CASE STUDY: ECE 131TOPIC:- Various electronic equipments used at any

industry

Electronic Devices In Industries Following Device I

found in industry:- 1. Thyristors 2. Data Loggers 3. Vacuum Tubes 4.Induction

Furnace with temperature sensor

Thyristor is a device of four layers of alternating P and N type material due to which it consist of 3 junction and three terminal Anode(A), Cathode(K) and Gate(G).

When VAK is applied in forward than junction j1, j3 in forward bias but the j2 is in the reverse bias that’s why no conduction but if VAK is so large that cause avalanche breakdown at j2 the thyristor keep on conducting until either the voltage is removed or current goes below holding current.

If we apply some voltage at gate then the depletion layer at j2 will decrease and avalanche breakdown is achieved quickly. That’s why gate is also called control terminal.

Thyristor

Characteristic Graph Of Thyristor

When IG is 0 then to start conduction we need more input.

>0 The input needed to make thyristor on is less and much lesser if IG is much greater than 0.

On getting ON once the thyristor keep on conducting until the VAK

is removed or the current become less than holding current.

Application The thyristors are used in the devices from

calculator to computer. The thyristor act as switch.

It is capable of handling high powers. So, they are used as supply controllers also.

They are also used as the rectifiers.

Data Loggers These are devices that are used to

record data of different quantities. They have a sensor connected to microcontroller further connected to tact switches and serial interface.

The tact switches make data logger to start, stop and send/reset data in data logger. There another function is to set sampling time.

The sensor collects data and transmit it to the microcontroller which stores it in its ROM, generally EEPROM.

To read data we connect it to computer using serial interface and with help of software we read them.

The Circuit Diagram Of Temperature Data Logger

ApplicationsThe data logger is used to record

data.It is used in industrial electric

ovens to record it temperature. It is also used to measure and

record the data about wind speed, temperature, humidity and many other factors.

It is also used in satellites to record temperature at other planets.

VACUUM TUBES It can be called as diode

which consist of Anode, Cathode and heater near cathode. This whole thing is enclosed within a tube that can be of a glass.

When heater heated the cathode the electrons from cathode ejects due photoelectric effect. Then these electrons travel through the tube and collected at anode. This is how thermionic emission take place in vacuum tubes.

With Grid Triode

The tube in previous slide is without grid but if we have grid in between anode and cathode the flow of electron through tube can be controlled by voltage in the grid.

Application

Before the era of solid state devices we use these tube.

Now they do not have much use but in amplifiers in the musical instruments we are still using them.

INDUCTION FURNACE WITH TEMPERATURE SENSOR Induction furnace has a non

conductive crucible which holds the charge of the metal to be melted. It consists of a coil.

when the current flows through coil then it generates the reverse magnetic field which induces eddy currents in the metal by the application of electromagnetic induction.

This current heat up the material by joule heating.

1-Melt, 2-Coil, 3-Yoke, 4-Crucible

Temperature Sensor

It has thermocouple which convert the heat generated into electrical signal and it is transmitted to the microcontroller from where the data is transmitted to other circuits.

ApplicationInduction furnace is used to melt

rods etc and it is very eco friendly method.

Temperature sensors are accurate and now they are part of devices like induction furnace.

THANK YOUMADE BY:-VINEET PANWARREG NO.:-11503977SECTION:-K1508 GROUP:-G2ROLL NO.:- 37