indonesia perspective on post-2015 development agenda · indonesia perspective on post-2015...

KEMENTERIAN PERENCANAAN PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL/KEMENTERIAN PERENCANAAN PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL/BADAN PERENCANAAN PEMBANGUNAN NASIONALBADAN PERENCANAAN PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL

Indonesia Perspective on PostIndonesia Perspective on Post--2015 2015 Development AgendaDevelopment Agenda

SanjoyoSanjoyoDirector of Population, Women Empowerment and Child Protection/Director of Population, Women Empowerment and Child Protection/

National Development Planning Agency (Bappenas)National Development Planning Agency (Bappenas)Arum AtmawikartaArum Atmawikarta

Executive Secretary of National MDGs SecretariatExecutive Secretary of National MDGs Secretariat

Asian Perpective on Post 2015 Development: Taking Stock, Harnessing Knowlwdge and Achieving Results,Seoul, Korea, 13 June 2012 Indonesia

KEMENTERIAN PPN/KEMENTERIAN PPN/BAPPENASBAPPENAS

OUTLINEOUTLINE

A. MDGs Progress in IndonesiaI. MDGs AccelerationII. Status Achievements of Indonesia MDGsIII. Main Challenges in MDGs Achievements

B. Role Human CapitalB. Role Human CapitalC. Views on Post 2015 Development Agenda

I. Lesson Learnt of MDGsII. The Need of Successor to the MDGs

D.Rocomendation and Sugestion2


A. MDGs Progress In IndonesiaA. MDGs Progress In Indonesia

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I. MDGs AccelerationI. MDGs Acceleration

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MDGs Acceleration in IndonesiaMDGs Acceleration in IndonesiaMandated Mandated by Presidential Instruction 3/2010 on Justice Development Programmeby Presidential Instruction 3/2010 on Justice Development Programme

§ Roadmap to Accelerate the Achievement of MDGs in Indonesia has been formulated

§ MDGs to Development Planning Documents (National and sub-national) has been integrated

§ All provinces, in collaboration with districts/cities, § All provinces, in collaboration with districts/cities, have developed Provincial Action Plans (RAD) for the MDGs

§ Innovative MDGs Financing to accelerate the achievement of MDGs acceleration has been formulated

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MDGs ROADMAPMDGs ROADMAP

§ Summary of Achievement§ Current Status§ Challenges

Policy and Strategy§ Policy and Strategy§ Matrix of each target

achievement§ Provincial Profile on MDGs

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KEMENTERIAN PERENCANAAN PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL/KEMENTERIAN PERENCANAAN PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL/BADAN PERENCANAAN PEMBANGUNAN NASIONALBADAN PERENCANAAN PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL

INTEGRATING THE MDGs IN DEVELOPMENT PLANNING DOCUMENTS

RPJPN(NLTDP)

RPJMN RKP(Govt Annual

APBN

MIL

LEN

NIM

U D

EVEL

OPM

ENT

GO

ALS

PRESIDENT’ VISION & MISSION

Presidential Instruction No. 3/2010

Ensuring Funding for MDG Activities

INTEGRATING THE MDGS INTO DEVELOPMENT PLANNING DOCUMENTS

RPJMN(NMTDP)

RENSTRA K/L(Ministerial Strat. Plan)

RPJMD(Local MTDP)

RENSTRA DAERAH

(Local Govt. Strat. Plan)

(Govt Annual Plan)

RKPD(Local Govt. Annual Plan)

APBN(State Budget)

APBD(Local Govt Budget)

MIL

LEN

NIM

U D

EVEL

OPM

ENT

GO

ALS

PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION

LOCAL GOV’TMission &

Vision

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MDGS has been mainstreamed in planning documents (long-term, medium-term, and yearly) and budget documents at national and sub national level.


Provincial Action Plan on MDGsProvincial Action Plan on MDGs

§ Action plans on MDGs at provincial and district levels are inline with National Development Planning Document and Roadmap for MDGsRoadmap for MDGs

§ The Action Plans accomodate sub-national tergets, programs and activities to achieve national MDGs targets

§ Endorsement by Governors Decree

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Innovative MDGs FinancingInnovative MDGs Financing

§ Improvement of fund allocation both at the central and sub-national levels.

