indonesian soil data base and predicted stock of soil … · agriculture land resources thematic...

International Workshopon Evaluation and Sustainable Management of

S il C b S t ti i A i C t iSoil Carbon Sequestration in Asian Countries

INDONESIAN SOIL DATA BASE INDONESIAN SOIL DATA BASE AND PREDICTED STOCK OF SOIL AND PREDICTED STOCK OF SOIL AND PREDICTED STOCK OF SOIL AND PREDICTED STOCK OF SOIL

CARBONCARBON

R Shofiyati I Las & F AgusR. Shofiyati, I. Las, & F. Agus

Indonesian Center for Agricultural Land Resources Research & Development (ICALRD)

I d i A f A i lt l R h d D l tIndonesian Agency of Agricultural Research and DevelopmentMinistry of Agriculture

2010


Soil Carbon Sequestration in Asian Countries

OutlineOutlineOutlineOutlineOutlineOutlineOutlineOutline

• IntroductionIntroduction• CARBON POOL In Agricultural Land

I d i S il D t b D l t• Indonesian Soil Database Development• Soil Database for estimating carbon stock• Indonesian Carbon Stock• ConclusionsConclusions



Introduction

Identification & Evaluation of Soil/Land Resources

Introduction

Soil/Land Data Base & Mapping 106 years

Digital Soil Data Base Management S stem of ICALRD Digital Soil Data Base Management System of ICALRD(+ ISRI, IAHRI, IWRI, AERI) year 1980s

Indonesian soil data inventory Land Resources Map & Database Develop Soil Carbon Analysis p y



Carbon Balance Carbon pool the characteristics of land use, soil type & land management.

Monitoring system dynamics / changes in carbon stocks in various landuse

Carbon database of various land use is needed as the basis for determining:basis for determining:C stock Historical & initialC gains (sequestration)C gains (sequestration) C losses (emission)



General comparison of C mineral soil and peat soilpeat soil

CharacteristicsCharacteristics Mineral Peatsoil soil

Bulk density (t/mBulk density (t/m33)) 0 7 1 4 0 02 0 3Bulk density (t/mBulk density (t/m33)) 0.7-1.4 0.02-0.3

Carbon content (% weight)Carbon content (% weight) 0.5-7.0 30-60 Carbon content (kg/dmCarbon content (kg/dm33)) 0.01-0.04 0.03-0.07Tropical soil carbon stock Tropical soil carbon stock 2020--120120 250250--pp(t/ha)(t/ha) >54000>540001)1)

1)Depend on the thickness and maturity of the peatDepend on the thickness and maturity of the peatSource: Agus et al. (unpublished)



How important is soil CHow important is soil Crelative to

C l t d C ?C plants and C necromass?

Mineral soilLanduse C stock

(t/ha)Mineral soil (t/ha)Above ground biomassbiomassForest 75-300Bush 10-75Bush 10 75Imperata 2-5Estate 10 70Estate 10-70Seasonal crop 2-5

F t 1 20Forest necromass 1-20C mineral soil 20-120

In mineral soil: soil C ≈ plant biomass CSource: Various literaures

Peat Soil Landuse C stock

(t/ha)Peat Soil (t/ha)Above ground bibiomass

Forest 75-200Bush 10-75Imperata 2-5pEstate 10-70Seasonal crop 2-5Seasonal crop 2 5

C necromass 1-20C il 250 5000C soil 250-5000

In peat soil: soil C is the most pimportant C poolSource: Various



Indonesian Soil Database Indonesian Soil Database DevelopmentDevelopment

Development of ICALRD Soil / Land Mapping

AerialAerial

Pra Pra 19621962 19721972--19811981 19811981--19861986 19871987--19971997

AerialAerial AerialAerial AerialAerialAerial Aerial PhotographPhotograph

intensivelyintensivelyNot Not intensivelyintensively

IntensivelyIntensivelyFAOFAO

IntensivelyIntensivelyLREP 1 & 2LREP 1 & 2

Aerial Aerial PhotographPhotograph



regional regional capabilitycapability

intensivelyintensively FAOFAO

Landsat ERTSLandsat ERTS--11experimentexperimentSouth SulawesiSouth Sulawesi

LREP 1 & 2LREP 1 & 2

Landsat TM 5Landsat TM 5

South SulawesiSouth Sulawesi

Landsat TMLandsat TMExperimentExperiment

Radar STARRadar STAR--11

pp East BorneoEast Borneo

Soil MappingSoil Mapping Soil MappingSoil Mapping Soil & Landuse Soil & Landuse MappingMapping Soil & Landuse Soil & Landuse

