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Industrial Hygiene 101: Understand the Fundamentals and

Improve Your EHS Program

Monday, May 13, 2013 1:30 p.m. to 3:00 p.m. Eastern

12:30 p.m. to 2:00 p.m. Central 11:30 a.m. to 1:00 p.m. Mountain 10:30 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. Pacific

Presented by:

Kevin Slates

Ed.D., MPA, BS, CSP Indiana University

This webinar qualifies for Continuance of Certification (COC) credit. CSPs will earn 0.075 COC points for

attending this webinar.

Industrial Hygiene 101: Understand the Fundamentals and

Improve Your EHS ProgramPresented by:

Kevin Slates Ed.D., MPA, BS, CSP

May 13, 2013

INTRODUCTIONS

• Kevin Slates, Ed.D., MPA, BS, CSP

• Indiana University Clinical Assistant Professor

• kslates@indiana.edu

• Kentucky Occupational Health Program

Which Industry Do You Work In?ManufacturingTransportationWarehouse and distributionEducationGovernmentOil and gasHealthcareLoss controlBiotechChemical processing

Does Your Job Function Involve Industrial Hygiene, Safety or Environmental ?

TechnicianSpecialistSupervisorConsultantManager DirectorCorporate

Development, implementation, evaluation or policies, and programs

Determine effectiveness

Learning Objectives1. Describe ways to improve your EHS system2. Identify major government agencies,

regulations related to industrial hygiene3. Discuss major occupational exposure limits4. Identify methods to assess health related

hazards5. Describe methods and strategies to control

industrial hygiene related hazards

The Industrial Hygienist is concerned with the identification, evaluation, and control of environmental workplace stressors such as physical, chemical and biological hazards.

• Industrial hygiene is both an art and science

How Many Work Related Deaths Occurred in the U.S. (2012)A. 10,000B. 3,000C. 4,600D. 1,500

• Source: BLS

How Many Occupational Health related Deaths Occurred in the 2012?

A. 3,000B. 10,000C. 7,000D. 50,000

Under reporting

Source: CDC

Integrate Industrial Hygiene Into Your EHS System• Engineering• Quality• Data management• Product life cycle • Training • Compliance • Hazard tracking system• Management commitment

Hazard Assessment Techniques• Job Hazard Analysis

JHA• Fault Tree Analysis

FTA• Energy trace barrier

analysis ETBA

• Preliminary Hazard Assessment PHA

• Management Oversight Risk Tree MORT

• Failure Mode Effect Analysis FMEA

Accident Causation

Operational

Behavioral

Cultural

Product or Process Life Cycle (Slates, 2011)

• .design

OperationalWear out

Concepts

Closed Loop Hazard Tracking System (Slates, 2011)

Hazard Identification

Hazard Control

Reevaluate Control

Effectiveness

Communicate to Employees

Regulatory Agencies & Organizations1. OSHA Act 19702. American Conference of governmental

Industrial Hygienists 19683. OSHA promulgates and enforces regulations4. NIOSH conducts research 5. OSHRC adjudicate and interprets regulations6. General Duty Clause 5 (a) 1.

Many OSHA standards were adopted from National Consensus StandardsANSIACGIHNFPA

Occupational Exposure limitsOSHA permissible exposure limits PELs were adopted from ACGIH 1968 TLVs

ACGIH TVLs and OSHA PELs are based on 8 hr day 40 hour week

Short term exposure 15 minutes

Ceiling level instantaneous exposure measurement

Air Contaminates & Toxic Substances• 29 CFR 1910.1000• Asbestos• Lead• Benzene• Carbon monoxide• Cadmium• Hexavalent chrome• Acetone• Formaldehyde

8 TWA CalculationTwo hours exposure at 150 ppmTwo hours exposure at 75 ppmFour hours exposure at 50 ppm

Substituting this information in the formula, we have

(2×150 + 2×75 + 4×50)÷8 = 81.25 ppm

Since 81.25 ppm is less than 100 ppm, the 8-hour time weighted average limit, the exposure is acceptable.

Exposure Limits Considerations• Are OSHA exposure limits updated annually?• Will OSHA exposure limits protect 100% of the

working population exposed?• ACGIH TLVs are updated annually• Exposure limits do not take into account the

synergetic effects of the exposure to multiple chemicals

Understanding human health

• Why is it important to have a basic understanding of the various components of the human anatomy?

