industrial automation using cell phone progress
TRANSCRIPT
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ON
USING
SUBMITTED BY: PROJECT TEAM:
GROUP No. : I-2 PROJECT GUIDE:
ELECTRONICS & INSTRUMENTATION Mr. SANTOSH DUBEY
7thSEMESTER PROJECT MEMBERS:
1-DEEPAK RANJAN SINGH0701032015
2-GHANSHYAM0701032020
3-SATISH JOSHI - 0701032043
4-SHASHANK TIWARY0701032050
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INDEX
OBJECTIVE
INTRODUCTION
ABOUT THE POROJECT
TECHNOLOGY USED (DTMF SIGNALLING)
BLOCK DIAGRAM
MAIN CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
COMPONENT LIST WITH SPECIFICATION
MICROCONTROLLER(AT89C52C)
POWER SUPPLY
RELAY UNIT(SPDT)
DTMF(MT8870D/MT8870D-1)
VOICE RECORDING/PLAYBACK DEVICE(APR9600)
WORKING
APPLICATION
ADVANTAGE
DISADVANTAGE
FUTURE ADVANCEMENT
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OBJECTIVE: INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION USING CELLPHONE.
INTRODUCTION: -In the present world of wireless technology everything is goingto be digital and wireless, and the cell phone is the key player in wireless technology today.
Industrial Automation is a field that requires a vast involvement in the safety and the security
aspects. The intensity towards this concept may vary according to the nature of the industry.
For industries that involve heavy and sophisticated installations such that of a chemical plant
etc, the security feature must be more intense as compared to less complicated industrial
plants. In any chemical plant Industrial automation not only helps in the efficient working of
the plant, but also the safety of the workers and the installations involved. In the proposeddesign, if any of these values exceeds beyond a particular limit, then immediately the entire
system will be shut down ensuring that any further damages are blocked.
Automation plays an important role in world economy and in daily experience. Engineers
combine automated devices with mathematical and organizational tools to create complex for
a rapidly expanding range of application and human activities. Human machine interface
(HMI) or computer interface (CHI),formerly known as man machine interface are usually
employed to communicate with PLCS and other computers, such as entering and monitoring
temperature or pressure for further automated control or emergency response. Service
personnel who monitor and control these interfaces are often referred to as manufacturing
environments; these roles are called operators or variations on this.
And today technology made the possessing of a mobile, considered as a basic commodity and
the trends in wireless technology changing day-by-day and today the working is going on
how to develop remote devices without the presence of man and to reduce to the time factor
and labor, and our project belongs to that race and by using it we can control any electronic
devices through a touch cell phone, with one Call.
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ABOUT THE POROJECT
In this project, the electronic devices are controlled by a mobile phone that makes a call to themobile phone attached to the devices. In the course of a call, if any button is pressed, a tone
corresponding to the button pressed is heard at the other end of the call. This tone is called
dual-tone multiple-frequency (DTMF) tone. The devices perceive this DTMF tone to
perform required changes for controlling various parameters of the industry.
The received tone is processed by the ATmega16microcontroller with the help of DTMF
decoder MT8870. The decoder decodes the DTMF tone into its equivalent binary digit and
this binary number is sent to the microcontroller.The microcontroller is pre programmed to
take a decision for any given input and outputs its decision to devices in order to control the
dc motor & cooling fan. The mobile that makes a call acts as a remote. So this simpleautomation project does not require the construction of receiver and transmitter units.
DTMF signalling is used for telephone signalling over the line in the voice frequency band to
the call switching centre. The version of DTMF used for telephone tone dialling is known as
Touch-Tone.
DTMF assigns a specific frequency (consisting of two separate tones) to each key so that it
can easily be identified by the electronic circuit. The signal generated by the DTMF encoder
is a direct algebraic summation, in real time, of the amplitudes of two sine (cosine) waves of
different frequencies, i.e., pressing 5 will send a tone made by adding 1336 Hz and 770 Hz
to the other end of the mobile phone.
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TECHNOLOGY USED
Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency (DTMF):- Dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF)signaling is used for telecommunication signaling over analog telephone lines in the voice-
frequency band between telephone handsets and other communications devices and the
switching center. The version of DTMF used for telephone tone dialing is known by the
trademarked term Touch-Tone (canceled March 13, 1984) and is standardized by ITU-T
Recommendation Q.23. It is also known in the UK as MF4. Other multi-frequency systems
are used for signaling internal to the telephone network.
