industry: the maufacturing of goods in a factory
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INDUSTRY:The maufacturing of goods in a factory
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Industrial Revolution:A series of inventions that brought new uses to known energy sources, new machines to improve efficiencies and enable other new inventions.
eg. steam engine, iron smelting, water pump
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Beginning of Industrial RevolutionWhen and where did the industrial revolution begin?
In Great Britain in the mid to late 1700s
Why Great Britain?Flow of capitalSecond agricultural revolutionMercantilism and cottage industriesResources: coal, iron ore, and water power
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Ironbridge, EnglandWorld’s first bridge made entirely of cast iron, constructed in late 1700s.
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Diffusion to Mainland EuropeEarly 1800s, innovations diffused into mainland Europe.
Location criteria: proximity to coal fieldsconnection via water to a portflow of capital
Later DiffusionLate 1800s, innovations diffused to some regions without coal.
Location criteria: access to railroadflow of capital
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Where is industry distributed?Less than one percent of Earth’s land is devoted
to industry (25% to agriculture)
¾ of industrial production is concentrated in four regions:Northwestern EuropeEastern EuropeEastern North AmericaEast Asia
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Western Europe United Kingdom
Home of the Industrial Revolution
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North AmericaPittsburgh-Lake Erie
Coal and Iron in the Appalachians
Steel production attracted more industry
Western Great LakesAutomobilesTransportation
St. Lawrence ValleyClose to Canadian MarketsClose to Niagara FallsClose to Great Lakes
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Major Manufacturing Regions of North America
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East Asia
Isolated from world markets
Access to portsLarge labor force
working for cheapGrew based on
production of cheap exports
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The distribution of Industry Situation factors
Proximity to inputsProximity to
markets
Site FactorsLabor Land Capital
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Proximity to Markets and the U.S.
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How has Industry changed since the industrial revolution?
Ford and the assembly line: dominant mode of mass production during the twentieth century, production of consumer goods at a single site.
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Post-FordistPost-Fordist: Current mode
of production More flexible set of
production practices Production is accelerated
and dispersed by multinational companies that shift production, outsourcing it around the world.
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Time-Space Compression
Through improvementsin transportation andCommunicationstechnologies, manyplaces in the world aremore connected than
ever before.
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Time-Space CompressionJust-in-time delivery
Rather than keeping a large inventory of components or products, companies keep just what they need for short-term production and new parts are shipped quickly when needed.
Global division of laborCorporations can draw from labor around the globe for different components of production.
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Where is industry expanding?Southern and Western U.S.
Lack of unionsCheap labor Opening of western ports
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• From Cities to Suburbs• Cheap land• Factory layout
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