsm;udk ajymif;vJ&ef
vdktyfEdkifonf/ odkYaomf ydkrdkyg0ifaqmif&GufEdkifaom odkYr[kwf oif,llaysmfoifMum;enf;rsm;udk *½kwpdkufESifh
owdxm;NyD;toHk;jyK&ef vdktyfonf/ txl;ojzifh ta&;ay:tajctae tapmydkif;umvwGif
oifMum;enf;opfrsm;udk taumiftxnfazmfjcif;onf tawGUtBuHK&ifhusufol q&m^rrsm;twGufyifvQif
zdpD;rIjzpfapEdkifonf/ ,if;zdpD;rIonf oif,lolrsm;? rdbrsm;ESifh &yf&GmvlxktzGJU0ifrsm;udkvnf; oufa&mufrI
&SdEdkifonf (INEE Toolkit: www.ineesite.org/toolkit wGif &Edkifaom INEEoifMum;jcif;ESifh oif,ljcif;qdkif&m
vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpkrsm;udkvnf; Munfhyg)/
ajymif;vJrIrsm;udk ynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;\ axmufcHrI? n§dEIdif;yHhydk;ulnDrIwdkYjzifh pwifoifhonf/
ausmif;rsm;ESifh &yf&Gmvlxktaejzifh þajymif;vJrIrsm;udk em;vnfEdkif&efESifh vufcHEdkif&efrSm tcsdef,l&rnfjzpfonf/
rdbrsm;ESifh &yf&Gmvlxk\ pdk;&drfrIudk ta&;xm;í ajzMum;&Sif;vif;ay;oifhonf/ q&m^rrsm;onf
oif,lrItaMumif;t&mtopfrsm;? 4if;wdkYarQmfrSef;xm;onfh ajymif;vJrIrsm;ESifh &if;ESD;uRrf;0if&ef vdktyfonf/
ausmif;jyify ynma&; aqmif&Guf&mwGif oifwef;ay;jcif;? apwemh0efxrf;rsm;? taumiftxnfazmfolrsm;?
enf;jyrsm;ESifh jyKpkapmifha&Smufolrsm;udk pOfqufrjywfyHhydk;ulnDjcif;jzifh oif,lolA[dkjyKenf;vrf;rsm;udk pwif
toHk;jyKEkdifonf/ oifjyenf;rsm;onf oif½dk;nTef;wrf;rsm;ESifh qDavsmfrI&SdoifhNyD; ta&;tzwf? twGuftcsufESifh
ta&;ay:umvESifh udkufnDaom b0wGufwmuRrf;usifp&mrsm; tygt0if tajccHynma&;\
yifruRrf;usifwwfajrmufrIrsm; &&Sdatmif aqmif&Gufoifhonf (oifMum;jcif;ESifhoif,ljcif;pHowfrSwfcsuf 1 \
vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 4 (pmrsufESm 79) udk Munfhyg)/
89
t"duvkyfief;rsm; (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpkrsm;ESifh ,SOfwGJzwf½I&efjzpfonf/)
• csrSwfxm;aom &nf&G,fcsufrsm;ESifhywfoufí oif,lolrsm;\ wdk;wufrIudk pOfqufrjywf
ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;onf oifMum;enf;rsm;\ xda&mufrIudk odapEdkifonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 udk Munfhyg)/
• oif,lolrsm;\ wwfajrmufrIudk todtrSwfjyKNyD; oifcef;pmrsm;wufa&mufoif,lcJUaMumif;rSwfwrf; odkYr[kwf
oif,lrINyD;ajrmufaMumif;vufrSwfudk 4if;wdkU\ oif,lrItvdkuf ay;tyfonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 2 udk Munfhyg)/
• pufrIvufrIESifh oufarG;ynma&;tpDtpOfrsm;jzifh oifwef;NyD;ajrmufatmifjrifxm;olrsm;udk ajymif;vJaeaom
ywf0ef;usift& t&nftaoG;ESifh qDavsmfqufpyfrItay:rlwnfí ppfaq;tuJjzwfonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk
2 udkMunfhyg)/
• oif,lolrsm;twGuf rQwrI&Sdí ,HkMunfudk;pm;EkdifNyD;? pdk;&drfaMumuf&GHUuif;apaom ppfaq;tuJjzwfenf;rsm;udk
xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;onf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3 udk Munfhyg)/
• ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;onf oif,lolrsm;\ tem*wfwGif ay:aygufvmEdkifonfh ynma&;? pD;yGm;a&;qdkif&m
vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifh qDavsmfrI&Sdonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 4 udkMunfhyg)/
vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpkrsm;
1/ xda&mufaom ppfaq;tuJjzwfenf;rsm;ESif hwdkif;wmrIrsm;/ / xda&mufaom ppfaq;tuJjzwfenf;rsm;ESifh
wdkif;wmrIrsm;udk pwiftoHk;jyKoifhNyD; atmufygtcsufrsm;udk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;oifhonf/
- qDavsmfrI- ppfaq;jcif;rsm;ESifh pmar;yGJrsm;onf oif,lrIywf0ef;usiftajctae? oif,lolrsm;\
touft&G,fwdkYESifh qDavsmfrI&Sdonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 4 udkvnf; Munfhyg)/
- tvm;wltuJjzwfenf;rsm;wajy;nDrI- ae&ma'otm;vHk;&Sd q&m^rrsm;tm;vHk;u tuJjzwfenf;rsm;udk
od&Sdem;vnfNyD; tvm;wl enf;vrf;rsm;udktoHk;jyKMuonf/
- tcGifhtvrf;- ppfaq;tuJjzwfcH&ef ysufuGufcJUaom oif,lolrsm;udk aemufwpfBudrf tcGifhtvrf;ay;onf/
- tcsdefumv– ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;udk oifMum;ydkYcspOfESifh ydkYcstNyD;wGif jyKvkyfonf/
- tBudrf– ta&;ay:tajctae\oufa&mufrIay:rlwnfí owfrSwfEkdif onf/
- ab;uif;vHkNcHKjyD; oifhavQmfaomae&m- pepfwus ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;rsm;udk ab;uif;vHkNcHKaom
ae&mrsm;wGif ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;u pDpOfaqmif&Gufonf/
- yGifhvif;jrifomjcif;- ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;&v'frsm;udk oif,lolrsm;ESifhvnf;aumif;? uav;rsm;jzpfvsif
4if;wdkY\ rdbrsm;ESifhvnf;aumif; today;aqG;aEG;wdkifyifonf/ jzpfEkdifajc&SdjyD; qDavsmfrI&SdvQif
jyifyppfaq;olrsm;udk t"dutqifh ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;twGuf toHk;jyKEdkifonf/
- roefpGrf;oif,lolrsm;twGuf pDpOfay;jcif;– tcsdefudkydkí owfrSwfay;onf/ 4if;wdkU\ uRrf;usifrIrsm;ESifh
em;vnfoabmaygufrIrsm;udk jyoEdkifrnfh tjcm;qDavsmfaom enf;vrf;rsm;jzifh ppfaq;tuJjzwfonf/
(INEE Toolkit: www.ineesite.org/toolkit wGif INEE tdwfaqmifvrf;nTefjzpfonfhf Supporting Learning for
People with Disabilities udkvnf;Munfhyg)/
oif,lrI&v'frsm;udk tuJjzwf&efESifh cdkifvHkrI&SdaMumif; taxmuftxm;jy&eftwGuf qDavsmfaomenf;rsm;udk
toHk;jyKonf/
oifMum;jcif;ESif hoif,ljcif; pHowfrSwfcsuf 4/
oif,lrI&v'frsm;udk ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;
91
93
tajccHpHowfrSwfcsufrsm;-
&yf&Gmvlxkyl;aygif;yg0ifrI? n§dEd Iif;aqmif&GufrI? pdppfyd kif;jcm;rI
oifhavsmfaom t&nftcsif;
&Sdonfh q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;
ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;udk
ta&twGuf vHkavmufpGm
a&G;cs,fcefUxm;onf/ þodkU
a&G;cs,fcefUxm;&mwGif vlrsKd;?
bmomponfjzifh uGJjym;
jcm;em;rI&SdEdkifjcif;ESifh nDnGwf
rQwrI&Sdapjcif;tcsufrsm;udk
xif[yfonfh a&G;cs,frI
pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;tay:
tajccHNyD;? yl;aygif;yg0ifí
yGifhvif;jrifomaom
vkyfief;pOfjzifh aqmif&Gufonf/
pHowfrSwfcsuf 1-
0efxrf;a&G;cs,f
cefUxm;jcif;
q&m^rrsm;ESif h tjcm;ynma&;qkdif&myk* ¾ d Kvfrsm;
q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;
qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;twGuf yHhydk;
ulnDjcif;ESifh BuD;Muyfjcif;
,EÅ&m;onf xda&mufpGm
vnfywfvsuf&Sdonf/
pHowfrSwfcsuf 3-
yHhyd k;ulnDjcif;ESif h
BuD;Muyfjcif;
pHowfrSwfcsuf 2-
vkyfief;cGif
taetxm;rsm;
q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;
qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;onf owfrSwf
xm;aom vkyfief;cGif
tajctaersm;udk &Sif;vif;pGm
od&Sdxm;NyD; oifhavsmfaom
epfemaMu;&cGifh&SdMuonf/
94
q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&m yk*¾dKvfrsm;onf ta&;ay:tajctaerS jyefvnfxlaxmifjcif;umvtxd
wpfavQmufvHk; uav;rsm;ESifh vli,frsm;\ ynma&;vdktyfcsufrsm;udk yHhydk;jznfhqnf;ay;onf/ xdkolwdkYwGif
wuúokdvfbGJU& tpdk;&trIxrf;rsm;rSonf ausmif;ynmtajccH enf;yg;onfh &yf&GmvlxktajcjyK ynmoifay;olrsm;
odkYr[kwf apwemh0efxrf;rsm;txd twwfynmtajctae trsKd;rsKd;jzpfEdkifonf/ ]q&m^rrsm;ESifh
tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;} [kqdk&mwGif
- q&m^rrsm;ESifh 4if;wdkUudkulnDay;ol pmoifcef;vufaxmufrsm;
- uav;oli,fjyKpkapmifha&Smufolrsm; odkYr[kwf rlBudKq&m^rrsm;
- roefpGrf;olrsm;udk ynmoifay;olrsm;
- bmom&yfuRrf;usifolrsm;ESifh oufarG;ynmavhusifhoifMum;ay;olrsm;
- uav;aysmfae&mrsm;wGif ulnDyHhydk;ay;olrsm;
- &yf&Gmvlxkapwemh0efxrf;rsm;? bmoma&;qdkif&mrsm;udk oifMum;ay;olrsm;ESifh b0wGufwmuRrf;usifp&m
oifMum;ay;olrsm;
- ausmif;tkyfBuD;rsm;? ausmif;BuD;Muyfolrsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;0efxrf;rsm; yg0ifonf/
q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;\ wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;onf ynma&;trsKd;tpm; (ausmif;oif odkYr[kwf
ausmif;jyify ynma&;)ESifh oif,lrIywf0ef;usif trsKd;tpm;tay: rlwnfonf/ ta&;ay:tajctaetwGuf
ynma&;pDrHcsufrsm;udk pDpOf&mwGif q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;qkdif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;u yl;aygif;yg0ifum
qHk;jzwfcsufcsjcif;ESifh 4if;wdkUudk,fwdkif twwfynmqdkif&m zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufatmif aqmif&Gufjcif;wdkYonf ta&;BuD;onf/
q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;tm; pdppfowfrSwfjcif;? tiftm;jznfhwif; tvkyfcefYtyfjcif;ESifh
a&G;cs,fcefYxm;jcif;rsm;jyKvkyf&mwGif cGJjcm;rI r&SdoifhbJ yl;aygif;yg0ifrIESifh yGifhvif;jrifomrI&Sdoifhonf/ usm;^r
tcsKd;rQwrI&Sd&efESifh &yf&Gmvlxktm; udk,fpm;jyKjcif;rsm; vdktyfonf/ q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;wGif
qDavsmfqufpyfrI&Sdaom tawGUtBuHKESifh uRrf;usifrIrsm;&SdoifhNyD;? oifhavsmfaom tusKd;cHpm;cGifh&&Sdoifhonf/
q&m^rrsm;onf q&m^rrsm;tzJGUtpnf;odkY qufoG,f0ifa&muf&ef odkYr[kwf zGJUpnff;&ef ponfh udpö&yfrsm;udk
vGyfvyfpGm aqmif&GufEdkifoifhonf/ ab;'PfcH &yf&GmvlxkESifh aqG;aEG;wdkifyif tBuHÓPf&,ljcif;jzifh
vkyfief;usifh0wfrsm;? wm0efESifh0wå&m;rsm;? vkyfief;BuD;MuyfrIyHkpHrsm;? vkyfief;cGiftaetxm;rsm;? uefx&kduf
oabmwlnDcsufrsm;? pmcsKyfpmwrf;rsm;? epfemaMu;? vkyfcvpmESifh cHpm;cGifhponfh udpö&yfrsm;udk
taumif;qHk;pDpOfEdkifygonf/
tcuftcJtusyftwnf;tajctaersm;wGif &ifqdkifajz&Sif;Edkif&ef? jyefvnfxlaxmifEdkif&efESifh yHkrSefjyefjzpfEdkif&ef
q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;taejzifh yHhydk;ulnDrIrsm; vdktyfayonf/ ta&;ay:tajctaersm;rS
jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;umvwpfavQmuf&Sd ynma&;onf uav;rsm;? vli,frsm;ESifh &yf&Gmvlxktm; ydkrdkaumif;rGefaom
tem*wfudk wnfaqmufEdkifrnfh toufu,fEdkiffonfh owif;tcsuftvufrsm;? ynmoif,lcGifhrsm;?
vlrIa&;yHhydk;ulnDrIrsm;udk ay;jcif;jzifh cHEdkif&nf ydkrdk&&Sdvmaponf/ q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;onf
ta&;ay:tajctaerS jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;umvwpfavQmufvHk; ynma&;wGif r&Sdrjzpf ta&;ygaom
yg0ifulnDolrsm;jzpfonf/ xdkolwdkYudk,fwdkifwGifvnf; ulnDyHhydk;rIESifh vrf;nTefrI&&Sd&ef tcGifhta&;&Sdonf/
95
t"duvkyfief;rsm; (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpkrsm;jzifh ,SOfwGJzwf½I&efjzpfonf)
• 0efxrf;a&G;cs,fcefYxm;jcif; vkyfief;pOfrprD &Sif;vif;qDavsmfjyD; cGJjcm;rIr&Sdaom tvkyfwm0efazmfjycsufrsm;ESifh
vrf;nTefcsufrsm; jyKpkxm;onf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 udk Munfhyg)/
• a&G;cs,fa&;aumfrwDu &yf&Gmvlxk\vufcHrI? usm;-rtcsKd;rQwrI? vlrsdK;? bmom uGJjym;jcm;em;rI ponfh
tcsufwdkYudk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;vsuf? yGifhvif;jrifomaom pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;ESifh uRrf;usifwwfajrmufrIrsm;
ppfaq;jcif;wdkYudk tajccHNyD; q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;udk a&G;cs,fonf/
• yHkrSefxuf oif,lolydkrsm;aom pmoifcef;rsm; rjzpfap&ef q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;udk
ta&twGuf vHkavmufpGm cefYxm;NyD; wm0efcGJa0csxm;onf (vrf;nTefcsuf rSwfpk 5 udk Munfhyg) /
vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpkrsm;
1/ tvkyfwm0efazmfjycsufrsm;/ / tvkyfwm0efaz:jycsufrsm;udk usm;-r? wdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;? bmoma&;?
roefpGrf;rIESifh tjcm;uGJjym;jcm;em;csufrsm;ay: tajccHNyD; cGJjcm;jyKpkxm;jcif; r&Sdyg/ þaz:jycsufrsm;wGif
tedrfhqHk;tm;jzifh-
- wm0efrsm;ESifh 0wå&m;rsm;
- &Sif;vif;wdusaom tpD&ifcH&efvrf;aMumif;
- vkyfief;usifh0wfrsm; yg0ifonf/
(q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm; ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm; pHowfrSwfcsuf 2? vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 (pmrsufESm 98) udkvnf;
Munfhyg)/
2/ tawGUtBuHKESif ht&nftcsif;rsm;/ / todtrSwfjyK taxmuftxm;vufrSwfrsm;&Sdonfh t&nftcsif;&Sdol
q&m^rrsm;tm; cefYtyf&ef ta&;BuD;onf/ q&m^rrsm;onf oif,lolrsm;tm; vlrIpdwfydkif;qdkif&m
yHhydk;ulnDay;Ekdif&efESifh roefpGrf;oif,lolrsm;tm; oifMum;wwf&ef uRrf;usifrIrsm; vdktyfonf/
ta&;ay:tajctaeaMumifh t&nftcsif;qdkif&m taxmuftxm;vufrSwfrsm; tjcm;pm&Gufpmwrf;rsm;udk
rjyEdkifvQif xdkolwdkY\ oifMum;rIpGrf;&nfudk ppfaq;tuJjzwfoifhonf/ t&nftaoG;jynfhrDonfh q&m^r tvHk
tavmufr&SdvQif oifMum;rI tawGUtBuHKtenf;i,f&Sdol odkYr[kwf vHk;0r&SdolwdkYudk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&ef
vdktyfonf/ xdkodkYaom q&m^rrsm;tm; olwdkY\ ynma&;tqifhESifh oifMum;rI tawGUtBuHKtay:rlwnfí
oifwef;rsm;ay;&ef vdktyfonf/
jzpfEdkifvQif oif,lolrsm;\ rdcifbmompum;(rsm;)udk ajymqdkol q&m^rrsm;udk a&G;cs,fcefYxm;oifhonf/
vkdtyfvQif? qDavsmfvQif tdrf&SifEdkifiH\ bmompum; (rsm;) wwfajrmuf&ef teD;uyfoifwef;rsm; ay;oifhonf/
(oifMum;jcif;ESifhoif,ljcif;pHowfrSwf 1\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 7 (pmrsufESm 81) udkvnf; Munfhyg)/
oifhavsmfaom t&nftcsif;&Sdonfh q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;udk ta&twGuf vHkavmufpGm
a&G;cs,fcefUxm;onf/ þodkU a&G;cs,fcefUxm;&mwGif vlrsKd;bmomponfjzifh uGJjym;jcm;em;rI&SdEdkifjcif;ESifh
nDnGwfrQwrI&Sdapjcif;tcsufrsm;udk xif[yfonfh a&G;cs,frIpHowfrSwfcsufrsm;tay: tajccHNyD;? yl;aygif;yg0ifí
yGifhvif;jrifomaom vkyfief;pOfjzifh aqmif&Gufonf/
q&m^rrsm;ESif htjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾ d Kvfrsm; pHowfrSwfcsuf 1/
0efxrf;a&G;cs,fcefUxm;jcif;
96
tcsKdUtajctaersm;wGif q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;tm; usm;-r ta&twGufnDrQrIudk
xnfhoGif;pOf;pm; tvkyfcefYtyfEdkif&ef MudK;yrf;aqmif&Guf&efvdktyfEdkifonf/ ,if;odkUaqmif&Guf&mwGif
0efxrf;a&G;cs,fcefUxm;a&;aumfrwDESifh aqG;aEG;wdkifyifNyD; 0efxrf;a&G;cs,fa&; pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;udk
jyifqifjcif;rsm; yg0ifEkdifonf/ tjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;ESifh vlYtcGifhta&;oabmwlnDcsufrsm;? Oya'rsm;ESifh
pnf;rsOf;rsm;t& q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;rsm;\ tedrfhqHk; touft&G,fonf (18) ESpf
&Sdoifhonf/ &Hzef&Hcg ,if;toufxuf ydki,folrsm;udk ulnDyHhydk;ol? vufaxmufq&m^rrsm;tjzpf
tvkyfcefYxm;&ef vdktyfEdkifonf/
3/ q&m^rrsm;a&G;cs,fjcif;twGufpHowfrSwfcsufrsm;/ / q&m^rrsm;a&G;cs,f&mwGif atmufyg t&nftcsif;
owfrSwfcsufrsm; yg0ifEdkifonf/
twwfynmqdkif&m t&nftcsif;owfrSwfcsufrsm;
- ynma&;aemufcHtajctae
- oifMum;jcif;tawGUtBuHK (roefpGrf;uav;rsm;tm; oifMum;cJhjcif; tygt0if)
- uav;rsm;ESifh vli,frsm;\ vlrIpdwfydkif;qdkif&mvdktyfcsufudk odjrifvG,fjcif;
- oufarG;ynm odkYr[kwf tjcm;twwfynmuRrf;usifrIESifh tawGUtBuHKrsm;
- qDavsmfaom bmompum;wwfuRrf;rI? ,if;wGif &yf&GmwGifoHk;onfh oauFwjy bmompum;qdkif&m
A[kokwESifh ]ba&;}rsufrjrifpmrsm; yg0ifEdkifonf/
yk*¾dKvfa&;ydkif;qdkif&m t&nftcsif;owfrSwfcsufrsm;
- toufESifh usm;-r (usm;-r ta&twGufnDrQrI tav;xm;&ef)
- onf;cHEkdifjcif;
- vlrsKd;ESifhbmoma&;aemufcH
- &yf&Gmvlxk\ toGiftrsKd;rsdK; uGJjym;jcm;em;rIrsm;- ,if;wGif 0efxrf;a&G;cs,fcefYxm;jcif; vkyfief;pOfudk
xdcdkufvmEdkifaom vlrIa&;wif;rmrIrsm;ESifh tcsdefMumjrifhpGm wnf&Sdaeaom rnDrQrIrsm;udk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&ef
ta&;BuD;onf (oifMum;jcif;ESifhoif,ljcif; pHowfrSwfcsuf 1\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 8 (pmrsufESm 81-82)
udkvnf; Munfhyg)/
tjcm;t&nftcsif;owfrSwfcsufrsm;
q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;onf &yf&GmvlxkESifh tjyeftvSef qufoG,frIjyKvkyfoifhNyD; &yf&Gmu
vufcHolrsm;jzpf&ef vdktyfonf/ ab;'PfcH &yf&GmvlxkwGif;rS q&m^rrsm;rsm;onf &yf&GmwGif;BuHKawGUaeaom
vlrIa&;? pD;yGm;a&;ESifh EdkifiHa&;udpörsm;tay: od&Sdem;vnfxm;rIaMumifh jzpfEkdifygu 4if;wdkUudk t"duxm;jyD;
a&G;cs,foifhonf/ &yf&GmvlxkjyifyrS q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;udk a&G;cs,fcefYxm;vQif
o,f,lydkYaqmifa&;ESifh aexdkifa&;p&dwfponfh epfemaMu;rsm;udk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&ef vdkonf/ 'ku©onf odkYr[kwf
a'oa&TUajymif; ae&mcsxm;cH&olrsm;twGuf pDpOfxm;aom oif,lrIwnfae&mjzpfvQif 4if;wdkUudk vufcHay;aom
&yf&GmvlxkxJrS t&nftcsif;jynfhrDaom q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;udk Xm;&rf;cefUxm;jcif;jzifY
qufqHa&; ydkrdkaumif;rGefEkdifonf (INEE Toolkit: www.ineesite.org/toolkit wGif&Edkifaom INEE Guidance Notes
on Teacher Compensation udkvnf; Munfhyg)/
97
4/ &nfnTef;axmufcHay;olrsm;/ / oif,lolrsm;twGuf t&nftaoG;&Sdaom oifMum;rI&&SdEdkifap&ef jznfhwif;
cefYtyfrnfh q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;tm; &nfnTef;axmufcHay;olrsm;udk jzpfEkdifvQif
ppfaq;oifhonf/
5/ pmoifcef;&S dausmif;om;ausmif;olta&twGuf/ / roefpGrf;olrsm;tygt0if uav;rsm;ESifhvli,frsm;
tm;vHk;udk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;jyD; pmoifcef;wGif&Sdoifhonhf ausmif;om;ausmif;ol ta&twGufukd vufawGYuspGm
owfrSwf&ef ta&;BuD;onf/ vHkavmufaom q&m-wynfhtcsKd;&Sd&eftwGuf q&m^r ta&twGuf tvHktavmuf
cefYxm;oifhonf/ yg0ifywfoufolrsm;onf EdkifiHawmfESifh &yf&Gm\ q&m-wynfhtcsKd;qdkif&m
pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;udkvnf; xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&ef vdkonf/ tcsKdUudpö&yfrsm;ü vlom;csif;pmemrIqdkif&mESifh
zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrIqdkif&m tzGJUtpnf;rsm;wGif q&m-wynfhtcsKd;ESifh ywfoufNyD; ¤if;wdkY\ udk,fydkifpHowfrSwfcsufrsm;
&SdEdkifonf/ trsm;tm;jzifY q&mwpfOD;vQif wynfh 40 tcsKd;udk todtrSwfjyK axmufcHxm;onf/ odkYaomf
yg0ifywfoufolrsm;taejzifh &yf&GmESifhqDavsmfNyD; vufawGUusaom q&m-wynfhtcsKd;udk oHk;oyfqHk;jzwfEdkif
ygonf (ed'gef;ydkif; (pmrsufESm 14-15) &Sd tedrfhqHk;pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;udk qufpyfudkufnDrI&SdatmifjyKvkyfjcif;
Oyrmrsm;ESifh (pmrsufESm 74-90)&Sd oifMum;jcif;ESifhoif,ljcif; pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;udkvnf; Munfhyg)/
98
t"duvkyfief;rsm; (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpkrsm;ESifh ,SOfwGJzwf½I&efjzpfonf)
• epfemaMu;ay;onfhpepfrsm;? vkyfief;cGiftaetxm;rsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;í oufqdkif&m yg0ifywfoufolrsm;
tm;vHk;tMum; n§dEIdif;aqmif&Gufonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 ESifY 2 udk Munfhyg)/
• epfemaMu;ESifh vkyfief;cGiftaetxm;rsm;udk oabmwlnDcsufrsm;xJwGif azmfjyxm;NyD; epfemaMu;udk rSefrSef
ay;onf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 2 udk Munfhyg)/
• q&m^rrsm;ESifhtjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;tm; vkyfief;cGiftaetxm;owfrSwfcsufrsm;udk n§dEIdif;aqG;aEG;cGifh
jyKxm;onf/
• &Sif;vif;wdusaom taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&GufrI vrf;nTefcsufrsm; tygt0if vkyfief;usifh0wfrsm; &SdaeNyD;
,if;wdkYudk aumif;pGm tav;xm;vdkufemonf/ (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3 udk Munfhyg)/
vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpkrsm;
1/ vkyfief;cGiftajctaersm;/ / tvkyfwm0efazmfjycsufrsm;? vkyfief;cGiftaetxm;azmfjycsufrsm;ESifh
vkyfief;usifh0wfrsm;udk oabmwlnDcsufwGif xnfhoGif;oifhonf/ þodkYaqmif&Gufjcif;jzifh oif,lrIywf0ef;usifESifh
&yf&Gma'owGif q&m^rrsm;\ twwfynmqdkif&m tcef;u@udk ay:vGifaponf/ xdkUtjyif &yf&Gmvlxk?
ynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;ESifh yg0ifywfoufolrsm;u arQmfvifhaom? q&m^rrsm;bufrS epfemaMu;
ponfwdkUtwGuf tjyeftvSefay;vmrnfh 0efaqmifrIrsm;udk owfrSwfay;&ma&mufonf/ 4if;wdkUu arQmfvifhonfh
oifYavsmfaom q&m^rtjyKtrltwGuf rlabmifudkvnf; jzpfay:aponf/
oabmwlnDcsufwGif atmufygtcsufrsm;owfrSwfazmfjyoifhonf/
- aqmif&Guf&rnfhvkyfief;ESifh wm0efrsm;
- epfemaMu;
- ausmif;wufa&mufrItwGufvdktyfcsufrsm;
- tvkyfcsdefESifh tvkyfvkyf&rnfhaeY&ufrsm;
- oabmwlnDcsuffoufwrf;
- vkyfief;usifh0wf
- yHhydk;ulnDjcif;? BuD;Muyfjcif;ESifh tjiif;yGm;rIajz&Sif;jcif; ,EÅ&m;rsm; (q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&m
yk*¾dKvfrsm; pHowfrSwfcsuf 1 \vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 (pmrsufESm- 95) udkvnf; Munfhyg)/
q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;onf owfrSwfxm;aom vkyfief;cGiftajctaersm;udk &Sif;vif;pGm
od&Sdxm;NyD; oifhavsmfaom epfemaMu;&&SdMuonf/
q&m^rrsm;ESif htjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾ d Kvfrsm; pHowfrSwfcsuf 2/
vkyfief;cGiftaetxm;rsm;
99
2/ epfemaMu;/ / tajccHvdktyfcsufrsm;twGuf tydk0ifaiGr&Sm&apbJ vkyfief;wGif tm½Hkpdkufaqmif&GufEdkifap&ef
q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;tm; vHkavmufaom epfemaMu;ay;onf/ vdktyfvQif q&m^r
rsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;twGuf qDavsmfonfh vkyfcvpmay;onfhpepfudk jyefvnfjyXmef;jcif;
odkUr[kwf wwfEdkiforQ tjrefqHk; jyifqifay;oifhonf/ vkyfcvpmay;pepfwGif ynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;onf
q&m^rrsm; epfemaMu;&&Sdap&ef t"duwm0ef&Sdolrsm;jzpfonf/ ynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;? or*¾rsm;?
&yf&Gmvlxk? aumfrwDrsm;ESifh tzGJUtpnf;rsm;? ukvor*¾tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh tef*sDtdkrsm;tygt0if
yg0ifywfoufolrsm;tMum; n§dEIdif;aqmif&Gufjcif;jzifh a&&SnfwnfwefYaom epfemaMu;rl0g'ESifh
vufawGUusifhoHk;rItajccHrsm;udk csrSwfay;EdkifNyD; jyefvnfxlaxmifjcif;rS zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufjcif;odkU ul;ajymif;onfh
umvtwGufvnf; taxmuftuljzpfaponf/
epfemaMu;onf aiGaMu;jzpfEkdifovdk tjcm;cHpm;cGifhvnf; jzpfEkdifonf/ epfemaMu;onf nDnGwfrQwrI
&SdoifhNyD; a&&SnfaxmufyHhEdkif&efvdkonf/ epfemaMu;ay;jcif;qdkif&mrl0g'rsm;udk taumiftxnfazmfonfhtcg
epfemaMu;axmufyHhay;rItpOftvmudk jzpfay:vmapjyD;? ,if;tpOftvmudk xdef;odrf;rnf[k q&m^rrsm;ESifh
tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;u arQmfvifhMuayonf/ ae&majymif;a&TUjcif;cH&onfh tajctaersm;wGif
t&nftcsif;jynfhrDaom q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;onf vkyfcvpm ydkrdkjrifhrm;vsif
e,fjcm;ae&mrsm;odkYyif ajymif;a&TUwm0efxrf;aqmifEdkifzG,f&Sdayonf/ atmufyg aps;uGuftiftm;rsm;udkvnf;
xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;&ef ta&;BuD;onf/
- vlaerIp&dwf
- q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;ynmwwfyk*¾dKvfrsm;udk vdktyfaerI
- tvm;wl t&nftcsif;&Sdonfhynmwwfrsm; &&Sdonfh vkyfcvpmtqifh? usef;rma&;apmifha&SmufrI ponfrsm;
- t&nftcsif;&dSonfh q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm; &&SdEdkifrI
(SEEP uGef&uf\ Minimum Standards for Economic Recovery after Crisis, Employment Creation standard
udkvnf; Munfhyg)/
epfemaMu;ay;rIonf vkyfief;cGiftaetxm;rsm;ESifh vkyfief;usifh0wfrsm;udk apmifhxdef;vdkufemrItay: rlwnfonf/
q&m^rrsm;u oif,lolrsm;xHrS oifMum;jyojcif;twGuf oD;oefYtcaMu;aiGaumufcHrIponfh tajctaersm;
tygt0if vGJrSm;aompdwf"gwfrsm;udk a&SmifMuOfoifhonf (n§dEIdif;aqmif&GufrIpHowfrSwfcsuf 1 \
vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 2 (pmrsufESm- 32)? INEE Toolkit: www.ineesite.org/toolkit wGif &Edkifaom Guidance Notes
on Teacher Compensation udkvnf; Munfhyg)/
3/ vkyfief;usifh0wf/ / vkyfief;usifh0wfonf q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;twGuf &Sif;vif;aom
trltusifhqdkif&m pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;udk csrSwfay;onf/ þpHowfrSwfcsufrsm;udk oif,lrIywf0ef;usifwGif
ynma&;vkyfief;rsm; aqmif&Gufaomtcg vdkufemusifhoHk;aponf/ vdkufemrIr&Sdolrsm;twGuf awGYMuHKcHpm;&rnfY
ta&;,lrIrsm;udkvnf; vkyfief;usifh0wfu owfrSwfazmfjyonf/ vkyfief;usifh0wfwGif q&m^rrsm;ESifh
tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&m yk*¾dKvfrsm;taejzifh-
100
- oif,lolrsm;\ ynma&;qddkif&m tcGifhta&;rsm;udk av;pm;rnf? umuG,fay;rnf? 4if;wdkY\ pGrf;aqmifEdkifrI
ESihftnD jznfhqnf;ay;rnf?
- vkyfief;\ tjrifhqHk;pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;ESifh usifh0wfESifhudkufnDaom tjyKtrlrsm;udk xdef;odrf;rnf?
- oif,lolrsm;tm;vHk;udk vufcHEkdifonfh cGJjcm;qufqHrIr&Sdaom ywf0ef;usifwGif ynmoif,lcGifhqdkif&m
twm;tqD;rsm;udk vHkYvpdkuf z,f&Sm;rnf?
- vdifydkif;qdkif&mESifh tjcm;apmfum;jcif;rsm;? vkyftm;twGuf odkYr[kwf vdifrIudpötwGuf oif,lolrsm;udk
tjrwfxkwftoHk;csjcif;? Ncdrf;ajcmufjcif;? n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;? tMurf;zufjcif;ESifh cGJjcm;qufqHjcif;rsm;rS
uif;a0;aom? wm;qD;umuG,frIay;aom? aumif;rGefjyD; vlwdkif;tusKH;0ifaomywf0ef;usifudk xdef;odrf;rnf?
- vlYtcGifhta&;ESifh cGJjcm;qufqHrIrjyKa&; pnf;rsOf;rsm;udk qefUusifonfh todynmESifh vkyf&yfrsm;udk oifMum;rI
ESifh tm;ay;tm;ajrSmufjyKrIrsm; rjyKvkyfyg?
- ausmif;udk yHkrSefwufa&mufjcif;ESifh tcsdefrSefjcif;wdkYudk vdkufemrnf [laom uwdu0wfjyKrIrsm; yg0ifonf/
(INEE Toolkit:www.ineesite.org/toolkit &Sd vkyfief;usifh0wferlem? ynmoif,lcGifhESifhoif,lrIywf0ef;usif
pHowfrSwfcsuf 2 \ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 4 ESifh 9 (pmrsufESm- 63-64)? q&m^rrsm;ESifh
tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;pHowfrSwfcsuf 3 \ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 4 (pmrsufESm- 102) wdkUudkvnf; Munfhyg)/
101
t"duvkyfief;rsm; (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpkrsm;ESifh ,SOfwGJzwf½I&efjzpfonf)
• vHkavmufaom oifMum;-oif,lrIypönf;rsm;ESifh ae&m &&SdEdkifonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 udk Munfhyg)/
• q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm; ynma&;qdkif&m yk*¾dKvfrsm;onf 4if;wdkUtwGuf pdwf"mwfwufMuGrIESifh yHhydk;ulnDrIudk
jzpfay:aponfh twwfynmqdkif&m zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrIvkyfief;rsm;wGif yg0ifaqmif&Gufonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk
2ESifh3 udkMunfhyg)/
• yGifhvif;jrifomaom? wm0ef,l^wm0efcHEdkifaom BuD;Muyfa&;,EÅ&m;onf q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm; ynma&;qdkif&m
yk*¾dKvfrsm;twGuf yHkrSefppfaq;tuJjzwfrI? ppfaq;MuD;MuyfrIESifh yHhydk;ulnDrIwdkYudk jzpfay:aponf
(vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 2 ESifh 3 udkMunfhyg)/
• q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;\ vkyfief;aqmif&GufrIoHk;oyfjcif;udk yHkrSefaqmif&Gufonf?
rSwfwrf;wifonf? aqG;aEG;onf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 4 udkMunfhyg)/
• ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;uvnf; q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm; ynma&;qdkif&m yk*¾dKvfrsm;\ vkyfief;aqmif&GufrIESifh
ywfoufí wkefYjyeftMuHjyKcGifhudk yHkrSef &&Sdonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 5 udkMunfhyg)/
• q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm; ynma&;qdkif&m yk*¾dKvfrsm;onf qDavsmfaom? vufvSrf;rDaom? vufawGUusaom
vlrIpdwfydkif;yHhydk;ulnDrIrsm;udk &&SdEkdifonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 6 udkMunfhyg)/
vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpkrsm;
1/ oifMum;-oif,lrI ypönf;rsm;ESif hae&m/ / oifMum;-oif,lrI ypönf;rsm;ESifhae&monf q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;
ynma&;qdkif&m yk*¾dKvfrsm;twGuf xda&mufpGm oifMum;&efESifh tvkyfvkyfEkdif&ef vHkavmufpGm &Sdoifhonf
(ynmoif,lcGifhESifh oif,lrIywf0ef;usif pHowfrSwfcsuf 3 (pmrsufESm 68-72)? oifMum;jcif;ESifh oif,ljcif;
pHowfrSwfcsuf 1\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 9 (pmrsufESm 82)? oifMum;jcif;ESifh oif,ljcif;pHowfrSwfcsuf 2 \
vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 5 (pmrsufESm 85) wdkYudkvnf; Munfhyg)/
2/ yHhyd k;ulnDjcif;ESif h BuD;Muyfjcif;,EÅ&m;/ / xda&mufaompDrHcefYcGJrI? BuD;MuyfrIESifh wm0efcHrIwdkYonf
q&m^rrsm;tm; twwfynmqdkif&m yHhydk;ulnDrI? q&m^rrsm; pdwf"mwfwuf<uatmif tm;ay;rIESifh oifMum;rI
t&nftaoG;udk xdef;odrf;xm;rIwdkYtwGuf txl;ta&;ygonf/ pepfrsm;udk twwfEdkifqHk; zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufatmif
ynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;\ OD;aqmifrIESifh ynma&;tzJGUtpnf;rsm;? &yf&Gmvlxk? aumfrwDrsm;? toif;tzGJUrsm;?
ukvor*¾tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh tef*sDtdkrsm;\ yl;aygif;yg0ifrIwdkYjzifh aqmif&Gufoifhonf/ tawGUtMuHK&Sdolu
nTefMum;jyoay;jcif;ESifh touft&G,fwlcsif;^tkyfpkwlcsif; yHhydk;ulnDay;jcif;wdkYonf q&m^rrsm;ESifh
tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;tm; &nfrSef;csufyef;wdkifcsrSwfEdkifapjyD;? ydkrdkaumif;rGefatmif aqmif&Guf&ef
vdktyfonfh tqifhrsm;udk od&SdapaomaMumifh pdwf"mwfwuf<uvmapEkdifonf (&yf&Gmvlxkyl;aygif;yg0ifrI
pHowfrSwfcsuf 1\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1-5 (pmrsufESm 22-26)? oifMum;jcif;ESifh oif,ljcif; pHowfrSwfcsuf 2 \
vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3 (pmrsufESm 84-85) ESifh UNESCO/ ILO \ Recommendation concerning the Status of
Teachers (1966) wdkYudkvnf; Munfhyg)/
q&m^rrsm;ESifhtjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;twGuf yHhydk;ulnDjcif;ESifh BuD;Muyfjcif;,EÅ&m;onf xda&mufpGm
vnfywfvsuf&Sdonf/
q&m^rrsm;ESif htjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾ d Kvfrsm; pHowfrSwfcsuf 3/
yHhyd k;ulnDjcif;ESif h BuD;Muyfjcif;
102
3/ pGrf;aqmif&nfwnfaqmufjcif;? oifwef;ay;jcif;ESif h twwfynmqdkif&mzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufapjcif;/ /
pGrf;aqmif&nfjr§ifhwifa&;twGuf q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm; ynma&;qdkif&m yk*¾dKvfrsm;\ pdwf"mwfwuf<urI?
cHpm;cGifhrsm;? vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifh OD;pm;ay;rIrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;í 4if;wdkYESifh aqG;aEG;wdkifyif&ef ta&;BuD;onf/
þodkUaqmif&Gufjcif;jzifh vkyfief;cGiftMudKESifh vkyfief;cGiftwGif; vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifh twwfynmqdkif&m
zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrIwdkUtwGuf tcGifhtvrf;rsm;udk owfrSwfazmfxkwfEdkifonf/ pGrf;aqmif&nfwnfaqmufjcif;?
oifwef;ay;avhusifhjcif;ESifh twwfynmqdkif&m zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufapjcif;wdkYudk cGJjcm;qufqHrIr&Sdaom enf;vrf;jzifh
yHhydk;ulnDoifhonf (oifMum;jcif;ESifhoif,ljcif; pHowfrSwfcsuf 2\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3 (pmrsufESm 84-85)
udkvnf; Munfhyg)/
4/ vkyfief;aqmif&GufrIoHk;oyfcsuf/ / vkyfief;aqmif&GufrI oHk;oyfcsufrsm;udk pepfwusaqmif&Gufygu
ydkrdkaumif;rGefaom vkyfief;aqmif&GufrIjzpfay:vmaponf/ q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;\
uRrf;usifxda&mufpGm vkyfief;aqmif&GufEdkifrIudk oHk;oyf&mwGif aqG;aEG;&rnfhudpö&yfrsm;udk owfrSwfazmfxkwf&efESifh
qufvufaqmif&Guf&rnfhvkyfief;rsm;tay: oabmwlnDrI&,l&ef ¤if;wdkY wpfOD;csif;pDESifh aqG;aEG;jcif;yg0ifonf/
vkyfief;aqmif&GufrIudk oHk;oyfjcif;vkyfief;pOfwGif-
- pmoifcef;udk apmifhMunfhavhvmjcif;ESifh tuJjzwfjcif;twGuf pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;udk jyKpkjcif;
- wHkUjyeftMuHjyKcsufrsm;ay;jcif;
- jzpfxGef;rIESifhwdk;wufrIudk wdkif;wm&ef &nfrSef;csufyef;wdkifESifh OD;wnf&v'frsm;csrSwfjcif;wdkY yg0ifEkdifonf/
(vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 5 ESifh q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm;ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm; pHowfrSwfcsuf 2\vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3
(pmrsufESm 99-100) udkvnf; Munfhyg)/
5/ oif,lolrsm;\ yl;aygif;yg0ifrI/ / ppfaq;jcif;ESifh tuJjzwfjcif;vkyfief;pOfrsm;wGif oif,lolrsm; yg0if
aqmif&Gufapjcif;onf ta&;BuD;onf/ þodkYaqmif&Gufygu oif,lrIywf0ef;usif\ ½Iaxmifhtm;vHk;udk
em;vnfoabmaygufjyD; t&nftaoG;udk tmrcHEdkifonf/ vkyfief;aqmif&GufrI oHk;oyfjcif;vkyfief;pOf\
tydkif;wpf&yftjzpf oif,lolrsm;onf wHkUjyeftMuHjyKcsufrsm;udk Mum;aetzGJUrsm;xH tcgtm;avsmfpGm ay;ydkYEkdifonf/
wHkUjyeftMuHjyKcsufay;&ef acgif;pOfrsm;wGif oifMum;jyorI? tjyKtrl? oifMum;rIywf0ef;usifudk
tav;xm;*½kpdkufrIESifh umuG,fapmifha&Smufjcif;qdkif&m udpö&yfrsm; yg0ifEkdifonf/
6/ vlrIpdwfyd kif;qdkif&myHhyd k;ulnDjcif;ESif h udk,fpdwfESpfyg;csrf;omjcif;/ / oif,lavhusifhrI &&Sdxm;jyD;
tawGUtBuHK&Sdaom q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm; ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm; udk,fwdkifyifvQif tusyftwnf;jzpf&yfaMumifh
jyif;xefpGm cHpm;Mu&avh&Sdonf/ olwdkYonf pdefac:rItopfrsm;udk &ifqdkif&NyD;? wm0ef,lrItopfrsm;udk
aqmif&Guf&í pdwfydkif;qdkif&mxdcdkufrIrsm; BuHKawGU&Ekdifonf/ q&m^rrsm;\ &ifqdkifajz&Sif;EdkifrIESifh
oif,lolrsm;tm; yHhydk;ulnDay;EkdifrIwdkYonf 4if;wdkYudk,fwkdif\ udk,fpdwfESpfyg;csrf;omjcif;ESifh yHhydk;ulnDrI
&&SdEdkifjcif;tay: rlwnfayonf (ynmoif,lcGifhESifh oif,lrIywf0ef;usifpHowfrSwfcsuf 2 \ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 8-
9 (pmrsufESm 65-66)? ynmoif,lcGifhESifh oif,lrIywf0ef;usifpHowfrSwfcsuf 3 \ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 8 (pmrsufESm
72)ESifh oifMum;jcif;ESifh oif,ljcif;pHowfrSwfcsuf 1\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 6 (pmrsufESm 80-81) wdkUudkvnf;
Munfhyg)/
105
ynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;onf
tcrJhynmoifMum;cGifhESifh
vlwdkif; ynmoif,lcGifhtygt0if
t&nftaoG;&Sd ynma&;udk
pOfqufrjywfapa&;ESifh
jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;twGuf
OD;pm;ay; aqmif&Gufonf/
ynma&;vkyfief;rsm; aqmif&Guf&mwGif
EdkifiHwumESifh EdkifiHawmf
ynma&;rl0g'rsm;? Oya'rsm;?
pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;? tpDtpOfrsm;ESifh
ab;'PfcH&olrsm;\
oif,lrIvdktyfcsufrsm;udk
xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;onf/
pHowfrSwfcsuf 1/
Oya'ESifhrl0g'a&;qGJ
csrSwfjcif;
pHowfrSwfcsuf 2/
tpDtpOfa&;qGJjcif;ESif hta
umiftxnfazmf
aqmif&Gufjcif;
tajccHpHowfrSwfcsufrsm;-
&yf&Gmvlxkyl;aygif;yg0ifrI? n§dEd Iif;aqmif&GufrI? pdppfyd kif;jcm;rI
ynma&;rl0g'
106
EdkifiHwumOya'jyXmef;csufrsm;ESifh aMunmcsufrsm;wGif vlwdkif;onf ynmoif,lEdkifcGifh&SdaMumif;azmfjyyg&Sdonf/
þ&ydkifcGifhudk tav;xm;? umuG,fapmifha&SmufNyD; jznfhqnf;ay;&efonf EkdifiHawmfESifh EdkifiHwumtzGJUtpnf;rsm;\
wm0efjzpfonf/ vGwfvyfpGmxkwfazmfajymqdk a&;om;cGifh&Sdjcif;? cGJjcm;qufqHrIr&Sdjcif;ESifh vlrIa&;ESifh
ynma&;rl0g'rsm;udk qHk;jzwf&mü ajyma&;qdkcGifh&Sdjcif;[laom &ydkifcGifhrsm;onf ynmoif,lcGifh&&Sda&;wGif
aygif;pyfyg0ifaeonf/
ta&;ay:tajctaerS jyefvnfxlaxmifonfhumvwpfavQmufwGif þ&ydkifcGifhrsm;udk umuG,fapmifha&Smuf&ef
tvGefta&;BuD;onf/ þodkY yHhydk;ulnDEdkif&eftwGuf ynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;ESifh tjcm;t"duusaom
yg0ifywfoufolrsm;onf ta&;ay:ynma&;tpDtpOfwpf&yfudk a&;qGJítaumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Guf&ef vdkonf/
,if;tpDtpOfwGif-
• rdrdEkdifiHESifh EdkifiHwum ynma&;pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;ESifh rl0g'rsm;udk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;oifhonf?