MappingMappingAnalog Soil Analog Soil Data & MapData & Map

Analog Soil Analog Soil Data & MapData & Map Analog Soil Analog Soil

D t & MD t & M Soil Database &Soil Database &ata & apata & ap ata & Mapata & Map Data & MapData & Map Soil Database & Soil Database & Digital MapDigital Map

DATA BASE SDLP

20052005--20082008

Landsat ETM 7Landsat ETM 7

2008 2008 -- datedate


19981998--20042004


IntensiIntensivevelyly ::

A. Soil :A. Soil :R iR i


IntensiIntensivevelyly ::ReconnaisanceReconnaisanceIntensively :Intensively :

MethodologyMethodology

Digital Satelit Digital Satelit DataData

ReconnaisanceReconnaisancepoor farmerpoor farmerAEZAEZPrimataniPrimatani

JERS, ASTERJERS, ASTERALOS AVNIRALOS AVNIR--22

Methodology Methodology developmentdevelopment

Landsat TM 7Landsat TM 7 ataataB. ClimateB. Climate ......

Experiment Experiment ::ReconnaisanceReconnaisanceJERSJERS

Land Resources Land Resources MMappingapping Land Resources Land Resources MMappingappingSoil & Climate DatabaseSoil & Climate DatabaseSoil & Climate DatabaseSoil & Climate Database

Soil & Landuse Soil & Landuse MappingMapping

S il D t b &S il D t b & Soil & Climate Database Soil & Climate Database & Digital Map& Digital Map

Soil & Climate Database Soil & Climate Database & Digital Map& Digital Map

Other land resources mappingOther land resources mappingDigital image processingDigital image processing

Soil Database & Soil Database & Digital MapDigital Map

Digital image processingDigital image processing

DATA BASE ICALRD



Soil Database ManagementBBSDLP LREP I (1988)BBSDLP LREP I (1988)



Soil Database Management LREP II to dateLREP II to date

Database Sistem of ICALRD

SOIL SURVEY

Field data inputSITE &

HORISONFIELD

OBSERVATION DATA

Determining data representative

DATAUPDATING

Laboratorydata input

LABORATORY ANALYSIS

SOIL SAMPLE ANALYSIS (SSA)

DATABASE

SOIL & Climate DATABASE

Deriving data

MODELING :• Land Suitability• Soil Carbon• etc

DATA/MAPPROCESSING

Tabular data linking & joining

GIS APLICATIONetc

LAND RESOURCES MAPS



Indonesian Soil MapIndonesian Soil MapIndonesian Soil MapIndonesian Soil Mappppp

100%100%

Mapping Status of National Agric. Land Resources

Mapping level Scale Purposes Status (%)(%)

1. Exploration <1:500.000 Global / National 1002 Reconnaissance 1 : 250 000 Regional/ Province 722. Reconnaissance 1 : 250.000 Regional/ Province 72

1 : 100.000 District/ Special territory / Watershed

12

3. Semi Detail 1 : 25.000 –50.000

Special territory RTRW, district, WPP

21

4 Detail >1 : 25 000 Construction for paddy field 2 54. Detail >1 : 25.000 Construction for paddy field specific location, technology recommendation

2,5

5 Thematic (AEZ 1:250 000 - 10-505. Thematic (AEZ, commodity, fertilization etc.)

1:250.000 10.000 Varies

10 50

Status of Indonesian Soil Map(1:50.000 – 250.000)

Digital & AnalogDigital & Analog

72+%72+%


Soil Carbon Sequestration in Asian CountriesAgriculture Land Resources Thematic Mapping Status

Type of Mapping Map scale %

1 A i lt l l d l i 1 1 il 500 000 69 1001. Agricultural land use planning 1:1 mil - 500.000 69 - 100

2. Commodity zoning (Interactive) 1 : 250.000 -50 000

15 - 7250.000

3. Spesific Land Suitability 1 : 100.000 -50.000

3 - 35

4. Nutrient Status of paddy field 1 : 250.000 -50.000

85

5 T pe of primar padd field 1 250 000 605.T ype of primary paddy field 1 : 250.000 -50.000

60

6. Critical & degradated land etc. 1:250.000 -50.000 5 - 25gAEZ Map (integration of soil-climate-socio economy) Commodity development

d ti SUT/US A b i

1:250.000 -10.000 (5 - 50)