As a method of in-band signaling, DTMF tones were also used by cable televisionbroadcasters to indicate the start and stop times of local commercial insertion points during
station breaks for the benefit of cable companies. Until better out-of -band signaling
equipment was developed in the 1990s, fast, unacknowledged, and loud DTMF tone
sequences could be heard during the commercial breaks of cable channels in the United
States and elsewhere.
Telephone Keypad
The contemporary keypad is laid out in a 3x4 grid, although the original DTMF keypad had
an additional column for four now-defunct menu selector keys. When used to dial a telephone
number, pressing a single key will produce a pitch consisting of two simultaneous pure tone
sinusoidal frequencies.The row in which the key appears determines the low frequency, and
the column determines the high frequency. For example, pressing the! 1! Key will result in a
sound composed of both a 697 and a 1209 hertz (Hz) tone. The original keypads had levers
inside, so each button activated two contacts. The multiple tones are the reason for calling the
system multi frequency.These tones are then decoded by the switching center to determinewhich key was pressed.
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A DTMF Telephone Keypad
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BLOCK DIAGRAM OF CIRCUIT
DISCRIPTION: - As shown in the above block diagram, first block is the cell phone .so,it acts as a DTMF generator with tone depending upon key pressed. DTMF Decoder, i.e., IC
CM8870 decodes the received tone & gives binary equivalent of it to the microcontroller.
The controller is programmed such that appropriate output is given to relay which will drive
the DC Motor & cooling fan. APR9600 provide voice acknowledgement that is status of
device.
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MAIN CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
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COMPONENT LIST WITH SPECIFICATION
AT89C51 MICROCONTROLLER:
Features:
Compatible with MCS-51 Products
4K Bytes of In-System Reprogrammable Flash Memory
Endurance: 1,000 Write/Erase Cycles
Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz
Three-level Program Memory Lock
128 x 8-bit Internal RAM
32 Programmable I/O Lines
Two 16-bit Timer/Counters
Six Interrupt Sources
Programmable Serial Channel Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes
Description:
The AT89C51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 4K bytes
of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM). The device is
manufactured using Atmels high-density non-volatile memory technology and is compatible
with the industry-standard MCS-51 instruction set and pin out. The on-chip Flash allows the
program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional non-volatile memory
programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel
AT89C51 is a powerful microcomputer which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective
solution to many embedded control applications.
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POWER SUPPLY:
The 230V AC mains is stepped down by transformer X1 to deliver the secondary output of
9V, 500 mA . This voltage is converted to DC voltage using a Bridge Rectifier.
CIRCUIT DAIGRAM:
RESISTORS:
R16: 470ohm
CAPACITORS:
C16: 1000F
C15: 0.1F
DIODES:
LED3: WORK AS LED
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RELAY (SPDT): A relay is an electrically operated switch.
Superior high-frequency characteristics, such as an isolation of 30 DB min., insertionloss of 0.5 dB max., and V.SWR of 1.5 max. at 2.6 GHz.
Surface-mounting terminals and superior high frequency Characteristics combined
using semi triplet strip transmission lines.
Miniature dimensions of 20 x 8.6 x 8.9 mm (L x W x H).
Choose from a line-up that includes single-winding latching models (200 mW),
double-winding latching models (360 mW), and models with a reverse contact
arrangement.
Series includes models with an E-shape terminal structure (same as existing models),and models with a Y-shape terminal structure, allowing greater freedom with PCB
design.
Models with 75- impedance and models with 50- impedance areavailable.
Advantages of relays:
Relays can switch AC and DC, transistors can only switch DC.
Relays can switch high voltages, transistors cannot.
Relays are a better choice for switching large currents(> 5A).
Relays can switch many contactsat once.
Disadvantages of relays:
Relays are bulkierthan transistors for switching small currents.
Relays cannot switch rapidly(except reed relays), transistors can switch
many times per second.
Relays use more powerdue to the current flowing through their coil.
Relays require more current than many ICs can provideso a low power transistor
may be needed to switch the current for the relay's coil.
