induction motor driven water pump fed by solar ...panels, boost converter, three phase inverter and...

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International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET)

Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2018, pp. 336–347, Article ID: IJMET_09_01_036

Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=9&IType=1

ISSN Print: 0976-6340 and ISSN Online: 0976-6359

© IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed

INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVEN WATER PUMP

FED BY SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC ARRAY

USING BOOST CONVERTER

A. Imtiyas

Sri Shanmugha College of Engineering and Technology, Sankari, Salem Tamil Nadu, India

P. SathishKumar


U. Shyamaladevi


ABSTRACT

This paper concentrates on the photovoltaic array fed, sustained water pumping

framework utilizing three phase induction motors. The intention of this work is to

bring an effect on the investigation of the exhibitions of the photovoltaic converters

used to encourage an all-around characterized stack. The objective of this project is to

design a boost converter to generate sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) and

to run centrifugal pump. The proposed system consists of an arrangement of solar

panels, boost converter, three phase inverter and three phase motor. The boost

converter is used to enhance the power from the PV array and get constant DC output.

Then the output from boost converter is given to the induction motor. The centrifugal

pump is driven by three phase induction motors. This project emphasis on stage by

stage development of SPWM pulse to turn on the switches of the inverter. This can be

achieved through modelling and simulation of the various stages that constitute the

overall system. Simulation results are obtained using MATLAB/Simulink environment

for the effectiveness of the study.

Keywords: Photovoltaic systems; Boost Converter; Voltage Source Inverter; Induction

motor; Centrifugal pump.

Cite this Article: A. Imtiyas, P.SathishKumar and U.Shyamaladevi, Induction Motor

Driven Water Pump Fed by Solar Photovoltaic Array Using Boost Converter,

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology 9(1), 2018.

pp. 336-347.

http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=9&IType=1

Induction Motor Driven Water Pump Fed by Solar Photovoltaic Array Using Boost Converter


1. INTRODUCTION

Energy has turned into a critical and one of the essential structures required for the monetary

improvement of a nation. Energy security is basic for managing development of economy.

The worry for condition, because of unreasonable utilization of petroleum derivatives, has

prompted an exceptional worldwide push to tackle elective energy assets [1].

Sun based energy can be an important origin of energy. Its potential is 178 billion MW,

which is around 20,000 times the world's request. So far it couldn't be created on a substantial

scale as a result of vast space necessity, vulnerability of accessibility of vitality at consistent

rate, because of mists, winds and dimness. Usage of sunlight based vitality is of extraordinary

significance to India since it lies in a temperature atmosphere of the area of the world where

daylight is copious for a noteworthy piece of the year.

The utilizations of sun powered vitality which are getting a charge out of most

achievement today are sunlight based water warming, sun powered cookers, nourishment

refrigeration, sun powered heaters and sun based photovoltaic (PV) cells. In this work, sun

oriented photovoltaic cells, which can be utilized for transformation of sun powered vitality

straightforwardly into power for water pumping in country agrarian intentions is concentrated

[2]. It licenses sunlight based produced electrical energy to be conveyed to the heap for our

situation an electric pump. It comprises of sunlight based cluster, DC-DC converter, battery

stockpiling, inverter and load.

Figure 1 Block Diagram of Solar Pump

A tracking array is characterized as one which is constantly kept mechanically opposite to

the sun-array line with the goal that all circumstances it blocks the most extreme isolation. A

fixed array is normally situated east, west and tilted up at an edge roughly equivalent to the

scope of the site. Fixed array are mechanically less complex than following clusters. A DC –

DC Converter can be considered as DC comparable to an AC transformer with a persistently

factor turn's proportion. Since the yield of the sunlight based exhibit is less, a Boost controller

is utilized to expand the yield voltage level. Figure 1 demonstrates the square outline of the

sun oriented based water pump. The Boost controller gives a yield voltage which is not

exactly or more noteworthy than the input voltage [3]. The input current of this controller is

consistent. It has low exchanging misfortunes and has high effectiveness.

