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1.0 INTRODUCTION

In any field of work in the work, strategic is needed. Make it in anageent cond!ct,

econoics, ilitary "ower or e#en "olitical "!r"ose, a layo!t of "lan or strategic are needed to

ens!re the s!ccess of the o$%ecti#e needed. In other words, it can $e stressed o!t that strategic

"lanning is i"ortant or essential in relation to a "lan of action. &or the world of "olitics,

strategic "lanning is #ery cr!cial in aking distincti#e decision in any organi'ation. In y

research, I will try to find the ethod that the world of "olitical "arties in Malaysia in ter of the

what kind of strategic tactics that are $eing !sed to win against their o""osition "arties, how the

strategies is $eing i"leented and what are the i"act of the strategy !sed. Malaysia is one of

the any eerging co!ntry that choose the "arliaentary deocracy odel in its adinistration

and the ethod is still $eing !sed !ntil today.

The "olitics in Malaysia consist of the deocratic constit!tional onarchy where (ang

di)*ert!an +gong is the head of the state while the *rie Minister of Malaysia will $ecoe the

head of the go#ernent. In all of Malaysia 1 states, e-ec!ti#e "ower are e-ercised $y the

federal go#ernent and the legislati#e "ower is gi#en to the "arliaent and the 1 state

asse$lies and for the %!diciary "ower it is considered as an inde"endent "ower aside fro the

e-ec!ti#e and legislat!re "ower. Then, for the "arliaent, it consist of Dewan Negara and Dewan

Rakyat. Therefore, in Malaysian "olitical "arties, it ostly !sed s"ecific tactics that can $e !sed

to arg!e attack or defend $etween the go#ernent and the o""osition "arties in Malaysia. +ll of

the things that are $eing fight $y the "arties are s!""orted $y the +ction Constr!ction *olicies

that later on will fored into o#erall strategy or as an agenda of an organi'ation. ach "arty can

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do any strategy according to their own "olitical interest. /owe#er, all the tactics that are were

going to $e !se for their s!ccess !st not $e o#er the national constit!tion. +s e-)*rie Minister

Mahathir $in Mohaad has stated $efore, e need an o""osition to reind !s if we are aking

istakes. hen yo! are not o""osed yo! think e#erything yo! do is right.2

3.0 4O5RNMNT RU6IN4 *+RT(

In Malaysia nowadays, the r!ling "arty that is holding the a%ority "ower in Malaysia

adinistration is the 7arisan National "arty which is an alliances created $y se#eral other

"olitical "arties in Malaysia. + r!ling "arty is defined $y the c!rrent "olitical "arty of the

a%ority in the "arliaent. In Malaysia "olitical world, it foc!sed on the for of

8consocianalis9 or the fraework of a grand coalition which can $e seen $y the se#eral sets of

coalition a#aila$le in Malaysia "olitical "arties. hereas, fro the o""osition "arties that ha#e

$een e-ist thro!gho!t the years are the Deocratic +ction *arty :D+*;, *arti Isla seMalaysia

:*+


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has $een fighting o#er for the r!ling "ower in Malaysia adinistration, it has also ser#ed as a

check > $alance syste for the r!ling "arty to i"ro#ed their flaw and weakness in any way

"ossi$le.

To start off, 7arisan National is the r!ling "arty that has a a%or "osition in Malaysia

"olitical world.


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the world of "olitics in Malaysia, there is a need to !nderstand the history of the de#elo"ent of

Malaysia "olitical history entirely. &ro the history, 7arisan Nasional also known as 8*erikatan

d!ring the year fro 1?@3 !ntil 1?A09 was a coalition $etween a few other "arties re"resenting

the a%or races in Malaysia. The first "arty in the alliance is the UMNO "arty or United Malays

National Organi'ation which re"resent the Malay "eo"le, then there is the MC+ "arty or

Malaysian Chinese +ssociation which re"resent the Chinese "eo"le in Malaysia and lastly the

MIC "arty or Malaysian Indian Congress which re"resent the Indian "eo"le. The alliance of

7arisan National was created in order to !nite $etween the three a%or races in Malaysia.

