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Individual Project

BySandeep LohithakshanStudent Number: 0584171

University of OxfordOxford is one of most reputed universities in the world, situated in

London. There are over 20,000 students at Oxford, including

11,765 undergraduates and 8,701 postgraduates. A high percentage

of staff are citizens of foreign countries. Oxford also has one of the

lowest drop-out rates in the UK: figures published in Spring 2010

by the Higher Education Statistics Agency (HESA) show that only

1 per cent of Oxford students dropped out, compared with the

national average of 7.2 per cent.Oxford University hacking incidentThere was one international student. In past he did graduation in

security management. He knows about hacking and breaking

passwords because of his earlier studies. Its his first year in

Oxford University for masters of security. His first year exams

were approaching and he hadnt prepared for exams and for

achieving good marks. He started deep search on university site

and started hacking site and after few days he got successful to


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break internal securities and copied all questions few days before

exams.Few months ago, there were another group of x-students which

were expelled out from university because of their bad records. To

take revenge they hacked college site with help of professional

hackers and took whole usernames and passwords of alumnipeople and posted it on university website and emailed to every

student of university. By this university had lost its some

reputation.As a result of recent incidents, university wants to tackle all these

incidents and wants to regain its reputation. And make sure to all

students and alumni of university that this thing will never happen

again.

Note: Oxford University exists in reality, one of the largest

universities in the world. The scenario is fictitious, however a real

possible threat

SummaryIt was very unfortunate that the incident has occurred in veryreputed university such as this. Now that we are done with it,important that we give a post-mortem report to understandpossibly went wrong.Since many students were able to hack into the systems, apossible threat was that the system could have had weakpasswords, or the antivirus system installed was not updatedgenuine. Firewalls could have been improper.Another threat that the university will face is the reputation.University will have to find ways to deal with this.Solutions? Needless to say, the Oxford University will have to

improve its security system. System passwords will have tostrengthened. The antivirus softwares will have to beupdated. Firewalls should be strong. All of these will have toproperly tested and improved. The Oxford University willhave find out ways to manage the media.

SWOT AnalysisStrengthsOxford University has a world-class reputation for academic

excellence.College life is one of the Universitys greatest assets.Student LifeThere are over 20,000 students at Oxford, including 11,765

undergraduates and 8,701 postgraduates.Oxford has one of the lowest drop-out rates in the UK.Undergraduate coursesOver 17,000 people applied for an undergraduate place for entry in

in 2010, an increase of 12 per cent on the previous year.Applications from state school candidates for undergraduate places

places have risen by 85 per cent over the last ten years, and from


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independent school candidates by 68 per cent. The number of

places available has remained roughly the same.Oxford receives, on average, five applications for each available

place.98.6 per cent of those taking A-levels who enter the University

achieve grades of AAA or better.

The collegiate University conducts more than 24,000 interviewsfor around 10,500 applicants over the two-week interview period

in December.InternationalOxford CollegesThe collegiate system is at the heart of the Universitys success,

giving students and academics the benefits of belonging to both a

large, internationally renowned institution and to a small,

interdisciplinary academic community.Colleges bring together leading academics and students across

subjects and year groups, and from different cultures and countries.

countries.

The relatively small number of students at each college allows forclose and supportive personal attention to be given to the

induction, academic development and welfare of individual

students.Oxford ResearchOxford's research activity involves more than 70 departments, the

colleges, over 1,600 academic staff, more than 3,500 research and

research support staff, and over 4,600 graduate research students.

students.Oxford has more world-leading academics (rated 4* in the 2008

national Research Assessment Exercise) than any other UK

university. Oxford also has the highest number of world-leading or

internationally excellent (4* or 3*) academics in the UK.At graduate level, 58 per cent of students are studying for a higher

degree by research.External research grants and contracts continue to be the

Universitys largest source of income. In 2008-9, 40 per cent

(340.5 million) of income came from external research sponsors.Research income has doubled in the last five years and grew by

almost 20 per cent between 2008 and 2009 alone.Oxford consistently has the highest research income from external

sponsors of any UK university.The number of research grants and contracts won in 2008-9

reached over 1,900.Oxford, through Isis Innovation Limited, our wholly owned

technology transfer company, pioneered the successful commercial

commercial exploitation of academic research and invention. It has

has created 65 companies since 1997 and files, on average, one

patent application each week.In the year to March 2009, Isis Innovation's trading turnover

increased from 4.8 million to 5.6 million, four new spin-out

companies were created and the number of new consultancy

agreements almost doubled to 151.