• ynmoif,lcGifh&&Sd&ef aqmif&Gufay;rnfjzpfaMumif; &Sif;vif;pGmazmfjyoifhonf?
• tcuftcJtusyftwnf;'PfcHae&olrsm;\ oif,lrIqdkif&mvdktyfcsufrsm;ESifh &ydkifcGifhrsm;twGuf wHkYjyef
aqmif&GufrnfhtaMumif;udk &Sif;vif;pGmazmfjyoifhonf?
• vlwdkif; t&nftaoG;&Sdynma&;&&Sdatmif aqmif&Guf&rnfhvkyfief;tqifhrsm; yg0ifoifhonf?
• ta&;ay:tajctae BudKwifjyifqifrI? ta&;ay:tajctaewHkYjyefrIESifh a&&SnfzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrIwdkYtMum;&Sd
qufpyfrIudk &Sif;vif;pGm azmfjyoifhonf/
ta&;ay:tajctaeBudKwifjyifqifrIESifh wkHYjyefrIrsm;atmifjrifa&;twGuf Mum;0ifulnDaqmif&Gufjcif;?
tpDtpOfrsm;ESifhrl0g'rsm; csrSwfa&;qGJjcif;ESifh taumiftxnfazmfjcif;wdkUwGif &yf&Gmvlxk\yg0ifrIonf ta&;ygonf/
usm;-ru@ wef;wlnDrQ&SdrI? vlrsKd;bmomponfh uGJjym;jcm;em;jcif;tay: av;pm;rIwdkYudk jr§ifhwif&ef
ta&;ay:tajctaetwGuf ynma&;rl0g'rsm;ESifh tpDtpOfrsm;wGif uav;oli,ftcGifhta&;qdkif&m
EdkifiHwumoabmwlnDcsufyg jyXmef;csufrsm;udk tjynfht0xnfhoGif;oifhNyD;? vlwdkif;twGuf ynma&;ESifh
axmifpkESpfzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrI&nfrSef;csufrsm;qdkif&m rlabmifrsm;udk xif[yfapoifhonf/ þjyXmef;csufrsm;onf
ynma&;wGif cGJjcm;qufqHrItm;vHk;udk umuG,fapmifha&Smufay;onfh ynma&;Oya'rsm;ESifh rl0g'rsm;udk
taxmuftuljyKay;onf/ cGJjcm;qufqHrI[kqdk&mü usm;-r? bmoma&;? vlrsKd;? bmompum;ESifh roefpGrf;rIrsm;
tm;vHk;tusKH;0ifonf/
107
t"duvkyfief;rsm; (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpkrsm;ESifh ,SOfwGJzwf½I&efjzpfonf)
• EkdifiHawmf\ ynma&;Oya'rsm;? pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;ESifh rl0g'rsm;onf ynma&;taxmuftulypönf;rsm;?
oif,lolrsm;? q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm; ynma&;qdkif&m yk* ¾dKvfrsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;aom EdkifiHwumvlom;csif;
pmemrIESifh vlYtcGifhta&;Oya'rsm;udk vdkufemap&ef yHUydk;ay;onf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 udk Munfhyg)/
• EdkifiHawmf\ ynma&;Oya'rsm;? pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;ESifh rl0g'rsm;onf ynmoif,lcGifh&&SdrIudk
tav;xm;onf? umuG,fapmifha&Smufonf? jznfhqnf;ay;onf? ynma&;udkpOfqufrjywfjzpfay:aponf
(vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1ESifh2 udk Munfhyg)/
• Oya'rsm;? pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;ESifh rl0g'rsm;u jyefvnf odkYr[kwf tpm;xdk; wnfaqmufaom ynma&;
taqmuftOD;ESifhtaxmuftulypönf;rsm;udk ab;uif;vHkNcHKaponf (vrf;nGefcsufrSwfpk 2 ESifh 3 udk Munfhyg)/
• Oya'rsm;? pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;ESifh rl0g'rsm;onf yl;aygif;yg0ifaqmif&GufNyD; tm;vHk;tusKH;0ifaom
vkyfief;pOfrsm;jzifh zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufvmaom qufpyftajctaeudk pdppfydkif;jcm;jcif;tay: tajccHxm;onf
(vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 4 udk Munfhyg)/
• ta&;ay:tajctaeudk tvsiftjref wHkYjyefEdkifaom vkyfief;tpDtpOfrsm;? Oya'rsm;ESifh toHk;p&dwfrsm;jzifh
EdkifiHawmf\ynma&;rl0g'rsm;udk taxmuftuljyKonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 5ESifh6 udk Munfhyg)/
• Oya'rsm;? pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;ESifh rl0g'rsm;onf 'ku©onfrsm;twGuf rl&if;wdkif;jynf\ oif½dk;nTef;wrf;ESifh
bmompum;udk ausmif;rsm;wGif toHk;jyKcGifhay;onf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 7 udk Munfhyg)/
• Oya'rsm;? pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;ESifhrl0g'rsm;onf tef*sDtdkESifh ukvor*¾tzGJUtpnf;rsm;uJhodkY
EdkifiHudk,fpm;jyKr[kwfaom yHUydk;ulnDay;olrsm;tm; ta&;ay:umv ynma&;tpDtpOfrsm;udk aqmif&GufcGifh
ay;onf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 8 udk Munfhyg) /
vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpkrsm;
1/ EdkifiHwumvlYtcGifhta&;jyXmef;csufrsm;t& EdkifiHawmftzJGUtpnf;rsm;\wm0efrSm ynmoif,lcGifhudk
av;pm;&ef? umuG,fapmifha&Smuf&efESifh jznfhqnf;ay;&ef jzpfonf (ed'gef; (pmrsufESm- 2)udkMunfhyg)/
,if;vlUtcGifhta&;jyXmef;csufrsm;wGif vlom;rsm;? txl;ojzifh uav;rsm;? vli,frsm;tm; apmifha&Smufjcif;ESifh
pyfvsOf;onfh EkdifiHwum pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm; yg0ifonf/ xdkUtjyif tm[m&? tyef;ajzjcif;? ,Ofaus;rI?
n§if;yef;ESdyfpufrIwm;qD;umuG,fjcif;ESifh touf(6)ESpfatmuf uav;i,frsm;twGuf uav;oli,f
jyKpkysKd;axmifa&; ponfhe,fy,frsm; yg0ifonf/ uav;oli,ftcGifhta&;qdkif&m oabmwlnDcsufonf
txl;ojzifh ta&;BuD;onf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf þoabmwlnDcsufu uav;rsm;\ ynmoif,lcGifh&&Sda&;ESifh
ynma&;vkyfief;pOftwGif; uav;rsm;&oifhaomtcGifhta&; ESpf&yfpvHk;udk vTrf;NcHKyg0ifonf/ Oyrm-
uav;rsm;ESifhqdkifaom qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;ESifh ywfoufí ¤if;wdkYtm; tBuHjyKaqG;aEG;cGifhay;jcif;? av;pm;pGm
qufqHcH&cGifh&Sdjcif;ESifh olwdkY\ &ydkifcGifhrsm;taMumif; od&SdcGifh&Sdjcif;ponfwdkY yg0ifonf (&yf&Gmvlxkyl;aygif;yg0ifrI
ynma&;qdkif&m wm0ef&Sdolrsm;onf tcrJhynmoifMum;cGifhESifh vlwdkif;ynmoif,lcGifhtygt0if t&nftaoG;&Sd
ynma&;udk pOfqufrjywfapa&;ESifh jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;twGuf OD;pm;ay;aqmif&Gufonf/
ynma&;rl0g' pHowfrSwfcsuf 1/
Oya'ESif hrl0g'aa&;qGJcsrSwfjcif;
108
pHowfrSwfcsuf 1\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 5 (pmrsufESm 25-26)? ynmoif,lcGifhESifh oif,lrIywf0ef;usif
pHowfrSwfcsuf 1\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1ESifh2 (pmrsufESm 55-57)? oifMum;jcif;ESifh oif,ljcif;pHowfrSwfcsuf
1\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 5 ESifh 6 (pmrsufESm 79-81) wdkYudkvnf; Munfhyg)/
oif,lolrsm;? q&m^rrsm;ESifh tjcm; ynma&;qdkif&m yk*¾dKvfrsm;onf t&yfom;rsm;jzpfonf/ xdkYtwl ynma&;
taqmuftOD;rsm;onfvnf; t&yfom;rsm;twGuf jzpfonf/ EdkifiHwdkif;u todtrSwfjyKxm;aom EdkifiHwum
vlom;csif;pmemrIqdkif&mOya'\ tpdwftydkif;wpf&yfjzpfaom *sDeDAmoabmwlnDcsufonf xdkt&yfom;rsm;ESifh
t&yfzuftaqmuftOD;rsm;udk vufeufudkifwdkufcdkufjcif;rS umuG,fapmifha&Smufay;onf/ EdkifiHawmfESifh
EkdifiHwum tzGJUtpnf;rsm;onf txufygumuG,fay;rIrsm;udk EkdifiHawmfOya'ESifh vufawGUusifhoHk;rIrsm;wGif
xnfhoGif;&efESifh ynma&;taxmuftulypönf;rsm;tm; ppfbufqdkif&mudpörsm;twGuf toHk;jyKjcif;udk
wm;qD;umuG,f&ef BudK;yrf;aqmif&Gufoifhonf/
tMurf;zufrIu ynma&;tqufrjywfapa&;ESifh uav;oli,fumuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;udk Ncdrf;ajcmufvmvQif
ynma&;? vlYtcGifhta&;ESifh ynma&;ESifhqDavsmfaom vlom;csif;pmemaxmufxm;onfh Oya'rsm;udk
oabmwlvufcHvdkufemvmatmif aqG;aEG;jcif;onf OD;pm;ay;aqmif&Guf&rnfh udpö&yfjzpfonf/ oif,lolrsm;?
ynma&;qdkif&m yk*¾dKvfrsm;ESifh ynma&;taxmuftulypönf;rsm;udk wdkufcdkufrI? odrf;ydkuftoHk;jyKrIwdkYudk
ppfaq;MuD;MuyfNyD; rSwfwrf;wifjcif;onf r&Sdrjzpfvdktyfonf/ þodkYaqmif&Gufjcif;onf 'ku©onfrsm;\
*kPfodu©mudk av;pm;jcif;jzpfNyD;? n§dEIdif;aqmif&Gufaom wHkYjyefrI? pHkprf;ppfaq;rIESifh w&m;pGJqdkrIwdkYudk
jzpfay:aponf (ynmoif,lcGifhESifh oif,lrIywf0ef;usif pHowfrSwfcsuf 2\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1? 3-4 ESifh 6-7
(pmrsufESm 61-65) wdkYudkvnf; Munfhyg)/
2/ EdkifiHawmf\ ynma&;Oya'rsm;ESif h rl0g'rsm;onf vlwdkif;twGufynma&;tqufrjywfa&;udk
aocsmapoifhonf/ EdkifiHtqifhESifh &yf&Gma'otqifh ausmif;ta&;ay:tpDtpOfrsm;wGif Mudkwifod&Sd
arQmfvifhxm;aom tEÅ&m,frsm;ESifh jyefvnfay:aygufvmEdkifaom tEÅ&m,frsm;udk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;oifhonf/
tEÅ&m,frsm;qdk&mü yHkrSefa&BuD;jcif;uJhodkYaom ynma&;udk wpfpwpfp xdcdkufrI jzpfvmapaom tao;pm;
obm0ab;rsm;vnf; yg0ifonf/ xdkUtjyif xdcdkufcH&vG,faom uav;rsm;ESifh vli,frsm;\
oD;oefYvdktyfcsufrsm;udkvnf; xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;oifhonf/ ta&;ay:tajctae odkYr[kwf ab;tEÅ&m,f
wHkYjyefrIqdkif&m ynma&;Oya' r&Sdao;aom EdkifiHrsm;wGif ta&;ay:tajctaeu ,if;Oya'udk a&;qJG&ef
tcGifhtvrf;jzpfaponf (ppfaq;tuJjzwfrI pHowfrSwfcsuf 1\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3 (pmrsufESm 37-38)
ynmoif,lcGifhESifh oif,lrIywf0ef;usifpHowfrSwfcsuf 2 \ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 11 (pmrsufESm 66-67) ESifh
oifMum;jcif;ESifh oif,ljcif;pHowfrSwfcsuf 2 \ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 6 (pmrsufESm 86) wdkYudkvnf; Munfhyg)/
ynma&;rl0g'rsm;ESifh tpDtpOfrsm;wGif ausmif;aeouffatmuf uav;rsm;? 4if;wdkU\rdbrsm;ESifh
tkyfxdef;olrsm;twGuf uav;oli,fjyKpkysKd;axmifa&; 0efaqmifrIvkyfief;rsm;udk xnfhoGif;oifhonf/
,if;0efaqmifrIvkyfief;rsm;wGif-
- uav;oli,fjyKpkapmifha&SmufrIESifh rdbtkyfxdef;oltkyfpkrsm;
- uav;upm;az:tkyfpkrsm;
- ab;uif;vHkNcHKaomae&mrsm;&SdvIyf&Sm;rIrsm;wGif uav;rsm;yg0ifapjcif;?
- usef;rma&;? tm[m&ESifh tjcm;aom0efaqmifrIvkyfief;rsm;ESifh qufpyfrI&Sdapjcif;rsm; yg0ifEkdifonf/
EdkifiHtqifh vli,frsm;qdkif&mrl0g'&SdNyD;aom EdkifiHrsm;wGif ta&;ay:tajctaeu vli,ftxl;jyK ynma&;twGuf
u@rsm;tMum; ydkrdkqufoG,faqmif&GufEdkif&ef tcGifhtvrf;ay;onf/ EdkifiHtqifh vli,frsm;qdkif&mrl0g'
r&Sdao;aom EdkifiHrsm;wGifrl oufqdkif&m yg0ifywfoufolrsm;u ta&;ay: tajctaetwGif; vli,fqdkif&m
109
udpö&yfrsm;twGuf qufoG,faqmif&Guf&rnfh t"duyk*¾dKvf̂ Xmeudk owfrSwfay;oifhonf/ vli,frsm;udpöudk
xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;onfh rl0g'ESifh vli,ftpDtpOfa&;qGJrIESifh taumiftxnfazmfrIrsm;wGif u@tcsif;csif;
tjyeftvSef qufoG,f aqmif&Gufoifhonf/ EdkifiHtqifh vli,frl0g'a&;qGJjyKpkvQif ,if;rl0g'onf
vli,ftkyfpki,frsm;tMum;&Sd trsKd;rsKd;uGJjym;jcm;em;aom pdwfyg0ifpm;rIrsm;ESifh vTrf;rdk;rIrsm;? vli,fyl;aygif;yg0ifrI
yHkpHtrsKd;rsKd;\ tcGifhtvrf;ESifh ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajc ponfwdkUudk pdppfydkif;jcm;rItay: tajccHoifhonf/
EdkifiHtqifh vli,frl0g'u-
- ynma&;
- pufrIvufrIynmESifh oufarG;ynmoifMum;a&;ESifhavhusifhrI
- ta&;ay:tajctaetwGuf BudKwifjyifqifrIu@wkdYESifh pyfvsOf;aom EdkifiHtqifhrlabmifudk
ydkrdkjynfhpHkaponf/
(ynmoif,lcGifhESifh oif,lrIywf0ef;usifpHowfrSwfcsuf 1 \vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 2 (pmrsufESm 57) ESifh SEEP uGef&uf Minimum Standards for Economic Recovery after Crisis, Employment Creation Standards udkvnf;
Munfhyg)/
3/ ausmif;taqmuftOD;opfESif h jyefvnfwnfaqmufaomausmif;rsm;\ ab;uif;vHkNcHKrI/ /
awGYMuHKzl;aom jzpfEdkifonfhtEÅ&m,frsm;? Ncdrf;ajcmufrIrsm;rS ab;uif;vHkNcHKaomae&mwGif ausmif;wnfae&mrsm;udk
a&G;cs,fí cdkifcHhrnfh 'DZdkif;a&;qGJ wnfaqmufoifhonf/ vHkavmufaomae&mtus,fudkvnf; pDpOfxm;oifhonf/
odkYrSom ta&;ay:tajctaewGif ausmif;rsm;udk ,m,DcdkvIH&mae&mrsm;tjzpf toHk;jyK&efvdktyfvmaomtcg
ynmoifMum;a&;udk taESmifht,Sufjzpfjcif;rS uif;a0;Edkifrnfjzpfonf (ynmoif,lcGifhESifh oif,lrIywf0ef;usif
pHowfrSwfcsuf 1 \ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 9 (pmrsufESm 59-60)? ynmoif,lcGifhESifh oif,lrIywf0ef;usif
pHowfrSwfcsuf 3\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1-2 (pmrsufESm 68-70) ESifh INEE Toolkit:www.ineesite.org/toolkit
wGif &&SdEdkifaom INEE Guidance Notes on Safer School Construction wdkYudkvnf; Munfhyg)/
4/ qufpyftajctaepdppfyd kif;jcm;jcif;/ / ynma&;Oya'rsm;ESifh rl0g'rsm;onf ta&;ay:tajctaetwGif;
jzpfay:Ekdifonfh vlrIa&;? pD;yGm;a&;? vHkNcHKa&;? ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&;ESifh EdkifiHa&;ajymif;vJrItajctaersm;udk
aumif;pGm xif[yfoifhonf/ þenf;jzifh ynma&;pDrHudef;rsm;ESifhtpDtpOfrsm;onf oif,lolrsm;ESifh
vlYtzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifh tcGifhta&;rsm;udk jznfhqnf;ay;EdkifjyD; qdk;&Gm;aom vlrIa&;cGJjcm;rIESifh
y#dyu©rsm;rS uif;a0;aponf/
qufpyftajctaepdppfydkif;jcm;jcif;rsm;wGif y#dyu©ppfaq;pdppfjcif;rsm;? vlYtcGifhta&;ppfaq;pdppfjcif;rsm;ESifh
ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajcESifh BudKwifumuG,frI pdppfydkif;jcm;jcif;rsm; yg0ifonf/ ynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;ESifh
tjcm;yg0ifywfoufolrsm;onf ynma&;udpö&yfrsm;udk jyefvnfoHk;oyf&ef qufpyftajctaepdppf
ydkif;jcm;jcif;wGif yg0ifulnDoifhonf/ qufpyftajctaepdppfydkif;jcm;jcif;wGif &yf&GmvlxkESifh us,fjyefYpGm
aqG;aEG;í tBuHÓPf&,ljcif;vnf; yg0ifonf/ ynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;ESifh tjcm;yg0ifywfoufolrsm;onf
,if;odkYaom pdppfydkif;jcm;rIrsm;udk yHkrSefaqmif&Gufaom ynma&;u@ jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;ESifh jyKjyifajymif;vJjcif;
vkyfief;pOfwGif tpdwftydkif;wpf&yftjzpf xnfhoGif;aqmif&Gufvmap&ef aqG;aEG;wifjyoifhonf (pdppfydkif;jcm;jcif;
pHowfrSwfcsuf 1\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3 rS 6 (pmrsufESm 37-39) udkvnf; Munfhyg)/
ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajcpdppfjcif;wGif EdkifiHa&;? pDrHcefYcJGa&;ESifh vlom;csif;pmemrIqdkif&m ywf0ef;usif&Sd
tusifhysufjcpm;rIjzpfEdkifajcpdppfjcif; yg0ifonf/ ta&;ay:tajctaewGif ynma&;wHkYjyefrItpDtpOf a&;qJG
110
taumiftxnfazmf&mwGif tusifhysufjcpm;rIESifh pyfvsOf;í yGifhvif;EdkiforQ yGifhvif;pGm aqG;aEG;oifhonf/
yGifhvif;pGm aqG;aEG;jcif;onf tusifhysufjcpm;rI wdkufzsufa&;rl0g'udk jzpfay:aponfh taumif;qHk;
enf;vrf;jzpfonf/ tusifhysufjcpm;rIudpörsm;udk aqG;aEG;jcif;onf tusifhysufjcpm;rIudk cGifhvTwfay;&ef r[kwfyg?
odkYr[kwf usL;vGefol\ ckcHumuG,fEdkifpGrf;enf;rIaMumifh jzpf&onf[k owfrSwf&ef r[kwfyg (pdppfydkif;jcm;jcif;
pHowfrSwfcsuf 1\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3 (pmrsufESm 37) udkvnf; Munfhyg)/
5/ owif;tcsuftvufrQa0ay;jcif;ESif h owif;tcsuftvufpepfrsm;/ / ynma&;rl0g'rsm;
a&;qJGjyKpkolrsm;ESifh taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gufolrsm;onf rl0g'rsm;ESifh wHkYjyefrIenf;AsL[mrsm;qdkif&m
owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk rQa0ay;oifhonf/ ,if;odkUrQa0ay;jcif;onf y#dyu©ESifh ab;tEÅ&m,f avsmhyg;a&;
aqmif&Guf&mwGif txl;ta&;ygonf/ owif;tcsuftvufrsm;onf em;vnfvG,fNyD; tm;vHk; vufvSrf;rD
&&SdEdkifoifhonf (n§dEIdif;aqmif&GufrIpHowfrSwfcsuf 1 \ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3 (pmrsufESm 32-33) udk Munfhyg)/
Oya'rsm;? pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;ESifhrl0g'rsm;udk ,HkMunfudk;pm;&aom owif;tcsuftvufrsm;tay: tajccHNyD;
a&;qGJoifhonf/ ynma&;pDrHcefYcGJrI owif;tcsuftvufpepf\ tcsuftvufrsm;onf ta&;ay:tajctae
jzpfvG,faom a'orsm;? a'ocHrsm;\ owif;tcsuftvufrsm;ESifh qufpyfrI&Sdoifhonf/ ,if;tcsufonf
EdkifiHtqifhESifh &yf&Gma'otqifh ynma&;tpDtpOf a&;qGJjcif;rsm;twGuf tcsuftvufrsm; yHhydk;ulnDay;aom
BudKwifjyifqifjcif; enf;AsL[mjzpfonf/ jzpfEdkifvQif &yf&Gmvlxku aumuf,lxm;aom ynma&;
tcsuftvufrsm;udk EdkifiHtqifh ynma&;pDrHcefYcGJrI owif;tcsuftvufpepfwGif xnfhoGif;toHk;jyKoifhonf
(pdppfydkif;jcm;jcif;pHowfrSwfcsuf 3 \ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3 (pmrsufESm 46-47) udkvnf; Munfhyg)/
6/ ab;tEÅ&m,fBudKwifjyifqifjcif;qdkif&mrlabmifrsm;/ / ynma&;onf EdkifiHtqifh ab;tEÅ&m,f
BudKwifjyifqifjcif;qdkif&mrlabmifrsm;ESifh wpfom;wnf;jzpf&rnf/ xda&mufjyD; tcsdefESifh wpfajy;nDjzpfaom
ynma&;wHkYjyefrIrsm; aqmif&Gufay;Edkif&eftwGuf &if;jrpfrsm;udk ab;uif;vHkNcHKpGm jyifqifxm;&Sdoifhonf/
EdkifiHtqifh odkYr[kwf &yf&Gma'otqifh ynma&;tpDtpOfrsm;udk yHhydk;ulnDaeaom EdkifiHwum
tzGJUtpnf;rsm;onf ta&;ay:umv ynma&;wkHYjyefrIrsm;twGuf BudKwifjyifqifjcif;udk zGHUNzdK;rItpDtpOfrsm;\
tpdwftydkif;wpf&yftjzpf wdk;jr§ifhaqmif&Gufoifhonf/ &yf&Gma'otqifh wkHYjyefaqmif&GufrIrsm;udk uav;rsm;?
vli,frsm; yl;aygif;yg0ifaqmif&GufEdkif&ef BudKwifjyifqifjcif;rlabmifrsm;wGif wdusaom owfrSwfcsufrsm;
yg0ifoifhonf (&yf&Gmvlxkyl;aygif;yg0ifrI pHowfrSwfcsuf 1\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 4 ESifh 5 (pmrsufESm24-26)?