§ Enhancement of the Partnerships between Government and private sector (Public Private Partnership or PPP) in social sectors, especially in education and health. education and health.

§ Strengthened mechanisms for improving Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives to support MDG achievement.

§ Enhancement of development cooperation to achieve the MDGs targets related to debt conversion (debt swap) with creditor countries (international cooperations)

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II. Status Achievements of Indonesia MDGsMDGs

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MDG TARGETS THAT have ALREADY ACHIEVED

GOAL 3 : PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWER WOMEN • The target for gender equality in all levels of education is expected to be

achieved. • Net enrollment ratios of girls to boys in SD/MI/Paket A and SMP/MTs/Paket B

in 2010 were 99.86 and 102,02 respectively.• Literacy rate of women to men in age group of 15-24 years old has reached

99,93 (2010).

GOAL 6 (TARGET 6C) : COMBAT TUBERCULOSIS (TB)• Detected tuberculosis cases increased from 20.0% (2000) to 82,69 (2011)

compared to the target of 70.0% (2015).• Success rate of TB increased from 87.0% (2000) to 90,29% (2011) compared to

the target of 85.0 % (2015)

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MDG TARGETS WITH SIGNIFICANT IMPROVEMENT

GOAL 1 : ERADICATE EXTREME POVERTY AND HUNGER• Extreme poverty, proportion of the population having per capita income of

less than US$1 a day, has dropped from 20.6% (1990) to 2.08% (2011).• Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age decreased almost

50% from 31% (1989) to 18.4% (2007), and become 17.9% (2010). • The target for 2015 of 15.5% is expected to be achieved.

GOAL 2 : ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION GOAL 2 : ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION • Net enrollment rate for primary education almost achieves 100 %• Literacy rate of the population reached 99.49% in 2010

GOAL 3 : PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWER WOMEN • The target for gender equality in all levels of education is expected to be

achieved. • Net enrollment ratios of girls to boys in SMA/MA/Paket C in 2010 were 96.04.• Women contribution on non-agriculture sector was 36.6% (2010).• Proportion of women in national parliament reached 18.4% (2011).

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GOAL 4 : REDUCE CHILD MORTALITYMortality rate for children under-five years of age decreased from 97 per 1,000 live births in 1991 to 44 per 1,000 live births in 2007 and is expected to be achieved the target of 32 per 1,000 live births in 2015

GOAL 7 : ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

• Indonesia has high greenhouse gas emissions, but the country remains committed to increase forest cover, eliminate illegal logging and implement a policy framework to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by at least 26% over the next 20 years.

• Special attention is required to achieve the MDG targets by 2015.

GOAL 8 : DEVELOP A GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP FOR DEVELOPMENT

• Indonesia has managed to develop an open, rule-based, predictable, non-discriminatory trading and financial systems - as indicated by the positive trends in indicators related to trade and the national banking system.

• Significant progress has been made in reducing foreign debt ratio to GDP, from 24.6% (1996) to 8,3%(2011).

• The ratio of government debt (both national and international debt) has been reduced from 50.7% in 1996 to 22,5 % in 2011.

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MDG TARGETS THAT NEED FURTHER IMPROVEMENT

GOAL 5 : IMPROVE MATERNAL HEALTH• Maternal mortality rate has fallen from 390 (1991) to 228 per 100,000

live births (2007). • Special effort is needed to achieve the 2015 target of 102 per

GOAL 1 : ERADICATE EXTREME POVERTY AND HUNGER• Percentage of people that below poverty line reached 12,49% (2011).• The target for 2015 of 15.5% is expected to be achieved.

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• Special effort is needed to achieve the 2015 target of 102 per 100,000 live births.

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GOAL 6 : COMBAT HIV/AIDS• Proportion of people with HIV/AIDS has increased, particularly

among high risk groups such as injecting drug users and sex workers. • The growth rate of HIV/AIDS is very high in areas where awareness of

the disease remains low.• Greater effort are needed to as to achieve 2015 target.

