Industrial Revolution and Jacksonian America

Economic Nationalism

• Financial System: Second Bank of US establishes national currency and expands credit.

• Protective Tariff: helps manufacturers.• Transportation: expansion of canals and

roads.

Industrial Revolution • Industrial Revolution- ongoing effort over

many decades to increase production by using machines instead of human or animal power– Why Industrial Revolution? Population is growing

• Began in Great Britain. Samuel Slater brings Revolution to America by building water powered textile mill – Water powers tools, making it possible to make

clothes faster and cheaper

The Cotton Gin • Textile Mills are

speeding up production, but they need cotton coming in

• Eli Whitney invents machine that separates cotton seeds from the cotton fiber – Cotton production

skyrockets

Cotton Gin and the Civil War

• After Cotton Gin…– Southerners look for places to grow cotton

• Era of territorial expansion begins• Planters settle in Alabama, Mississippi, and (Mexican

controlled) Texas- Planters bring more enslaved Africans • Number of slaves doubles from 1790-1820. Not there are

1.5 million• Cotton Gin reinforces idea that slavery isn’t going

anywhere

Sectionalism widens

• Sectionalism- loyalty to your section of the country

• North- Industrializing • South- Devoted completely to farming

Election of 1824• Jackson wins electoral votes and popular

votes. Adams comes in second Clay (Speaker of House) comes in last

• No Candidate gets 51% of total electoral votes

• Election goes to House• “Corrupt Bargain” puts Quincy Adams in

White House– Corrupt Bargain=

Election of 1828

• Jackson vs. Quincy Adams• First race when the Democrats

(Jackson) face the Republicans (Quincy Adams)---Republicans will eventually become the Whig Party

Election of 1828• Jackson against Quincy

Adams• Republican (Adams)

– Major role for Fed. Govt– Northern upper class

• Democrat (Jackson)– Small role for fed. Govt– Southern common men– Slaveholders

Jackson- “Dance with the girl who brought you”

• Jackson able to beat Adams because many states allow non-property owning White males to vote for first time in 1828– They all vote for Jackson. – Jackson never forgets their support, and

his roots

Jackson’s inauguration

Andrew Jackson

• Enemy of Native Americans (Seminole War)

• Enemy of British (only President to have fought in two Wars- Revolutionary War and War of 1812)

• Defender of common man– Hates National Bank

Jackson’s Indian Policy • After invention of Cotton Gin, Southern

farmers want to expand into Native American land in Florida, Alabama, and Mississippi

• 1829- Gold found in Georgia- Whites flood into Indian land

• Jackson firm believer in Manifest Destiny– Belief that it is the destiny/pre-decided outcome for

all Americans to control all the land in between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans

– Jackson’s goal is to get US to Pacific, it won’t happen until James K. Polk is in office 4 Presidents later

Jackson’s Indian policies (cont)

• 1830- Congress passes Indian Removal Act– Indians move west into land from LA. Purchase– Most Indians go

• “Five Civilized Tribes” refuse to move– Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, and

Seminoles – Jackson sends troops to remove them with force– Proves the theory that Natives were not all united– Had distinct cultures which arose from local

climate and terrain

Cherokee resistance • Cherokee situation different than most

– Almost fully assimilated into White culture• Cherokees bring their case to US Supreme

Court through a missionary – Supreme Court agrees that Cherokees can stay.– Jackson defies Court, sends troops to remove

them anyway • 15,000 Cherokees march for 116 days to Oklahoma• 1 out of every 4 died• Troops ordered not to let Indians rest. • Became known as “Trail of Tears”

Trail of Tears

Jackson’s administration remembered for 3 things

• The Spoils system- Jackson giving his friends/supports governmental jobs

• The Banking War- Jackson believed Bank only helped rich/well born. Tried to block it’s re-charter

• Indian Removal

Jackson’s legacy

• Accomplishes more (for better or worse) than any President until Lincoln– Position of President is powerful

• Dedicated his time in office to helping “common man” – Makes sure they can vote (power)

• 27% vote in 1820. 80% vote in 1840– Gives them jobs– Leaves women, slaves, and Indians behind