• Usually the industrial hygienist is concerned with the evaluation of the problem from the heath perspective.

Health Related StandardsNoise and hearing conservationProcess safety managementBloodborne pathogensRespiratory protectionLaboratory safetyIndoor air qualityPersonal protective equipmentErgonomicsConfined spaceFlammable and combustible substances

Types of Air ContaminatesFumeMistsVaporDustSmoke gases

Routes of entryWhat are the 3 major routes of employee exposure?

1. Inhalation2. Absorption3. Ingestion

Globally Harmonized SystemRevision of the current hazard communication standard 29 CFR 1910.1200

Should improve comprehensibility and facilitate compliance

Major Change in ApproachLabeling provisions are the biggest difference between HCS and GHS

Specific approach will require all labels to be modified to comply

GHS Workshop, 10/20/2006

GHS Workshop, 10/20/2006

Safety Data SheetsHCS allows any order of informationConsistent with industry approaches in ANSI and ISOShould improve comprehensibility and help with issues regarding accuracy of the information

Hazard Warning Labels: HMIS & NFPA

Dose Response Curve

Health Effects Organs1. Acute2. Sub chronic3. Chronic

1. The respiratory system

2. The skin3. The ear

Inhalation Health Hazards• Welding fumes• Asbestosis• Biological• Benzene• Coal dust• solvent vapors• Formaldehyde• Carbon monoxide• Lead• Arsenic

• Lung disease• Silicosis• Asbestosis• Metal fume fever• Bronchitis• Asthma• Emphysema• Cancer

Major section of the Lungs1. Nasal pharyngeal2. Bronchial3. Pulmonary

alveoli

The Ear• Decibel• 90 dba PEL• 85 dba Action

level

Noise Evaluation Methods1. Sound level meter2. Dosimeter3. Octave band

analyzer

Understanding radiationRadiation is a form of energy

• All forms of radiation exist as a phenomenon known as electromagnetic spectrum

• Please note that the shorter the wavelength the more ionizing the radiation becomes

Radiation• Radiation is a means of propagating energy.• Type types• Ionizing radiation > 10 electron volts• Non ionization radiation• Lasers• Alpha• Beta• X rays

Control• Distance• Shielding• Radio active decay (time)

Bloodborne pathogens standard1910.10301. Engineering controls2. Work practices

controls3. PPE4. Labeling

requirements5. Employee training

and education6. Needle stick

prevention

PPE 1910.132 General Requirements• Personal protective equipment PPE

hazard assessment • Eyes• Face• Hand• PPE certification

What is Meant by the Term Permeation Rate?

Permeation rate is the rate at which the chemical will move through the material

As a rule of thumb, the denser the materials the lower the dexterity.

15% of the population is allergic to latex

Lab Hazards• Flammable and combustibles• Toxic and hazardous substances

Heavy metalsVOCs

• Fire prevention• Explosions• Spill prevention• Fume hood capture velocities• Emergency action plan• Chemical storage• PPE• Compressed gas cylinders

Chemical Hygiene PlanMore than 500,000 workers are employed in laboratories in the U.S. The laboratory environment can be a hazardous place to work.

Laboratory workers are exposed to numerous potential hazards including chemical, biological, physical and radioactive hazards, as well as musculoskeletal stresses.

Personal Air Monitoring CarcinogensMutagensTeratogensChemical standards

Do Quality Control Labs Have to Comply with the CHP?

• Laboratories that conduct research and development and related analytical work are subject to the requirements of the Laboratory Standard

What is a Laboratory• Laboratory means a

facility where the "laboratory use of hazardous chemicals" occurs. It is a workplace where relatively small quantities of hazardous chemicals are used on a non-production basis

What is a CHP• The CHP is a written program stating the

policies, procedures and responsibilities that protect workers from the health hazards associated with the hazardous chemicals used in that particular workplace

1910.1450How often should employers review and evaluate the effectiveness of the CHP?

Written Policies and Procedures1. Use of containment devices such as fume

hoods.2. Procedures for removal of contaminated waste.3. Decontamination procedures.4. Spill prevention procedures

Who Often Should Showers be Tested?

• Although the term "routine" does not indicate a specific frequency, it does mean that the inspections should be performed at regular intervals which are determined by someone familiar with the equipment and the work environment.

