indus valley civilization by alina hasan vi a

8/21/2019 Indus Valley Civilization by Alina Hasan VI A

1/50

INDUS VALLEY

CIVILIZATION

By AlinaHasan

VI-A


2/50

INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION

a Primary Phase Culture

little or no continuity with the following

cultures

forgotten until the 19th Century rediscovered by the British


3/50

HARAPPAN CULTURE

Indus valleynot desert

well-watered and heavily forested

500 miles along the river valley10-20 times larger than eso!otamia or "gy!t


4/50

HYDRAULIC CULTURE

li#e "gy!t and eso!otamia

agriculture and flood-control

significant industry and trade

cities very common


5/50

INDUS VALLEY


6/50

LACK OF SOURCES

literate culturewe cannot read the writing

writing on bric#s and seals

did not use !a!er or clay tablets


7/50

“Unicorn” seal + writing


8/50More seals


9/50


10/50

REASONABLE GENERALIZATIONS ra!id develo!ment$ early 2%000s B&C&

roughly contem!orary with "gy!t and

eso!otamia

early village culture changing ra!idly to urban civili'ation


11/50

GENERALIZATIONS, CON’T

cities dominated both economic and !olitical

activity

origins of the !eo!le are unclear

similar to the editerranean ty!e


12/50

A!OR CITIES

(ara!!a and ohen)o-daro surrounded by smaller cities% towns% and villages

one situated in the north

one situated in the south


13/50

CITIES, CON’T

uniform culture over a wide area

cities built on a common !lana grid$ always *+ and ", aes

with twelve smaller grids#iln-dried bric#


14/50

Grid map of

Mohenjo-daro


15/50

Mohenjo-daro : aerial view


16/50

Mohenjo-daro view

of the “Citadel”


17/50

The “Great Bath”


18/50

another view of the “Great Bath”


19/50

view of a small side street


20/50

loo!s li!e a small

tower "#t act#all$ itis a neigh"orhood

well


21/50

% "athroom on a private residence


22/50

% p#"lic well in &arappa or perhaps

an ancient la#ndromat'''


23/50

% large drain or sewer


24/50

ONUENTAL ARCHITECTURE

very-large scale building

walled cites% with fortified citadels

always on the same scale

!alaces% tem!les


25/50

ARCHITECTURE, CON’T

large grain storage facilities near tem!les

a theocracy ..

!lanned economy


26/50

&arappan granar$


27/50

CITIES

very densely !o!ulated

houses$ two to three stories

every house is laid out the same


28/50

CULTURE AND SOCIETY

advanced agriculture

sur!lus !roduction

tetiles$ wool and cotton

domesticated animals and fish


29/50

BRONZE AGE TECHNOLOGY

no swords

s!ears and bows

stone arrow heads


30/50

SOCIETY

dominated by !riests .

from the fortified !alaces and tem!les .

!ower base$ fertility .

deities$ male and female% both nude bull worshi! and !hallic symbols


31/50

% priest( % "#ll


32/50

TRADE

with lower eso!otamia

but gradually declined


33/50

COBINATION OF CHANGES

climate shift$ the monsoon !atterns

flooding

destruction of the forests

migrations of new !eo!les$ the /ryans


34/50

THE ARYAN INVASIONS

Indus civili'ation on the verge of colla!se

about 1500 B&C&

settlement by a nomadic !eo!le

the /ryans


35/50

THE ARYANS

not to be confused with (itlers /ryans

these /ryans s!ea# an Indo-"uro!ean dialect

related to other languages li#e 3ree# and

4atin


36/50

THE ARYANS, CON’T

they called themselves /ryans

their land$ /ryavarta land of the /ryans


37/50

GRADUAL SETTLEENT

over a long !eriod of time

gradual infiltration

more !rimitive than the earlier culture


38/50

SETTLEENT, CON’T

new society by 1%200 B&C& or so

little evidence

not literate

no record system


39/50

THE ARYANS

restless% warli#e !eo!le

tall% blue-eyed% fair-s#inned

describe the indigenous !o!ulation as

short% blac#% noseless% and slaves


40/50

THE ARYANS, CON’T

originally !astoralists

family% clan% tribe ty!ical Indo-"uro!eans6

eventually settled down to farming

living in villages


41/50

THE ARYANS, CON’T

villages and #ingdoms constantly fighting

warchiefs and #ings

aristocrats and freemen


42/50

THE ARYANS, CON’T

fond of fighting% drin#ing% chariot racing%

gambling chasing women and bragging about

their s!earsany modern com!arisons ...

fond of ta#ing s"#aa !sychedelic drug

!robably !sychotro!ic mushrooms


43/50

ARYANS AND HINDUS

/ryans give rise to (indu society

but different characteristicscows$ they ate them

classes% but no castes!riests subordinate to the nobility

the Mahabharata


44/50

THE IRON AGE$ NE% SOURCES

&'( V()as$ !assed on orally

&'( B*a'a#anas$ inter!retations on the7edas

&'( U+anis'a)s$ inter!retations andsymbolic studies forerunners of later dissenting literature


45/50

CASTE SYSTE

s#in color

ritual !urity

8s--hem feelings

divine order of four castes


46/50

CASTE SYSTE VARNAS./

B*a'#ins$ the !riests

Ks'a&*iyas$ the warriors

Vaisyas$ merchants and !easants

S0)*as$ non-/ryans


47/50

CASTE SYSTE, CON’T

!roduced by Brahmins

literature em!hasi'ed the divine order

hierarchical relationshi!

inheritance and marriage


48/50

CASTE SYSTE IN PRACTICE

warrior class did not always acce!t it

nor the other classes

the !rocess of evolution is still going on

the most !owerful organi'er of Indian society thousand of castes today


49/50

CASTES

define a !ersons social universe

define a !ersons standard of conduct

define a !ersons e!ectations

define a !ersons future define how a !erson deals with others


50/50

indus valley civilization by alina hasan vi a

Documents