&yf&Gmvlxk yl;aygif;yg0ifrI pHowfrSwfcsuf 2\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 5 (pmrsufESm 30)? ynmoif,lcGifhESifh
oif,lrIywf0ef;usifpHowfrSwfcsuf 2\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 11 (pmrsufESm 66-67) ESifh oifMum;jcif;ESifh
oif,ljcif;pHowfrSwfcsuf 2\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 6 (pmrsufESm 86) wdkYudkvnf; Munfhyg)/
7/ cGJjcm;qufqHrIr&Sdjcif;/ / ynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;u ynma&;udk vlwdkif;omwlnDrQ&&Sdap&ef
MudK;yrf;&rnf/ EdkifiHwumOya't& 'ku©onfrsm;onf rlvwef;tqifhynma&;wGif tdrf&SifEdkifiHom;rsm;ESifh
nDnGwfrQwpGm ynma&;cHpm;ydkifcGifh &&Sdoifhonf/ txufwef;tqifhrsm;wGifrl 'ku©onfrsm;onf
ynmavhvmoif,lEdkifcGifh? taxmuftxm;vufrSwfrsm;? 'DyvdkrmESifhbGJUrsm;udk todtrSwfjyKay;jcif;?
tdrf&SifEdkifiHom;rsm;twGuf owfrSwfcsufrsm;twdkif; ynmoifqkrsm;? ausmif;p&dwf uif;vGwfcGifhrsm;
&&Sdapoifhonf/ EdkifiHwGif; a&TUajymif;ae&mcsxm;cH&aom oif,lolrsm;onf a&TUajymif;jcif; rcH&aom
111
EdkifiHom;rsm;enf;wl ynma&;tcGifhtvrf;rsm;udk qufvuf&&Sdapoifhonf/ EkdifiHwGif;ESifh EdkifiHwum
vlYtcGifhta&;Oya'? EkdifiHwGif; ajymif;a&TUae&mcsxm;cH&jcif;qdkif&m vrf;nTefpnf;rsOf;rsm;u
a&TUajymif;ae&mcsxm;cH&olwdkYudk umuG,frIay;onf (ynmoif,lcGifhESifh oif,lrIywf0ef;usifpHowfrSwfcsuf 1\
vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1? 2 ESifh 4 (pmrsufESm 55-58)? oifMum;jcif;ESifh oif,ljcif;pHowfrSwfcsuf 1\
vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3? 7 ESifh 8 (pmrsufESm 78-79)ESifh (pmrsufESm 81-82)? oifMum;jcif;ESifh oif,ljcif;
pHowfrSwfcsuf 2\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 5 (pmrsufESm 85) wdkYudkvnf; Munfhyg)/
8/ tef*sDtdkESif hukvor*¾tzJG Ytpnf;rsm;rSulnDaqmif&Gufolrsm;/ / oif,loltm;vHk;\ ynma&;
vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifh ynma&;qdkif&mtcGifhta&;rsm; jznfhqnf;ay;Edkif&ef EdkifiHawmf\yHhydk;ulnDrIwGif tef*sDtdkESifh
ukvor*¾tzJGYtpnf;rsm;rS ulnDaqmif&Gufolrsm;tm; yg0ifulnDyHUydk;cGifhay;oifhonf/ tpDtpOfrsm;?
taxmuftulypönf;rsm; pwifjyifqifEdkif&efESifh ta&;ay:tajctaeudk vsifjrefab;uif;pGmwHkYjyefEdkif&ef
tdrf&Sifwdkif;jynfu azmfjyygulnDaqmif&Gufolrsm;tm; tultnDay;oifhonf/ þodkYulnDay;jcif;wGif
jynf0ifcGifhADZm vsifjrefpGm&&Sdapjcif;? oif,la&;ESifh u,fq,fa&;ypönf;rsm;twGuf tcGefpnf;MuyfrIqdkif&m
txl;pnf;rsOf;rsm; csrSwfay;jcif;wdkU yg0ifEdkifonf/
112
t"duvkyfief;rsm; (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpkrsm;ESifh ,SOfwGJzwf½I&efjzpfonf)
• ausmif;oifynma&;ESifh ausmif;jyify ynma&;tpDtpOfrsm;onf EkdifiHwumESifh EkdifiHawmf Oya'jzifh
csrSwfxm;aom rlabmifrsm;? rl0g'rsm;udk xif[yfonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 udk Munfhyg)/
• ynma&;vkyfief;rsm;twGuf tpDtpOfa&;qGJjcif;ESifh taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&Gufjcif;rsm;onf tjcm;
ta&;ay:tajctae wHkYjyefrIqdkif&m u@rsm;ESifh aygif;pyfrI&Sdonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 2 udk Munfhyg)/
• ta&;ay:umv ynma&;tpDtpOfrsm;onf EdkifiHtqifh ynma&;tpDtpOfrsm;? enf;AsL[mrsm;ESifh qufpyfrI&SdNyD;
ynma&;u@\ a&&SnfzGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrI ESifh aygif;pyfrI&Sdonf/
• ynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;onf tem*wff ta&;ay:tajctaersm;twGuf MudKwifjyifqif&efESifh
vwfwavm ta&;ay:tajctaersm;twGuf wHkYjyef&ef EdkifiHtqifhESifh &yf&Gma'otqifh
ynma&;tpDtpOfrsm;udk a&;qJGNyD; taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gufonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3 udk Munfhyg)/
• xda&mufNyD; yGifhvif;jrifomaom ynma&;rl0g'rsm; a&;qJGjyKpk&eftwGufvnf;aumif;? ynma&;tpDtpOfrsm;
a&;qGJjcif;ESifh taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gufjcif;wdkYtwGufvnf;aumif; aiGaMu;? enf;ynm? ypönf;ESifh
vlYpGrf;tm;ponfh &if;jrpfrsm; tvHktavmuf&Sdonf (vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 4 ESifh 5 udk Munfhyg)/
vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpkrsm;
1/ ynma&;&ydkifcGif hrsm;ESif h &nfrSef;csufrsm;udk jznfhqnf;ay;jcif;/ / ausmif;oifESifh ausmif;jyify ynma&;
tpDtpOfrsm;onf ynma&;qdkif&mtcGifhta&;rsm;ESifh &nfrSef;csufrsm;udk jznfhqnf;ay;onfh vlwdkif;tusKH;0if
ynma&;vIyf&Sm;rIrsm;udk taxmuftuljzpfoifhonf/ ¤if;wdkYonf EdkifiHtqifhESifh EkdifiHwum Oya'rlabmifrsm;ESifh
udkufnDoifhonf (ynmoif,lcGifhESifh oif,lrIywf0ef;usif pHowfrSwfcsuf 1\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 ? 2 ESifh 4
(pmrsufESm 55-58)? ynma&;rl0gpHowfrSwfcsuf 1\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 ESifh 7 (pmrsufESm 107-108)
wdkYudkvnf; Munfhyg)/
2/ u@rsm;tMum;csdwfqufrIrsm;/ / uav;oli,fjyKpkysKd;axmifa&;ESifh vli,fvIyf&Sm;rIrsm; tygt0ifjzpfaom
ynma&;wHkYjyefaqmif&GufrIrsm;onf a&ay;a0jcif;? wpfudk,fa&ESifh ywf0ef;usifoefY&Sif;a&; jr§ifhwifjcif;? tm[m&?
pm;eyf&du©mvHkNcHKrIESifh pm;eyf&du©maxmufyHhrI? cdkvIH&mae&mcsxm;ay;rI? usef;rma&;0efaqmifrIESifh pD;yGm;a&;
jyefvnfxlaxmifrI tp&Sdaom u@rsm;&Sdvkyfief;aqmif&GufrIrsm;ESifh qufpyfrI&Sdoifhonf/ (pdppfydkif;jcm;rI
pHowfrSwfcsuf 1 \ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 6 (pmrsufESm 39)? ynmoif,lcGifhESifh oif,lrIywf0ef;usifpHowfrSwfcsuf
1 \ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 9 (pmrsufESm 59-60) ynmoif,lcGifhESifh oif,lrIywf0ef;usifpHowfrSwfcsuf 3
(pmrsufESm 68-72)? Sphere vufpGJpmtkyf? SEEP uGef&uf&Sd Minimum Standards for Economic Recovery after
Crisis? tvkyftudkifzefwD;a&;pHowfrSwfcsufESifh vkyfief;zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrI pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;udkvnf; Munfhyg)/
ynma&;vkyfief;rsm;aqmif&Guf&mwGif EdkifiHwumESifh EdkifiHawmf ynma&;rl0g'rsm;? Oya'rsm;? pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;?
tpDtpOfrsm;ESifh ab;'PfcH&olrsm;\ oif,lrIvdktyfcsufrsm;udk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;onf/
ynma&;rl0g' pHowfrSwfcsuf 2/
tpDtpOfa&;qGJjcif;ESif h taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gufjcif;
113
3/ EdkifiHtqifhESif h&yf&Gma'otqifh ynma&;tpDtpOfrsm;/ / ynma&;tpDtpOfrsm;onf vwfwavm
tajctaeESifh aemifwGifBuHKawGU&rnfh ta&;ay:tajctaersm;wGif aqmif&Guf&rnfhvkyfief;rsm;udk
nTefjyoifhonf/ u@rsm;tMum; n§dEIdif;aqmif&Gufa&;twGuf ynma&;tpDtpOfrsm;onf qHk;jzwfcsufcsrSwfjcif;?
n§dEIdif;aqmif&Gufjcif;? ab;uif;vHkNcHKapjcif;ESifh umuG,fapmifha&Smufjcif;qdkif&m ,EÅ&m;rsm;udk wduspGm
owfrSwfoifhonf/ qufpyftajctaersm;udk aumif;pGm em;vnfoabmaygufrItay: tajccHum
ynma&;tpDtpOfrsm;udk a&;qGJjyD;? ,if;tpDtpOfrsm;wGif ab;tEÅ&m,fESifhy#dyu© BudKwifowday;rItwGuf
tnTef;udef;rsm;ESifh ,EÅ&m;rsm;yg0ifoifhonf/ ynma&;tpDtpOfrsm;udk oifhavsmfaom ynma&;rl0g'ESifh
rlabmifwdkYjzifh yHhydk;ay;oifhonf/ EkdifiHtqifhESifh &yf&Gma'otqifh ynma&;tpDtpOfrsm;udk yHkrSef jyefvnfpdppf
oHk;oyf&ef pepfwpfck&Sdoifhonf (&yf&Gmvlxkyl;aygif;yg0ifrI pHowfrSwfcsuf 1\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 4 (pmrsufESm
24-25)? &yf&Gmvlxkyl;aygif;yg0ifrI pHowfrSwfcsuf 2 (pmrsufESm 28-30)? n§dEIdif;aqmif&GufrIpHowfrSwfcsuf 1\
vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 (pmrsufESm 31-32)? pdppfydkif;jcm;rIpHowfrSwfcsuf 1\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3 (pmrsufESm 37-
38) ESifh ynma&;rl0g'pHowfrSwfcsuf 1\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 4 (pmrsufESm 109-110) wdkYudkvnf; Munfhyg)/
4/ &if;jrpfrsm;/ / EdkifiHawmftzJGYtpnf;rsm;? vlom;csif;pmemrIqdkif&mtzGJUtpnf;rsm;? tvSL&Sifrsm;? tef*sDtdkrsm;?
&yf&Gmvlxkrsm;ESifh tjcm;yg0ifywfoufolrsm;onf ta&;ay:tajctae ynma&;axmufyHhrIrsm;twGuf
vHkavmufaom &efyHkaiG&&Sd&ef twlwGJí aqmif&Gufoifhonf/ &if;jrpfqdkif&m n§dEIdif;aqmif&Gufjcif;udk EkdifiHawmfu
OD;aqmifoifhNyD; vuf&Sdn§dEIdif;aqmif&GufrI,EÅ&m;rsm;ESifh aygif;pyfoifhonf/ qufpyftajctaet& jzpfEdkifvQif
&if;jrpfrsm; cGJa0csxm;ay;jcif;udk-
- wdk;csJUpmoifcef;rsm;? jyXmef;pmtkyfrsm;? oifaxmufulypönf;rsm;wdkUuJhodkYaom ½kyf0w¬Kypönf;ydkif;qdkif&mu@ESifh
- q&m^rrsm;ESifh BuD;MuyfrIoifwef;rsm;? oifaxmufulypönf;rsm;wdkUuJhodkYaom t&nftaoG;ydkif;qkdif&m
u@rsm;tMum; tcsKd;nDpGm &Sdap&ef aqmif&Gufoifhonf/
ynmoifMum;a&;udk aESmifh,SufwdkufcdkufrIrsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;í pepfwus oufqdkif&modkU owif;ay;ydkYtpD&ifcHjcif;?
ynma&;tcsuftvufrsm; aumuf,ljcif;? pdppfjcif;ESifhrQa0jcif;wdkYtwGuf &if;jrpfrsm;udk cGJa0ae&mcsxm;oifhonf
(&yf&Gmvlxkyl;aygif;yg0ifrI pHowfrSwfcsuf 2\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 (pmrsufESm 28)? n§dEIdif;aqmif&GufrI
pHowfrSwfcsuf\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 1 ESifh 2 (pmrsufESm 31-32)? pdppfydkif;jcm;rI pHowfrSwfcsuf 2\
vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 2 (pmrsufESm 42)? pdppfydkif;jcm;rI pHowfrSwfcsuf 3 \ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3 (pmrsufESm 46-
47)? pdppfydkif;jcm;rI pHowfrSwfcsuf 4\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 3ESifh 4 (pmrsufESm 49)? ynmoif,lcGifhESifh
oif,lrIywf0ef;usif pHowfrSwfcsuf 2\ vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpk 4 ESifh 7 (pmrsufESm 63-65) wdkYudkvnf; Munfhyg)/
115
aemufqufwGJ 1- a0g[m&t"dyÜg,frsm;
ynmoif,lcGif h (Access) / ausmif;oif odkYr[kwf ausmif;jyify ynma&;tpDtpOfwGif ausmif;tyfESHa&;?
ausmif;wufa&;ESifh NyD;pD;atmifoif,la&; ponfwdkUudkaqmif&GufEdkifonfh tcGifhtvrf;/ ynmoif,lcGifhudk
uefUowfjcif;r&Sdaomtcg aiGaMu;? ½kyf0w¦K? vHkNcHKa&;? zGJUpnf;yHk? tzGJUtpnf;ESifh vlrI-,Ofaus;rIqdkif&m
t[efYtwm;rsm;r&SdyJ oif,lolrsm;onf ynma&;tpDtpOfwGif jyD;qHk;onftxd yg0ifoif,lEdkifMuonf/
wm0efcHrI (Accountability)/ xdcdkufepfemolrsm;\ vdktyfcsufrsm;? pdk;&drfylyefrIrsm;? pGrf;aqmif&nfrsm;ESifh
tajctaersm;udk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;aom vkyf&yfrsm;ESifh qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;twGuf taMumif;&if;rsm;udk &Sif;jyjcif;/
wm0efcHjcif;onf aiGaMu;okH;pGJrItygt0if pDrHcefYcGJrIvkyfief;pOfrsm;tm;vHk;udk yGifhvif;jrifomaponf/ ajymqdkcGifh&SdNyD;
wHkYjyefaqmif&Guf&efvnf; wm0ef&Sdonf/ ynma&;wGif ]wm0efcHrI}[lonfrSm ynma&;yHhydk;olrsm;tm; ¤if;wdkY\
ynma&;0efaqmifrIrsm; t&nftaoG;&Sd&ef wm0ef,lapjcif;jzpfonf/ ,if;0efaqmifrSKrsm;wGif oif,lolrsm;\ A[kokw?
uRrf;usifrIESifh oabmxm;rsm;? q&m^r\tjyKtrlESifh ausmif; odkYr[kwf ynma&;pepf\aqmif&GufrIrsm; yg0ifonf/
ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif; (Assessment)/ (1) ta&;ay:umvwGif ynma&;vkyfief;rsm;ESifh Mum;0ifulnDaqmif&GufrI
tpDtpOfrsm;udk ra&;qGJrD vdktyfcsufrsm;? wHkYjyefrIwGif &Sdaeao;onfh uGm[csufrsm;? &&SdEkdifaom&if;jrpfrsm;ESifh
pyfvsOf;í qHk;jzwfEdkif&ef avhvmqef;ppfjcif;? (2) oif,lolrsm;\ wdk;wufrIESifh wwfajrmufrIudk ppfaq;jcif;/
oif,lrI&v'frsm;udk ynma&;tpDtpOfuowfrSwfay;aom ppfaq;tuJjzwfrIyHkpHjzifh ppfaq;tuJjzwfonf/
ppfaq;tuJjzwfenf;rsm;udk INEE Toolkit: www.ineesite.org/toolkit wGif awGU&SdEdkifonf/ owfrSwfxm;aom
qufpyftajctae odkUr[kwf ywf0ef;usifwGif vdktyfaeonfh owif;tcsuftvufrsm;&,lEkdif&ef
ppfaq;tuJjzwfenf;rsm;udk tNrJwrf; vdkufavsmnDaxG jyKjyifajymif;vJoifhonf/
pGrf;aqmif&nf (Capacity)/ oabmwlcsrSwfxm;aom &nfrSef;csufyef;wdkifodkU a&muf&Sd&ef toHk;jyKEdkifaom
vlwpfOD;csif;pD odkYr[kwf &yf&GmvlxktwGif;? vlUtzGJUtpnf;twGif;? vkyfief;tzGJUtpnf;twGif;&Sd tm;omcsufrsm;?
yifudk,ft&nftcsif;rsm;ESifh &if;jrpfrsm;\ aygif;pnf;tiftm;/
pGrf;aqmif&nfwnfaqmufjcif; (Capacity building)/ vlyk* ¾dKvfrsm;ESifh tzGJUtpnf;rsm;u 4if;wdkU\&nfrSef;csuf
aygufajrmufatmif aqmif&GufEkdif&ef todynm? pGrf;aqmif&nf? uRrf;usifrIrsm;ESifh tjyKtrlrsm;udk ulnDtm;jznfhay;jcif;/
uav;aysmfae&mrsm;ESif hausmif;rsm; (Child-friendly spaces and schools)/ uav;rsm;u pepfwus
upm;enf;rsm;jzifh pdwfBudKufupm;Edkifjcif;? tyef;ajzjcif;? tem;,ljcif;ESifh oif,lrSKvkyfief;rsm; vkyfEkdif&eftwGuf
&yf&Gmvlxku zefwD;xm;aom jyKpkysKd;axmifrIay;&m0ef;usifrsm; wnf&Sdonfh ab;uif;vHkNcHKonfhae&mrsm;ESifh ausmif;rsm;/
uav;aysmfae&mrsm;u uav;rsm;tm; usef;rma&;? tm[m&? vlrIpdwfydkif;qdkif&m yHhydk;ulnDrIrsm; ay;EdkifNyD;
uav;rsm;tm; yHkrSeftaetxm;odkY jyefvnfa&muf&SdatmifESifh qufvuf&yfwnfEdkifatmif yHhydk;ulnDay;onfh
vkyfief;rsm; aqmif&Gufay;onf/ uav;aysmfae&mrsm;ESifh uav;aysmfausmif;vkyfief;rsm;udk tm;vHk;yl;aygif;yg0if
pDpOfaqmif&GufMuonf/ uav;rsm;tm; touft&G,f ydkif;jcm;owfrSwfíaomfvnf;aumif;? touft&G,ftkyfpk
trsKd;rsKd;twGufaomfvnf;aumif; pDpOfaqmif&Gufay;Ekdifonf/ uav;aysmfae&mrsm;ESifh uav;aysmfausmif;rsm;
pDpOfaqmif&Gufjcif;onf ta&;ay:tajctaerS jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;umv wpfavQmufvHk; ta&;BuD;onf/
uav;oli,fumuG,fapmifha&Smufjcif; (Child protection)/ uav;rsm;tm; n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;? acgif;yHkjzwf
tjrwfxkwfjcif;? vspfvsL½Ijcif;? tMurf;zufjcif;? tEkdifusifhjcif;? vdifrIqdkif&mapmfum;aESmifh,Sufjcif;?
