individual responsibility in conservation of groundwater resources
TRANSCRIPT
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INDIVIDUAL RESPONSIBILITY IN CONSERVATION OF GROUNDWATER
RESOURCES
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Key Idea:• Groundwater is an important resource whose availability is threatened by overuse and pollution
• solution for this crisis
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WATER BUDGET
• The water budget is the balance between the water that reaches the ground as precipitations, and the water that leaves the ground as evaporation, runoff, and consumption.
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POSITIVE WATER BALANCE
• If the amount of precipitation of a region is greater than the evaporation and consumption added together, then that region has a positive water balance, or surplus.
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NEGATIVE WATER BALANCE
• If, the amount of precipitation is less than the usage and evaporation, then the region has a negative water balance, or deficit.
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Factors Controlling the Water Budget of a
Region• Climate conditions• The characteristics of soil• The type of vegetation• The type of underlying
rocks• HUMAN ACTIVITIES
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HUMAN ACTIVITIES threatens the
aquifers in two ways:
overuse pollution
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OVERUSE OF GROUNDWATER
RESOURCES• Wells can dry, and human
communities have no water!• In coastal areas, by pumping
put the fresh water, salty water will take its place.
• By removing the water, the rocks become more compact, and the surface of the ground sinks . This phenomenon is called subsidence.
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Coastal Wells Salinization
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WHAT CAN WE DO?
• The used household water is pumped back into the ground through wells.
• Water is also pumped into ponds and allowed to seep back into the ground.
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GROUNDWATER POLLUTION
• Groundwater is recharged by rain seeping down through the soil.
• Virtually, any harmful chemical that is disposed at the surface of the ground will reach the groundwater.
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• Some common pollutants are:
-fertilizers and pesticides -toxic wastes berried in the
ground (common practice in the past)
-accidental spills -farm wastes -sewage from septic tanks,
etc
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Groundwater Use and Pollution
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Sources of Groundwater
Pollution
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Sources of Water Pollution
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One Billion people Lack Clean
Drinking Water
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WHAT CAN WE DO?
There is no simple or inexpensive way to purify polluted groundwater. Further pollution can be controlled, or reduced by:
• Reducing the use of pesticides and fertilizers
• Using environmental friendly chemicals in agriculture
• Proper disposal of toxic wastes.
• Use of native plants in our landscape
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RECHARGE GROUNDWATER
RESOURCES• Rainwater harvesting dug
outs• Use native plants in
landscapes.
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RAINWATER HARVESTING
• Rainwater harvesting under Kerala Municipality Building Rules, 1999. CHAPTER XVI A
109A “Unless otherwise stipulated specifically in a town Planning Scheme, workable rooftop rainwater harvesting arrangements shall be provided as an integral part of all new building constructions.”
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RAINWATER HARVESTING
DUG OUTS
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PREPARED AND PRESENTED BY,
Ancy Varghese, 2nd Year, B.A.,L.L.B Student,
NUALS