+s 7arisan Nasional has $ecoe the r!ling "ower in the Malaysia adinistration, it has a

wide range of "ower control thro!gho!t Malaysia s!ch as the i"leentation of ost "olicy in

the co!ntry, the !se of edia control, the !se of infl!ential "eo"le in the co!ntry and the

relationshi" $!ilt with the neigh$orhood co!ntry o!tside of Malaysia and i"leenting "olicies

with the "eo"le interest. Thro!gh idealis "atronage deocracy, the foration of alliance

which later $ecae known as the National &ront has $een highlighted to the conte-t of the

"olitical orientation of society. United Malays National Organi'ation :UMNO; clearly "racticed

this idea after inde"endence in an effort to gain s!""ort fro the Malay co!nity in Malaysia.

UMNO "oliticians trying to gi#e the essage that it deli#ers $lessings, "rotection of rights of the

Malays in Malaysia and also the socio)econoic de#elo"ing de"ends on "olitical s!""ort to the

"arty UMNO. Under the leadershi" of the National &ront, it is seen that in the anageent of

the co!ntry and society whether social, econoic, "olitical and social de#elo"ent in the

interests of the "eo"le.


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s!ch as the Malaysian Chinese +ssociation :MC+;, Malaysian Indian +ssociation :MIC;, *arty

*ergerakan, *arti *esaka 7!i"!tra 7ersat! :*77; and others.

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In the *akatan Rakyat $asic "olicies, it has created the 8orange $ook or 7!k! ingga9 as

the g!idelines that contains #ario!s "olicies of the go#ernent that the *akatan Rakyat is

foc!sing towards the "eo"le.


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"olicy $ased ore on the infl!ence of Isla and the setting !" of instit!tions s!ch as the Islaic

7ank, International Islaic Uni#ersity, Islaic ins!rance and so on.

F.0 *O6ITIC+6 T+CTIC<

O#er the year, there ha#e $een co!ntless arg!ents on the ways of "olitic whether fro

the go#ernent side or the o""osition ha#e $een !sing ioral strategy to win o#er each other.

#ery "olitic "arty has their own way of strategi'ing and "lanning to lead and take o#er the

co!ntry. /owe#er, fro y o"inion in the conte-t of an en#ironent of econoic, c!lt!re and

co!nity in a co!ntry, there is a need for the leaders of the "olitical "arties to "lan their actions

and strategies to really ai at their fight o$%ecti#e. In Malaysia, where Isla is the a%ority

religion $eing e$raced $y ost citi'en of Malaysia, there sho!ld $e a g!ideline or liitation

where a n!$er of strategy that are too e-tree $e crossed o!t fro e#en $eing !se. +nd also

the attit!de and entality which are set to $e too e-tree or radical towards the "olitic leader

that the "eo"le s!""orted cannot $e tolerate !ch longer as they can ake the "arties weak and

taking down the co!ntry e#ent!ally. +s a deocracy "ractice co!ntry, we sho!ld hold strong to

the oral and etiG!ette in selecting a good leader so that the leader that we choose also ha#e a

good oral and etiG!ette within hiself. The strength of any "olitical "arties is de"ending on the

s!""ort of the "eo"le itself. /ow the leader de#oted hiself towards his o$ligation of the "eo"le

deands will aintain the #otes for his r!ling. 7eha#ior and the action of the leader is also one

of the criteria which can $e ser#ed as a reflection of the "eo"le. The strategy of "olitical "arties

in deocracy Islaic co!ntry sho!ld $e infl!enced ore on the !se of eotion with rational

tho!gh thinking. &or e-a"le in Malaysia where its econoic "osition is ore sta$ili'e and

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stronger than other co!ntries sho!ld stri#e in aintaining its econoy rather than destroying it

with the "ower of dirty "olitics.

In Malaysia, the tele#ision and the news"a"ers is the ass edia which "lay an

i"ortant role and is a$le to gi#e effect to the "rocess of "olitical strategy. hat e-actly is the

role of ass edia in con#eying the sco"e of "olitics in MalaysiaH The role was originally edia

to s"read inforation to the "!$lic with a clear and acc!rate. #en tho!gh there9s the e-istence

of $ias or go#ernent centric9, it is $eca!se ost of the edia is controlled $y the go#ernent

or the r!ling "arties. The ass edia sho!ld act as an organi'ation that ed!cates "eo"le to think

ore critically in "ro#iding feed$ack fro the go#ernent s!ch as "re"aring and deli#ering

re"orts, news and "ro#ide answers or constr!cti#e criticis. /owe#er, when controlled $y soe