&G,fwlcsif;tMurf;zufjcif;? q&m^rrsm;ESifh ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;\ tMurf;zufjcif;? obm0ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;?
vufeufcJ,rf;rD;ausmufrsm;? ajrjr§Kyfrdkif;rsm;ESifh raygufuGJao;aom vufeufcJ,rf;rsm;? vufeufudkifwyfzGJUrsm;?
tjyeftvSefypfcwfaeaomae&mrsm;? EdkifiHa&;ESifh ppfzufqdkif&mNcdrf;ajcmufrIrsm;? vufeufudkifwyfzGJUrsm;ESifh
vufeufudkiftkyfpkrsm;wGif tvkyf0ifa&mufvkyfudkifapjcif;rsm; tygt0if tm;vHk;aom n§if;yef;ESdyfpufjcif;?
acgif;yHkjzwftjrwfxkwfjcif;? vspfvsL½Ijcif;? tMurf;zufjcif; yHkpHtrsKd;rsdK;rS uav;rsm;tm; uif;a0;vGwfajrmufaprI/
uav;rsm; (Children)/ arG;prS touf 18 ESpfMum;&Sdol tm;vHk;/ þtkyfpkwGif (10ESpfrS19ESpftwGif;)
q,fausmfoufrsm; trsm;pk yg0ifonf/ þtkyfpkonf vli,ftkyfpk (Youth) (touf 15ESpfrS 24 ESpftwGif;) ESifh
xyfonf (]vli,ftkyfpk} t"dyÜm,fowfrSwfcsufudk aemufydkif;wGifMunfhyg)/
116
vufeufudkifwyfzG J Y ? vufeufudkiftkyfpkrsm;ESif h qufpyfrI&S daom uav;rsm; (Children associated with armed forces and armed groups) / uav;rsm;onf t"r®ac:aqmifoGm;cH&NyD; twif;tMuyfcdkif;apcH&jcif;jzpfEkdifovdk
udkifwdkifwuf<upGm qufoG,fyg0ifjcif;vnf; jzpfEkdifonf/ xdkuav;rsm;onf vufeufrsm; tNrJwrf; udkifaqmif&avh
r&Sdyg/ ypönf;o,folrsm;? pHkprf;axmufvSrf;olrsm;? xrif;csufrsm;? vdifrIqdkif&mtMurf;zufcH&onfhom;aumifrsm;vnf;
jzpfEdkifonf/ þuav;rsm;onf ynmoif,lcGifh r&Sdyg/ ,if;tajctaersm;rS vGwfvyfcGifh&vmjyD;
jyefvnfaygif;pnf;a&; aqmif&GufpOfumvtwGif; ausmif;oifESifh ausmif;jyifyynma&;? t&Sdefjr§ifhoif,lapjcif;?
b0wGufwmuRrf;usifp&mESifh oufarG;ynmoif,lapjcif; tygt0if 4if;wdkY\ oD;jcm; ynma&;vdktyfcsuftvdkuf
uav;rsm;tm; txl;*½kjyKaqmif&Gufay;&rnf/ jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;tpDtpOfrsm;wGif rdef;uav;rsm;tm;
owdrrlrdjcif;? csefvSyfxm;jcif;rsm; &Sdwwfojzifh ¤if;wdkYtwGuf txl;tav;xm;aqmif&Gufay;&ef vdktyfonf/
odrIqdkif&mjzpfpOfrsm; (Cognitive)/ awG;awmjcif;? pdwful;jcif;? odjrifem;vnfjcif;? rSwfom;jcif;? qHk;jzwfcsufcsjcif;?
usKd;aMumif;qifjcifjcif;? jyóemajz&Sif;jcif; ponfh pdwfydkif;qdkif&mjzpfpOfrsm;/
&yf&Gmynma&;aumfrwD (Community education committee)/ &yf&Gmvlxk\ ynma&;qdkif&mvdktyf
csufrsm;udkpdppfazmfxkwfNyD; ajz&Sif;&efenf;vrf;&Smay;aom wnf&SdqJ odkYr[kwf topfzGJUpnf;xm;aomaumfrwD/
tzGJU0ifrsm;tjzpf rdbrsm;ESifh tkyfxdef;olrsm;? q&m^rrsm;? oif,lolrsm;? &yf&GmtzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh acgif;aqmifrsm;?
ab;z,fxm;jcif;cH&aomtkyfpkrsm;? vlrSKtzGJUtpnf;rsm;? vli,frsm;ESifh usef;rma&;vkyfom;rsm; yg0ifonf/
y#dyu©avsmhyg;apjcif; (Conflict mitigation) / (1) y#dyu©udk owdxm;qifjcifNyD; wif;rmrIrsm;ESifh tMurf;zufrI\
t&if;cHtaMumif;w&m;rsm;udk rwdk;yGg;vmap&ef aqmif&GufrIrsm;ESifh vkyfief;pOfrsm;? (2) y#dyu©jzpf&aom
taMumif;&if;rsm;udk ajz&Sif;&efESifh y#dyu©wGif yg0ifywfoufaeolrsm;\ aqmif&GufyHk? odjrifem;vnfyHkrsm;udk
ajymif;vJay;&ef &nf&G,fonfh aqmif&GufrIrsm;ESifh vkyfief;pOfrsm;/ vlom;csif;pmemrI? jyefvnfxlaxmifrIESifh zGHUNzdK;
wdk;wufrIqdkif&mvkyfief;rsm;onf y#dyu©tajctaetay: tusdK;oufa&mufrI &Sd? r&SdESifh a&&SnfNidrf;csrf;a&;?
wnfNidrfa&;twGuf taxmuftulay;EdkifrI &Sd? r&Sd wdkYudk od&Sd&ef ,if;vkyfief;rsm;udk jyefvnfpdppfoHk;oyfonf/
y#dyu©avsmhyg;aponfh csOf;uyfenf;rsm;udk y#dyu©jzpfaepOfESifh y#dyu©tjyD;tajctaersm;wGif y#dyu©wm;qD;a&;Esifh
Mum;0ifulnDaqmif&GufrItwGuf toHk;jyKEdkifonf/
roefpGrf;rI (Disability)/ vlYtzGJUtpnf;wGif tjcm;olrsm;ESifhwef;wlnDrQ tjynfht0 xda&mufpGm yl;aygif;yg0ifjcif;rS
wm;qD;xm;aom ½kyfydkif;? pdwfydkif;? todÓPfynmydkif; odkUr[kwf tm½HkcHpm;rIydkif;qdkif&m csKdU,Gif;rIESifh
pdwfoabmxm;ykdif;ESifh ywf0ef;usifydkif;qdkif&m t[efUtwm;jzpfrI/
tao;pdwfcG Jjcm;Ed kifaom tcsuftvufrsm; (Disaggregated data)/ u@tpdwftydkif;tvdkuf cGJjcm;Edkifaom
pm&if;tif;qdkif&m tcsuftvufrsm;/ Oyrm- tkyfpkwpfckvHk;OD;wnfí odkYr[kwf erlemaumuf,lí
ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;rS &&Sdvmaomtcsuftvufrsm;udk usm;-r? touftkyfpk? aexdkif&ma'o yx0Dtaetxm;t&
pdppfydkif;jcm;Edkifonf/
ab;tEÅ&m,f (Disaster)/ xdcdkufcH&olrsm;ESifh &yf&GmvlxkwdkU\ &if;jrpftiftm;jzifh &ifqdkifajz&Sif;EdkifpGrf;udk
ausmfvGefjyD; vlwdkY\ touf? tdk;tdrf? ypönf;Opöm? tvkyftudkifESifh a&ajrobm0ywf0ef;usifrsm;udk tBuD;tus,f
ysufpD;qHk;½HI;apum vlYtzGJUtpnf; odkUr[kwf &yf&GmtzJGYtpnf;\ vkyfief;aqmifwmrsm;tm;vHk; &yfqdkif;oGm;aom
tajctae/
ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfEd kifajcavQmhcsjcif; (Disaster risk reduction)/ tEÅ&m,frsm;ESifhxdawGU&rIudk avQmhcsjcif;?
vlESifhypönf;Opömrsm;\ xdcdkufysufpD;vG,frIudk avQmhcsjcif;? a&ajrawmawmif? obm0ywf0ef;usifudk tajrmftjrif&pGm
pDrHcefYcGJjcif;ESifh qdk;&Gm;aomjzpf&yfrsm;twGuf BudKwifjyifqifrIrsm; wdk;jr§ifhaqmif&Gufjcif;rsm; tygt0if
ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfapEdkifaom taMumif;&if;rsm;udk pdppfydkif;jcm;í pDrHcefUcGJ&ef pepfwusBudK;yrf;tm;xkwfjcif;jzifh
ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajcrsm;udk avQmhcsaom todonmESifh vufawGUaqmif&GufrIrsm;/
117
cGJjcm;qufqHjcif; (Discrimination)/ usm;-r u@? vdifydkif;qdkif&mudkif;nTwfrI? bmoma&;? touft&G,f? vlrsKd;pk?
HIVul;pufrIajctaeESifh tjcm;tcsuftvufrsm;tay: tajccHjyD; taxmuftulypönf;rsm;? 0efaqmifrIrsm;?
tcGifhtvrf;rsm;? vlYtcGifhta&; odkUr[kwf yl;aygif;yg0ifaqmif&GufcGifhrsm;tm; vufvSrf;rrDapaom vltcsif;csif;
jcm;em;pGmqufqHrI/
pdwfaomua&mufjcif; (Distress)/ pdwfrcsrf;omjcif;? pdk;&drfaomua&mufjcif;? rwnfrNidrfjzpfjcif; tajctaersm;/
,if;pdwfcHpm;rIonf qif;&JEGrf;yg;jcif;? >yyfodyfusyfnyfpGm aexdkif&jcif;? ab;uif;vHkNcHKa&;ESifh
udk,fpdwfESpfyg;csrf;omrItwGuf taESmuft,Sufjzpfapaom aexdkifrItajctae ponfwdkYaMumifh jzpfay:wwfonf/
qdk;usKd;oufa&mufrIr&Sdapjcif; (Do No Harm)/ y#dyu© odkYr[kwf y#dyu©jzpfEdkifajc&Sdaom ae&mrsm;wGif
vlom;csif;pmemrIESifh zGHUNzdK;a&;vkyfief;rsm; aqmif&Gufjcif;aMumifh jzpfay:vmaom e*dkrlv&nf&G,frxm;onfh taumif;?
tqdk;oufa&mufrIrsm;udk pdppfazmfxkwfEdkifaponfh csOf;uyfenf;/ Mum;0ifulnDaqmif&Gufjcif;aMumifh y#dyu©udk ydkrdk
qdk;&Gm;rvmapyJ ydkrdkaumif;rGefonfhtajctae jzpfvmap&ef þcsOf;uyfenf;udk vkyfief;tpDtpOfa&;qGJpOf?
ppfaq;BuD;MuyfpOfESifh tuJjzwfoHk;oyfpOf toHk;csEdkifonf/ ]qdk;usKd;oufa&mufrIr&Sdapjcif;}udk y#dyu©tajctaetwGif;
vIyf&Sm;aqmif&Gufaeaom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\vkyfief;rsm;wGif r&Sdrjzpf vdktyfaom tajccHtjzpf xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;onf/
uav;oli,fjyKpkysdK;axmifa&; (Early childhood development)/ arG;prS 8 ESpft&G,f&Sd uav;i,frsm;wGif
udk,fusef;rma&;? pdwf"mwfEdk;Mum;rI? pdwfcHpm;rIqdkif&m ,HkMunfrI? vlrIa&;uRrf;usifvdr®mrIESifh oif,l&ef
tqifoifhjzpfrSKwdkYudk zGHUNzdK;vmapaom vkyfief;pOf/ þvkyfief;pOftm; usef;rma&;? tm[m&? a&ESifh
ywf0ef;usifoefY&Sif;a&;? wpfudk,fa&oefY&Sif;a&;? ynma&;ESifh uav;oli,f umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&; paom
0efaqmifrSKvkyfief;rsm; aygif;pyfyg0ifí jynfhpHkaom tpDtpOfrsm;? vlrIa&;ESifh b@ma&;qdkif&m rl0g'rsm;jzifh
yHhydk;ulnDay;Edkifonf/ uav;rsm;ESifh rdom;pkrsm;tm;vHk;onf t&nftaoG;jrifhrm;aom uav;oli,fjyKpkysdK;axmifa&;
tpDtpOfrsm;rS tusKd;aus;Zl;rsm;&&SdMuaomfvnf; csKdUwJhaomtkyfpkrsm;rSm tusKd;aus;Zl; trsm;qHk;&&SdMuayonf/
ynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&S dolrsm; (Education authorities)/ uav;rsm; ynmoif,lcGifh&&Sda&;twGuf wm0ef&Sdaom
tpdk;&tzGJUrsm;ESifh oufqdkif&m0efBuD;Xmersm;? OD;pD;Xmersm;? tzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh at*sifpDrsm;/ þtzGJUrsm;wGif
EdkifiHtqifh? c½dkiftqifhESifh &yf&Gma'otqifh ynma&;yHUydk;rIrsm;twGuf vkyfydkifcGifh&Sdonf/ tpdk;&tzGJUESihf
n§dEdIif;oabmwlnDrI&&Sdaomtaetxm;rsdK;wGif tef*sDtdkESifh ukvor*¾tzGJUtpnf;rsm;uJhodkYaom EdkifiHudk,fpm;jyK
r[kwfonfhtzGJUtpnf;rsm;u wpfcgw&H þwm0efudk ,lay;Edkifonf/
ynma&;tpktzGJU (Education Cluster)/ EdkifiHwGif; ajymif;a&TUae&mcsxm;onfh tajctaersm;wGif
ynma&;u@twGif; vlom;csif;pmemonfh wHkYjyefrIrsm;aqmif&Gufrnf[k owfrSwfjyXmef;xm;NyD; jzpfaom?
twwfynmqdkif&m uRrf;usifrIvnf;&Sdaom at*sifpDrsm;ESifh tzGJUtpnf;rsm;tMum; n§dEIdif;aqmif&GufrI ,EÅ&m;
(IASC)/ IASC (oD;jcm; &Sif;vif;csufygonf) rSwpfqifh 2007 ckESpfwGif pwifwnfaxmifcJhaom ynma&;tpktzGJUudk
urÇmtqifhwGif UNICEF ESifh Save the Children wdkYu OD;aqmifonf/ EkdifiHtqifhwGif tjcm;aom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;u
OD;aqmifEkdifNyD; oufqdkif&mEdkifiH\ ynma&;0efBuD;Xmeu wuf<upGm yg0ifonf/ 'ku©onfcdkvIHrI tajctaewGif
UNHCR u OD;aqmifrIay;onf/ ynma&;tpktzGJUonf vlom;csif;pmemrIqdkif&m ta&;ay:tajctaersm;udk
wHkYjyef&ef enf;ynmESifh BudKwifjyifqifrItydkif;wGif tm;jznfhxm;&ef wm0ef&Sdonf/ þenf;tm;jzifh vlom;csif;
pmemrIqkdif&m wkYHjyefrIumvtwGif; ynma&;u@twGuf acgif;aqmifrIESifh wm0ef,lrIwdkYudkk BudKwifod&SdapEdkifonf/
ta&;ay:umvynma&; (Education in emergencies)/ tusyftwnf;tajctaersm;twGif;&Sd uav;oli,f
jyKpkysdK;axmifa&;? rlvwef;? tv,fwef;? txufwef;ESifh ausmif;jyifyynma&;? pufrIvufrIESifh oufarG;ynm?
tqifhjrifhESifh oufBuD;ynma&;rsm; tygt0iff touft&G,f tm;vHk;twGuf t&nftaoG;&Sdoif,lrItcGifhtvrf;rsm;/
ta&;ay:umvynma&;u a&&SnfwnfwHhjyD; toufrsm;udk u,fwifEdkifaom ½kyfydkif;? vlrIpdwfydkif;ESifh odrIydkif;qdkif&m
umuG,fapmifha&SmufrIrsm;ay;onf/
ynma&;wkH Y jyefrI (Education response)/ ta&;ay:tajctaejzpfyGm;pOfrS jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;umv wpfavQmuf
jynfolrsm;\ vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifhynmoif,lcGifhudk jznfhqnf;ay;onfh ynma&;qdkif&m0efaqmifrIrsm;udk axmufyHUay;rI/
ta&;ay:tajctae (Emergency)/ vlUtzGJUtpnf;wpfck? &yf&Gma'owpfckwGif yHkrSeftjctae ,dk,Gif;ysufqD;
oGm;NyD;aemuf jyefvnfwnfNidrfvmatmif raqmif&GufEdkifao;aom tajctae/
118
ausmif;oifynma&; (Formal education)/ ausmif;rsm;? aumvdyfrsm;? wuúodkvfrsm;ESifh tjcm; ynma&;qdkif&m
tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\pepftwGif; ydkYcsay;aeaom oif,lrItcGifhtvrf;rsm;/ touf 5-7 ESpf t&G,fuav;rsm;rSpí 20-
25ESpft&G,fvli,frsm;txd tcsdefjynfhynma&;rsm; yg0ifavh&Sdonf/ ausmif;oifynma&;udk EdkifiHtvdkuf
ynma&;0efBuD;Xmersm;u zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufatmif yHkrSefaqmif&Gufwwfaomfvnf; ta&;ay:tajctaersm;wGifrl tjcm;
ynma&;qdkif&mtzGJUtpnf;rsm;u yHhydk;ulnDay;Ekdifonf/
usm;-ru@uJGjym;jcm;em;rI (Gender)/ trsKd;orD;ESifhtrsKd;om;rsm;\ tcef;u@rsm;? wm0efrsm;?
oGifjyifvu©Pmrsm;ESifh vlYtzGJUtpnf;wGif 4if;tcsufrsm;udk rnfuJhodkU wefzdk;xm;onfqdkonfh owfrSwfrI/
4if;tcsufrsm;onf rwlnDaom ,Ofaus;rI tpOftvmrsm;tay: rlwnfí oD;jcm;&yfwnfrI&SdNyD; tcsdefESifhtrQ
ajymif;vJaeonf/ usm;-ru@oGifjyifvu©Pmrsm;onf vlYtzGJUtpnf;uBudKwifarQmfvifhxm;onfh trsKd;om;ESifh
trsKd;orD;rsm;u rnfuJUodkU awG;ac:aqmif&Guf&rnfudk owfrSwfay;onf/ ,if;aqmif&GufrItjyKtrlrsm;udk rdom;pk?
ausmif;? bmoma&;oifMum;rIESifh rD'D,mrsm;rSwpfqifh oif,lrSwfom;Muonf/ trsKd;orD;ESifh trsKd;om;rsm;\u@?
wm0efrsm;ESifh oGifjyifvu©Pmrsm;udk vlUtzGJUtpnf;twGif;rS oif,l&&SdaomaMumifh ,if;wdkYudk ajymif;vJEdkifonf/
usm;-rtcsKd;nDrQrI (Gender balance)/ trsKd;om;ESifh trsKd;orD;? a,mufsm;av;ESifh rdef;uav;wdkYtMum;
ta&twGufrSm wlnDvkeD;yg;&Sdjcif;/ þtcsufonf yl;aygif;yg0ifaqmif&Gufjcif;? vkyfief;rsm;aqmif&Guf&mwGif
tMuHOmPf̂ tcsuftvufrsm;ay;jcif;? qHk;jzwfcsufcsrSwfjcif;wdkYwGif trsKd;om;ESifh trsKd;orD;rsm;\ pdwf0ifpm;rIrsm;udk
xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;jyD; umuG,fapmifha&SmufrIay;jcif;udk &nfnTef;Edkifonf/ xdkUtjyif ynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;?
EdkifiHwumESifh EdkifiHwGif;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;u tvkyfcefYtyfaom trsKd;om;ESifh trsKd;orD;ta&twGufudk &nfnTef;Edkifonf/
usm;-r tcsdK;nDrQa&;onf txl;ojzifh q&m^rrsm; tvkyfcefUxm;&mwGif ta&;BuD;onf/ tqifhtm;vHk;wGif usm;-r
tcsdK;nDrQrIonf rl0g'rsm;ESifhtpDtpOfrsm;\ trsKd;om;? trsKd;orD;? a,musfm;av;? rdef;uav;rsm;tay:
uGJjym;jcm;em;aom tusdK;oufa&mufrSKrsm;ESifhpyfvsOf;í aqG;aEG;jcif;? ajz&Sif;jcif;rsm; jyKvkyf&ef vrf;zGifhay;onf/
usm;-rvlrIb0udktajccHaomtMurf;zufrI (Gender-based violence)/ usm;-r u@uJGjym;jcm;em;rI tay:
tajccHonfh xdcdkufepfemapaom jyKrlrIrsm;/ rdef;uav;rsm;onf vlUtzGJUtpnf;wGif ae&may;jcif;rcH&aomaMumifh
tajctaetrsdK;rsdK;ü usm;-r vlrIb0udk tajccHaomtMurf;zufrIrsm;udk ydkrdkMuHKawGUwwfMuonf/ trsKd;om;rsm;ESifh
a,musfm;av;rsm;onfvnf; txl;ojzifh vdiftMurf;zufrIrsm;wGif om;aumifrsm;jzpfEkdifonf/ ,Ofaus;rI? wdkif;jynf
ESifha'orsm;tay:rlwnfNyD; usm;-r vlrIb0udktajccHaom tMurf;zufrI\ oabmobm0ESifh twdkif;tqrSm
uGJjym;onf/ Oyrm-
• vdiftMurf;zufjcif; (vdifrIqdkif&macgif;yHkjzwftjrwfxkwfrIESifhEdSyfpufnSif;yrf;rI? jynfhwefqmtjzpf twif;tMuyf
apckdif;jcif;? twif;tMuyf vufxyfapjcif;ESifh t&G,fra&mufao;rD vufxyfapjcif; ponfrsm;)
• tdrfwGif;ESifhrdom;pkwGif;tMurf;zufjcif; (½kyfydkif;? pdwfcHpm;rIydkif;ESifh pdwfydkif;qdkif&m EdSyfpufnSif;yrf;rSKrsm;
tygt0ifjzpfaom tdrfwGif;ESifhrdom;pkwGif; tMurf;zufjcif;rsm;)
• xdcdkufepfemapaom ,Ofaus;rI"avhxHk;wrf;qdkif&m tavhtxrsm; (trsKd;orD;vdift*Fgudkxdcdkufapjcif;?
rdom;pk*kPfudkxdef;odrf;&efowfjzwfjcif;? aoqHk;oGm;aom cifyGef;onf\ rdom;pk0if trsKd;om;rsm;u
rkqdk;rjzpfoltm; tarGqufcHjcif; ponf)
tEÅ&m,f (Hazard)/ vlwdkU\touf? tdk;tdrf yp önf;Opöm ysufqD;qHk;½HI;rI? xdcdkuf'Pf&m&rI? vlrIa&;ESifh
pD;yGm;a&;xdcdkufrI? obm0ywf0ef;usifysufpD;rIrsm; jzpfay:aponfhjzpf&yf? jzpfpOf odkYr[kwf vlom;wdkY\
jyKrlvkyfaqmifcsuf/ tEÅ&m,frsm;onf obm0aMumifh odkYr[kwf vlom;aMumifhpwif jzpfay:Edkifovdk ESpfck
pvHk;aygif;pnf;rIaMumifhvnf; jzpfEkdifonf/ tEÅ&m,faMumifh jzpfay:vmrnfh ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpffEdkifajconf jzpfyGm;onfh
tvm;tvm? ae&m? tBudrfESifh jyif;tm;wdkYtay: rlwnfonf/ Oyrm- tESpf 100 vQif wpfBudrfjzpfyGm;avh&Sdaom
oJuEÅm&a'o&Sd ivsifi,fonf vlwdkYtwGuf ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajctvGefenf;yg;onf/ 5ESpf odkUr[kwf 10ESpfvQif
wpfBudrf jzpfay:avh&SdjyD;? 48 em&DtwGif; a&tjrifh 3rDwmtxd wufvmaom NrdKUjy a&vTrf;rdk;rIonf
ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajc tawmfjrifhrm;ojzifh xdcdkufrIavsmhyg;a&;vkyfief;rsm; aqmif&Guf&ef vdktyfonf/
HIV wm;qD;umuG,fjcif;? ukojcif;? jyKpkapmifha&Smufjcif;ESifh yHhydk;ulnDjcif; (HIV prevention, treatment, care and support)/ / HIVa&m*gydk; ul;pufolOD;a& avQmhcs&effESifh a&m*gydk;ul;pufjyD;ol? a&m*gcHpm;ae&olrsm;tay: a&m*g
oufa&mufrIavsmhyg;ap&ef vdktyfaom trltusifh? Oya'? zJGUpnf;wnfaqmufrIESifh ZD0aq;ynmqdkif&m vkyfief;rsm;
119
aygif;pnf;aqmif&GufrI/ rnfodkYaomolrsm;onf a&m*gul;pufcH&Edkifajc tjrifhqHk;jzpfNyD; rnfodkYaomtjyKtrl
tavhtxrsm;onf a&m*gul;pufEdkifaponf ponfhtcsufwdkYudk aumif;pGm em;vnfoabmaygufrItay: tajccHí
þvkyfief;rsm;udk aqmif&Guf&efvdkonf/ ul;pufEdkifajctjrifhqHk; tjyKtrlrsm;wGif trsKd;om;csif;vdifqufqHrI?
rl;,pfaq;xdk;oGif;oHk;pGJrI? vdifudkpD;yGm;OpömESifhvJvS,frI? vdifqufqHbufrsm;rI? (tumtuG,frJYvdifqufqHrIjzpfEdkifajc
rsm;onfh) touft&G,fuGmjcm;vGef;aom vdifqufqHrIrsm; yg0ifonf/ vlrIpD;yGm;qdkif&m wGef;tm;ay;rIrsm;uvnf;
HIV umuG,fwm;qD;jcif;? ukojcif;? jyKpkapmifha&Smufjcif;ESifh yHhydk;ulnDjcif;tay: oufa&mufrI&Sdonf/
vlYtcGifhta&; (Human rights)/ b0udkodu©m&Sd&Sd&yfwnfapEdkifaomenf;vrf;/ vlYtcGifhta&;rsm;onf vlom;tm;vHk;ESifh
oufqdkifNyD; topftqef;r[kwfyg/ ay;tyfvTJajymif;ír&ovdk ,laqmifoGm;ívnf;r&ay/ ta&;ay:tajctaewGif
cGJjcm;qufqHrIrjyKa&;? umuG,fapmifha&Smufa&;ESifh b0&SifoefcGifh&a&;paom t"duvlYtcGifhta&;rsm;udk OD;pm;ay;
csufcsif;aqmif&Guf&NyD;? tjcm;tcGifhta&;rsm;udkrl &Edkifaom&if;jrpfrsm;tay: rlwnfNyD; jznf;jznf;csif; aqmif&GufEdkifonf/
ynma&;onf umuG,fapmifha&Smufjcif;? cGJjcm;qufqHrIrjyKjcif;ESifh qufvuf&SifoefEdkifjcif;wdkYtwGuf ta&;ygaomaMumifh
ynma&;udk t"duusaom vlYtcGifhta&;[k ½Ijrif&rnf jzpfonf/ tjynfjynfqdkif&mvlYtcGifhta&;Oya'onf
ta&;ay:tajctaersm; tygt0if tcsdefwdkif;ü vlYtcGifhta&;udk av;pm;&ef? umuG,f&efESifh jznfhqnf;ay;&ef[laom
EdkifiHhwm0efrsm;udk azmfjyonfh pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;ESifh tjynfjynfqdkif&m Oya'a&;&mpmcsKyfpmwrf;rsm;udk pkpnf;xm;jcif;
jzpfonf/ y#dyu©umvtwGif;wGif tjynfjynfqdkif&m vlom;csif;pmemrIESifh jypfrIqdkif&mOya'udkvnf; toHk;jyKonf/
þpmcsKyfpmwrf;rsm;ESifh pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;onf &efvdkrIrsm;udkxdef;ay;onf? t&yfom;rsm;udk umuG,fapmifha&Smuf
ay;onf? EdkifiH\udk,fpm; pdefac:rIrsm;udk &ifqdkifajz&Sif;olrsm;? tpm;0ifaqmif&Gufay;olrsm; odkYr[kwf udk,fwdkif
aqmif&Gufaeolrsm;tm; wm0efrsm;csrSwfay;onf/ 'ku©onfrsm;qdkif&mOya'onf n§if;yef;ESdyfpufrIrsm; odkYr[kwf
vufeufudkify#dyu©rsm;udk aMumuf&GHUrIaMumifh EkdifiHe,fedrdwfrsm;udk jzwfoef;í a&TU ajymif;ae&mcscH&olrsm;twGuf
tpdk;&\ wm0efrsm;udk azmfjyonf/
vlwdkif;tusHK;0ifynma&; (Inclusive education)/ vlwdkif;tusHK;0ifynma&;onf vlwpfOD;csif;pDtm;
oif,lrItcGifhtvrf;rsm;udk &&SdapjyD;? yl;aygif;yg0ifcGifhay;í oif,lwwfajrmufaponf/ xdkYtjyif ynma&;rl0g'rsm;?