GOAL 7 : ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

• Indonesia has high greenhouse gas emissions, but the country remains committed to increase forest cover, eliminate illegal logging and implement a policy framework to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by at least 26% over the next 20 years.

• Currently, only 53.26% (2010) of households have sustainable access to safe drinking water, and 55.54% (2010) of them have access to basic sanitation.

• Special attention is required to achieve the MDG targets by 2015.• Special attention is required to achieve the MDG targets by 2015.

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§ National MDG Team and MDG Secretariat establishedand operated

§ Operational & Technical guidelines for RAD formulation§ Technical guidelines for fiscal incentive, RAD review, CSR

and PPP, target projection and operational definitions of

National System to Strengthen MDGs Achievement

and PPP, target projection and operational definitions of the MDG indicators for provinces & districts, budget mapping .

§ Capacity development activities for the National MDGsTeam including preparation for technical assistance to provinces in RAD development

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III. Main Challenges in MDGs AchievementsAchievements

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Main Challenges in MDGs Achievements

1. Wide DISPARITY of MDGs achievements § Reducing disparities MDGs performance among geographic, socio

economic, and gender§ Focus on Goals, targets, and indicators for the Goals that need

special efforts to achive such as MMR.

2. Resources for implementing the strategy§ Effectiveness and efficiency of resource utilization that need to be § Effectiveness and efficiency of resource utilization that need to be

improved.

3. Synergy between Central and Regional Development§ Mainstreaming MDGs into the Regional Development Plan

especially at District and City levels§ Based on national roadmap: how to distribute and set MDGs

target at sub-national level to support cumulative national achievement

§ Decentralization regulation: authority and responsibility between central and local government, fund channeling for financial assistance from central level.

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Challenges (cont.)Challenges (cont.)

4. Commitment of stakeholders (legislative and executive) in central and sub-national level§ Setting development priority and ensure budget allocation for MDGs

achievement§ Establishment of coordination mechanism at National and Sub National Levels§ Strengthening legal basis for acceleration of MDGs at National and Sub

National Levels§ Advocacy for the important stakeholders on MDGs i.e., executive body,

legislative body, medias, universities, research centers, political parties, private sectors, NGOs, and international partners sectors, NGOs, and international partners

5. Various capacity of sub-national level§ Availability and distribution of human resources, public service facilities, and

financing capacity. § Existing capacity sub-national level to formulate planning, budget

allocation, monitoring, evaluation of MDGs

6. Monitoring and evaluation of the performance of MDGs achievement in central and sub-national level§ Availability of MDGs related data, especially at sub national levels§ MDGs database at national and sub-national level

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B. The Role of Human Capital in Indoensia DevelopmentIndoensia Development

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o Mainstreaming HDI into long term development plan, mid term development plan, annual development plan

o Formulate strategy to increase HDI in 5 years development plan and annual development plan at National and Sub National

Human Development Index (HDI)Human Development Index (HDI)

development plan and annual development plan at National and Sub National

o Use HDI as the indicators of success development at National and Sub National

o Use HDI as the parameter for budget allocationo Regular report of HDI at National and Sub

National Level

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o Mainstreaming MDGs into long term development plan, mid term development plan, annual development plan in National and Sub National level

o Formulate action plan to achieve MDGs at National level and Sub National levelStrengthening monitoring and evaluation system

MDGSMDGS

o Strengthening monitoring and evaluation systemo Incentive system to Sub National level based on

good performances of MDGso Develop scheme of budgeting to support MDGs

through CSR and PPP

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C. Views on Post 2015 Development AgendaDevelopment Agenda

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I. Lesson Learnt of MDGsI. Lesson Learnt of MDGs

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Lesson Learnt of MDGs (1)

§ The successor goals and targets must consider lessons from the current iplementation of MDGs– MDGs focus on sub-sections of certain social sectors

and important human needs à poverty alleviation, improved health status and education attaintments and evironmental proctection . evironmental proctection .

§ The MDGs have raised public awareness and helped mobilising action to support of poverty eradication efforts across the world.

§ MDGs have provided a framework for monitoring progress and highlighting areas of achievement.

