SEMINOR ON INDUSED SEMINOR ON INDUSED BREEDINGBREEDING

Santosh Kumar M.F.Sc AQUACULTUREDEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY AND APPLIED AQUACULTURE

SUBMITTED TO:-Dr. pradeep srivastava

HEAD OF DEPARTMENTBARKATULLAH UNIVERSITY

BHOPAL ( M.P)

SYNOPSISSYNOPSIS1. Introduction 2. History of induced

breeding3. Need of induced breeding4. Technique of induced breeding5. Spawning6. Factors influencing

induced breeding.7. Reference

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION Induced breeding is a technique where by ripe Induced breeding is a technique where by ripe

fish breeders are stimulated by pituitary fish breeders are stimulated by pituitary hormone or other synthetic hormone hormone or other synthetic hormone introduced to breed in captive condition.introduced to breed in captive condition.

The stimulation promotes timely release of The stimulation promotes timely release of sperms and eggs from ripe gonads.sperms and eggs from ripe gonads.

In simple words, spawning in fishes induced by In simple words, spawning in fishes induced by artificial breeding stimuli may be called artificial breeding stimuli may be called “induced breeding. “induced breeding.

HISTORY OF INDUCED BREEDINGHISTORY OF INDUCED BREEDING

• The technique of induced breeding was first evolved in The technique of induced breeding was first evolved in Argentina after producing pituitary extract by B. A. Argentina after producing pituitary extract by B. A. Hussay in 1930.Hussay in 1930.

• Brazilian was the first country to develop a technique for Brazilian was the first country to develop a technique for hypophysation in 1934.hypophysation in 1934.

• In India, first attempt to induce breeding was made by In India, first attempt to induce breeding was made by Hamid Khan in 1937 on Hamid Khan in 1937 on CirrhinusCirrhinus mrigala.mrigala.

• Dr. Hiralal Choudhary applied this technique in minor Dr. Hiralal Choudhary applied this technique in minor carps like carps like EsomusEsomus danricusdanricus in 1955. in 1955.

• Ramaswamy and Sundarraj(1955-56) first induced to Ramaswamy and Sundarraj(1955-56) first induced to breed Clariasbreed Clarias batrachusbatrachus and and HeteropneustesHeteropneustes fossilisfossilis..

• Choudhary and Alkunhi(1957) – Choudhary and Alkunhi(1957) – L.L. rohitarohita, , L.L. batabata, , C.C. rebareba..

• Parmeshwaran and Alkunhi (1962) – Successfully breed Parmeshwaran and Alkunhi (1962) – Successfully breed to Exotic Chinese carps like Grass and Silver carps.to Exotic Chinese carps like Grass and Silver carps.

NEED OF INDUCED BREEDINGNEED OF INDUCED BREEDING

i.i. Because of environmental condition like Because of environmental condition like photoperiod, rain, Temperature, currents photoperiod, rain, Temperature, currents of water.of water.

ii.ii. Insufficient release of hormones in Insufficient release of hormones in captive condition.captive condition.

iii.iii. Insufficient of natural foods.Insufficient of natural foods.

TECHNIQUES OF INDUCED TECHNIQUES OF INDUCED BREEDINGBREEDING

(a). Location of pituitary gland :-(a). Location of pituitary gland :- Pituitary gland is also known as hypophysis.Pituitary gland is also known as hypophysis. This gland in fishes is located at Sella turcica of This gland in fishes is located at Sella turcica of

sphenoid bone. sphenoid bone. It is situated on the ventral side of the brain just It is situated on the ventral side of the brain just

behind the optic chiasma and below the behind the optic chiasma and below the hypothalmus.hypothalmus.

COLLECTION OF PITUITARY COLLECTION OF PITUITARY GLANDGLAND

Collection of pituitary gland made only Collection of pituitary gland made only from ripe gravid fish.from ripe gravid fish.

Suitable periods for collection of gland of Suitable periods for collection of gland of major carps is May to July.major carps is May to July.

Gland of homoplastic species is more Gland of homoplastic species is more effective than heteroplastic species.effective than heteroplastic species.

Gland obtained from immature and spent Gland obtained from immature and spent fishes do not give satisfactory result.fishes do not give satisfactory result.

INSTRUMENTS FOR GLAND EXTRACT INSTRUMENTS FOR GLAND EXTRACT PREPARATION- REMOVAL OF PITUITARY PREPARATION- REMOVAL OF PITUITARY

GLANDGLAND

PRESERVATION AND STORAGE OF PRESERVATION AND STORAGE OF PITUITARY GLANDPITUITARY GLAND

Glands are stored in 100% alcohol at ordinary Glands are stored in 100% alcohol at ordinary temperature.temperature.