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DTMF (DUAL TONE MULTI FREQUENCY):
Dual Tone Multi-Frequency, or DTMF, is a method for instructing a telephone switching
system of the telephone number to be dialed, or to issue commands to switching systems
or related telephony equipment.
The version of DTMF used for telephone tone dialing is known by the trademarked term
Touch-Tone (canceled March 13, 1984), and is standardized by ITU-T Recommendation
Q.23. It is also known in the UK as MF4.
The MT8870D/MT8870D-1 is a complete DTMF receiver integrating both the band splitfilter and digital decoder functions. The filter section uses switched capacitor techniques
for high and low group filters; the decoder uses digital counting techniques to detect and
decode all 16 DTMF tone pairs into a 4-bit code. External component count is minimized
by on chip provision of a differential input amplifier, clock oscillator and latched three-
state bus interface.
FEATURES:
Low MIPS: 0.25 /0.35 MIPS for 10 ms and 5 ms frame size versions respectively
Designed as a telecom system component rather than a stand-alone algorithm.
Can be configured on the fly, and such parameters as twists, frequency acceptance,
spectrum Cleanness, and signal duration thresholds can be altered during a call.
Does not use notch filters to suppress dial tone, so it tolerates relatively high-level
echo dial tone (1520 dB above DTMF level) even if its frequencies are quite
different from the nominal, exceeding standard +/-0.5% tolerance.
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
COMPONENTS SPECIFICATION:
RESISTORS:
R5: 470K
R6: 100K
R7: 220K
R4, R5, R6, R7, R8: 1K
CAPACITORS:
C11: 0.1F
C12: 0.22F
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VOICE RECORDING/PLAYBACK DEVICE(APR9600)
General Description:
The APR9600 device offers true single-chip voice recording, non-volatile storage, and
playback capability for 40 to 60 seconds. The device supports both random and sequential
access of multiple messages. Sample rates are user-selectable, allowing designers to
customize their design for unique quality and storage time needs. Integrated output amplifier,
microphone amplifier, and AGC circuits greatly simplify system design. the device is ideal
for use in portable voice recorders, toys, and many other consumer and industrial
applications. APLUS integrated achieves these high levels of storage capability
by using its proprietary analog/multilevel storage technology implemented in an advanced
Flash non-volatile memory process, where each memory cell can store 256 voltage levels.
This technology enables the APR9600 device to reproduce voice signals in their natural form.
It eliminates the need for encoding and compression, which often introduce distortion.
Message Management:Playback and record operations are managed by on chip circuitry. There are severalavailable messaging modes depending upon desired operation. These messagemodes determine message management style, message length, and external partscount. Therefore, the designer must select the appropriate operating mode beforebeginning the design. Operating modes do not affect voice quality; for informationon factors affecting quality refer to the Sampling Rate & Voice Quality section.The device supports three message management modes (defined by the MSEL1,MSEL2 and /M8_Option pins shown in Figures 1 and 2):
Random access mode with 2, 4, or 8 fixed-duration messages Tape mode, with multiple variable-duration messages, provides
two options:- Auto rewind- Normal
Modes cannot be mixed. Switching of modes after the device has recorded an initialmessage is not recommended. If modes are switched after an initial recording hasbeen made some unpredictable message fragments from the previous mode mayremain present, and be audible on playback, in the new mode. These fragments willdisappear after a record operation in the newly selected mode. Table 1 defines thedecoding necessary to choose the desired mode. An important feature of theAPR9600 message management capabilities is the ability to audibly prompt the userto changes in the devices status through the use of beepssuperimposed on thedevices output. This feature is enabledby asserting a logic high level on the BE pin.
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USED MODE:
Random Access Mode:
Random access mode supports 2, 4, or 8 messages segments of fixed duration. Assuggested recording or playback can be made randomly in any of the selectedmessages. The length of each message segment is the total recording lengthavailable (as defined by the selected sampling rate) divided by the total number ofsegments enabled (as decoded in Table1). Random access mode provides easyindexing to message segments.