"olitical "arties, they tend to twist soe of the tr!th that is $een trying con#eyed $eca!se they

want to get the infl!ence of the crowd. It then had $ecoe distorted inforation and foc!s on the

i"ortance of the "olitical "arty itself. The ownershi" of the ass edia is owned $y the

go#ernent and "ri#ate sectors. The go#ernent will control the electronic edia deli#ery #ia

the 7roadcasting +ct and $eca!se of that, if the inforation "resented $y the edia in a negati#e

i"act on the go#ernent, the go#ernent has the "ower to filter it and then con#ert that

inforation so that fa#ora$le to the. &or the edia o!tlet that is own directly !nder the

go#ernent of Malaysia are Bernama while the edia that is owned $y certain co"onent

"arties in Malaysia s!ch as the 7arisan Nasional are the Media Prima. In 300A, the go#ernent

has ordered for "ri#ate tele#ision and radio stations to refrain fro $roadcasting o""osition

s"eeches in the edia.

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:


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:


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can $e seen filling the news"a"ers col!ns or tele#ision coercials, on $ill$oards and other.

This is $eca!seK the "arties who ha#e a!thority o#er the adinistration in Malaysia also ha#e

"ower o#er the entire econoy of the co!ntry as well. The $est ca"aign strategy to win in any

"olitical ter is to ha#e a realistic strategy. 7eing f!nded !nder the go#ernent, "arty "olitics

are free to s"read their infl!ences or "roises to the citi'en freely as they ha#e !nliited

reso!rces to do so. /owe#er, the go#ernent cannot !nderestiated the reso!rces that the

o""osition "arty ight ha#e $eca!se for the o""osition, their f!nding can coe fro s"onsored

N4O9s, $!siness "rofits, f!nding $y certain infl!ence "eo"le and ore. 7y that, the

co"etiti#eness of the two "arties is fierce th!s led to other kinds of strategic to $e !sed to defeat

their own res"ecti#e o""onents. #ery election is a s!dden, fast to coe and o#er with. In

Malaysia election ca"aigns, fro the anno!nceent of the "oll, the "rorog!ing of *arliaent,

the noination of candidates, the ca"aign, the #ote, and the declaration of the res!lt of the "oll

L can accordingly $e co"leted, fro start to finish, in se#eral weeks only. The "olitical leader

will strategi'ed thesel#es to ingle with the citi'en and g!arantee the with lots of "roises.

The society will then #ote for the "eo"le who are re"resentati#e to the "arty that they see fit to $e

the new leader of the co!ntry. +fter the #ote for the election is o!t, it is !" to the winning "arties

to f!lfill their "art of "roises to the "eo"le.

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D!ring the recent years of "olitical history in Malaysia, the iss!es tend to get "retty dee"

and nasty when it9s $eing fo!ght for the wrong reason. &or e-a"le, $oth "arties ha#e started to

"ro#oke their o""onent !sing drastic eas!res. 7y "ro#oking their o""onent !sing e-tree

ethods, it can $e seen as a threat in the co!ntry as it ight s"read into the citi'en inds

es"ecially the yo!ng yo!th generation. Their strategy to s"read new "olitical ideas ight ha#e

the "otential to $e seen as a national threat. Unnecessary o#eent or action done $y whether

the go#ernent "arties or o""osition "arties %!st to win against their o""onent is !ncalled for.


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is for the nae of their o""onent will $e sear with $ad re"!tation and raises s!s"icions in the

hearts of the society who s!""orts or still $elie#e in the. The strategy i"leent is also !sed to

di#ert the "eo"le attention fro the key iss!es that is $eing foc!sed $y their o""onent to

con#ince the "eo"le that the iss!es isn9t tr!e and ha#e any s!""ort e#idences. There are also

stories, lies, facts or data $eing ade !", s"ecifically created !sing the "olitical e-"ert that they

ha#e to $lind the eyes of the society.

@.0 C+


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o""onent can $e direct in ter of offensi#e or daaging the indi#id!al iages which is easier to

target.