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Lesson Learnt of MDGs (2)

§ MDGs have general objectives followed by definite quantitative and time-bound targets, therefore progress can be measured and gaps can be identified.

§ The MDGs only set interim targets, such as to § The MDGs only set interim targets, such as to halve the proportion of people who experience hunger, or to reduce by two-thirds the under-five mortality rate. – The MDGs are global targets; they must be adapted at the national

level to reflect each country's specific capacities, constraints and challenges

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II. The Need of Successor to The MDGs : Suggestions MDGs : Suggestions

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Indicator MDGs 2015 Post MDGs 2015

GOAL 1. Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger

1.1 Proportion of population below USD 1 (PPP) per dayNeed to be discussed

1.2 Poverty gap ratio (incidence x depth of poverty) Ö

Target 1B: Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people

1.4 Growth rate of GDP per person employed Ö

1.5 Employment-to-population (over 15 years of age) Ö

Proportion of own-account and contributing family workers in total 1.7

Proportion of own-account and contributing family workers in total employment

Ö

Target 1C: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger

1.8 Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age Ö

1.8a Prevalence of severe underweight children under-five years of age Ö

1.8b Prevalence of moderate underweight children under-five years of age Ö

1.9Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption: Ö- 1400 kcal/capita/day Ö

- 2000 kcal/capita/day Ö28


GOAL 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education

Target 2A: Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete full course of primary schooling

2.1 Net Enrolment Ratio (NER) in primary education Ö

2.2. Proportion of pupils starting grade 1 who complete primary school. Ö

2.3 Literacy rate of population aged 15-24 year, women and men Ö

Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower WomenTarget 3A: Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education, preferably by 2005, and in all Target 3A: Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education, preferably by 2005, and in all levels of education no later than 2015

3.1 Ratios of girls to boys in primary, secondary and tertiary education Ö

- Ratio of girls to boys in primary schools Ö

- Ratio of girls to boys in junior high schools Ö

- Ratio of girls to boys in senior high schools Ö

- Ratio of girls to boys in higher education Ö

3.1a Literacy ratio of women to men in the 15-24 year age group Ö

3.2 Share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector Ö

3.3 Proportion of seats held by women in national parliament Ö

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Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality

Target 4A: Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate

4.1 Under-five mortality rate per 1,000 live births Ö

4.2 Infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births Ö

4.2a Neonatal mortality rate per 1,000 live births Ö

4.3 Proportion of one-year-old children immunized against measles Ö

Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health

Target 5A: Reduce by three-quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the Maternal Mortality Ratio

5.1 Maternal Mortality Ratio (per 100,000 live births) Need revision5.1 Maternal Mortality Ratio (per 100,000 live births) Need revision

5.2 Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Ö

Target 5B: Achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproductive health

5.3Current contraceptive use among married women 15-49 years old, any method

Ö

5.3aCurrent contraceptive use among married women 15-49 years old, modern method

Ö

5.4 Adolescent birth rate (per 1000 women aged 15-19) Ö

5.5 Antenatal care coverage (at least one visit and at least four visists) Ö

- 1 visit: Ö

- 4 visits: Ö

5.6 Unmet need for family planning Ö30


Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other DiseasesTarget 6A: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reserve the spread of HIV/AIDS

6.1 HIV/AIDS Prevalence among total population (percent) Ö

6.2 Condom use at last high-risk sex Ö

6.3Proportion of population aged 15-24 years with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS

Ö

- Married Ö

- Unmarried Ö

Target 6B: Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment forHIV/AIDS for all those who need it

6.5Proportion of population with advanced HIV infection with access to antiretroviral drugs

Ö

Target 6C: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of Malaria and other major diseases

6.6 Incidence and death rates associated with Malaria (per 1,000) Ö6.6 Incidence and death rates associated with Malaria (per 1,000) Ö

66.a Incidence rate associated with Malaria (per 1,000): Ö

6.7 Proportion of children under 5 sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets Ö

6.8Proportion of children under 5 with fever who are treated with appropriate anti-malarial drugs