vufawGUusifhoHk;rIrsm;ESifh taxmuftulypönf;rsm;onf qufpyftajctaewGif vlwpfOD;csif;pD\ uJGjym;jcm;em;rIrsm;ESifh
udkufnDpGm aqmif&Gufay;Edkif&rnfjzpfonf/ ynma&;wGif yg0ifcGifhr&jcif;onf cGJjcm;qufqHjcif;? bmompum;qdkif&m
t[efYtwm;rsm;udk rz,f&Sm;Edkifjcif; odkYr[kwf ,if;t[efYtwm;rsm; z,f&Sm;&eftwGuf yHhydk;ulnDrIray;jcif;?
oifcef;pmESifh oifMum;enf;rsm;onf oif,lolrsm;twGuf tusdK;rrsm;jcif; ponfwdkYrS jzpfay:vmonf/
udk,ft*FgcsdKU,Gif;ol? tjrif? tMum;? tajymponfh tm½Hk cHpm;rIydkif;csdKU,Gif;ol? pdwfydkif;ESifh todÓPfydkif;qdkif&m csdKUwJhol
ponfh roefpGrf;olrsm;onf rsm;aomtm;jzifh ynma&;wGif yg0ifcGifhr&Muay/ ta&;ay:tajctaersm;onf
ynma&;wGifyg0ifcGifhr&jcif;udk jzpfay:aponf/ ,cifu ynma&;tcGifhtvrf;rsm;udk &&SdcJholrsm;teuf tcsKdUrSm
tajctaet& aomfvnf;aumif; vlrIa&;t&aomfvnf;aumif;? ,Ofaus;rIt&aomfvnf;aumif;? ½kyfydkif; odkYr[kwf
tajccHtaqmufttHkydkif;t&aomfvnf;aumif; ynma&;wGiffyg0ifcGifhr&Muawmhay/ vlwdkif;tusHK;0ifynma&;
qdkonfrSm yl;aygif;yg0ifjcif;ESifh ynmoif,ljcif;twGuf þt[efYtwm;rsm;udk z,f&Sm;ay;NyD; oifjyenf;rsm;ESifh
oif½dk;nTef;wrf;rsm;onf roefpGrf;uav;rsm;ESifh qDavsmfrSK&Sdum vufvSrf;rDapjcif;jzpfonf/ vlwdkif;tm; BudKqdkNyD;
wpfOD;csif;pD\ wdk;wufrItwGuf ulnDyHhydk;ay;NyD; wpfOD;csif;pD\ vdktyfcsufrsm;udkvnf; jznfhqnf;ay;onf/
owif;tcsuftvufpDrHcefYcG J jcif; (Information management)/ owif;tcsuftvufpDrHcefYcGJjcif;wGif
vdktyfcsufqef;ppfjcif;? pGrf;aqmif&nf? vTrf;NcHKEdkifrItwdkif;twm? ppfaq;MuD;Muyfjcif;ESifh tuJjzwfoHk;oyfjcif;?
tcsuftvufrsm;udk pkaqmif;odkrSD;jcif;? pdppfydkif;jcm;jcif;ESifh owif;tcsuftvufrQa0ay;jcif;pepfrsm; yg0ifonf/
owif;tcsuftvufpDrHcefYcGJrI enf;vrf;rsm;ESifh pepfrsm;onf yg0ifywfoufolrsm;u rnfonfhtcsuftvufESifh
udef;*Pef;rsm;udk rnfolESifh rnfonfhtcsdefwGif rnfonfh&nf&G,fcsuftwGuf rnfodkYaumuf,lpkaqmif;rnf?
vkyfief;pOfaqmif&Gufrnf? rQa0ay;rnf ponfwdkYudk qHk;jzwf&mwGif taxmuftuljzpfaponf/
oifMum;-oif,lrIjzpfpOfrsm; (Instruction and learning processes)/ oif,lolrsm;ESifh oifMum;olrsm;tMum;
tjyeftvSefwHkYjyefqufoG,frI/ oifMum;ydkYcsjcif;udk ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;rS pdppfazmfxkwf &&Sdaom
vdktyfcsufrsm;tay: tajccHum oif½dk;nTef;wrf;rsm;t& q&m^rrsm;tm; oifwef;ay; avhusifhjcif;jzifh
pDpOfaqmif&Gufonf/ oif,lolA[dkjyKjyD; vlwdkif;yl;aygif;yg0ifaqmif&Gufaom oifMum;-oif,lrIjzpfpOfrsm;onf
&yf&Gmvlxkudk ynma&;yHhydk;ulnDrIrsm;wGif ydkrdkus,fjyefUpGm yg0ifaqmif&Gufaponf/
120
vlom;csif;pmemrIqdkif&mtzJG Ytpnf;rsm;tNrJwrf;aumfrwD (IASC)/ vlom;csif;pmemaomtultnDay;rIrsm;ESifh
pyfvsOf;í n§dEIdif;aqmif&Gufjcif;? rl0g'a&;qJGjcif;ESifh qHk;jzwfcsufcsjcif;wdkYtwGuf vlom;csif;pmemrIqdkif&m
tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ aqG;aEG;&mae&m/ vlom;csif;pmemrIqdkif&mtultnDrsm;udk tm;jznfhay;a&;ESifhywfoufí ukvor*¾
taxGaxGnDvmcH tpnf;ta0;qHk;jzwfcsufESifhtnD IASC udk 1992 ckESpf? ZGefvwGif zGJUpnf;wnfaxmifcJhonf/ IASCwGif
ukvor*¾\vlom;csif;pmemrIqdkif&m t"dutzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh ukvor*¾r[kwfaom rdwfzuftzGJUtpnf;rsm; yg0ifonf/
jynfwGif; a&TUajymif;ae&mcsxm;jcif;cH&ol (Internally displaced person- IDP)/ EdkifiHe,fedrdwfudk jzwfausmfjcif;xuf
rdrdEdkifiHwGif;üyif rl&if;aexdkif&mae&mrS ab;uif;vHkNcHK&mae&modkU xGufcGmoGm;&ef zdtm;ay;cH&ol/ IDP rsm;onf
vufeufudkift"du½kPf;? obm0ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;? tMurf;zufrIrsm;? vlYtcGifhta&;csKd;azmufrIrsm;uJhodkYaom
taMumif;&if;rsm;aMumifh 'ku©onfrsm;tjzpf xGufajy;Mu&wwfonf/ odkYaomf 4if;wdkUxGufajy;&onfhtaMumif;&if;onf
olwdkY\tpdk;&aMumifh jzpfaevsifaomfrS Oya't& xdktpdk;&\ umuG,fapmifha&SmufrIatmufwGif qufvufwnf&Sdonf/
EkdifiHom;rsm;taejzifh vlYtcGifhta&;Oya'ESifh EkdifiHwumvlom;csif;pmemrIOya' ESpfckpvHk;t& umuG,fapmifha&SmufrI
&&Sdjcif; tygt0if 4if;wdkY\&ydkifcGifhrsm;udk qufvufxdef;xm;Ekdifonf/
oif,lolrsm; (Learners)/ uav;rsm;? vli,frsm;ESifh vlBuD;rsm; tygt0ifjzpfaom ynma&;tpDtpOfrsm;wGif
yl;aygif;yg0ifolrsm;/ ,if;wGif ausmif;oifynma&;pepf usifhoHk;aom ausmif;rsm;&Sd oif,lolrsm;? pufrIvufrIESifh
oufarG;ynmoifwef;om;rsm;tjyif ta&;tzwfESifh twGuftcsufoifMum;jcif;? &yf&GmvlxkwGif;
b0wGufwmuRrf;usifp&m oifwef;rsm;ESifh touft&G,fwlcsif; tkyfpkwlcsif;oif,ljcif;rsm; uJhodkYaom ausmif;jyify
ynma&;tpDtpOfwGif yl;aygif;yg0ifolrsm; yg0ifonf/
oif,lrI&v'frsm; (Learning outcomes)/ oifwef; odkYr[kwf ynma&;tpDtpOfwpfckwGif yg0ifaqmif&Gufjcif;\
tusKd;&v'ftjzpf oif,lolrsm;&&Sdvmaom A[kokwrsm;? oabmxm;rsm;? uRrf;usifrIrsm;ESifh pGrf;aqmifEdkifrIrsm;/
oifMum;ydkYcsjcif;ESifh oif,ljcif;vkyfief;pOfrsm;\ tusKd;&v'ftjzpf oif,lolrsm; ]odoifhaomt&mrsm;ESifh
aqmif&GufEdkifoifhaomt&mrsm;} udk azmfjyonf/
oif,lrIwnfae&mrsm; (Learning sites)/ oif,l&mae&mrsm;\ wnf&Sd&mae&m/
oif,l&mae&mrsm; (Learning Spaces)/ oifMum;-oif,ljcif;aqmif&Gufaomae&mrsm;? Oyrm- udk,fydkiftdrfrsm;?
uav;jyKpkapmifha&Smufa&;Xmersm;? rlBudKausmif;rsm;? ,m,Dausmif;taqmuftOD;rsm;ESifh ausmif;rsm; yg0ifonf/
b0wGufwmuRrf;usifp&mrsm; (Life Skills)/ vlwpfOD;pDu aeYpOfb0vdktyfcsufrsm;ESifh pdefac:rIrsm;udk usifhom;&jyD;
xda&mufpGm ajz&Sif;apEdkifrnfh tjyKoabmaqmifaom tjyKtrlrsm;twGuf uRrf;usifrIrsm;ESifh pGrf;&nfrsm;/
b0wGufwmuRrf;usifp&mrsm;u vltrsm;tm; wpfOD;csif;taejzifhvnf;aumif;? vlrI0ef;usifwGif tzGJU0iftjzpf
yl;aygif;aqmif&Guf&müvnf;aumif; pOf;pm;wwf&ef? cHpm;wwf&ef? jyKrlwwf&efESifh tcsif;csif;tjyeftvSef
qufoG,faqmif&Gufwwf&ef taxmuftuljzpfaponf/ b0wGufwmuRrf;usifp&mrsm;udk odrI? yk*¾dKvfa&; odkYr[kwf
pdwfcHpm;rI? tcsif;csif;tjyeftvSefqufqHrI odkYr[kwf vlrIa&; [lí tjyeftvSefqufpyfaeaom tkyfpkoHk;pk cGJEdkifonf/
b0wGufwmuRrf;usifp&mrsm;onf a,bk,sqefEdkifonf/ Oyrm- pdppfydkif;jcm;jcif;? owif;tcsuftvufrsm;udk toHk;jyKjcif;?
tjcm;olrsm;ESifh qufoG,fjcif;ESifh xda&mufpGm tjyeftvSef qufoG,faqmif&Guffjcif; ponfhtaMumif;t&mrsm;
yg0ifaomaMumifhjzpfonf/ b0wGufwmuRrf;usifp&mrsm;onf oD;oefYtaMumif;t&mrsm;vnf;jzpfEkdifonf/ Oyrm-
ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajcavsmhcsjcif;? obm0ywf0ef;usif xdef;odrf;jcif;? usef;rma&;jr§ifhwifjcif;? HIV wm;qD;umuG,fjcif;?
tMurf;zufrIwm;qD;jcif;ESifh Nidrf;csrf;a&; wnfaqmufjcif;wdkUjzpfonf/ b0wGufwmuRrf;usifp&mqdkif&m vdktyfcsufrsm;onf
tusyftwnf;umvwGif ydkrdkrsm;jym;wwfonf/ odkYjzpfí ta&;ay:tajctae? &yf&Gma'otaetxm;ESifh qDavsmfaom
b0wGufwmuRrf;usifp&mpGrf;&nfrsm; jr§ifhwifrIudk ydkrdktav;xm; aqmif&Gufay;&efvdktyfonf/
toufarG;rI (Livelihood)/ toufarG;0rf;ausmif;rItwGuf vdktyfaompGrf;&nfrsm;? t&if;tESD;ydkifqdkifrIrsm;?
tcGifhtvrf;rsm;ESifh vIyf&Sm;aqmif&GufrIrsm;/ t&if;tESD;ydkifqdkifrIrsm;qdk&mü aiGaMu;? obm0&if;jrpf? ½kyf0w¦K?
vlrIa&;ESifh vlom;&if;jrpfydkif;qdkif&m ydkifqdkifrIrsm;tm;vHk;yg0ifonf/ Oyrm- pwdk;qdkifrsm;? ajrae&m?
aps;odkYa&muf&SdEdkifrI odkYr[kwf o,f,lydkYaqmifa&;pepfrsm; jzpfonf/ zdpD;rIrsm;ESifh wkefvIyfajcmufjcm;rIrsm;udk
ajz&Sif;EdkifNyD; jyefvnfxlaxmifvmEdkifaomtcg? toufarG;rIqdkif&mpGrf;&nfESifh t&if;tESD;ydkifqdkifrIrsm;udk
xdef;xm;Edkifaomtcg odkUr[kwf jr§ifhwifEdkifaomtcgESifh rsKd;qufopfrsm;tm; a&&SnfwnfwHhrnfh toufarG;rI
tcGifhtvrf;rsm; ay;Edkifaomtcgrsm;wGif a&&SnfwnfwHhaomtoufarG;rIudk jzpfay:aponf/
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ausmif;jyifyynma&; (Non-formal education)/ ausmif;oifynma&; t"dyÜm,fowfrSwfcsufESifh rudkufnDaom
ynma&;vkyfief;rsm; (txufwGif azmfjyxm;onfh ausmif;oifynma&; t"dyÜg,fzGifhqdkcsufudk Munfhyg)/ ausmif;jyify
ynma&;onf ynma&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;twGif;ESifh tjyifwGif jzpfEkdifNyD; touft&G,ftm;vHk;twGuf jznfhqnf;ay;onf/
ausmif;jyifyynma&; tpDtpOfwdkif;rS todtrSwfjyKvufrSwfudk tNrJwef;&&Sdrnfr[kwfyg/ ausmif;jyifyynma&;
tpDtpOfrsm;\ oGifjyifvu©Pmrsm;rSm yHkpHtrsKd;rsKd;&SdrI? (vdktyfygu) jyKjyifajymif;vJEdkifrI? uav;rsm;ESifh vlBuD;rsm;\
ynma&;vdktyfcsuftopfrsm;udk vsifjrefpGmjznfhqnf;ay;EdkifrIwdkYjzpfonf/ twef;ESifhrrQbJ toufBuD;vGef;olrsm;?
ausmif;oifynma&; rwufa&mufolrsm;ESifh oufBuD;rsm;uJhodkYaom oD;oefYoif,lol tkyfpkrsm;twGuf
pDpOfaqmif&Gufay;avh&Sdonf/ ausmif;jyifyynma&;\ oif½dk;nTef;wrf;rsm;onf ausmif;oifynma&;\
oif½dk;nTef;wrf;rsm; odkYr[kwf csOf;uyfenf;opfrsm;tay: tajccHEdkifonf/ Oyrm- t&Sdefjr§ifhwifoif,ljcif;?
ausmif;csdeftNyD; oifMum;-oif,lrItpDtpOfESifh ta&;tzwf? twGuftcsufoifwef; ydkYcsjcif;rsm;yg0ifonf/
ausmif;jyifyynma&;onf aemufusjyD;rS ausmif;oifynma&;tpDtpOfrsm;odkY 0ifa&muf oif,lcGifh &Edkifaponf/
xdkUaMumifh ausmif;jyifyynma&;udk ]'kwd,tcGifhta&;ay;onfhynma&;} [kvnf; wpfcgw&Hac:qdkonf/
yl;aygif;yg0ifrI (Participation)/ vkyfief;pOfrsm;? qHk;jzwfcsufrsm;ESifh vkyfief;rsm;wGif yg0ifaqmif&Gufjcif;ESifh
MoZmoufa&mufrI&Sdjcif;/ yl;aygif;yg0ifjcif;onf vlwdkif;twGuf tcGifhta&;jzpfNyD; &yf&GmvlxkESifhtwl
vkyfief;rsm;aqmif&Gufjcif;ESifh zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrItpDtpOfrsm;twGuf tajccHvnf;jzpfonf/ pGrf;aqmif&nfay:rlwnfí
yl;aygif;yg0ifjcif;onfajymif;vJonf/ vlBuD;? uav;? vli,f? roefpGrf;olESifh xdcdkufcH&vG,foltkyfpkrsm;onf
ti,fqHk; touft&G,fuyifpNyD; enf;trsKd;rsKd;jzifh yl;aygif;yg0ifEdkifonf/ ¤if;wdkYxHodkY a&muf&Sd&efcufcJjcif; odkYr[kwf
¤if;wdkYESifhtwl tvkyfvkyfudkif&ef cufcJonfhtwGufaMumifh[laom taMumif;jycsufjzifh rnfonfhtkyfpkudkrQ
yl;aygif;yg0ifcGifh rwm;qD;oifhyg/ yl;aygif;yg0ifjcif;udk rdrdoabmqE´tavsmuf a&G;cs,fcGifh&Sdonf/ yl;aygif;yg0if&ef
twif;t"r® wGef;tm;ay;jcif; odkYr[kwf tusyfudkifpnf;½kH;jcif;rjyKvkyfyJ vltrsm;tm; zdwfac:jcif;ESifh
wdkufwGef;tm;ay;jcif;rsKd; jzpfoifhonf/ yl;aygif;yg0ifjcif;wGif vkyfaqmifrIyHkpHtrsKd;rsKd;ESifh csOf;uyfenf;trsKd;rsKd;
yg0ifEdkifonf/ wuf<urIr&Sdaomyg0ifjcif;qdkonfrSm 0efaqmifrIvkyfief;rsm;udkk oHk;pGJjcif;? ½kyf0w¬Kypönf;&if;jrpfrsm;
yHhydk;ulnDjcif;? tjcm;olqHk;jzwfonfudk vufcHjcif;ESifh tBuHjyKaqG;aEG;rI tvGefenf;yg;jcif; ponfwdkYjzpfonf/
wuf<uaomyl;aygif;yg0ifrIwGif tcsdefay;aqmif&Gufjcif;? ynma&;vkyfief;rsm;twGuf qHk;jzwfcsufcsjcif;?
tpDtpOffa&;qGJjcif;ESifh taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gufjcif;wdkYwGif wdkuf½dkufyg0ifjcif;wdkY yg0ifonf/
yl;aygif;yg0ifaomoif,lrI (Participatory Learning)/ oif,loltay: tav;xm;aom oifMum;-
oif,ljcif;enf;vrf;/ þenf;vrf;u vkyfief;rsm;aqmif&Gufjcif;? tkyfpki,frsm;zGJUí oifMum;jcif;? oifaxmufulrsm;udk
toHk;jyKjcif;? ar;jref;cGifhay;jcif;ESifh touf&G,fwlcsif;^tkyfpkwlcsif;oifay;jcif;wdkYjzifh oif,lrIudk tm;jznfhay;onf/
Oyrm- oif,lolrsm;onf ocsFmoabmw&m;rsm;udk em;vnf&ef vufawGUaqmif&GufrIrsm; jyKvkyfjcif;? ykpämrsm;
twlwGJíwGufjcif;? ar;cGef;rsm;ar;jcif;ESifh ajzMum;jcif;wdkY yg0ifonf/ yl;aygif;yg0ifaom oif,lrIonf oif,lolrsm;u
cHkrsm;wGifxdkifí tajzowfrSwfxm;aom ar;cGef;rsm;udkajzjcif;? oifykef;wGif a&;xm;orQudk ul;,laom q&mA[kdjyK
oifMum;enf;pepfrsm;ESifh qefYusifbufjzpfonf/ q&m^rrsm;? ynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;onfvnf;
ylaygif;yg0ifaomoif,lrIudk ¤if;wdkY\ vdktyfcsufrsm;udk pdppfydkif;jcm;jcif;? ajz&Sif;&efenf;vrf;rsm; azmfxkwf
owfrSwfjcif;? vkyfief;tpDtpOfa&;qJG taumiftxnfazmf aqmif&Gufjcif;wdkYwGif oHk;Edkifonf/
þodkUaqmif&Guf&mwGif &yf&Gmvlxkyl;aygif;yg0ifrI? n§dEIdif;aqmif&GufrIESifh pdppfydkif;jcm;rIrsm;yg0ifEdkifonf/
BudKwifjyifqifjcif; (Preparedness)/ jzpfEkdifajc&Sdaom? jzpftHhqJqJ odkYr[kwf vuf&Sdjzpfaeaom
tEÅ&m,fjzpf&yfrsm;ESifh taetxm;rsm;\ oufa&mufrIudk xda&mufpGm BudKwifcefYrSef;a&;? wkHYjyefaqmif&Gufa&;?
jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;wdkUtwGuf tpdk;&tzGJUtpnf;rsm;? uRrf;usifynm&Sifrsm;? jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;tzGJUtpnf;rsm;?