recommendation, SUT/US, Agrobusiness & Technology

Mapping level /Scale

Status (%) Data Availability for Carbon Stock AnalysisSOC BD

Agricultural Land Database condition

/Scale SOC or OM

BD Texture Soil thickness

Other data

1. Exploration 100% No No No No • Parent <1:500.000 material

• Landform• Relief

2. Reconnais-sance

a. 1: 250.000

a. 72+%(includ.10% analog)b 12%

Available <10% available

available • Effective depth

• Soil

Other physical & chemical

b. 1:100.000b. 12%

horizon soil parameters

3. Semi detail 21% (includ. Idem no 23. Semi detail1:50.000

21% (includ. 15% analog)

Idem no 2

4. Detail>1 : 25 000

2.5% (most is analog)

Varies>1 : 25.000 analog)

5. Thematic • ZAE, • Climate, C diti

5 – 100% Varies

• Comodities• Soil fertility,• Crop Calender, etc



Soil Database for Estimating Soil Database for Estimating Carbon StockCarbon StockCarbon StockCarbon Stock



Importance of time series soil carbon database

Assessment of C stockAssessment of C stock Assessment of C gains (sequestration) Assessment of C losses (emission), andAssessment of C losses (emission), andAssessment of the relationship of C in soil and

Vegetation

Potential use of Soil Carbon Database

S il f tilit

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Field & LabResearch

Model development for prediction of bio &

• Soil fertility • SOC• Soil Carbon Stock• Vegetation

Research geo chemistry process

D t b & GISCrop

Statistic data collection

Database & GIS contribution :

• Climate• Soil / Land

Vegetation

Agic. Land/Soil Modelling

pproduction

• Vegetation• Management

Modelling

• Emission CO2, CH4, N2O NO N2

RS & spatialdata

RS & GIS analysis :• Landuse• Land coverage

N2O, NO, N2, & NH3

data g• Land & vegetation

condition • N leaching• Fertilizer

requirement



Carbon Stock Estimation

C = BD x C x D x ACStock = BD x Corg x D x A

CStock = Soil carbon stock (Mg ha-1),BD = Soil’s Bulk Density (g cm-3) → Mg m-3, Corg = Soil Organic C content (%) → Mg 100 Mg-1 (fraction) D = thickness of the soil (m),A = Area (ha)A = Area (ha).



Pedotransfer function for BD estimation

PTF for mineral bulk density for soils in tropical regions → ISRIC soil database (Tempel et al. 1996) :

ρm = 0.935 + 0.049Log(d) + 0.0055Sand – 0.0000653 (Sand – 38.96)2

ρm = the mineral bulk density (g cm-3), d = the mean depth of the sample (cm), Sand = the percentage by mass of sand (50-2000 mm) (g 100 g-1).



Pedotransfer function for BD

Bulk density (ρb) is then predicted from mineral bulk density adjusted for organic matter content (Adams, 1973):

OM% = organic matter mass percentage andOM% organic matter mass percentage, and ρOM = organic matter bulk density = 0.224 g cm-3.



Estimate of Soil Carbon Estimate of Soil Carbon Stock in IndonesiaStock in Indonesia

Soil Carbon Stock (0-30 cm) & its parameter derived from Sumatra DatabaseSu at a atabase

Soil Order Bulk Density (Mg m-3) Soil Organic Carbon (% weight)

Soil Carbon Stock (Mg ha-1)

Average Range Average Range Average Used PDTAlfisols 1.23 + 0.08 1.07 – 1.31**) 1.43 + 0.73 0.35 - 2.69 42.31 + 20.13 37.02 + 5.89

E ti l 1 18 + 0 24 0 94 1 60**) 3 18 + 2 45 0 04 9 91 118 02 + 97 35 91 86 + 75 21Entisols 1.18 + 0.24 0.94 – 1.60**) 3.18 + 2.45 0.04 - 9.91 118.02 + 97.35 91.86 + 75.21

Histosols 0.44 + 0.04 0.1 – 0.8 *) 42.08 + 10.23 25.10 - 60.18 599.69 + 143.26 334.72 + 73.91

Inceptisols 1.16 + 0.16 0.91 - 1.36 2.34 + 1.57 0.09 - 9.84 70.42 + 47.74 67.41+ 50.55

Andisols 0.80 + 0.05 0.76 - 0.850.65 – 0.85*)

5.24 + 4.17 0.31 - 19.94 167.64 + 144.10 117.65 + 63.98

Mollisols 1.34 + 0.10 1.27 – 1.49**) 3.28 + 1.75 0.89 - 6.05 99.12 + 65.92 75.67 + 24.26