&!rtherore, there is also an iss!e $eing "ro"osed for an o"en de$ates $eing held

$etween the two "olitical "arties. The s!ggestion was ade $y the o""osition "arties in which

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they clai wo!ld $e the ost "ossi$le way in highlighting their ideas and attacks the leader of

the go#ernent "arties. /a#ing a de$ate, the o""osition will definitely choose the sallest iss!e

to challenge the 7arisan Nasional to de$ate. This is an e-tension of the "hysical anifestation of

the strategy that they "refer to !se other than deonstration. 7eing a new "olitical entity in

Malaysia, it needs to ad#erti'e or "roote their "olitic "rod!cts to the society $y attracting

"eo"le attention. &ro this, they can show their "!r"ose of e-istence, for what ca!ses they are

fighting for and the confidence that they ha#e in the arena of "olitics. hate#er the reaction that

they wo!ld recei#e fro the go#ernent, the o""osition can co!nter it that the tr!th is on their

side. If the sec!rity force s!ch as the "olice reaction were a $it harsh and ro!gh, the o""osition

can said that the go#ernent are trying to tear down the "rinci"les and the "!r"ose of their

str!ggle. hile, if there is no reaction fro the go#ernent, the o""osition wo!ld clai that they

are fighting for the real reason and that the go#ernent and the "olice are afraid to to!ch the so

that the society won9t know the tr!th. This is also the sae for the de$ate, if the go#ernent

answered their challenge for a de$ate, it will o"en !" the o""ort!nity for the to get "!$licity.

This will ena$le the to dis"lay their skills in arg!ent and talks.

+s the o""osition "arty, they certainly ha#e se#eral ad#antages which can $e seen in ter

of arg!ent where des"ite what they are deli#ering in their s"eech is inacc!rate, it is still

!nderstanda$le for the society $eca!se !nlike the go#ernent, the o""osition doesn9t ha#e the

official inforation and secrets of the go#ernent. /owe#er, these $!rden the go#ernent

$eca!se they are trying to "ro#e they are right in ter of fact!al inforation. &or e-a"le, in the

case of the 3013 national day thee which the go#ernent anno!nced that the thee is going to

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$e an%i Dite"ati2, this ha#e $een seen $y the *akatan Rakyat as soething that can $e !sed as

the so!rces of their de$ate and arg!ent.

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In ter of the "olitical in#ol#eent in the higher ed!cation, the "olitician think that $y

strategically infl!encing the yo!nger generation, they can s"read their idealis and ha#e a tr!sty

follower $etween the.


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re#ol!tionary. This atter was "ro#ed in the incident of the iss!e of Tasik Utara and 7aling in

1?AF where st!dent ha#e started to ake chaotic state %!st to e-"ress their o"inion in "olitics.

This o"inion howe#er was critici'ed $y the UMNO (o!th Chief, =hairy aal!ddin who stated

that st!dents that are gi#en the freedo to "artici"ate in "olitic are $elie#ed that they will not

neglect their st!dies as the st!dent who %oins in "olitics will ha#e a $road "olitical knowledge as

well as healthy attit!de.2 &ro this we can see that, whether fro the o""osition or the

go#ernent "arties each ha#e their own "olitical interest in ha#ing the inds of the yo!nger

generations also known as the st!dents as their reinforceents $eca!se they known $y ha#ing the

st!dents at their sides, their "ower and infl!ences in "olitics will $ecoe ore "owerf!l.

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+nd the last $!t not least on the strategy that is $eing !sed in "olitical c!lt!re to win o#er

their o""onent is $y "lanting intiidation and threat towards the o""onent in Malaysia. One of

the recent cases that has occ!r are on the D+* chairan and M*9s for 7!kit 4el!gor, =ar"al

"!r"ose to intiidate and to warn =ar"al


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B.0 CONC6U


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R&RNC<

htt"www.thealaysianinsider.coside#iewsarticleore)scare)tactics)$efore)the)"olls)the)

alaysian)insider

htt"en.wiki"edia.orgwikiCoalition

htt"www.freealaysiatoday.cocategoryo"inion30130A1Bred!ndant)race)$ased)"olitics

htt"www.!t!san.co.y!t!san*olitik30130E1"o0F*e$angkang)terdesak)g!na)taktik)

le$ih)liar

htt"en.wiki"edia.orgwiki*oliticalstrategy

htt"www."encacai)sealaysia.co301310A)strategi)edia)$n.htl

htt"www.!t!san.co.y!t!sanRencana30130@0?re0@

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