Industry and Inventions 5W & H Using the provided reading, answer the following in

complete sentences:

1. WHO first began “producing goods through new methods” in the early 1700’s?

2. WHAT is the name for the “historic change” from “farms to work in the mills” ?

3. WHEN did the Industrial Revolution come to the U.S. ?

4. WHERE did the Industrial Revolution first begin in the United States?

5. WHY was the Industrial Revolution so successful in the region it first came to? (Hint: There are 3 main reasons)

6. HOW were mill owners able to get people to leave their farms to work in the cities?

Industry and Inventions Compass Points

• Needs- What needs did the U.S. have during the early 1800's that the Industrial Revolution filled?

• Excitements- What groups were most likely excited about the economic changes brought on by the Industrial Revolution?

• Stance- How did Madison's past political stance (asking Congress for a declaration of war) act as a cause of the Industrial Revolution?

• Worries- What group had good reason to worry about the possible economic and environmental effects of the Industrial Revolution?

Early Industry and Inventions

Manufacturing, Transportation, Communication, and Farming

Industrial Revolution

• Industrial Revolution- a major change in the American economy due to the introduction of power-driven machinery during the late 18th century Factory machines replaced hand tools Manufacturing replaced farming as the main source of work

• Before this, most manufacturing was done in the home Cottage industry: Farm families produced what they needed

• In the 1700’s, Britain jumped ahead of the U.S. in industrial production with the steam engine Britain carefully guarded their secret

• Turn and Talk- Why do you think they would do this?

Industry Begins in the U.S.

• 1789- Samuel Slater came to the U.S. from Britain Brought plans for a water

powered textile mill

• Progress was slow until the Embargo Act of 1807 and the War of 1812 How did these events help

increase manufacturing?

Factory System

• Factory system- brought workers and machines together under one roof

• Moved from an agricultural society to one focused on industrialization Development of industry (processing raw materials

to manufacture goods) on a large scale

• This change was not always for the better In what ways would industrialization be

negative? Think of your city during the Urban Game…

• New England was a good place to set up factories Had many fast-moving rivers Ships and ports for quick transport of goods Willing labor force

The Lowell Mills Hire Women

• 1813: Francis Cabot Lowell built a factory in Massachusetts

• Spun cotton into yarn and wove the cotton into cloth

• “Lowell Girls” lived in boardinghouses supervised by older women Strict rules Forced church attendance

• Worked over 12 hours a day in extremely loud factories

Interchangeable Parts

• Interchangeable Parts- Identical parts that can be substituted in the manufacture or repair of a product Invented by Eli Whitney First created for muskets for the U.S. military

• Factories began producing matching parts to many products Sped up production, made repairs easier, and allowed the

use of lower-paid, less skilled workers

The Cotton Gin

• Eli Whitney also invented the cotton gin

• The gin took the seeds out of the cotton, which was much faster than doing it by hand From 1 to 50 lbs per day

• Resulted in cotton as a viable cash crop Increased the need for

more land and slaves

Steamboat

• Some inventions increased production (cotton gin, interchangeable parts) while others improved transportation and communication

• 1807- Robert Fulton designed a steamboat that could move against the current and the wind Clermont

• Created more opportunities for trade and transportation on rivers

The Telegraph

• 1837- invented by Samuel Morse

• Sent long and short pulses of electricity along a wire

• Took only seconds to communicate with another city

• Both the steamboat and telegraph brought the people of the nation closer to each other