The sun powered produced electric energy might be put away in the battery storage. It

gives consistent power supply to the heap without interference. Inverter is a strong state

circuit which changes over the battery transport voltage into AC of required recurrence and

stage to match that expected to incorporate with the utility framework or to a recurrence

touchy load like AC engines [4]. The setups of inverters are 120º conduction mode and 180⁰ conduction mode. Among these two setups, the inverter with 180º conduction mode is utilized

to get its own specialized favorable circumstances. This paper deals with the photovoltaic

array fed water pumping system using three phase induction motor.

A. Imtiyas, P.SathishKumar and U.Shyamaladevi


2. SIMULATION OF SOLAR PANEL

A model of a PV module is used to predict module power. Temperature variations are not

considered in this analysis and each module is assumed to be operated at 25°C. The simplest

model of a PV cell is shown as an equivalent circuit below that consists of an ideal current

source in parallel with an ideal diode.

Figure 2 Equivalent cell diagram of PV panel

There are two key parameters frequently used to characterize a PV cell. Shorting together

the terminals of the cell, the photon generated current will follow out of the cell as a short-

circuit current (Isc). Thus, Iph = Isc. When there is no connection to the PV cell (open-

circuit), the photon generated current is shunted internally by the intrinsic p-n junction diode.

This gives the open circuit voltage (Voc). The PV module or cell manufacturers usually

provide the values of these parameters in their datasheets [5].

The output current (I) from the PV cell is found by applying the Kirchoff’s current law

(KCL) on the equivalent circuit shown in Figure 2.

(1)

Where: Isc is the short-circuit current that is equal to the photon generated current, and Id

is the current shunted through the intrinsic diode.

The diode current Id is given by the Shockley’s diode equation:

(2)

Where: Io is the reverse saturation current of the diode (A),

q is the electron charge(1.602*10-19

Coulomb),

Vd is the voltage across diode (V),

K is the Boltzmann’s constant (1.381*10-23

J/K),

T is the Junction temperature (Kelvin).

Replacing Id of the equation (1) by the equation (2) gives the current-voltage relationship

of the PV cell,

(3)

Table 1 Characteristics of Emmvee Photovoltaic Module

Parameters Values

Rated Power 240 Wp

Module Efficiency 14.6%

Cell Efficiency 17%

Open circuit voltage, Voc) 36.7 V

Short circuit current, (Isc) 8.74 A

Rated Voltage, (Vmpp) 28.81 V

Rated Current, (Impp) 8.31 A

Type of Cell Monocrystalline



Totally, nine solar panels are used in which series of three solar panels are connected in

parallel to form string. The simulation for solar panels is implemented in matlab. The I-V plot

of solar panels is made for two different levels of irradiance.

Figure 3 I-V and P-V Plot of PV cell under two different levels of irradiances

The MATLAB simulation for nine solar panels are implemented and shown in figure 4.

Figure 4 Simulation of Solar PV Panels

The simulation results of nine solar PV panel is shown in figure 5 and 6 respectively.

Figure 5 Open Circuit Voltage of Solar PV Panel



Figure 6 Short Circuit Current of Solar PV Panel

3. BOOST CONVERTER

Boost converter is used to boost up the input voltage based on the duty cycle according to the

required output voltage. The configuration of boost converter for ON state and OFF state is

described below by using switches. The output voltage equation for boost converter based on

the duty cycle is shown in Eq (4) [5]. The simplified schematic of the boost converter is

shown in figure 7. Inductor L and capacitor C make up the effective output filter. Resistor R

Load represents the load seen by the power supply output.

Figure 7 Circuit Diagram of Boost Converter

3.1. Design Procedure for Boost Converter:

The design of boost converter is done based on the load requirement the other parameters

would be calculated and the I/O specifications are tabulated in the following table.

Table 1 I/O Specification

Parameter Voltage(V)

Input Voltage, (Vi) 100 V

Output Voltage, (Vo) 325 V

Output Current, (Io) 8 A

Output Power, (Po) 2.0 kWp



Duty Cycle:

The duty cycle can be found using the following relation,

(4)

(5)

Inductor:

The value of inductor is determined using the following relation,

(6)

(7)

Capacitor:

The value of capacitor is determined from the following equation,

(8)

(9)

Where, Vs is Source Voltage,

C is the minimum value of capacitance,

D is duty cycle,

Fs is switching frequency, and

∆V is output voltage ripple factor.