Respiratory protection 1910.134• Types of respirators air purifying and air

supplying• Major elements of a respiratory program

Program administratorInitial monitoringMedical evaluationRespiratory selectionFit testingCare, maintenance and useTrainingProgram evaluation

Fume Hood Safety

• A laboratory fume hood is a three-sided enclosure with an adjustable front opening. It is designed to capture, contain, and exhaust hazardous fumes generated inside its enclosure.

• ANSINFPA

• ACGIH• ASHRAE

Fume Hood RequirementsA laboratory fume hood is a three-sided enclosure with an adjustable front opening.

It is designed to capture, contain, and exhaust hazardous fumes generated inside its enclosure.

Inspection

Filters, negative pressureASHRAE 110-1995

ANSI Z9.5-1992 Sect 5

Air velocity at the hood face must average 100 -120 linear feet per minute

Sampling Methodology• Chemical exposure limits• Chemical or substance health effects• Analytical methods• OSHA and NIOSH sampling

methodologiesMediaAir sampling equipmentFlow rates and volumes

Air Sampling and Monitoring

3 Types of Sampling1. Short term: hand

held sampling pumps, direct reading instruments, and colorimetric tubes

2. Long term: personal sampling pumps, long term, tubes and filters

3. Passive samplers: indicator badges

Short Term Sampling• Used to establish a short

term or snap shot assessment of the level of air contamination at the time the sample was taken.

• Measures contamination levels only at the time and location they were taken and do no provide a comprehensive analysis of the true exposure risk for the overall environment.

Long Term Sampling• Continuous long term

sampling can be conducted using portable battery operated sampling pumps.

• Sampling pumps draw air thru sampling media at a continuous rate for a set period of time that may be eight hours or more.

Long Term Sampling

• Once the sampling is complete the collected sample can be examined under laboratory conditions.

• The laboratory will analyze the trapped material on the media and determine concentration and employee exposure can be calculated based on an 8 hour work shift.

Passive Sampling3. Passive samplers:

indicator badges are worn by employees in the work area. These badges, known as passive samplers, either change color on exposure to a particular substance or can be subsequently analyzed in a laboratory.

Accuracy + 25%

Diffusion

Challenges & RecommendationsWhat role does organizational safety culture playNano technologyResearch funding sourcesAccountabilityWritten protocolsDocument and conduct formal trainingDocument and communicate near missesDo not relay on chemical manufactures recommendations. Make site specific requirements for the use of chemicals

Thank You!Thank you for participating in the Understanding Industrial Hygiene 101 Webinar.

Contact: Kevin Slates, Ed.D., CSPAssistant ProfessorKslates@indiana.edu(812) 856-3766

References• Requited text: Vincoli, W. Jeffery, Basic Guide to Industrial Hygiene,

John Willey & Sons, Inc.: Toronto, 1995.

• http://www.iub.edu/~osh/index.html IU industrial hygiene laboratory. Retrieved June 26, 2012.

• www.osha.gov retrieved May 2012

• http://www.csb.gov/videoroom/detail.aspx?VID=61 Chemical Safety Board case study video retrieved June 12, 2012.

Questions

Disclaimers

*This webinar is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information about the subject matter covered. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting, or other professional services. *This webinar provides general information only and does not constitute legal advice. No attorney-client relationship has been created. If legal advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. We recommend that you consult with qualified local counsel familiar with your specific situation before taking any action.

Kevin Slates, Ed.D., MPA, BS, CSP is a Clinical Assistant Professor in the department of Applied Health Science at Indiana University. He is also Director of the Industrial hygiene lab at the university. He teaches graduate and undergraduate courses safety, industrial hygiene and

environmental health. His research interests include program evaluation, EHS management systems, safety culture, health disparities and exposure assessment. Slates’ experience includes working for the Kentucky Occupational Safety Health Program and the Environmental Public Protection Cabinet as a manager, consultant and inspector. His dissertation examined safety performance metrics and government VPP partnership programs. Slates holds a B.S. in Biology and Chemistry from Eastern Kentucky University, a M.P.A, in Public Administration from Kentucky State University and Doctorate in Education from Spalding University. He is a Certified Safety Professional and authorized OSHA outreach general industry and construction trainer. He is also an active member of AIHA and ASSE.

Kevin Slates

Speaker Biography