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WORKING
In this project to perform automation two cell phones are used out of which one is present at
the field side i.e: receiver side with auto call receiving mode and the second one is present on
the sender side. When we make a call to the cell phone present on the field side then it is
received due to auto receiving mode and after that to control the various machineries we
press a key. Whenever a key is pressed by the operator a frequency is generated which is the
combination of higher and lower frequency having range of voice frequency at the receiver
side i.e.: detected by the mobile phone present on the receiver side and through the head
phone attached to it this frequency is moved to the DTMF (MT8870D/MT8870D-1)
decoderwhich converts this analogue signal into binary digit i.e.; O1, O2, O3, O4. Now these
binarydigits are send to the microcontroller AT89c51 through pin no. P2.0 P2.3. This
microcontroller has additional reset circuitry for resetting of the microcontroller. The output
from the microcontroller is used to operate the buzzer, lamp, DC motor and cooling fan. The
output from the microcontroller is obtained from the pin no. P3.0 P3.3. And this output is
taken to operate above mentioned four loads through relay. Relay works as a automatic
switch which is not directly connected to the microcontroller. Firstly the relay is connected to
the collector part of the npn transistor and the base of that transistor is connected to the
output ports of the microcontroller i.e.: first the output is moved to the npn transistor and after
that the enhanced signal obtained at the collector end of the transistor operate the relay to turn
ON or OFF the DC motor, cooling fan, buzzer, lamp. Here the microcontroller and the
DTMF decoder are operated by the +5 volt DC supply which is derived from the power
supply circuitry which takes 230v; 50Hz Single phase. Here, Voice acknowledgement is
provided by the APR9600 (IC2). It is a single-chip voice recording and playback device thatcan record and play multiple messages at random or in sequential mode for 60 seconds. The
user can select sample rates with corresponding- quality recording lengths. Microphone
amplifier, automatic gain control (AGC) circuits, internal ant aliasing filter, internal output
amplifier and message management are some of the features of the APR9600. Here the
APR9600 is configured in random-access mode, which supports two, four and eight messages
of fixed durations. The length of each message is the total recording length available divided
by the total number of memory segments/tracks enabled. Audio processor APR9600 can store
up to eight voice messages. Port P0 pins and P2.7 are configured to communicate with IC2.
Port P0 pins trigger selection of the message. Port pin P2.7 is the input signal to identify
whether the voice message is playing or not. Pins P3.0 through P3.5 of Port P3 control the
devices with the help of relays RL1 through RL6 via relay driver IC4. A speaker is connected
to IC2 for audio output. The speaker output drives the mic input of the mobile for audio
acknowledgement. An electric microphone MIC1 is connected to IC2 to record the voice in
IC2. LED2 flashes to show the busy status of IC2 during recording and playback. The audio
messages to be recorded in APR9600, by using trigger switches S9 through S16, are shown in
Table III. SPST switch S19 is closed for recording and switch S19 is opened for playback.
The 230V AC mains is stepped down by transformer X1 to deliver the secondary output of
9V, 500 mA . This voltage is converted to DC voltage using a Bridge Rectifier.
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APPLICATIONS:
Automated teller machines (ATM).
Automated telephone switchboards and answering machines.
Medical processes such as primary screening in radiography and laboratory analysis
of human genes, sera, cells and tissues.
Automation increases quality & flexibility in the manufacturing process.
Automated guided vehicles with natural features navigation.
Automation is also used in manufacturing of industrial chemicals & all form of metal
works.
Automated machine installation.
ADVANTAGES:
Replacing human operators in task that involve hard physical or monotonous work.
Replacing humans in tasks that should be done in dangerous environments (i.e.; fire,
space, volcanoes, nuclear facilities, underwater, etc.)
Making tasks that are beyond the humans capabilities such as handling to heavyloads, too large objects, too hot or too cold substances or the requirements to make
things too fast or too slow.
Economy improvement sometimes & some kinds of automation implies improves in
economy of enterprises, society or most of humanities for example, when an
enterprises that has invested in automation technology recovers its investment, when a
state or country increases is income due to automation like Germany or Japan in 20 th
century or when the humankind can use the internet which is turn use satellite & other
automated engines.
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DISADVANTAGES:
Technology limits current technology is unable to automate all the desired tasks.
Unpredictable development costs. The research & development cost of automating a
process is difficult to predict accurately beforehand. Since this cost can have a large
impact of profitability it is possible to finish automating a process only to discover
that there are no economic advantages in doing so.
Initial costs are relatively high. The automation of a new product required a huge
initial investments in comparison with the unit cost of the product, although the cost
of automation is Rs. 8300 .
Spread in many product batches. The automation of a plant required a great initial
investment too, although this cost is spread in the products to be produced.