Ö

6.9 Incidence, prevalence and death rates associated with Tuberculosis Ö

6.9a Incidence rates associated with Tuberculosis (all cases/100,000 pop/year) Ö

6.9b Prevalence rate of Tuberculosis (per 100,000) Ö

6.9c Death rate of Tuberculosis (per 100,000) Ö

6.10Proportion of Tuberculosis cases detected and cured under directly observed treatment short courses

Ö

6.10aProportion of Tuberculosis cases detected under directly observed treatment short course (DOTS) Ö

6.10b Proportion of Tuberculosis cases cured under DOTS Ö 31


Goal 7: Ensure Environmental SustainabilityTarget 7: Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programs and reverse the loss of environmental resources

7.1The ratio of actual forest cover to total land area based on the review of satellite imagery and aerial photographic surveys

Need revision

7.2 Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions Need revision

7.2a Primary energy consumption (per capita) Need revision

7.2b. Energy Intensity Need revision

7.2c Energy Elasticity Need revision

7.2d Energy mix for renewable energy Need revision

7.3 Total consumption of ozone depleting substances (ODS) in metric tons Need revision

7.4 Proportion of fish stocks within safe biological limits Need revision

The ratio of terrestrial areas protected to maintain biological diversity to total terrestrial 7.5

The ratio of terrestrial areas protected to maintain biological diversity to total terrestrial area

Need revision

7.6 The ratio of marine protected areas to total territorial marine area Need revisionTarget 7C: Halve, by 2015, the proportion of households without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation

7.8Proportion of households with sustainable access to an improved water source, urban and rural

Ö

7.8a Urban Ö

7.8b Rural Ö

7.9 Proportion of households with sustainable access to basic sanitation, urban and rural Ö

7.9a Urban Ö

7.9b Rural Ö

Target 7D: By 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers

7.10 Proportion of urban population living in slums Ö32


Goal 8: Develop a Global Partnership for DevelopmentTarget 8A: Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, non-discriminatory trading and financial systems

8.6a Ratio of Exports + Imports to GDP (indicator of economic openness) Ö

8.6b Loans to Deposit Ratio in commercial banks Ö

8.6c Loans to Deposit Ratio in rural banks Ö

Target 8D: Deal comprehensively with the debt problems of developing countries through national and international measures in order to make debt sustainable in the long terminternational measures in order to make debt sustainable in the long term

8.12 Ratio of International Debt to GDP Ö

8.12a Debt Service Ratio (DSR) Ö

Target 8F: In cooperation with the private sector, make available the benefits of new technologies, especially information and communications

8.14Proportion of population with fixed-line telephones (teledensity in population)

Ö

8.15 Proportion of population with cellular phones Ö

8.16 Proportion of households with access to internet Ö

8.16a Proportion of households with personal computers Ö

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D. Recomendation and Sugestion D. Recomendation and Sugestion

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o Goal 1 : Increase the standard of income, more than USD 1; additional indicators for Target 1C, such as stunting

o Goal 2 : Increase the targets of education to quality education and secondary education

o Goal 3 : Increase gender equality not only in the parliament but also in the executive

o Goal 4 : Additional indicator, such as antenatal care and maternal nutrition

Global PerspectiveGlobal Perspective

nutritiono Goal 5 : More action oriented indicators, such as intervention for

maternal and pre maternal serviceso Goal 6 : Issue on non communication disease, such as diabetes mellitus,

hypertension, heart diseases, cancero Goal 7 : Focus on access of water, access of sanitation, and urban

slumso Goal 8 : Support technical assistance and financial assistances from

develop country

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o Goals, targets, and indicators similar with global perspectiveo Reducing disparities among geographic, socioeconomic, and gendero Affirmative policy to address inequality in term of regulatory and

budgetaryo Technical guidelines for planning, budgeting, monitoring, and evaluation at

National and Sub National Level

Indonesia Indonesia PerpectivePerpective

National and Sub National Levelo Based on series of National survey, need adjustment for some indicators o Country level initiative :

– Mainstreaming the global goals into National and Sub National development agenda– Increase commitment of National and Sub National not only for Government sectors but

also multi stakeholders, such as parliaments, medias, NGOs, research center, universities, etc.

– Guidelines of budgeting system for 5 years and annual planned

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