Industrial Wastewater Sampling – Methodologies and Protocols

City of Portland - Bureau of Environmental Services and

Clean Water Services

A Tale of Two Sampling Programs

2

Presentation Overview

• BES Overview

• CWS Overview

• BES Sampling Methods

• CWS Sampling Methods

• Question and Answer

3

BES Industrial Wastewater Sampling Program Overview

Doug Hutchinson and Megan Schubel

4

Let’s Do the Numbers...

• Permitted Industries: 160

• Permitted Discharging Industries: 135

• Sample points: 140

• Monthly vs. quarterly vs. semi-annual samples: 22% vs. 36% vs. 42%

• Total grab samples per year: ~600

• Total composite samples per year: ~600

5

Industrial Sampling Locations Map

Columbia River

6

What makes Portland unique?

• Large number of industries and samples

• Wide range of industrial users

• Age of industries and infrastructure– Combined waste streams– Challenging sampling points– City code (17.34.080 (c)) does not necessarily require specific

monitoring location: “...may require an industrial wastewater discharger to install and maintain at the discharger's expense a suitable manhole in the discharger's branch sewer or other suitable monitoring access…”

7

Pollution Prevention Services Organizational Chart

S p ill C on tro l &C itizen Response

E nv iron m en ta l C om p lianceD iv is ion

Industr ia l P re treatm en t Pe rm itting

Industria l S to rm w a ter

Industr ia l P ro jec ts

W P C L A dm in is tra tion

Industr ia l S ou rce C on trol

F ie ld O pe ra tions

D a ta A cqu is ition & M gm t.

Investigations & M on ito ring

Labora to ry

E nv iron m en ta l Investiga tions

C oo rd ina ted S ite A na lys is

S pec ia l P ro jec ts

P o llu tion P reven ta tion S e rv ices

8

Field Operations Overview• Industrial wastewater monitoring• Surface water sampling and temperature monitoring• Stormwater sampling• Short-term flow monitoring• Groundwater monitoring• Biosolids• Soils and sediment sampling• Miscellaneous projects

9

Industrial Sampling Work Flow

Permit Managers (Industrial Pretreatment

Permitting)

Wastewater Sampling Crew

(Field Operations)

Lab

10

Industrial Sampling Process Flow ChartCompliance Monitoring

Schedule (CMS) provided by Permit Manager (PM)

CMS converted to yearly industrial sampling

schedule by field staff

Monthly schedule created by field staff

Sampling activities by field staff

11

12

Yearly Schedule SpreadsheetCompany Name Address Location Jan Feb

2002 2002

AIC, Inc. 17555 S.W. 63rd Ave. 1A G-sa C-saAjinomoto Frozen Foods U.S.A., Inc 7124 N. Marine Dr. 1A C-E G-q C-EAlpenrose Dairy 6149 S.W. Shattuck Rd. 1B G-q C-E C-EAmalgamated Sugar Co.(Hours of Op) 2600 N.E. Columbia Blvd. 1A C-E, G-q C-EAmerican Industrial Service 5225 S.E. 26th Ave. 1A G-q, C-qAmerican Linen Corporation 1441 N. Columbia Blvd. 1A C-E G-q C-EAnnex Foods 3211 N.E. 82nd Ave. 1A C-EAPEX Anodizing 627 S.E. Division Pl. 1AAramark Uniform Services 1848 N.W. 23rd Ave. 1A G-mARCO Products Co. Portland Terminal 9930 N.W. St. Helens Rd. 1AAssociated Chemists, Inc. 4401 S.E. Johnson Creek Blvd. 1A G-q Auto Warehousing Co (Port Services) 7520 N. Marine Dr. 1A G-qAviation Exteriors 4635 N.E. Cornfoot Rd. 1A G-qBaker Commodities,Co. Inc. 9901 N. Hurst Ave. 1A G-q C-E C-EBeall Trailers 9200 N. Ramsey 1ABlackline, Inc. 2425 N.W. St. Helens Rd. 1A G-m,sa C-m,q,saBlue Beacon International 10308 N. Vancouver Way 1ABorden Chemical Company 10915 N. Lombard 1A C-E, G-mBrassworks 3576 S.E. Division St. 1ABridgeport Brewing Co. 1313 N.W. Marshall St. 1A G-m, C-m G-m, C-mCascade General 5555 N. Channel Ave. 1A G-q,a C-sa

13

Off to the Field...

BES Sampling Prep and Field Work

15

Monthly Sampling Schedule

Sp

lit

Company Name Address

Ho

urs

of

Op

Ne

ed

s R

ain

Liq

uid

L

evel

Sp

ecia

l In

stru

ctio

n

Ajinomoto Frozen Foods U.S.A., Inc 7124 N. Marine Dr. 1A C-EY American Linen Corporation 1441 N. Columbia Blvd. 1A C-E

Auto Warehousing Co (Port Services)7520 N. Marine Dr. 1A G-sa, q 2Y Baker Commodities,Co. Inc. 9901 N. Hurst Ave. 1A G-q C-E

Borden Chemical Company 10915 N. Lombard 1A G-m C-E 2Darling International, Inc. (Darling Delaware)9902 N. Hurst Ave. 1B G-m C-EDel Monte Fresh Produce 9243 N. Rivergate Blvd. 1A G-q C-E

Y Fuel Processors 4150 N. Suttle Road 1A G-q C-mJefferson Smurfit Company 12005 N. Burgard Rd. 1A C-EPurdy Corp. 13201 N. Lombard 1A G-sa C-sa 2Steinfeld's Products Co. 10001 N. Rivergate Blvd. 2A C-E, G-saUnion Pacific Railroad Railroad Co. 2525 N. Larrabee St. 1A G-sa 2Widmer Brewing Co. 929 N. Russell St. 1A G-m, C-m