Oxisols 1.04 + 0.18 0.73 - 1.26 2.06 + 1.15 0.58 - 8.18 61.86 + 33.84 62.46 + 28.77

Spodosols 0.97 + 0.17 0.85 - 1.09 3.16 + 2.54 0.65 -10.39 84.78 + 85.87 60.35 + 32.03

Ultisols 1.16 + 0.11 1.00 – 1.31 1.86 + 1.38 0.15 - 9.87 61.30 + 44.77 54.56 + 29.25Ultisols 1.16 + 0.11 1.00 1.31 1.86 + 1.38 0.15 9.87 61.30 + 44.77 54.56 + 29.25

Sources : *) van Noordwijk et al. (1997), Wright and Hanlon (2009), FAO (2001); and **) Suprayogo et al. (2006), Seguel and Horn (2006)



Soil organic C content of 0-30 cm for South Sumatra Province,

Indonesia

Soil Organic Carbon Stock of South SumateraSoil Organic Carbon Stock of South Sumatera

300350400450

0cm

050

100150200250

Mg/

ha/3

0

0

Alfi

sols

And

isol

s

Ent

isol

s

His

toso

ls

Ince

ptis

ols

Mol

lisol

s

Oxi

sols

Spo

doso

ls

Ulti

sols



Soil organic C content of 0-30 cm, Indonesia



Soil organic C stock of 0-30 cm, Indonesia

Land use and Carbon content relationship

Not enough information to separate different Land uses in current database room in current database room for future improvement



ConclusionsConclusions

•• Utilization of soil database will be very prospective in the Utilization of soil database will be very prospective in the future in support of GHG emission reduction and carbon future in support of GHG emission reduction and carbon t di ff t t di ff t trading efforts. trading efforts.

•• The results of this analysis demonstrate that Indonesian The results of this analysis demonstrate that Indonesian soil database have a good potential for estimating soil soil database have a good potential for estimating soil soil database have a good potential for estimating soil soil database have a good potential for estimating soil carbon stock, as well as to predict scarbon stock, as well as to predict soil C losses and oil C losses and sequestration as affected by land use changes and land sequestration as affected by land use changes and land management systemsmanagement systemsmanagement systems.management systems.



ConclusionsConclusions

•• Limitation of ICALRD current land resources database :Limitation of ICALRD current land resources database :•• Bulk density measurement has not been consistently included in the Bulk density measurement has not been consistently included in the

current soil survey protocolcurrent soil survey protocolcurrent soil survey protocol.current soil survey protocol.•• The land use data contained in the current soil database has not been The land use data contained in the current soil database has not been

clearly identified and this limits our analysis in relating the change clearly identified and this limits our analysis in relating the change in land use and soil organic carbon content.in land use and soil organic carbon content.

•• Future soil surveys are strongly recommended to include bulk Future soil surveys are strongly recommended to include bulk density measurement and clear identification of land use landdensity measurement and clear identification of land use landdensity measurement and clear identification of land use land density measurement and clear identification of land use land management system of the point of observationmanagement system of the point of observation

•• Integration of soil database with other databases, such as climate is very Integration of soil database with other databases, such as climate is very useful for an improved analysis of soil carbon estimationuseful for an improved analysis of soil carbon estimationuseful for an improved analysis of soil carbon estimation.useful for an improved analysis of soil carbon estimation.



AcknowledgmentAcknowledgment

OurOur gratitudegratitude goesgoes toto ::gg gg DrDr DD.. SubardjaSubardja ofof ICALRD,ICALRD, DrDr.. BudimanBudiman MinasnyMinasny ofof

UniversityUniversity ofof SydneySydney andand MrMr DavidDavid JacquierJacquier ofof CSIROCSIROUniversityUniversity ofof Sydney,Sydney, andand MrMr.. DavidDavid JacquierJacquier ofof CSIROCSIROCanberra,Canberra, AustraliaAustralia forfor adviceadvice && guidanceguidance forfor thisthis paperpaperwhichwhich werewere usefuluseful inin derivingderiving conclusionsconclusions..

MrMr.. SaefoelSaefoel BachriBachri andand MrMr.. AdiAdi PriyonoPriyono forfor preparingpreparing thethedatadata && analysisanalysis..yy

AllAll peoplepeople whowho havehave contributedcontributed toto thisthis paperpaper..



Th k YThank You

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