&yf&Gmvlxkrsm;ESifh vlyk*¾dKvfwpfOD;csif;pDwdkY\ avhvmoif,lxm;aom A[kokwESifh pGrf;aqmif&nfrsm;/
wm;qD;umuG,fjcif; (Prevention)/ tEÅ&m,frsm;ESifh 4if;wdkYESifhqufEG,faeaom ab;tEÅ&m,frsm;\ qdk;usKd;
oufa&mufrIrsm;udk a&Smif&Sm;&ef aqmif&Gufonfhvkyfief;rsm; (oD;jcm;t"dyÜg,fzGifhqdkcsufrsm;udk Munfhyg)/
umuG,fapmifha&Smufjcif; (Protection)/ tEdkifusifhapmfum;rI? acgif;yHkjzwftjrwfxkwfrI? tMurf;zufrIESifh
vspfvsL½IcH&rIrsm;tm;vHk;rS vGwfajrmuf&ef aqmif&Gufonfhvkyfief;rsm;/
vlrIpdwfydkif;qdkif&myHhydk;ulnDrI (Psychosocial support)/ vlrItzGJUtpnf;twGif; vltrsm;\udk,fpdwfESpfyg;
csrf;omjcif;udk tvHk;pHkwdk;jr§ifhay;onfh vkyfief;pOfrsm;ESifh vkyfaqmifrIrsm;/ ,if;wGif rdom;pkESifh rdwfaqGrsm;\ yHhydk;ulnD
122
ay;rIyg0ifonf/ Oyrm- rdom;pkESifh&yf&Gmvlxk\yHhydk;ulnDrIwGif rdom;pkESifhuGJuGmaeaom uav;rsm;tm; jyefvnf
aygif;pnf;cGifh&&Sdap&ef? ta&;ay:tajctaewGif ynmoifMum;cGifh&&Sdap&ef tm;xkwfaqmif&Gufay;jcif;wdkUyg0ifonf/
t&nftaoG;&Sdynma&; (Quality education)/ t&nftaoG;&Sdynma&;onf vlwdkif;wwfEdkifaom? vufvSrf;rDaom?
usm;-rcGJjcm;rI r&Sdaom? (vlrsKd;^bmomponf) uGJjym;jcm;em;olrsm;udkvnf; avsmfuefrQwpGm aqmif&Gufay;aom ynma&;
jzpfonf/ t&nftaoG;&Sdynma&;wGif (1) ab;uif;vHkNcHKí vlwdkif;tusKH;0ifaom oif,lolaysmfonfh ywf0ef;usif? (2)
bmom&yftaMumif;t&mESifh oifjyenf;ynmrsm;udkuRrf;usifonfh aumif;pGmavhusifhay;xm;aom q&m^rrsm;? (3)
oif,lolrsm;\ ,Ofaus;rI? bmompum;? vlrIqufqHa&;ESifh qDavsmfqufpyfrI&Sdonfh oif½dk;nTef;wrf;? (4) oifhavsmfjyD;
vHkavmufrI&Sdaom oifMum;-oif,lrIypönf;rsm;? (5) oif,lolrsm;udk tav;xm;onfhyl;aygif;yg0ifaom oifMum;-
oif,lrIjzpfpOf? (6) oifhawmfaom pmoifcef;t&G,ftpm;ESifh q&m-ausmif;om;tcsKd;? (7) ta&;tzwf? twGuftcsufESifh
b0wGufwmuRrf;usifp&mrsm;uJhodkYaom e,fy,frsm;tjyif tyef;ajzjcif;? oifhawmfaom upm;enf;rsm; upm;jcif;?
tm;upm;jyKvkyfjcif;ESifh wDxGifBuHqonfhaqmif&GufrIrsm;udk tav;ay;jcif;ponfwdkY yg0ifonf/
jyefvnfxlaxmifjcif; (Recovery)/ ab;tEÅ&m,favsmhcsa&;BudK;yrf;tm;xkwfrIrsm; tygt0if ab;'Pfoifh
&yf&Gmvlxk\ &ydkifcGifhcHpm;cGifhrsm;? toufarG;0rf;ausmif;rIrsm;? b0aexdkifrItajctae odkYr[kwf vlrIpdwfydkif;qdkif&m
udk,fpdwfESpfyg;csrf;omrIrsm;udk jyefvnf&&Sdatmif aqmif&Gufjcif;ESifh ydkrdkaumif;rGefatmifaqmif&Gufjcif;/
'ku©onf (Refugee)/ 1951ckESpf 'ku©onfrsm;qdkif&mnDvmcHoabmwlnDcsufrsm;t& 'ku©onfqdkonfrSm vlrsKd;a&;?
bmoma&;? EdkifiHom;jzpfrI? oD;oefYvlrIa&;tzGJUtpnf;wpfck\ tzGJU0ifjzpfrI odkYr[kwf EdkifiHa&;tjrifuGJjym;rI
taMumif;rsm;aMumifh n§if;yef;ESdyfpufcH&jcif;udk aMumuf&GHUaomaMumifh ol̂ olr\ EdkifiHom;jzpf&m EdkifiH\jyifywGif
a&muf&SdaeNyD; tqdkyg taMumufw&m;aMumifh xdkEdkifiH\ umuG,fapmifha&SmufrIudk r&Edkifol? &,lvdkpdwf r&Sdol/
qDavsmfaomynma&; (Relevant education)/ oif,lolrsm;twGuf oifhavsmfaom oif,lrItcGifhtvrf;rsm;/
qDavsmfaomfynma&;onf &yf&Gma'o\ "avhxHk;pHESifh tzJGUtpnf;rsm;? tjyKoabmaqmifaom
,Ofaus;rItavhtxrsm;? ,HkMunfudk;uG,frIESifh &yf&Gmvlxk\ vdktyfcsufrsm;udk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;onf/ xdkUtjyif
vlUtzJGUtpnf;twGif; EkdifiHESifhEdkifiHwum qufpyftajctaewGif uav;rsm;twGuf aumif;rGefaom tem*wfudk
jyifqifay;onf/ qDavsmfaomynma&;onf t&nftaoG;&Sdynma&;twGuf tajccHtcsufwpf&yfjzpfNyD; rnfonfudk
oif,lonf? rnfodkYoif,lonfESifh oif,lrIrnfrQ xda&mufonfqdkonfwdkYudk &nfnTef;onf/
cHEd kif&nf½SdrI (Resilience)/ tEÅ&m,fBuHKawGU&rIudk tvdkufoifhjyKjyifajymif;vJEdkifaom pepf odkYr[kwf
&yf&GmtzGJUtpnf; odkYr[kwf vlwpfOD;csif;pD\ pGrf;aqmif&nf/ tvdkufoifhjyKKjyifajymif;vJjcif;[lonf
vkyfief;vnfywfrIESifh zGJUpnf;wnfaqmufyHkrsm;tm; auseyfzG,f&mtqifhwpfckodkY a&muf&Sdatmif aqmif&Gufí
xdktqifhudk xdef;xm;Edkif&ef MuHUMuHUcHjcif; odkUr[kwf ajymif;vJjcif;udk qdkvdkonf/ cHEdkif&nf&SdrIonf tcuftcJrsm;udk
ajz&Sif;Edkkifonfh ,EÅ&m;rsm;toHk;jyKrIESifh b0wGufwmuRrf;usifp&mrsm;jzpfonfh jyóemajz&Sif;EdkifrI? yHhydk;ulnDrIrsm;udk
&SmazGEdkifrI? MudK;pm;vdkpdwf? taumif;jrif0g'? ,HkMunfcsuf? ZGJvHkYv&SdrIESifh &if;jrpf<u,f0rIwdkYtay: rlwnfonf/
udk,fpdwfESpfyg;csrf;omrIudk taxmuftuljyKonfh tcsufrsm;u ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfapaomtcsufrsm;xuf
tm;omaomtcg cHEdkif&nf&SdrI jzpfay:onf/
ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfEd kifajc (Risk)/ jyifytajctaersm;aMumifhjzpfay:vmaom obm0tEÅ&m,frsm;? HIV ul;pufysHUESHYrI?
usm;-rvlrIb0tay: tajccHaom tMurf;zufrI? vufeufudkifwdkufcdkufrI? t"r®aoG;aqmifrIponfh
taMumif;t&mrsm;ESifh vlwpfOD;csif;pDESifhqdkifaom xdcdkufcH&vG,frIrsm;jzpfonfh qif;&JrI? pdwf odkYr[kwf
½kyfydkif;roefpGrf;csKdUUwJhrI? odkYr[kwf xdcdkufcH&vG,fonfhtkyfpk0ifjzpfrIwdkYESifh aygif;pyfqufEG,fí jzpfay:vmaom &v'f/
ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfEd kifajcqef;ppfjcif; (Risk assessment)/ jzpfvmEdkifajc&Sdaom tEÅ&m,frsm;udk pdppfydkif;jcm;
jcif;jzifhvnf;aumif;? vl? ydkifqdkifypönf;? toufarG;0rf;ausmif;rIrsm;ESifh xdkt&mrsm; wnf&Sd&m obm0ywf0ef;usifudk
tEÅ&m,fjzpfvmapEdkifonfh odkYr[kwf Ncdrf;ajcmufvmEdkifapaom vuf&Sd xdcdkufvG,frI taetxm;rsm;udk
tuJjzwfoHk;oyfjcif;jzifhvnf;aumif;? ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajc\obm0ESifh twdkif;twmudk qHk;jzwfonfh enf;ynm/
ab;uif;vHkNcHKrI (Safety)/ ½kyfydkif;ESifh vlrIpdwfydkif;qdkif&m xdcdkufepfemrIrsm;rS uif;a0;jcif;/
123
vHkjcHKrI (Security)/ Ncdrf;ajcmufrI? tEÅ&m,f? 'Pf&mtemw&jzpfrI odkUr[kwf ysufpD;qHk;½IH;rIrsm;rS
umuG,fapmifha&Smufjcif;/
yg0ifywfoufol (Stakeholder)/ pDrHcsuf odkYr[kwf tpDtpOfwpf&yfü pdwfyg0ifpm;ol vlyk*¾dKvf? vltkyfpk odkYr[kwf
tzGJUtpnf;/
xdcdkufcH&vG,frI (Vulnerability)/ vlwpfOD;csif;pD odkYr[kwf tkyfpkrsm;\ wdkufcdkufcH&rI? xdcdkufepfemrI?
pdwfxdcdkufemusifrIwdkYudk jzpfapEdkifaom vu©Pmrsm;ESifh tajctaersm;/ Oyrm- xdcdkufcH&vG,faom tkyfpkrsm;wGif
txD;usefuav;rsm;? roefpGrf;olrsm;? rdbrpHkonfh tdrfaxmifpkrsm;ESifh vufeufudkifwyfzGJUrsm;?
vufeufudkiftkyfpkrsm;ESifh ,cifu ywfoufqufpyfcJhzl;aom uav;rsm;yg0ifonf/
csrf;omokc&&Sdjcif;^udk,fpdwfESpfyg;csrf;omrI (Well-being)/ NyD;jynfhpHkaom usef;rma&;tajctaeESifh
,if;tajctaeodkU a&muf&Sdaprnfh vkyfief;pOf/ udk,fpdwfESpfyg;csrf;omrIonf ½kyfydkif;? pdwfcHpm;rIydkif;? vlrIa&;ydkif;ESifh
odrIqdkif&m usef;rma&;ESifhjynfhpHkonfh tajctaeudk &nfnTef;onf/ udk,fpdwfESpfyg;csrf;omjcif;wGif vlwpfOD;twGuf
aumif;aom taMumif;t&mrsm;jzpfonfh t"dyÜm,f&Sdaom vlrIa&;u@wGif yl;aygif;yg0ifjcif;? aysmf&TifrIESifh
arQmfvifhcsuf&SdrIwdkYudk cHpm;Edkifjcif;? &yf&Gma'o\ wefzdk;xm;csufrsm;ESifhtnD aexdkifjcif;? tjyKoabmaqmifaom
vlrIqufqHa&;rsm;ESifh yHhydk;ulnDwwfaom ywf0ef;usif&Sdjcif;? tjyKoabmaqmifaom b0wGufwm
uRrf;usifp&mrsm;udkoHk;í pdefac:rIrsm;udk &ifqdkifajz&Sif;jcif;? ab;uif;jcif;? umuG,fapmifha&SmufrI&Sdjcif;ESifh
t&nftaoG;&Sdaom 0efaqmifrIrsm;&&Sdjcif;wdkY yg0ifonf (odrIqdkif&m (cognitive) t"dyÜg,fzGifhqdkcsufudkvnf;Munfhyg)/
vli,frsm;ESif h ysdKazmf0ift&G,frsm; (Youth and adolescents)/ vli,frsm;onf touf 15 rS 24 ESpf
twGif;jzpfNyD; ysdKazmf0ift&G,frsm;rSm 10 ESpfrS 19 ESpftwGif; jzpfonf/ xdktkyfpkESpfckaygif;í 10 ESpfrS 24 ESpftwGif;
tkyfpkonf i,f&G,faomolrsm;tMum; tBuD;rm;qHk;tkyfpkjzpfonf/ ysdKazmf0ift&G,f NyD;qHk;jcif;ESifh vlBuD;b0
pwifjcif;wdkYonf uGmjcm;onf/ EdkifiH odkYr[kwf ,Ofaus;rItvdkuf vlrItzGJUtpnf;u tcsKdUaom vkyfief;&yfrsm;udk
wm0ef,laqmif&GufEdkifatmif &ifhusufrI&Sdonf[k owfrSwfonfh touft&G,frsm;rSm uGJjym;jcm;em;onf/
ta&;ay:tajctaersm;wGif q,fausmfoufrsm;ü olwdkYxuf ydki,faomuav;rsm;? vlBuD;rsm;ESifh rwlaom
vdktyfcsufrsm;&Sdonf/ vli,fqdkonfrSm vGwfvyfpGm wm0ef,lEdkifrIudk OD;wnfum wdk;wufaeonfh tcsdefumvudk
&nfnTef;onf/ vlrI,Ofaus;rI? tzGJUtpnf;? pD;yGm;a&;ESifh EdkifiHa&;qdkif&m tcsuftvufrsm;tay: rlwnfí
t"dyÜm,fowfrSwfcsufrsm;onf qufpyftajctaetvdkuf uGJjym;jcm;em;onf/
ydkrdkrsm;jym;aom t"dua0g[m&rsm; pm&if;udk INEE Toolkit: www.ineesite.org/toolkit wGif &SmazGMunfh½IEdkifygonf/
124
aemufqufwGJ 2- twdkaumuftrnfrsm;
AIDS - Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome? attdkif'Dtufpfa&m*g
HIV - Human Immunodeficiency Virus? tdyfcsftdkifADGDa&m*gydk;
IASC - Inter-Agency Standing Committee? vlom;csif;pmemrIqdkif&mtzJGUtpnf;rsm;tNrJwrf;aumfrwD
IDP - Internally displaced person? jynfwGif;a&TUajymif;ae&mcsxm;jcif;cH&ol
ILO - International Labour Organization? tjynfjynfqdkif&mtvkyform;a&;&mtzGJU
INEE - Inter-Agency Network for Education in Emergencies? ta&;ay:umvynma&;twGuf
vlom;csif;pmemrIqdkif&mtzGJUtpnf;rsm;uGef&uf
MOFA - Ministry of Foreign Affairs? EdkifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD;Xme
NGO - Non-government organization? tef*sDtdk̂ tpdk;&r[kwfaomtzGJUtpnf;
NORAD - Norwegian Agency for Development? aemfa0zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrIqkdif&mtzGJU
SEEP - Small Enterprise Education and Promotion? tao;pm;vkyfief;rsm;qdkif&mynmay;jcif;ESifh
jr§ifhwifjcif;
UN - United Nations? ukvor*¾
UNESCO - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization? ukvor*¾ynma&;?
odyÜHESifh,Ofaus;rItzGJU
UNHCR - United Nations High Commission for Refugees? ukvor*¾'ku©onfrsm;qdkif&mr[mrif;BuD;½Hk;
UNICEF - United Nation Children's Fund? ukvor*¾uav;rsm;&efyHkaiGtzGJU
125
aemufqufwGJ 3- a0g[m&tnTef;
ynmoif,lcGifh^ ...vufvrf;rD&&Sdaom 8? 29? 53? 115 access; see also equal access oif,lrIywf0ef;usifodkYoGm;a&mufonfhvrf;aMumif;rsm; 64 access routes wm0efcHrI 33? 114? 115 accountability wuf<uaomoif,lrI 87 active learning ysdKazmf0ift&G,frsm; 123
adolescents oufBuD;oif,lolrsm; 43? 44? 57 adult learners pdppfydkif;jcm;jcif; 19? 21? 35-49 analysis ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif; 19? 35-40? 116 assessment tuJjzwfjcif; 19? 48-9 evaluation ppfaq;MuD;Muyfjcif; 19? 45-7 monitoring wHkUjyefrSKenf;AsL[mrsm; 19? 41-4 response strategies ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif; 19? 35-40? 115 assessment
yl;aygif;aqmif&Gufjcif; 39 collaboration qufpyftajctaepdppfydkif;jcm;jcif; 37-8 context analysis n§dEIdif;aqmif&GufrI 33? 36 coordination owif;tcsuftvufaumuf,lpkaqmif;onfhykHpHrsm; 36 data collection tools tcsuftvufrsm;cdkifvHkrI&Sdapjcif;ESifhtcsuftvufpdppfydkif;jcm;enf;rsm; 38 data validity and analysis methods tao;pdwfcJGjcm;aumuf,laomtcsuftvufrsm; 35-6? 40? 116 disaggregated data ynma&;ESifhvlrIpdwfydkif;qdkif&mvdktyfcsufrsm; 40 of education and psychosocial needs vlUusifh0wfrsm;udk xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;jcif; 36 ethical considerations awGU&Sdcsufrsm; 40 findings owif;tcsuftvuf&if;jrpfrsm; 36 information sources t"duvkyfief;rsm; 35 key actions oif,lolrsm; 47 of learners oif,lrI&v'frsm; 75? 76? 78? 89-90 of learning outcomes yg0ifolrsm; 39 participants wHkUjyefrSKenf;AsL[mrsm; 41-2 and response strategies tzGJUrsm; 36 teams ueOD;ppfaq;tuJjzwf&eftcsdefowfrSwfjcif; 35 timing of initial assessments
wdkufcdkufjcif; 64-5? 108 attacks, protection from tajccHtcsuftvufrsm; 44 baseline data pGrf;aqmif&nf 9-10? 30? 33? 38? 115 capacity pGrf;aqmif&nfwnfaqmufjcif; 27? 42? 47? 49? 102? 115 capacity building uav;aysmfae&mrsm;ESifhausmif;rsm; 57-8? 115 child-friendly spaces and schools uav;oli,fumuG,fapmifha&Smufjcif; 115 child protection uav;rsm; 25-6? 29? 87? 115 children pmoifcef;&Sdausmif;om;ausmif;olta&twGuf 97 class size pmoifcef;pDrHcefYcGJrI 66 classroom management vkyfief;usifh0wfrsm; 63? 65? 66? 99-100 codes of conduct odrIqdkif&mjzpfpOfrsm; 116 cognitive processes &yf&Gmynma&;aumfrwDrsm; 23-4? 116 community education committees &yf&Gmvlxkyl;aygif;yg0ifrI 19? 20? 22-7? 121 community participation
pGrf;aqmif&nfwnfaqmufjcif; 27 capacity building uav;rsm;ESifhvli,frsm; 25-6 children and youth
126
&yf&Gmynma&;aumfrwDrsm; 23-4? 116 community education committees ynmoif,lcGifhwef;wlnDrQ&&Sdjcif; 59 equal access
vlwdkif;tusKH;0ifrI 22-3 inclusiveness t"duvkyfief;rsm; 22 key actions &yf&Gma'oqdkif&mynma&;vkyfief;pDrHcsuf 24-5 local education action plans tpDtpOfrsm;a&;qGJjcif;ESifh taumiftxnfazmfjcif; 106 planning and implementation umuG,fapmifHa&SmufrI 63? 66 protection tcef;u@ESifhwm0efrsm; 24 roles and responsibilities ab;uif;vHkNcHKa&;udkwdk;jr§ifhaqmif&Gufjcif; 63 safety promotion vlrIa&;ydkif;qdkif&moHk;oyfjcif; 26 social audits
&yf&Gma'o&if;jrpfrsm; 19? 28-30 community resources ynmoif,lcGifhvufvSrf;rDSrIESifh vHkNcHKrI 29 access and security a&&SnftwGuf pGrf;aqmif&nfwnfaqmufjcif; 29 building for the long term t"duvkyfief;rsm; 28 key actions &yf&Gma'o\pGrf;aqmif&nf 30 local capacity &yf&Gmvlxk\yg0ifulnDrIudk todtrSwfjyKjcif; 29-30 recognition of contributions
y#dyu©pdppfydkif;jcm;jcif; 37 conflict analysis y#dyu©avsmhyg;apjcif; 116 conflict mitigation qufpyftajctaepdppfydkif;jcm;jcif; 9-10? 11? 21? 37-8? 78? 109-10 context analysis oabmwlnDcsufrsm; 98 contracts n§dEIdif;aqmif&GufrI 19? 20-1? 31-4 coordination
wm0efcHrI 33 accountability owif;tcsuftvufESifhtodynmA[kokw pDrHcefYcGJrI 32-3
information and knowledge management
tzGJUtpnf;toD;oD;yg0ifaomn§dEIdif;aqmif&GufrIaumfrwD 31-2
inter-agency coordination committees
yl;wGJppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;rsm; 33? 36 joint assessments t"duvkyfief;rsm; 31 key actions &if;jrpfrsm;aqmfMopnf;½kH;&,ljcif; 32 resource mobilisation &v'faumif;udka&S;½IaomcsOf;uyfenf; 34 results-oriented approach
t"duuRrf;usifwwfajrmufrIrsm; 79 core competencies 79 tusifhysufjcpm;rI 109-10 corruption oif½dk;nTef;wrf;rsm; 75? 76? 77-82 curricula
qufpyftajctae? touft&G,f? zGHUNzdK;rItqifhrsm;ESifhudkufnDaom 78-9 context, age and developmental levels t"duuRrf;usifwwfajrmufrIrsm; 79 core competencies t"dyÜm,fowfrSwfcsufrsm; 77-8 definitions trsKd;rsKd;uGJjym;jcm;em;jcif; 81-2 diversity t"duvkyfief;rsm; 77 key actions oifMum;ydkYcsonfhbmompum; 81 language of instruction oifaxmufulypönf;rsm; 82 learning materials b0wGufwmuRrf;usifp&mrsm; 79-80 life skills vlrIpdwfydkif;qdkif&m vdktyfcsufrsm; 80-1 psychosocial needs jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;ESifha&;qJGrI 78-9 review and development q&mtwwfoif^vkyfief;cGifoifwef; 83-4 for teacher training
tEÅ&m,frsm; 62? 63-4 dangers tcsuftvufrsm; data
tajccHtcsuftvufrsm; 44 baseline data pkaqmif;jcif; 36? 42 collection
127
tao;pdwfcJGjcm;Edkifaomtcsuftvufrsm; 35-6? 40? 116 disaggregated data ta&twGufqkdif&m tcsuftvufrsm; 49 qualitative data t&nftaoG;qdkif&m tcsuftvufrsm; 48-9 quantitative data cdkifvHkrI&Sdapjcif;ESifhfpdppfydkif;jcm;jcif; 38? 42 validity and analysis
roefpGrf;olrsm; 70? 71? 81? 116 disabilities, people with ab;tEÅ&m,frsm; 116 disasters
MudKwifjyifqifrI 110? 121 preparedness ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajcavQmhcsjcif;ESifh pDrHcefYcGJrI 44? 66-7? 116
risk reduction and management cGJjcm;qufqHjcif; 54? 55-7? 68-9? 95? 110-11? 117 discrimination pdwfaomua&mufjcif; 76? 80? 117 distress qdk;usKd;oufa&mufrIr&Sdapjcif; 42? 117 ‘Do No Harm’ uav;oli,fjyKpkysKd;axmifa&; 62? 79? 108? 117 early childhood development ynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm; 117 education authorities ynma&;tpktzGJU 4? 11? 16? 31? 117 Education Cluster ta&;ay:umvynma&; 2-3? 117 education in emergencies
ESifhvlom;csif;pmemrSKqdkif&mwHkUjyefrI 3-4? 44 and humanitarian response ynmoif,lcGifh&&Sda&;^ynmoif,lrItcGifhta&; 5-6? 7? 56? 106? 107-8 right to education
ynma&;rl0g' 8? 105-14 education policy Oya'ESifhrl0g'aa&;qGJcsrSwfjcif; 105? 107-11 law and policy formulation
tpDtpOfa&;qGJrIESifh taumiftxnfazmfrI 105? 106? 112-14 planning and implementation ynma&;wHkUjyefrI 48-9? 117 education response ta&;ay:umv^ta&;ay:tajctaersm; 117 emergencies ynmoif,lcGifhwef;wlnDrQ&&Sdjcif; 43? 53? 55-60 equal access
ausmif;0ifcGifhjyKjcif;? ausmif;tyfESHjcif;ESifh ausmif;aejrJjcif; 57 admission, enrolment and retention
uav;aysmfae&mrsm; 57-8? 115 child-friendly spaces &yf&Gmvlxkyg0ifaqmif&GufrI 59 community involvement cGJjcm;qufqHjcif; 54? 55-7? 68-9 discrimination jyKjyifajymif;vJEdkifrI flexibility 58 csufcsif;OD;pm;ay;&rnfh ynma&;vkyfief;rsm; 58 immediate education priorities t"duvkyfief;rsm; 55 key actions tcGifhtvrf;rsm; 57-8? 122 opportunities t&nftaoG;&Sdynma&; 122 quality education &if;jrpfrsm; 59? 72? 80 to resources ,m,DcdkvIH&mae&mrsm; 59-60 temporary shelters
vlUusifh0wfrsm;udkxnfhoGif;pOf;pm;jcif; 36? 90 ethical considerations tuJjzwfjcif; 19? 48-9 evaluation taxmuftulypönf;rsm; 53? 54? 68-71 facilities
