CHAPTER 19Industrialization and Nationalism1800-

1870

SECTION 1: THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Main Ideas:Coal and steam replaced wind and water as

new sources of energy and power.Cities grew as people moved from the

country to work in factories. Important Terms:

CapitalEntrepreneurCottage industryPuddling Industrial capitalism Socialism

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN GREAT BRITAIN

The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the 1780s for several reasons. Improved farming methods increased food

supply, which drove food prices down and gave families more money for manufactured goods.

Britain had a ready supply of capital (money to invest)

Surged ahead in the production of the cotton goods, cottage industry.

Series of inventions

INVENTIONS Edmund Cartwright

Flying shuttle, spinning jenny, and the water-powered loom (1787)

These made both weaving and spinning faster, could create machines and bring workers into factories. (no more cottage industry)

James Watt Improved the steam engine (1782) so it could drive

machinery. Mills no longer had to be located near water, ran on coal. Lead to the coal industry expanding

Henry Cort Puddling Produced a better quality iron…leading to the British iron

industry to boom.

RAILROADS Railroads were crucial to the Industrial

Revolution. The Rocket was the first public railway line,

which opened in 1830. Factories were another important aspect,

b/c it created a new labor system.

SPREAD OF INDUSTRIALIZATION Britain became the world’s greatest industrial

nation. It produced ½ of the world’s cotton goods and coal.

Belgium, France, and Germany were the first to industrialize, principally b/c their governments built infrastructure such as canals and railroads.

United States was also hit by the Industrial Revolution. In 1800, 6 out of every 7 American workers were farmers. By 1860, the number was only 1 out of every 2. Robert Fulton created the first paddle-wheel

steamboat, the Clermont, to help transport goods in the U.S. Railroads would also turn the U.S. into a massive market.

What were the social and environmental effects of the Industrial Revolution? (Read textbook and w/s)

SECTION 2: REACTION AND REVOLUTION

Main Ideas:The great powers worked to maintain a

conservative order throughout Europe.The forces of liberalism and nationalism

continued to grow and led to the revolutions of 1848.

Important Terms:ConservatismPrinciple of interventionLiberalismuniversal male suffrage

CONGRESS OF VIENNA After the defeat of Napoleon, European

rulers moved to restore the old order. This was the goal of the great powers.Who where the great powers?What was the result of the Congress of

Vienna? Royal families would be restored in order to keep

peace and stability in Europe. Rearrangement of territories.

Refer to map on page 590

NATIONALISM Nationalism started after the French

Revolution!

Conservatism- based on tradition and social stability. Klemens Von Metternich- strongly pushed for

conservatism in Europe.

Liberalism- a political philosophy based largely on Enlightenment principles, held that people should be as free as possible from government restraint.

Nationalism- arose out of people’s awareness of being part of a community with common traditions, institutions, language, and customs. Nationalism was a threat to the existing political

order. Conservatives feared this, why?

NATIONALISM Revolutionary Outburst (read pages

592-594)Another French RevolutionTrouble in German and Italian statesRevolts in Central Europe

SECTION 3: NATIONAL UNIFICATION AND THE NATIONAL STATE Main Ideas:

The rise of nationalism contributed to the unification of Italy and Germany.

While nationalism had great appeal, not all peoples achieved the goal of establishing their own national states.

Important Terms: Militarism Kaiser Plebiscite Emancipation Abolitionism secede

NATIONALISM W/S Effects of Nationalism:

Go through 19.2/19.3 to determine if nationalism unified or brought disunity to the region.

Explain howAnswer the Challenge questions

Nationalism: Two ViewsRead the two expressions dealing with

nationalismAnswer questions 1-4; do not do the extra

challenge.

REVIEW ASSIGNMENT Pick one of the topics below to create a

poster, a mobile, or a brochure. Topics: The effects/consequences of the

Industrial Revolution. (i.e. socialism, child labor, urbanization, new social classes, pollution, etc.)

How did nationalism affect Europe? Pick one country and focus on nationalism within the country during this time period (ch.19-20).

SECTION 4: CULTURE: ROMANTICISM AND REALISM

Main Ideas: At the end of the 18th century, romanticism

emerged as a reaction to the ideas of the Enlightenment.

The Industrial Revolution created a new interest in science and helped produce the realist movement.

Key Terms: Romanticism Secularization Organic evolution Natural selection RealismWatch video with questions.