IndustrializationCh. 25

Question to Ponder…How has technology affectedyour life? Has is complicated it orsimplified it or both? Have youencountered any negative

effectsof technology? Do you think itsoverall effects are good or bad?

Definition of Industrial Revolution

• Refers to the greatly increased output of machine-made goods that began in England during the 18th century

• This is all fine and good, but the real question remains…how did England turn to industrialization? – To find this answer, we must look at

England’s social and economic past…

Living From the Land• Before the 1700’s people lived the

same way that their ancestors did thousands of years before them– Relied on farming to make a living, lived

under the constant threat of disease– Families remained small (high infant

mortality)– 40 years life expectancy– Men farmed/hunted, women tended to

family

Early industry • The first industry was basic and

revolved around wool and coal mining

• Started Domestic System – first industrial method in which all members of a community had a role in producing a product for sale

Agricultural Revolution leads to Industrial Revolution

•Enclosure Movement- new laws that allowed landowners to enclose private and common lands for themselves– Increased farming productivity– Began Crop Rotation Method– Led to new inventions– Forced small farm owners to become

tenant farmers or move into cities

Crop Rotation

Corn Tomatoes

FREE Peppers

Agricultural Revolution leads to Industrial Revolution (cont.)

(chart on next slide)

Increased Productivity More Food

Healthier People

More Ppl/Living Longer Increased Population

Increase in demand for food

New Inventions• Jethro Tull

and the Seed Drill – allowed farmers to plant seeds for farming in well-spaced rows at specific depths, increasing crop productivity

Now How is England Going to Support All Those People?!?!!

Technological improvements and INDUSTRIALIZATION!

(In your own words, write a short paragraph explaining how the Agricultural Revolution led to the Industrial Revolution)

New Inventions spur technological advances John Kay and

the Flying Shuttle – doubled the amount of production a weaver could do in one day

New Inventions (cont.)• Richard

Arkwright and the Water Frame – machine that used water power to drive spinning wheels to weave

New Inventions (cont.)Samuel Compton

and the Spinning Mule – combined the Spinning Jenny and Water Frame

- made thread that was stronger, finer and more consistent

New Inventions (cont.)

•Eli Whitney and the Cotton Gin – multiplied the amount of cotton that could be cleaned

New Inventions and Transportation • All of these inventions were great, but

they only increased the amount of goods that could be produced in a factory or on a farm…there also needed to be new inventions that would help get workers too and from the factory and goods out to market…

• This led to an increase in the technology of transportation

New Inventions and Transportation

• The steam engine was refined by James Watt (became more cost efficient on less fuel)

• Steam engines were then applied to water transportation

New Inventions and Transportation• The Steam Engine

led to the production of Railroads that connected cities together (Liverpool to Manchester)

• Allowed spread of goods, fasters transportation of goods and most importantly, the transportation of PEOPLE!

Connection btw transportation and Industrialization• Transportation not only quickened the

pace of production and sale of goods, but also let people work in one location and live in another (commuters!)

• Because large factories were now producing all the goods, the smaller farmers had only one place to go…to the factories, which were located together…

Why did the Industrial Rev. start in Great Britain and no where else?Good question…even though GB is

a small island nation, it had A LOT of untapped natural resources, which are based on 4 points

1. Water power and coal to fuel machines

Why in GB? (cont.)

2. Iron ore to make machines, tools and factories

3. Rivers for easy inland transportation

4. Harbors for ships to sail the ocean and trade

Why did the Industrial Rev. start in Great Britain and no where else?

• In addition to natural resources, Britain had an expanding economy to support industrialization– Bankers to invest money – Increase of trade and demand for

goods by a growing population– Political and military power (lead to

expansion to support economy

Britain and the Industrial RevolutionBritain had all the FACTORS OF PRODUCTION – land, labor and capital

-”Ripple Effect”

Urbanization and the Development of Cities! (YAY!)• Cities grew where the factories were

located…people needed jobs because they lost their farms, so they crowded together so they could live where they worked

• City development led to a whole new set of problems – Living conditions– Working conditions– Development of upper and lower classes

UrbanizationLiving conditions

were poor in the urban settings of overcrowded cities

- no sanitary, building codes

- Lack of decent housing, education, police protection

Urbanization (cont.)

- Child labor- Disease spread

quickly- Tenant Housing - High crime rate- Police corruption - Over Crowding

Urbanization

Sweeper Boy

Glass Factory Workers

Newsboy

Breaker

Boys

The Slebzak Family

Working Conditions •Owners wants to produce as

much as possible paying the least amount possible

•Avg worker spent 14 hours a day, 6 days a week–Weekend was not created until 1930’s by Henry Ford

Polarization of Classes • Separation btw upper and

lower classes, development of new “middle class”

• Upper class owned the factories and were rich

• Lower class worked in the factories and were poor…

The Middle Class• In the past, the upper class

looked down on those who made their $$$ in business

• Middle class = neither rich or poor– Gov’t employees, doctors, lawyers,

factory managers – Lived comfortably

Luddites • The lower class

did not see any improvement in their lives

• Luddites rioted and smashed the machines that were replacing them

Effects of the Ind. Rev. (pg 640)• Many positives effects…

– Created new jobs– Improved technological progression– Increased production of goods– Healthier diets – Better housing, cheaper mass-produced

clothing– Raised demand for more educated

workers

Effects of the Ind. Rev. (pg 640)• Many negatives

– Creation of slums/ghettos – Poor working conditions– Separation btw really rich and

everyone else– Under paid workers = riots– Poor living conditions (disease,

rodents ect.)

The “Ripple Effect”• The Industrial Revolution started

in Great Britain, but it would spread to the rest of the world

• Other European nations witnessed the “British Miracle” and wanted to keep pace in order to stay completive

The “Ripple Effect”• “British

Miracle” • Made plenty

of money• Became most

powerful country in the world

The “Ripple Effect”• The French

wanted to copy the same, but they were too busy fighting each other and Napoleon in the French Revolution

The “Ripple Effect”• The Belgians

(Belgium) had rich deposits of iron and coal and many waterways to transport goods

The “Ripple Effect”

• Germany built railroads to link cities

• Germanys industrial growth and power would later pave the way to develop its powerful military in WWI and WWII

Impact of Global Industrialization• (pg 646) Shifted the world balance of

power and promoted competition btw powers

• Increased the gap btw powerful industrialized nations and non-industrialized nations (1st world vs. 3rd world nations)

• Britain began to run out of people to sell their goods to…

Impact of Global Industrialization

• …so Britain took its powerful army and navy and forced less powerful nations to buy their goods

• European armies vs. non-industrialized tribal warriors

• Which led to IMPERALISM (we’ll talk about that in the next chapter, and that led to a whole new “ripple effect”)

Impact of Global Industrialization

Who’s gonna win?

AGE OF REFORMS!!