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Oxford Awards and RankingsOxfords academic community includes 80 Fellows of the Royal

Society and 100 Fellows of the British Academy.In 2010, eight Oxford professors were elected to the Fellowship of

the British Academy.In 2010, four Oxford professors were elected to the Fellowship of

the Royal Society.In 2010, four Oxford professors were elected to the Fellowship of

the Academy of Medical Sciences.The successes of Oxfords academics are recognised regularly in

the award of prestigious international prizes, such as the Gairdner

Award for medical research, awarded in 2010 to Professor Peter

Ratcliffe and Professor Nick White; the International Balzan Prize,

awarded to Professor Terence Cave in 2009; the Louis-Jeantet

Prize for Medicine, given to Professor Peter Ratcliffe in 2009; the

Royal Society's Copley Medal, awarded in 2008 to Professor Sir

Roger Penrose; the Gairdner Award for medical research,

bestowed in 2007 on Professor Kim Nasmyth; and a Lasker Awardfor Clinical Medical Research, won in 2005 by Professor Sir Ed

Southern.Oxford University has won seven Queen's Anniversary Prizes for

Higher Education, more than any other university. The prizes were

were awarded to: the University's museums, libraries and archives

(2009); the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography at Oxford

University Press (2007), the Clinical Trial Service Unit (2005), the

Refugee Studies Centre (2002), the Centre for Clinical

& Tropical Medicine (2000), the Weatherall Institute of Molecular

Medicine (1996), and Isis Innovation Ltd (1994).Oxford was ranked joint fifth in the world in the Times Higher

Education Supplements World University Rankings 2009. In the

disciplinary tables, Oxford was ranked second in the world in artand humanities and in life sciences and biomedicine; third in the

social sciences; fifth in the natural sciences; and eleventh in

engineering and information technology.Oxford is repeatedly ranked in the top ten of universities

worldwide in the annual tables compiled by Shanghai Jiaotong

University.In June 2010, the annual Times Good University Guide named

Oxford Britains top university for the ninth year running.In May 2010, Oxford University topped The Guardians UK

rankings for the sixth consecutive year.In May 2010, Oxford topped The Independent's league table for

the eighth time in nine years.In September 2009, Oxford University was ranked first in the UK

by the annual Sunday Times Good University Guide, completing a

clean sweep of British national newspaper league tables for 2009.

The Sunday Times also named Oxford University of the Year.In theFinancialTimes Global Rankings (Jan 2010), the Sad

Business School's MBA programme was ranked 16th in the world

and second in the UK. The Sad Business School is also ranked in

the top 20 European Business Schools (Dec 2009) and in the top


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20 MBA programmes in the world (Jan 2009) by theFinancial

Times; the top 10 business schools outside the USA byBusiness

Week(Nov 2009) and the top 15 accelerated MBA programmes

worldwide by the Wall Street Journal(Sep 2009).Museums, Collections and Libraries

Oxford has the largest university library system in the UK, with

over 100 libraries.The Bodleian Libraries, which manage most of the main

University libraries, hold over 11 million printed items and vast

quantities of materials in many other formats, on shelving

measuring more than 250 kilometres.The Bodleian Library, the Universitys main research library, dates

from 1602 and is globally acknowledged to be one of the greatest

libraries in the world. Its priceless collections include the papers of

six British Prime Ministers; a Gutenberg Bible; the earliest

surviving book written wholly in English; a quarter of the worlds

original copies of the Magna Carta; and almost 10,000 western

medieval and renaissance manuscripts.WeaknessesSuch a reputed college such as this would naturally have fewer

weaknesses. Oxford University has poor security systems.