After each 24 hours 100% alcohol is changed for After each 24 hours 100% alcohol is changed for further dehydration and fattening.further dehydration and fattening.

The gland is stored in a refrigerator.The gland is stored in a refrigerator. Extract may also preserved in glycerine (3ml Extract may also preserved in glycerine (3ml

extract+1ml water+2ml glycerine).extract+1ml water+2ml glycerine).

SELECTION OF BROODERS FOR SELECTION OF BROODERS FOR INDUCED BREEDINGINDUCED BREEDING

The brooders should be healthy, fully ripe The brooders should be healthy, fully ripe and medium sized.and medium sized.

The age group of 2-4 years and have the The age group of 2-4 years and have the weight about 1-5 kg. suitable for induced weight about 1-5 kg. suitable for induced breeding.breeding.

Large sized breeders are avoided for Large sized breeders are avoided for difficulty in handling. difficulty in handling.

INJECTION TO THE INJECTION TO THE BREEDERSBREEDERS

For intra-muscular injection the fish is laid For intra-muscular injection the fish is laid on its side and needle is inserted either in on its side and needle is inserted either in caudal peduncle or into shoulder.caudal peduncle or into shoulder.

For intra-peritoneal the injection are given For intra-peritoneal the injection are given to the bases of paired pectoral fins.to the bases of paired pectoral fins.

Clinical needle no. 19, 22, 24 are used for Clinical needle no. 19, 22, 24 are used for breeders over 3 kg, 1-3 kg and 1 kg.breeders over 3 kg, 1-3 kg and 1 kg.

INJECTION TO THE BROOD FISHINJECTION TO THE BROOD FISH

DOSES OF PITUITARY GLAND DOSES OF PITUITARY GLAND EXTRACTEXTRACT

• Female is given a preliminary dose of 2-3 Female is given a preliminary dose of 2-3 mg/kg body weight.mg/kg body weight.

• After an interval of 6-8 hours a second After an interval of 6-8 hours a second dose of 5-8 mg/kg body weight given to dose of 5-8 mg/kg body weight given to female if first dose is not work.female if first dose is not work.

• Male – 2-3 mg/kg body weightMale – 2-3 mg/kg body weight

SYNTHETIC HORMONE OF SYNTHETIC HORMONE OF FISH SPAWNINGFISH SPAWNING

OVAPRIM AND OVATIDE :-

DOSE OF FISH SYNTHETIC DOSE OF FISH SYNTHETIC HORMONE OF OVATIDEHORMONE OF OVATIDE

SpeciesSpecies Female (ml/kg)Female (ml/kg) Male (ml/kg)Male (ml/kg)

Catla catlaCatla catla 0.40 - 0.500.40 - 0.50 0.20 - 0.300.20 - 0.30

Labeo rohitaLabeo rohita 0.20 - 0.400.20 - 0.40 0.10 - 0.200.10 - 0.20

Cirrhinus mrigalaCirrhinus mrigala 0.20 - 0.400.20 - 0.40 0.10 - 0.200.10 - 0.20

Silver carpSilver carp 0.40 - 0.500.40 - 0.50 0.20 - 0.250.20 - 0.25

Grass carpGrass carp 0.40 – 0.500.40 – 0.50 0.20 - 0.250.20 - 0.25

SPAWNINGSPAWNING

After injection to the brooders a set of brooders After injection to the brooders a set of brooders are released into the breeding hapa.are released into the breeding hapa.

The size of the hapa is ranges 3x5 meters.The size of the hapa is ranges 3x5 meters. The height of hapa should remain about 20 cm. The height of hapa should remain about 20 cm.

above the level of water.above the level of water. The spawning takes place within 3-6 hrs after The spawning takes place within 3-6 hrs after

final injection.final injection. The fertilized eggs are transparent, pearl like The fertilized eggs are transparent, pearl like

where as unfertilized eggs are opaque or where as unfertilized eggs are opaque or whitish.whitish.

FACTORS INFLUENCING INDUCED FACTORS INFLUENCING INDUCED BREEDINGBREEDING

Climate – Climate – Temperature should be 24-Temperature should be 24-323200C with cloudy days and rainy periods.C with cloudy days and rainy periods.

Water condition - Water condition - Flowing water.Flowing water.Turbidity-Turbidity- 100-1000 mg/litre or ppm.100-1000 mg/litre or ppm.Light-Light- For early maturation and spawning.For early maturation and spawning.Dissolved oxygen- Dissolved oxygen- Not should less than Not should less than

5ppm/litres . 5ppm/litres .

References :-References :-• Fish and Fisheries of India – V. G. Jhingran

• General and applied Ichthyology – S. K. Gupta and P. C. Gupta

• A text book of fish and fisheries – Pandey and Shukla.