indigenous roots. discussion questions to consider how do the mayan and aztec polities compare in...
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INDIGENOUS ROOTS
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS TO CONSIDERHow do the Mayan and Aztec polities compare in terms of land occupied, societal structure, and contributions to history?
How were the indigenous societies of Mesoamerica similar or different from those in the Andean region? How did Mesoamerican and Andean societies differ from those found elsewhere in the Americas?
How did the nature of Aztec society contribute to its conquest by Cortés? Could the Aztecs have resisted differently?
TIMELINE: PRE-COLOMBIAN AMERICA
Peopling of the Americas
30,000-10,000 BC Last ice age
20,000 -12,000 BC Migrations from Asia (Polynesia)
9,500 -9,000 BC Humans reached southern tip of South America
9,000 - 8,000 BC Disappearance of megafauna
8,000 - 5,000 BC First Settlements (North and Mesoamerica)
2,000 BC First permanent agricultural settlements (Oaxaca, 1700BC)
TIMELINE: PRE-COLOMBIAN AMERICA
Ancient American Civilizations
Formative Period
1200BC -1ADOlmec Culture (Veracruz)
850-200 AD Chavin de Huantar (Peru)
Classic Period
150-650 AD Teotihuacan (Valley of Mexico); first great Mesoamerican empire
200-700 AD Monte Alban (Oaxaca, Mexico)
Mochica Nazca cultures/states in Peru
250-600 AD Maya Early Classic Period
375-1000 AD Tihuanaco and Huari cultures/states (Peru)
600-900 AD Maya Late Classic Period
Post-Classic Period
750-1168 Toltec empire - Cholula, Tula (Mexico)
800-1465 Chimu, Chan Chan (Peru)
900-1530 Maya Post-Classic era
Ancient America at the time of Columbian Voyages
1410-1532 Inca Empire
1428-1521 Aztec Empire
MESOAMERICA BEFORE CONQUEST
Pre-1519
OLMEC HEARTLAND1200BC- 1AD
TEOTUATICAN
100BC -750BC
QUETZALCOATL
TOLTECS AT TULA
TOLTECSINVADED THE CITY OFCHICHEN ITZA BY 987AD AND RULED
MAYA EMPIRE
MEXICA MIGRATION
AZTEC
LAKE TEXCOCO
HUITZILOPOCHTLI
TLATELOLCO
MARKET AT TLATELOLCO
TEMPLO MAYOR
MOCTEZUMA II
AZTEC SACRIFICE
FLORENTINE CODEX:EXAMPLE 1: AZTEC FIELD MEDICINE