Computer systems have weak passwords. The antivirus softwares

have weak passwords. The systems also dont have proper

firewalls.OpportunitiesTutorialsIn tutorials our undergraduates meet their tutor alone or with one

or two other students, meaning greater personal attention and the

tailoring of learning to meet students' individual needs. Tutorials

foster the skills of hard work, self motivation, and confidence.They also foster the ability to process and synthesise large amounts

amounts of material, subject-specific skills of research and

argument, and the ability to write coherently and under time

pressure.Researching and writing essays, or preparing solutions to set

problems, for discussion with the tutor requires self-motivation and

and excellent time management. Unlike lectures, or even group

seminars, there is nowhere to hide. Ideas are subjected to close

scrutiny and challenge.The tutorial is a unique opportunity to discover what an individual

undergraduate doesnt yet know to determine how far their

understanding extends, or where they might be making a crucialmistake and to respond accordingly.The college tutor provides continuity of guidance and support

throughout a student's degree.Oxford teaches you to have the courage to stand up for your ideas

and the humility to back down when proven wrong. You are taught

not just the subject matter, but how to present, persuade and

explain. It's a personalised, world-class education.World Class Education


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Students learn how to think for themselves, formulate and defend

arguments and accept constructive criticism skills which are

highly valued by employers. Oxford teaches you to have the

courage to stand up for your ideas and the humility to back down

when proven wrong. You are taught not just the subject matter, but

but how to present, persuade and explain. It's a personalised,world-class education.Students are taught by academic leaders in their field.Forty per cent of our academic staff are citizens of foreign

countries.Our academic staff come from almost 100 different countries and

territories. The largest groups of international academic staff are

from the USA, Germany, Italy, China, Australia, France, Ireland,

India and Canada.Over a third of our total student body - more than 7,500 students -

are citizens of foreign countries, including 15 per cent

of undergraduates and 61 per cent of graduate students.Students come to Oxford from 145 countries and territories. The

largest groups of international students come from the USA(1,397), China and Hong Kong (732), Germany (695), Canada

(378), India (320), Australia (261), Italy (210), Ireland (194),

France (192), and Singapore (163).Oxford has more than a dozen centres and institutes specialising in

in the study of specific countries and regions.Oxford is the leading centre for the study of China in Europe and

has one of the top five departments in the world in Japanese

Studies.Oxford is one of the leading centres for the study of globalisation,

through the James Martin 21st Century School, the Programme on

Global Economic Governance, the Oxford Department of

International Development (which created the worlds first refugeestudies programme), and our global health programmes.Oxfords Centre for Tropical Medicine conducts cutting edge

research at its laboratories in Kenya, Vietnam and Thailand.Oxford boasts one of the most extensive global alumni networks in

the world, with more than 170 groups in over 60 countries.Oxford University Press (OUP), publisher of the famous

dictionaries and a department of the University, is the worlds

largest university press. It has offices in more than 50 countries,

and almost 5,000 employees worldwide.In China alone, 14 million school children use Oxford books every

year, and internationally around 16 million children use Oxford

ELT materials to learn English.ThreatsDue to poor security systems, there is a risk of a black hats or

unauthorized users accessing the computer systems. Also the poor

antivirus systems and firewalls give a high probability of unwanted

data entering the systems.Oxford University also will have to manage faulty media reports in

the case of disasters to keep its reputation secure.Business impact Analysis


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RecognitionRisk assessmenty Risk to reputationFalse reports from the media could keep the reputation of the

university at risk.y Risks to inputNumber of applicants for the next academic intake and also thenumber of applicants for job postings could decline.y Risk because of business toolsDue to poor antivirus systems, vital data could be lost.ClassificationExternal research grants and contracts continue to be the