oif,l&mae&mrsm;twGuf'DZdkif;a&;qGJrIESifhxdef;odrf;apmifha&SmufrI 70 design and maintenance of learning spaces
wpfudk,fa&oefY&Sif;rIjr§ifhwifjcif; 71 hygiene promotion t"duvkyfief;rsm; 68 key actions oif,l&mae&mrsm;\wnfae&m 64? 68-9? 109 location roefpGrf;olrsm; 70? 71 people with disabilities a&aumif;a&oefY 71 safe water ywf0ef;usifoefY&Sif;a&; 70-1 sanitation taqmuftOD;zGJUpnf;wnfaqmufyHk?'DZdkif;ESifhaqmufvkyfjcif; 69-70? 109 Structure, design and construction
128
,m,DcdkvIH&mae&mrsm;tjzpf 59-60? 109 as temporary shelters; see also services
ausmif;oifynma&; 118 formal education tajccHpHowfrSwfcsufrsm; 8? 9? 13? 19-50 Foundational Standards
pdppfydkif;jcm;jcif; 19? 21? 35-49 analysis &yf&Gmvlxkyl;aygif;yg0ifrI 19? 20? 22-30 community participation n§dEIdif;aqmif&GufrI 19? 20-1? 31-4 coordination
&efyHkaiG 32? 43? 99 funding usm;-r u@^usm;-r u@uGJjym;jcm;em;rI 26? 29? 54? 71? 106? 118 gender usm;-r tcsKd;rQwrI 42? 46? 85? 94? 96? 118 gender balance usm;-r vlrSKb0udktajccHaomtMurf;zufrSK 63-4? 72? 118 gender-based violence tEÅ&m,frsm; 86? 118 hazards usef;rma&;ESifhtm[m& 71 health and nutrition vlUtcGifhta&; 5-6? 7? 76? 81-2? 119 human rights vlom;csif;pmemrSKqdkif&mwHkUjyefrI 3-4? 44 humanitarian response wpfudk,fa&oefY&Sif;rIjr§ifhwifjcif; 71 hygiene promotion vlwdkif;tusKH;0ifynma&; 81-2? 106? 119 inclusive education INEE tedrfhqHk;pHowfrSwfcsufrsm; 4-5 INEE Minimum Standards
qufpyftajctaepdppfydkif;jcm;jcif; 9-10? 11 context analysis zGHYNzdK;a&; 5 development e,fy,frsm; 8 domains rMumcPar;avh&Sdaomar;cGef;rsm; 17 frequently asked questions vrf;nTefcsufrSwfpkrsm; 10 guidance notes vlUtcGifhta&;rlabmif 5-6? 7 human rights framework t"duvkyfief;rsm; 9? 10? 11 key actions pHowfrSwfcsufrsm; 10? 11 standards enf;AsL[musaomcsdwfqufrIrsm; 15-16 strategic linkages taumiftxnfazmfaqmif&Gufjcif;twGuf enf;vrf;ud&d,mrsm; 12 tools for implementation toHk;jyKrI 10? 13-15 use
owif;tcsuftvufpDrHcefYcGJrI 32-3? 46-7? 110? 119 information management owif;tcsuftvuf&if;jrpfrsm; 36 information sources oifMum;-oif,lrSKjzpfpOfrsm; 75? 81? 87-8? 119 instruction and learning processes oifMum;a&;ypönf;rsm; 78? 79? 82? 85? 101 instructional materials tzJGUtpnf;rsm;tMum;n§dEIdif;aqmif&GufrIaumfrwD 31-2 inter-agency coordination committees ta&;ay:umvynma&;twGufvlom;csif;pmemrIqdkif&mtzJGYtpnf;rsm;
uGef&uf((INEE) 4 Inter-Agency Network for Education in Emergencies
vlom;csif;pmemrIqdkif&mtzJGYtpnf;rsm;tNrJwrf;aumfrwD(IASC) 16? 120 Inter-Agency Standing Committee jynfwGif;a&TUajymif;ae&mcsxm;jcif;cH&ol(IDP) 43? 96? 111? 120 internally displaced persons pD;yGm;a&;? vlrIa&;ESifh ,Ofaus;rI&ydkifcGifhrsm;qdkif&m EdkifiHwumy#dnmOfpmcsKyf
(1966) 6? 56-7
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966)
EkdifiHwumOya'a&;&mjyXmef;csufrsm; 6 international legal instruments tvkyfwm0efazmfjycsufrsm; 95? 98 job descriptions oifMum;ydkYcsonfhbmompum; 81? 95 language of instruction Oya'ESifhrl0g'aa&;qGJcsrSwfjcif; 105? 107-11 law and policy formulation
qufpyftajctaepdppfydkif;jcm;jcif; 109-10 context analysis
129
ynma&;udkpOfqufrjywfjzpfay:ap 108-9 continuity of education ab;tEÅ&m,fMudkwifjyifqifrI 110 disaster preparedness owif;tcsuftvufrQa0ay;jcif;ESifhowif;tcsuftvufpepfrsm; 110 information sharing and systems t"duvkyfief;rsm; 107 key actions cGJjcm;qufqHrIr&Sdjcif; 110-11 non-discrimination tef*sDtdkESifhukvor*¾tzJGYtpnf;rsm;rSulnDaqmif&Gufolrsm; 111 non-government and UN actors ynmoif,lcGif&&Sda&;^ynmoif,lrItcGifhta&; 107-8 right to education ausmif;ab;uif;vHkNcHKrI 109 school safety
oif,lolrsm; 47? 102? 120 learners oif,lrI learning see teaching and learning oif,lrItaMumif;t&m 78 learning content oif,lrIywf0ef;usif 8? 53-4? 61-72 learning environment
taxmuftulypönf;rsm; 53? 54? 68-71 facilities umuG,fapmifha&Smufjcif;ESifhcsrf;omokc&&Sdjcif; 53? 61-7? 117? 121? 123 protection and well-being
0efaqmifrIrsm; 53? 68? 71-2? 80? 112 services
oif,lrI&nf&G,fcsufrsm; 77 learning objectives oif,lrI&v'frsm; 75? 76? 78? 89-90? 120 learning outcomes oif,lrIjzpfpOfrsm; 87-8? 119 learning processes oif,lrIwnffae&mrsm; 120 learning sites oif,l&mae&mrsm; 70? 101? 120 learning spaces b0wGufwmuRrf;usifp&mrsm; 44? 47? 78? 79-80? 120 life skills ta&;tzwf^pmwwfajrmufrI 7? 44? 47? 54? 76? 78? 79 literacy toufarG;rI 123 livelihood &yf&Gma'oynma&;vkyfief;pDrHcsuf 24-5? 108? 113 local education action plans ppfaq;MuD;Muyfjcif; 19? 45-7 monitoring ausmif;jyifyynma&; 88? 121 non-formal education tef*sDtdk^tpdk;&r[kwfaomtzGJUtpnf; 111 non-governmental organisations twGuftcsuf 44? 47? 78? 79 numeracy yl;aygif;yg0ifrI 121 participation yl;aygif;yg0ifaomoif,lrI 87? 121 participatory learning vkyfief;aqmif&GufrIoHk;oyfcsuf 102 performance appraisals tpDtpOfrsm;a&;qGJjcif;ESifhtaumiftxnfazmfjcif; 11? 105? 106? 112-14 planning and implementation
ynma&;&ydkifcGifhrsm;ESifh &nfrSef;csufrsm; 112 education rights and goals u@rsm;tMum;csdwfqufrIrsm; 112 inter-sectoral linkages t"duvkyfief;rsm; 112 key actions EdkifiHtqifhESifh&yf&Gma'otqifhynma&;tpDtpOfrsm; 24-5? 108? 113 national and local education plans &if;jrpfrsm; 113 resources yGifhvif;jrifomrSKESifhwm0efcHrSK 114 transparency and accountability
upm;enf; 87 play MudkwifjyifqifrI 110? 121 preparedness umuG,fwm;qD;rI 121 prevention
twwfynmqdkif&mzGUHjzdK;wdk;wufapjcif;
professional development, see training and professional development
umuG,fapmifha&Smufjcif; 53? 61-7? 115? 121 protection oif,lrIywf0ef;usifodkYoGm;a&mufonfhvrf;aMumif;rsm; 64 access routes &yf&Gmvlxkyl;aygif;yg0ifrI 63? 66 community participation
130
tEÅ&m,frsm; 62? 63-4 dangers ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajcavQmhcsjcif;ESifh pDrHcefYcGJrI 66-7 disaster risk reduction and
management usm;-r vlrSKb0udktajccHaomtMurf;zufrSK 63-4? 72? 118 gender-based violence t"duvkyfief;rsm; key actions 61 oif,lolrsm;ESifh oif,lonfhae&mrsm;tMum; trsm;qHk;tuGmta0; learners-learning site distance tMurf;zufrIuif;aom pmoifcef;pDrHcefYcGJrI 64 non-violent classroom management wdkufcdkufcH&jcif;rS uif;a0;apjcif; 66 safety from attack 64-5? 108 ab;uif;vHkjcHKrI 61-2 security and safety xdyg;aESmifh,SufrIjzpf&yfrsm; 63 violations see also well-being
vlrIpdwfydkif;qdkif&m vdktyfcsufrsm; 2? 40? 65? 72? 80-1? 102? 121 psychosocial needs t&nftaoG;&Sdynma&; 7? 76? 122 quality education jyefvnfxlaxmifjcif; 124 recovery q&m^rrsm;a&G;cs,fcefUxm;jcif; 93? 94? 95-7 recruitment and selection of teachers
pmoifcef;&Sdausmif;om;ausmif;olta&twGuf 97 class size tawGUtBuHKESifht&nftcsif;rsm; 95-6 experience and qualifications tvkyfwm0efazmfjycsufrsm; 95? 98 job descriptions t"duvkyfief;rsm; 95 key actions &nfnTef;axmufcHay;olrsm; 97 references a&G;cs,frIpHowfrSwfcsufrsm; 95 selection criteria
'ku©onfrsm; 43? 55? 78? 81? 90? 96? 110-11? 122 refugees qDavsmfaomynma&; 122 relevant education cHHEdkif&nf&Sdjcif; 38? 125 resilience &if;jrpfrsm; 19? 28-30? 32? 42? 59? 113 resources wHkUjyefrIenf;AsL[mrsm; 19? 41-4 response strategies
ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif; 41-2 assessment tajccHtcsuftvufrsm; 44 baseline data pGrf;aqmif&nfwnfaqmufjcif; 42 capacity building 42 ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajcavQmhcsjcif; 44 disaster risk reduction qdk;usKd;oufa&mufrIr&Sdapjcif; 42? 117 ‘Do No Harm’ tvSL&Sif\wHkYjyefrI 43 donor response ta&;ay:tajctaewHkYjyefrIrsm;twGufBudKwifjyifqifjcif; 44? 66-7?
86? 121
emergency response preparedness
t"duvkyfief;rsm; 41 key actions EdkifiHtqifhtpDtpOfrsm; 43 national programmes tzGJUtpnf;qdkif&mvkyfydkifcGifhjyXmef;csufuefYowfrIrsm; 44 organisational mandates wHkYjyefrIenf;AsL[mrsm;udkjznfhpGufjyifqifjcif; 43 updating response strategies
ynmoif,lcGif&&Sda&;^ynmoif,lrItcGifhta&; 5-6? 7? 56? 106? 107-8? 112 right to education ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajc 122 risk ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajcqef;ppfjcif; 37-8? 62? 63? 69? 86? 109-10? 122 risk assessment ab;uif;rI 2? 46? 61-2? 63? 64? 109? 122 safety ywf0ef;usifoefY&Sif;a&; 70-1 sanitation vHkjcHKrI 29? 61-2? 64-5? 123 security 0efaqmifrIrsm; 53 services
vufvSrf;rDjcif;ESifh vTJajymif;ay;jcif;rsm; 72? 80 access and referrals usef;rma&;ESifht[m& 71 health and nutrition
131
u@rsm;tMum;csdwfqufrIrsm; 112 inter-sectoral linkages t"duvkyfief;rsm; 68 key actions
vlrIa&;ydkif;qdkif&moHk;oyfjcif; 26 social audits Sphere pDrHcsuf 4? 6? 15-16 Sphere Project yg0ifywfoufolrsm; 10? 123 stakeholders yHhydk;ulnDjcif;ESifhBuD;Muyfjcif; 93? 94? 101-2 support and supervision see also
training and professional development q&m^rrsm;twGufepfemaMu; 99 teacher compensation q&m^rrsm;ESifhynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm; 8? 93-102 teachers and education personnel
vkyfief;cGiftaetxm;rsm; 93? 98-100 conditions of work t"dyÜm,fowfrSwfcsuf 94 definition 0efxrf;a&G;cs,fcefUxm;jcif; 93? 94? 95-7 recruitment and selection
wm0efrsm;ESifh 0wå&m;rsm; 94 roles and responsibilities
yHhydk;ulnDjcif;ESifhBuD;Muyfjcif; 93? 94? 101-2
support and supervision, see also training and professional development
oifMum;jcif;ESifhoif,ljcif; 8? 75-90 teaching and learning ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif; 75? 76? 78? 89-90 assessment oif½dk;nTef;wrf;rsm; 75? 76? 77-82 curricula oifMum;-oif,lrSKjzpfpOfrsm; 75? 81? 87-8? 119 instruction and learning processes oifMum;a&;ypönf;rsm; 78? 79? 82? 85? 101 instructional materials oifwef;ay;jcif;ESifhtwwfynmqdkif&mzGUHjzdK;wdk;wufapjcif; 75? 76? 83-6 training and professional development
oifjyenf;rsm; 78? 88 teaching methods ,m,DcdkvIH&mae&mrsm; 59-60? 109 temporary shelters oifwef;ay;jcif;ESifhtwwfynmqdkif&mzGUHjzdK;wdk;wufapjcif; 75? 76? 83-6 training and professional development
oif½dk;nTef;wrf;rsm;ESihfyg0ifonfh taMumif;t&mrsm; 83-4 curricula and content tEÅ&m,fudkowdjyKem;vnfjcif; 86? 118 hazard awareness t"duvkyfief;rsm; 83 key actions w&m;0iftodtrSwfjyKay;jcif; 85 recognition and accreditation wHkYjyefrIrsm;twGufBudKwifjyifqifjcif; 86 response preparedness yHhydk;ulnDjcif;ESifh n§dEIdif;aqmif&Gufjcif; 84-5 support and coordination q&m^r- t"dyÜg,fowfrSwfcsuf 83 teacher: definition oifMum;-oif,lrIypönf;rsm; 85 teaching and learning materials
yGifhvif;jrifomrI 114 transparency oufarG;ynmoifwef;rsm; 32? 44? 47? 57? 76? 80 vocational training xdcdkufcH&vG,frI^ ckcHumuG,fEdkifpGrf;enf;rI 9-10? 123 vulnerability a&aumif;a&oefY 71 water, safe csrf;omokc&&Sdjcif;^udk,fpdwfESpfyg;csrf;omrI 46? 53? 61? 62? 65? 72? 123 well-being see also protection vkyfief;cGiftaetxm;rsm; 93? 98-100 work conditions vli,frsm; 25-6? 29? 30? 42? 108-9? 123 youth
132
aemufqufwGJ 4- wHk Y jyeftBuHjyKvTm
qufoG,f&eftcsuftvuf
&ufpGJ- trnf-
tzGJUtpnf;ESifh &mxl;-
vdyfpm-
zkef;-
tD;ar;vf-
(1) oif odkUr[kwf oifhtzGJUtpnf;u tedrf hqHk;pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;udk toHk;jyKcJUonfh enf;vrf;rsm;taMumif;
azmfjyay;yg/ þvufpGJpmtkyfyg t"duvkyfief;rsm;udk oif\ qufpyftajctae? pDrHcsuf̂ tzGJUtpnf;^
n§dEIdif;aqmif&GufrI vkyfief;ponfwdkYESifh udkufnDatmif jyifqifcJhonfrsm; (&Sdvsif) rnfodkUaqmif&GufcJUonfudk
wduspGmazmfjyay;yg/
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(2) þvrf;nTefpmtkyfudk toHk;jyKaepOf rnfonfhpdefac:rIrsm; &ifqdkifBuHKawGUcJU&ygovJ/ ,if;pdefac:rIrsm;udk
rnfodkYausmfjzwfcJhygovJ odkYr[kwf ,if;pdefac:rIrsm;ESifhtwl rnfodkYvkyfief;rsm;udk aqmif&GufcJUygovJ/
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133
(3) oif&&SdcJhaom oifcef;pmtcsKdUudk rQa0ay;Ekdifygovm;? odkYr[kwf þvufpGJpmtkyfudk oHk;í&vmaom
oifhtawGUtBuHKrsm;rS vufawGUvkyfaqmifrIerlemaumif;tcsKdUudk Oyrmtjzpf azmfjyay;yg/ pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;
oHk;jcif;aMumifh oif\tvkyfwGif rnfonfhoufa&mufrI&Sdygoenf;/
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(4) oifhtawGUtBuHKtay:tajccHNyD;? rnfonfhowif;tcsuftvuf odkYr[kwf rnfonfhenf;vrf;? ud&d,mrsm;udk
xyfrHjznfhpGufjcif;jzifh þvufpGJpmtkyfonf ydkrdkxda&mufqDavsmfrI&Sdrnf[k xifygoenf;/
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(5) þvufpGJpmtkyfESifhpyfvsOf;í tjcm;xifjrifcsuf odkYr[kwf wHkYjyeftBuHjyKcsufrsm;&Sdvsif azmfjyay;yg/
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ynma&;twGuftedrf hqHk;pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;- BudKwifjyifqifjcif;? wHk Y jyefjcif;? jyefvnfxlaxmifjcif;
vufpGJpmtkyfudk toHk;jyKNyD; &&Sdvmaom oif\tawGUtBuHKrsm;udk rQa0ay;onfhtwGuf aus;Zl;wifygonf/
þwHkYjyeftBuHjyKcsufrsm;onf tedrf hqHk;pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;udk ydkrdktoHk;jyKvmapa&;twGuf enf;AsL[m
owfrSwf&mwGifvnf;aumif;? jyefvnfjznfhpGufjyifqif&mwGifvnf;aumif; taxmuftuljzpfygrnf/ þar;cGef;vTmudk
jznfhoGif;NyD; [email protected] odkY tD;ar;vfjzifhay;ydkYapvdkygonf/ odkYr[kwf INEE Coordinator for
Minimum Standards, UNICEF - Education Section, 3 United Nations Plaza, New York, NY 10017, USA odkY vdyfrlí
ay;ydkYEdkifygonf/ þyHkpHudk www.ineesite.org/feedback wGifvnf; tGefvdkif;jznfhpGufEdkifygonf/
134
tajccHpHowfrSwfcsufrsm;
&yf&Gmvlxkyl;aygif;yg0ifrIpHowfrSwfcsufrsm;- yl;aygif;yg0ifjcif;ESifh&if;jrpfrsm;? n§dEdIif;aqmif&GufrIpHowfrSwfcsuf- n§dEdIif;aqmif&GufrI? pdppfydkif;jcm;rIpHowfrSwfcsufrsm;- ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;? wkHYjyefrIenf;AsL[mrsm;? ppfaq;MuD;Muyfjcif;ESifhtuJjzwfjcif;
t"duaqG;aEG;&efacgif;pOfrsm;- y#dyu©avsmhyg;apjcif;? ab;tEÅ&m,fjzpfEdkifajcavQmhcsjcif;? uav;oli,fjyKpkysKd;axmifjcif;? usm;-r u@uGJjym;jcm;em;rI? HIVESifhAIDS? vlUtcGifhta&;?
vlwdkif;tusKH;0ifynma&;? u@rsm;tMum;csdwfqufrIrsm;? umuG,fapmifha&SmufrI? vlrIpdwfydkif;qdkif&myHhydk;ulnDrIESifh vli,frsm;
ynma&;twGuftedrf hqHk;pHowfrSwfcsufrsm;-
BudKwifjyifqifjcif;? wkY H jyefjcif;? jyefvnfxlaxmifjcif;
oifMum;jcif;ESif hoif,lkjcif;ynmoif,lcGifhESifhoif,lrIywf0ef;usif q&m^rrsm;ESif htjcm;ynma&;qkdif&m
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wef;wlnDrQ&&Sdjcif;/ t&nftaoG;
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tcGifhtvrf;rsm;udk vlwdkif;vufvSrf;rD
&&Sdonf/
pHowfrSwfcsuf 2- umuG,fapmifh
a&Smufjcif;ESif h csrf;omokc&&Sdjcif;/
oif,lrIywf0ef;usifonfab;uif;vHkNcHK
NyD; oif,lolrsm;? q&m^rrsm;ESifhtjcm;
ynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdolrsm;tm;
umuG,fapmifha&SmufrIESifh vlrIpdwfydkif;
qdkif&mcsrf;omokcwdkYudkydkrdk&&Sdaponf/
pHowfrSwfcsuf 3- ynma&;taxmuf
tulypönf;rsm;ESif h0efaqmifrIrsm;/
ynma&;taxmuftulypönf;rsm;onf
oif,lolrsm;? q&m^rrsm;ESifhtjcm;
ynma&;qdkif&myk*¾dKvfrsm;\ ab;uif;
vHkNcHKa&;ESifh udk,fpdwfESpfyg;csrf;omrIudk
ydkrdkjzpfay:apNyD;? usef;rma&;?tm[m&?
vlrIpdwfydkif;ESifh umuG,fapmifha&SmufrI
qdkif&m0efaqmifrIrsm;ESifhqufpyfaeonf/
pHowfrSwfcsuf 1- oif½ k d;nTef;wrf;
rsm;/ ,Ofaus;rI? vlrIa&;? bmompum;
wdkYESifhqDavsmfrI&Sdaomoif½dk;nTef;wrf;rsm;
udkf ausmif;oifESifhausmif;jyifyynma&;
wdkYwGif oif,lolwdkY\ qufpyftajctae?
vdktifrsm;ESifh udkufnDpGmtoHk;jyKonf/
pHowfrSwfcsuf 2- oifwef;ay;jcif;?
twwfynmqdkif&mzHGUjzdK;wdk;wufap
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tcgtm;avsmfpGmwufa&mufcGifh&&Sdonf/
pHowfrSwfcsuf 3- oifMum;-oif,lrI
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onfoif,loludkA[dkjyKonf? yl;aygif;yg0if
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pHowfrSwfcsuf 4- oif,lrI&v'frsm;
udk ppfaq;tuJjzwfjcif;/ oif,lrI
&v'frsm;udk tuJjzwf&efESifh cdkifvHkrI
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pHowfrSwfcsuf 1- 0efxrf;a&G;cs,f
cefUxm;jcif;/ oifhavsmfaomt&nftcsif;
&Sdonfhq&m^rrsm;ESifhtjcm;ynma&;qdkif
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BuD;Muyfjcif;/q&m^rrsm;ESifhtjcm;ynm
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pHowfrSwfcsuf 1-Oya'ESifhrl0g'a&;qGJ
csrSwfjcif;/ ynma&;qdkif&mwm0ef&Sdol
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pHowfrSwfcsuf 2-tpDtpOfa&;qGJjcif;
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EdkifiHwumESifhEdkifiHawmfynma&;rl0g'rsm;?
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