Based on the formulas the values for boost converter is calculated and shown in the table

given below.

Table 2 Specification of Boost Converter

S.No. Parameters Values

1. Input Voltage, (Vi) 100 V

2. Output Voltage, (Vo) 325 V

3. Duty Cycle, (D) 0.545

4. Ripple Voltage, (Vripple) 1% of Vo

5. Ripple Current, (Iripple) 10% of Io

6. Inductor, (L) 8.5 mH

7. Capacitor, (C) 421.6 µF

The Simulation has been implemented with MATLAB for boost converter [6]. The

simulation for boost converter is shown in figure 8 and the simulation result is shown in the

figure 9.



Figure 8 Simulation of Boost Converter

Figure 9 Output of Boost Converter

4. INVERTER AND CONTROL SCHEME

An inverter is a circuit that transforms DC to AC sources. Inverters are utilized as a part of an

extensive variety of uses from little exchanged power supplies for a PC to vast electric utility

applications to transport mass power. This makes them exceptionally appropriate for when

you have to utilize AC control instruments or machine. In photovoltaic framework, the

DC/AC inverter is utilized to change over the energy of the source by exchanging the DC

input voltage in a pre-decided grouping to create AC voltages yield. Proportionate circuit of

three-stage inverter is indicated figure 10 [7]. It has six switches that turn on and off to get a

sinusoidal yield. SPWM is a strategy that utilization as a technique to abatement symphonies

substance in the inverter circuit. There are two basic types of forced-commutated inverter:

The current source inverter and the voltage source inverter [8]. This paper is focused on

detailed study and modelling of three phase inverter modulated by Sinusoidal Pulse Width

Modulation (SPWM).

Figure 10 Three Phase VSI



4.1. The 180 Degree Mode Voltage Source Inverter

The DC voltage acquired from the PV array is changed over to AC voltage with the help of

inverter. A voltage source inverter gives a firm connection voltage, over the motor terminals.

The load current alters itself as per the impedance of the motor. Here six-step180 degree

mode inverter is utilized to get a three-stage voltage output from a DC source. The prime

purpose of utilizing a six-stage inverter is just to limit the exchanging misfortunes since the

stage voltage for this situation is a six-stage wave. Three-stage voltage source inverter is a

blend of three single-stage extension circuits. There are diodes in antiparallel notwithstanding

the fundamental power gadgets. These diodes are known as the arrival current or criticism

diodes. It gives a substitute way to the inductive current.

To get the three-stage AC current in six-stage inverter, six gating signals should be

connected to the six switches of the inverter. H1, H3, H5 are three stage symmetrical

exchanging capacity with stage move 120°. To deliver the symmetrical three stage voltages

over a three stage stack the gadgets are exchanged ON for 180°. The exchanging signs of

every inverter leg are dislodged by 120° concerning the adjoining legs [9 - 10]. The

exchanging signals S1 and S4 are complimentary, the same for S3 and S6, S5 and S2. The

line to neutral voltages Van spoke to the six stages of the inverter. Vbn and Vcn have a

similar waveform with stage move 120°. Each switch is turned ON for 180°. The switches S1

and S4, which have a place with the furthest left inverter leg, create the yield voltage for stage

A. The exchanging signals for the switches in the center leg, S3 and S6 for stage B, and are

deferred by 120° from those for S1 and S4 individually for a positive grouping. The

exchanging arrangement appears in the table given beneath. Likewise, for a similar stage

succession, the exchanging signals for switches S5 and S2 are postponed from the exchanging

signals for S3 and S6 by 120°.During step1, 0 ≤ ωt < 60, IGBT5, IGBT6 and IGBT1 are

directing. Accordingly, current

I = 2Vs/3 (10)

And the line to neutral voltages are

Van = Vcn = i*Z/2 = Vs/3 (11)

Vnb = i* Z = 2Vs/3 (12)

Table 3 Switching Sequence



4.2. Development of Sinusoidal Pulse width Modulation:

The sinusoidal pulse-width modulation (SPWM) technique produces a sinusoidal waveform

by filtering an output pulse waveform with varying Width. A High Switching Frequency

Prompts a superior sifted sinusoidal output waveform. The coveted output voltage is

accomplished by fluctuating the frequency and amplitude of a reference or tweaking voltage.