Universitys largest source of income. In 2008-9, 40 per cent

(340.5 million) of income came from external research sponsors.In 2008-9 40 per cent (340.5 million) of total income was derived

derived from external research sponsors.Of the remaining income, 23 per cent came from grants from the

Higher Education Funding Council for England and the Teaching

and Development Agency; 14 per cent from academic fees; and 23

per cent from other sources including trading activities and

investments.In May 2008 Oxford launched the biggest fund-raising campaign

ever by a European university, aiming to raise at least 1.25

billion. Over 883 million of this total has now been raised.There is non-participation of ICT in the ownershipPoliticsOxford University set itself on a collision course with the

government by warning that it could be worse off if ministers

adopted the proposals of an inquiry into university funding.Labour and the Conservatives commissioned the year-long

independent review to examine ways to ensure English universitiesuniversities had enough money to secure their vitality in the

future.Top universities had warned that the status quo was not viable. The

The review, led by former BP chief executive Lord Browne, was

published earlier and recommended that tuition fees currently

capped at 3,290 should be able to rise to as much as 12,000.

The government broadly supports Brownes proposals, but wants

to cap fees at less than 12,000.In a letter posted on Oxfords website, vice-chancellor Professor

Andrew Hamilton, warned that the 800-year-old institution could

face a shortfall. Hamilton said a steep rise in tuition fees may not

offset cuts to the higher education budget, down from 7.1bn to4.2bn. The government has promised cuts to teaching budgets,

but will not state how deep these will be until around Christmas.

ApplicationCosting


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Cost of Downtime & Return on InvestmentTotal University expenditure in 20089 was 852 million.Oxford spends about 14% of its income every year for

technological recovery.Oxford spent 31 per cent of its additional fee income in 2008-9 on

bursaries and scholarships for lower income students, in

comparison with a sector average of 25.8 per cent.Oxford spends over 2.8m each year on outreach activities,

in addition to money spent on bursaries, bringing its total spend on

on outreach to nearly 8 million, one of the highest in the country.Over 12 million is awarded to graduate students each year

through central University scholarship schemes. A further 400

graduate scholarships are offered by colleges, departments, and

faculties.TimelineThe University needs to find a long term solution to the secuirity

problems. The university should take quick action on the issue.Fit

The University has a site licence for the Sophos anti-virus clientwhich is available for MS Windows Vista/XP/2000, Apple Mac

X, and Linux. Members of the University can install the Sophos

client on a personal computer at no costOwners of computers connected to the University network are

responsible for the installation and maintenance of up-to-date anti-

anti-virus software. Virus-infected computers can be barred from

using the University network.ImplementationComputers that are not fully updated are much more at risk of

being infected with computer viruses and other unwanted software.

software. Infected computers pose a risk to the University and are

therefore likely to be disconnected from the University Network.The University Security Team dealt with around 1500 infected

computers, of which around half were designed to steal personal

data, banking details and passwords.

TestingThe Oxford University follows the best way to check the

usability/accessibility of the software which is to carry out some

form of end-user testing throughout its various development

stages. Testing is also done to prevent any errors or faults and

declare the product fit for use. Refresh is carried out. The

alternatives should be reviewed and regularly.

DurationThe whole process would carry on as long as the new product isavailable. Once the product is tested and declared fit for use, it is

considered available. The time taken would depend from product

to product.

Disaster Avoidance Planning (DAP)The University has a decent ratio of DAP/DRP. A proper method

to maintain critical data is to keep back-up which could be useful


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in case of loss of data. External drives should be used to store

important data in case of emergency, particularly for static data as

it would not be required to change. It would also be useful to do

routine cleaning process of hardware and software data so that it is

is well kept. Planning should also be done for upgrades of

applications. Students and Employees should be able to manage atat the time of a disaster. Mock training sessions should be

conducted.

MultimediaCyber Defense and Disaster RecoveryConferencehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XW4W2x3P_VU

References:http://www.ox.ac.uk/http://news.icm.ac.uk/education/oxford-university-on-collision-

course-with-government-over-funding/8614/

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