industrial crushers

8/13/2019 Industrial Crushers

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Introduction to Industrial Crushers

A crusher is a machine designed to reduce large iron ore into smaller rocks, gravel,

or rock dust. Crushers may be used to reduce the size, or change the form, of waste materials so

they can be more easily disposed of or recycled, or to reduce the size of a solid mix of raw

materials (as in iron ore), so that pieces of different composition can be differentiated.Crushing is the process of transferring a force amplified by

mechanical advantage through a material made of molecules that bond together more strongly,and resist deformation more, than those in the material being crushed do. Crushing devices hold

material between two parallel or tangent solid surfaces, and apply sufficient force to bring the

surfaces together to generate enough energy within the material being crushed so that itsmolecules separate from (fracturing), or change alignment in relation to (deformation), each

other.

Application of Crushers

Crusher plants are widely used for the following industries and sectors:

Agro Based industries

Animal (Cattle) Feed plants

Ayurvedic and Herbal plants

Cement plants

Ceramic Plant

Chemical Industries

Coconut Shell Plant

Dal Mills

Salt Plant Mines and Minerals

Mini Cement Plants

Plaster of Paris Plant

Poultry Feed Plant

Quarry Plant

Refractory Plant

Stone quarry

Types of crushers:-

1. Jaw crusher

Introduction:- A jaw crusher uses compressive force for breaking of particle. This mechanical

pressure is achieved by the two jaws of the crusher of which one is fixed while the other

reciprocates. A jaw or toggle crusher consists of a set of vertical jaws, one jaw is kept stationaryand is called as fixed jaw while the other jaw, called as swing jaw, moves back and forth relative



to it, by a cam or pitman mechanism . Application of Jaw Crusher is one of the most

popular stone crusher in the world, Jaw Crusher is ideally suitable for primary andsecondary crushing. The highest anti-pressure strength of crushed material is 320MPa. It is

widely used in mining, metallurgy, construction, highway, railroad, and chemistry industriesand etc. Many models are available according to your different fineness requirements.

Working principle:

Its working principle is: Motor drives belt and belt pulley, makes moving jaw up and down

through eccentric shaft. When the moving jaw is up, the angle between lining plate andmoving jaw becomes large, and this will push moving jaw plate close to the fixed jaw plate.

During this process, the material is crushed and ground, thus the crushing will be done.When the moving jaw is down, the angle between lining plate and moving jaw becomes

small, the moving jaw plate will leave the fixed jaw plate on account of the effect of pullingbar and spring, and then the crushed material will be discharged from the lower opening of

the crushing room. With the motor continuously rotating and the material periodically

crushed and discharged by the crusher, the mass production can be realized

Jaw crushers are classified on the basis of the position of the pivoting of the swing jaw1. Blake crusher-the swing jaw is fixed at the upper position

2. Dodge crusher-the swing jaw is fixed at the lower position

3. Universal crusher-the swing jaw is fixed at an intermediate position

2. Gyratory crusher:-A gyratory crusher is similar in basic concept to a jaw crusher,

consisting of a concave surface and a conical head; both surfaces are typically lined with

manganese steel surfaces. The inner cone has a slight circular movement, but does not rotate; the

movement is generated by an eccentric arrangement. As with the jaw crusher, material travelsdownward between the two surfaces being progressively crushed until it is small enough to fall

out through the gap between the two surfaces.A gyratory crusher is one of the main types of primary crushers in a mine or ore processing

plant. Gyratory crushers are designated in size either by the gape and mantle diameter or by the

size of the receiving opening. Gyratory crushers can be used for primary or secondary crushing.

The crushing action is caused by the closing of the gap between the mantle line (movable)mounted on the central vertical spindle and the concave liners (fixed) mounted on the main

frame of the crusher. The gap is opened and closed by an eccentric on the bottom of the spindle

that causes the central vertical spindle to gyrate.

3. Cone crusher

Introduction:A cone crusher is similar in operation to a gyratory crusher, with less steepness in the crushingchamber and more of a parallel zone between crushing zones. A cone crusher is suitable for

crushing a variety of mid-hard and above mid-hard ores and rocks.

