Industrial Revolutionaka

Market Revolution

Changes in production of goods revolutionize (significantly change) our standard of living, the way (& the where) we live & how we work.

1793-1860

Began in Britain, early 1700s New manufacturing

processes: from hand to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, improved efficiency of water power, the increasing use of steam power and development of machine tools, from wood to coal.

“Slater the Traitor” memorized factory mill

design and emigrated to the U.S.

Effects of the Market Revolution

Rapid Urbanization in the north

People move to cities to work in factories

Increased standard of living (age labor)

Gender roles (“Cult of Domesticity”)

Increased dependence on slave labor

Increased division between North & South

U.S. Industrialization, 1800s Began in New EnglandWhy? Farming was difficult Rushing rivers provided

water power Close to coal & iron

resources and ports An economic system

which encouraged growth & competition (CAPITALISM)

Large labor force (immigrants from Europe, i.e. Ireland)

New England factories: TEXTILE

Factory system -> increased efficiency of manufacturing goods, difficult working conditions

Interchangeable parts depended on less skilled labor & made repairs easier -> mass production

Wage labor -> increased standard of living Urbanization -> rapid population & resulting

problems (pollution, housing shortages, sanitation)

Western agriculture Steel plow replaces wooden plow -> till

soil faster & cheaper Mechanical mower-reaper quintupled

the efficiency of wheat farming

$$$ For the 1st time, farmers could transport crop surpluses to the Northeast

What were some consequences of agricultural advances?cheaper and more available food more profits for farmers

South: King Cotton dominates

Cotton gin required enormous amounts of land (westward expansion) & slave labor (the peculiar institution)

Connecting the regions The Erie canal (1825) linked

western farmers with eastern manufacturers

Steamboats (1807) permitted fast 2 way traffic on waterways

Railroads (1850s) were mostly in the North

the Telegraph (1835) enabled rapid communication

Federal funds built roads to connect the west with the east