Amalgamated Sugar Co. 2600 N.E. Columbia Blvd. 1A C-E 2 2 Coca Cola Bottling Co. 2710 N.E. Davis St. 1A G-q C-q,m 2

Franz Bakery 340 N.E. 11th Ave. 1A G-m

16

Maps and Sampling Notes

17

Equipment Overview

18

pH Meter Calibration• 2 dedicated meters

– calibrated to 4.0-7.0– calibrated to 7.0-10.0

• Calibrated daily before field work– replace buffer and storage solution daily

• Drift check at end of sampling run– acceptable drift 0.1 pH units

19

Decontamination Procedure for Pump Tubing

• Pumped through silicone-rubber tubing to decontaminate for metals– Non-phosphate soap and water– Tap water– 10% nitric acid rinse– Deionized water

• Monthly rinsate blank collected for metals• Every 6 months, or as needed, old tubing

discarded

20

Test manhole / vault atmosphere with gas monitor. Collect grabs if

necessary.

Arrive at industry, sign in and/or notify contact.

If composite is set, return next day to pick up.

Return to Lab & relinquish samples and COC.

Document all sampling & other activity in Chain-of-Custody

Logbook. Update tracking notebook.

Go to next site?

NONO

Need to collect

composite sample?

YESYES

Set up composite sampler.

Document all sampling & other activity in Chain-of-Custody Logbook. Update

tracking notebook.

Return to Lab and relinquish samples and COC.

NONO

YESYES

21

Points of Compliance: Typical…

22

…to Exceptional

23

Grab Sample Collection

Typical grab sample parameters:

• pH

• Oil and grease

• Volatile and/or semi-volatile compounds

• Total or amenable cyanide

• Total sulfide or dissolved sulfide

24

Grab Collection Methods• Collect directly into bottle (preferred) - required for oil

and grease samples• Pour from stainless steel bailer into container

– Volatile organic compounds– Dissolved sulfide

• Pump with sampler (if setting composite)– pH– Total and amenable cyanide– Total sulfide

25

pH Compliance

• Acceptable range = 5.0-11.5

• If outside range:– record initial measurement on chain-of-custody– recalibrate with fresh buffer– re-measure original grab– record on chain-of-custody and call PM and IU

if in violation– collect follow-up sample?

26

Composite Sampler Set-Up

27

Programming and Calibration

For a standard setup, sampler programmed to take an aliquotevery 30 minutes for 24 hours.

Sampler calibrated for a 50-mL aliquot.

28

Composite Sample Retrieval

•24-hour Composite•Hours of Operation •Batch

29

Chain-of-Custody Documentation

30

31

Analyte and Sample Tracking Record

32

Monthly Sampling Schedule Example

Sp

lit

Company Name Address

Ho

urs

of

Op

Ne

ed

s R

ain

Liq

uid

L

evel

Sp

ecia

l In

stru

ctio

n

Ajinomoto Frozen Foods U.S.A., Inc 7124 N. Marine Dr. 1A C-EY American Linen Corporation 1441 N. Columbia Blvd. 1A C-E

Auto Warehousing Co (Port Services)7520 N. Marine Dr. 1A G-sa, q 2Y Baker Commodities,Co. Inc. 9901 N. Hurst Ave. 1A G-q C-E

Borden Chemical Company 10915 N. Lombard 1A G-m C-E 2Darling International, Inc. (Darling Delaware)9902 N. Hurst Ave. 1B G-m C-EDel Monte Fresh Produce 9243 N. Rivergate Blvd. 1A G-q C-E

Y Fuel Processors 4150 N. Suttle Road 1A G-q C-mJefferson Smurfit Company 12005 N. Burgard Rd. 1A C-EPurdy Corp. 13201 N. Lombard 1A G-sa C-sa 2Steinfeld's Products Co. 10001 N. Rivergate Blvd. 2A C-E, G-saUnion Pacific Railroad Railroad Co. 2525 N. Larrabee St. 1A G-sa 2Widmer Brewing Co. 929 N. Russell St. 1A G-m, C-m

Amalgamated Sugar Co. 2600 N.E. Columbia Blvd. 1A C-E 2 2 Coca Cola Bottling Co. 2710 N.E. Davis St. 1A G-q C-q,m 2

Franz Bakery 340 N.E. 11th Ave. 1A G-m

33

Sample Relinquishing

• Relinquish samples and chain-of-custody log to sample custodian

• Drift check pH meters

• Discard or wash used equipment

• Wash hands!

Common Problems & Solutions

35

Problematic Sampling Conditions

• Combined wastestreams

• High solids content

• Stagnant water

• Very low flow

• Deep manholes

• Batch dischargers

36

Combined Waste / High Solids Sanitary waste in same line as process waste

Low-profile sample head for combined wastewater

37

Stagnant Water in Vaults Floating fat layer in a stagnant vault and sediment buildup on the bottom

Secure tubing below fat layer and above sediment on floor of vault

38

Low Level, High Velocity Flow

Low level sample head, secured from above

39

Deep Manholes

Sampling at depths > 20 feet can exceed the capacity of the peristaltic pump to draw sample

Must sometimes lower sampler down into bottom of manhole, hang halfway, or suspend on platform

40

“Pressurized” Line Modify setup and tap into the line for a composite

41

Bucket Improv Method (BIM)

Spigot overflows into bucket

42

Batch / Intermittent Discharge

• Use a liquid level trigger (flow actuator)• More frequent aliquots collected (e.g., every 5

minutes instead of 30 minutes)• Coordination with the industry

43

Communication Issues• Designate an industrial on-site

contact• Be proactive in setting up batch

discharge sampling events• More communication with industry

can facilitate better sampling points • Having a PM and an independent

sampling crew can cause miscommunication

44