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Working principle:-

A cone crusher breaks rock by squeezing the rock between an eccentrically gyrating spindle,which is covered by a wear resistant mantle, and the enclosing concave hopper, covered by a

manganese concave or a bowl liner. As rock enters the top of the cone crusher, it becomes

wedged and squeezed between the mantle and the bowl liner or concave. Large pieces of ore are broken once, and then fall to a lower position (because they are now smaller) where they are broken again. This process continues until the pieces are small enough to fall through the narrow

opening at the bottom of the crusher.

Advantage

1. Reliable construction,

2. High productivity,

3. Easy adjustment and4. Lower operational costs.

The spring release system of a cone crusher acts an overload protection that allows tramp to passthrough the crushing chamber without damage to the crusher.

5. Impact crusher

Introduction:-Impact crushers involve the use of impact rather than pressure to crush

material. Impact Crushers are used in both primary and secondary crushing applications of

aggregate, and in recycle crushing of reinforced concrete, asphalt and other construction and debris.

VIPEAK is a reliable supplier of Impact Crusher with new design.

Working principle:When the Impact Crusher works, the motor drives the rotor rotate of

the Impact Crusher with high speed, on the rotor where installed the hammers. When the materials

get into the area which the hammers affect, under the impact function of the hammer at a high speed,the materials are thrown to the impact device above the rotor continuously. And then the materialsare rebounded from the impact liner to the area where the hammers effects for being re-crushed. Thematerials from large to small all to be crushed at the impact chamber repeatedly. The process won'tstop till the material are crushed to the required size and then discharged from outlet of the ImpactCrusher.

Characteristics of Impact Crusher:Excellent cubic final products

Special structureNon-key connectionHigh chrome hammerDurability in long time simplicity in operationEasy adjustment, high reduction rationGood performance and high reliability

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There are two types of impact crushers:

1. Horizontal shaft impactor (HSI) / Hammer millThe HSI crushers break rock by impacting the rock with hammers that are

fixed upon the outer edge of a spinning rotor. HSI machines are sold in Stationary, trailer

mounted and crawler mounted configurations. HSI's are used in recycling, hard rock and softmaterials. In earlier years the practical use of HSI crushers is limited to soft materials andnonabrasive materials, such as limestone, phosphate, gypsum, weathered shales, however

improvements in metallurgy has changed the application of these machines.

2. Vertical shaft impactor (VSI)

VSI crushers use a different approach involving a high speed rotor with

wear resistant tips and a crushing chamber designed to 'throw' the rock against. The VSI crushers

utilize velocity rather than surface force as the predominant force to break rock. In its naturalstate, rock has a jagged and uneven surface. Applying surface force (pressure) results in

unpredictable and typically non-cubical resulting particles. Utilizing velocity rather than surface

force allows the breaking force to be applied evenly both across the surface of the rock as well asthrough the mass of the rock. Rock, regardless of size, has natural fissures (faults) throughout its

structure. As rock is 'thrown' by a VSI Rotor against a solid anvil, it fractures and breaks along

these fissures. Final particle size can be controlled by 1) the velocity at which the rock is thrown

against the anvil and 2) the distance between the end of the rotor and the impact point on theanvil. The product resulting from VSI Crushing is generally of a consistent cubical shape such as

that required by modern SUPERPAVE highway asphalt applications. Using this method also

allows materials with much higher abrasiveness to be crushed than is capable with an HSI andmost other crushing methods. VSI crushers generally utilize a high speed spinning rotor at the

center of the crushing chamber and an outer impact surface of either abrasive resistant metal

anvils or crushed rock. Utilizing cast metal surfaces 'anvils' is traditionally referred to as a "Shoe

and Anvil VSI". Utilizing crushed rock on the outer walls of the crusher for new rock to becrushed against is traditionally referred to as "rock on rock VSI". VSI crushers can be used in

tatic plant set-up or in mobile tracked equipment.

industrial crushers

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