FUTURE ADVANCEMENT:
Since the turn of the century, the global recession has affected most businesses, including
industrial automation. After four years of the new millennium, here are my views on the
directions in which the automation industry is moving. After several years of stagnation the
industrial automation market is growing. During the coming year several new technologies
will emerge if we look at the new technology that are coming up in the field of industrial
automation we find a complete shift from traditional practices to more sophisticated and
developed technologies.
Industrial Wireless:Wireless is an enabling technology for end users. Application ofwireless technology is broader than the current market buzz around process-focused device
networks. Reliability is the key for wireless sensor networks, being addresses by combining
meshing with spread spectrum technology. Again Latency, Security, Power, Throughput are
the important factors contributing to the rapid use of industrial wireless technology. As with
the growing use of technology is making it imperative for the use of best technology that is
available.
The spread of new wireless technology in the industrial environment will bring the ability to
do things that were inconceivable before. This will bring changed work processes and new
skill sets that may not simply extend from current habit-patterns. The future values ofwireless in the factory and process plant are yet to be imagined. Im willing to bet that
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advanced and innovative wireless products, if introduced rapidly at a breakthrough price,
would sweep industrial automation markets; end-users would gobble them up. It could spark
a new phase of growth that will re-energize industrial automation.
Embedded Intelligence & M2M: Used in everything from consumer electronics toindustrial equipment, embedded systems - small, specialized computer systems stored on a
single microprocessor - are playing a major role in the growth of the Internet and the boom of
wireless communication channels. Now in industry it has more use with the use of wireless
technologies. Embedded intelligence and connectivity is what M2M and pervasive computing
are all about. The information coming from a device can be just as valuable, if not more
valuable, than the device itself: for example, when it was installed and by whom, uptime &
downtime, critical specifications, diagnostics, availability of spares, replacement alternatives,
repair instructions, usage patterns, and more. All this invisible machine activity makes theinformation about assets, costs, and liabilities vastly more visible to managers and to the
decision-making process.
M2M makes the information about assets, costs, and liabilities vastly more visible to
managers and to the decision-making process. This will unleash a wave of productivity and
efficiencies previously unseen. Smart services represents the biggest organic growth
opportunity for industrial automation equipment suppliers.
Web Services & Applications Integration: Web services differ from Webapplications in that they generally involve application-to-application communication, and are
not intended to be accessed via a Web browser. Instead, clients can be written in any
language that supports HTTP and SOAP. A client transmits a message or remote method call
to a Web service, which processes the message and returns a response to the client. Web
services do not usually have any sort of user interface built in, and it is generally up to the
client to process input and display output.
Web delivery of process and business data enhances collaboration between work groups and
multi-location plants across the enterprise. Web Services, Supply Chain Management,
Customer Relationship Management, Enterprise Application Integration and a plethora of
other software tools and services will be integrated to facilitate optimal decision-making at all
levels.
Real-time Information to Boost Productivity:Real-time enterprise applications are cutting
through several layers of previous inefficiency, allowing all segments of a business to interact
in ways that were previously unthinkable. The goal of the real-time enterprise is to act onevents as they happen. It is all the old concepts of customer-driven marketing, on-line process
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automation, just in time delivery, and tactical business adaptation all rolled into one. It's
about getting information in and out quickly, monitoring the business as it happens, and
making quick, effective, agile decisions.
Robots are Coming: The introduction of robots with integrated vision and touchdramatically changes the speed and efficiency of new production and delivery systems.
Robots have become so accurate that they can be applied where manual operations are no
longer a viable option. The biggest change in industrial robots is that they will evolve into a
broader variety of structures and mechanisms. In many cases, configurations that evolve into
new automation systems wont be immediately recognizable as robots. For example, robots
that automate semiconductor manufacturing already look quite different from those used in
automotive plants.
To implementing these directions demands management and leadership abilities that aredifferent from old, financially-driven models. In the global economy, automation companies
have little choice - they must find more ways and means to expand globally. To do this they
need to minimize domination of central corporate cultures, and maximize responsiveness to
local customer needs. Multi-cultural countries, like the U.S., will have significant advantages
in these important business aspects.
In the new and different business environment of the 21st century, the companies that can
adapt, innovate and utilize global resources will generate significant growth and success.