Industrial RevolutionIn England

Long Range Causes Agricultural Revolution Population Increase Strong stable governments

Immediate Causes New Inventions Large pool of workers

New Sources of Energy: Coal & Steam

Access to raw materials & investment capital

Existence of Markets Laissez-faire economy

Agricultural Revolution Enclosure movement

Jethro Tull Seed Drill

Charles Turnip Townshend

Crop rotation

Inventions

Spinning Jenny

James Hargreaves

Flying Shuttle

John Kay Moved more quickly across loom

Wider fabric more quickly

Power Loom

Edmund Cartwright

Ran on horse, water, steam

Cotton Gin Eli Whitney Cleaned cotton faster Increase demand raw cotton

Steam Engine James Watt Power factories Run continuously away from water

Coal Mining

Railroad Richard

Trevithick Locomotive

that ran on rails

National and global trade network

Internal-combustion Engine

Gottlieb Daimler

Gas powered boats & other vehicles

New forms of transportation—car & airplane

Telephone

Alexander Graham Bell Electrical wires transmit voices over long distances

Instant communication

Lightbulb Thomas

Edison Electric light Bright,

inexpensive, safe lighting

Immediate Effects Rise of Factories New Methods of

Production Changes in

Transportation & Communication

Urbanization: Rapid growth of cities

Rise of Urban Working Class Use of child labor

Long Range Effects Growth of Labor

Unions Increased Pollution

Inexpensive new products

Rise of Big Business Expansion of Middle

Class Competition for

World Trade

Growth of Democracy Rise of Socialism

Realism in Literature & Art

•Charles Dickens•Victor Hugo•Leo Tolstoy