The changes in the amplitude and frequency of the reference voltage vary the pulse width

patterns of the output voltage. A low-frequency sinusoidal regulating signal is compared with

a high frequency triangular signal, which is known as the carrier signal. The exchanging state

is changed when the sine waveform converges the triangular waveform. The intersection

positions decide the variable switching times between states. In three-stage SPWM, a

triangular voltage waveform (VT) is contrasted and three sinusoidal control voltages (VA,

Vb, and Vc), which are 120⁰ out on stage with each other and the relative levels of the

waveforms are utilized to control the exchanging of the gadgets in each stage leg of the

inverter. SPWM is usually utilized as a part of utilizations like engine speed control,

converters, sound speakers [11-13].

Figure 11 Simulink Model of Three Phase Inverter

Figure 12 Waveform for Switching the Inverter



The figure 11 and 12 shows the simulation of three phase inverter with sinusoidal pulse

width modulation. The induction motor is connected as a load. The DC input is obtained from

a DC voltage source and the inverter is used to convert DC into AC. The sinusoidal pulse

width modulation is used to turn on the switches of three phase inverter

5. SIMULATION RESULTS:

Figure 13 Simulation of Proposed System

The Simulink resort comprises of Boost converter, three phase inverter and induction

motor. The DC voltage received from solar cell is boosted up to the required level and then

fed into three phase inverter. The voltage received from solar cell is 100-110 V DC which is

fed to boost controller. The output voltage of Boost controller is 325 V DC which will be the

input to the inverter. In this model, the output of the boost converter is attached to the three-

phase inverter. The PI regulator still tracks the extreme voltage of the photovoltaic array.

The induction motor receives 230V AC from the inverter for its operation to which the

pump is connected. The first two simulation outputs show the line voltage for each phase and

the speed with respect to time. The system reaches the speed of 1350 rpm [13-15]. The figure

13 shows the overall simulation of the proposed system. The carrier frequency is set at 5 kHz

and reference frequency is set at 50 Hz for sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique. The

three-phase inverter provides a three-phase current to the load. Figure 14 shows a speed

waveform of induction motor.

Inversion of boost converter output DC voltage into AC by using three phase inverter

which is controlled by Sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique. The DC voltage is

inverted into Ac as about the same magnitude with reference frequency.

It is clear from the below figure that the speed of the induction motor is constant without

any oscillation. Induction motor is controlled by V/f control technique. The speed of the

induction motor is dependent on the frequency of the supply voltage.

The frequency of the supply voltage is maintained constant by using SPWM technique.



Figure 14 Speed Waveform of Induction Motor

Figure 15 Inverter Output Voltage

6. CONCLUSION

In this paper, the investigation of the basic photovoltaic system has been exhibited. From the

hypothesis of the photovoltaic, a PV exhibit with a band of solar irradiation level. A DC-DC

converter which changes over a variable DC voltage comparing to the band of solar

irradiation levels into a consistently high DC voltage. Then the reversal of this DC voltage

into three phase AC voltage utilizing three phase inverter which is controlled by SPWM

strategy has been outlined. At long last, the system has been recreated with Simulink

MATLAB. In conclusion, 236 V and 5 A is obtained from the inverter and given to 3HP

induction motor. The induction motor runs at 1350 rpm with constant load torque. The

centrifugal pump is driven by three phase induction motors. As a future work, the hardware

implementation of the boost converter with PI regulator and inverter with sinusoidal pulse

width modulation will be achieved based on the MATLAB simulation.

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induction motor driven water pump fed by solar ...panels, boost converter, three phase inverter and...

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