indigenous pedagogy mmkishra
TRANSCRIPT
8/8/2019 Indigenous Pedagogy MMKishra
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E d u c a t i o n a m o
n g I n d i g e n o u s p e o p l e s :
A d d r e s s i n g
i s s u e s o f C o n t e n
t , A c c e s s a n
d
S
t r u c t u r e s
N I A
S , B a n g a l o r e
S e p t e m b e r , 2 8 - 2 9 , 2 0 1 0
T r i b a l L
a n g u a g e s , T e x t b o o k s a n d N e w P e d a g o g i e s :
E x
p e r i e n c e f r o m
T r i b a l E d u c a t i o n i n O r i s s a
D r . M a h e n d r a
K M
i s h r a
m k m f
o l k @ g m a i l . c o
m
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N e r h u ’ s
F i v e P r i n c
i p l e s o n
T r i b a l
•
1 . P e o p l e
s h o u l d d e v e l o p
a l o n g t h e l i n e s
o f t h e i r o w n g e
n i u s
a n d w e s h o u l d a v o i d i m p o s i n g a n y t h i n g
o n t h e m . W e s h
o u l d
t r y t o e n
c o u r a g e i n e v e r y w a y t h e i r o w n
t r a d i t i o n a l a r t s
a n d
c u l t u r e .
•
2 . T r i b a l r i g h t s i n l a n d a n d f o r e s t s s h o u l d
b e r e s p e c t e d .
•
3 . W e s h o u l d t r y t o t r a i n
a n d b u i l d u p a t
e a m o f t h e i r o w
n
p e o p l e t
o d o t h e w o r k o
f a d m i n i s t r a t i o n
a n d d e v e l o p m e
n t .
S o m e t e c h n i c a l p e r s o n n
e l f r o m o u t s i d e
w i l l , n o d o u b t , b
e
n e e d e d ,
e s p e c i a l l y i n t h e b e g i n n i n g . B u t
w e s h o u l d a v o i
d
i n t r o d u c
i n g t o o m a n y o u
t s i d e r s i n t o t r i b a l t e r r i t o r y .
2
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C
o n t d . .
• 4 . W e
s h o u l d n o t o v e r - a d m i n i s t e r t h e s e a
r e a s
o r o v e
r w h e l m t h e m w i t h a m u
l t i p l i c i t y o f
s c h e m
e s . W e s h o u
l d r a t h e r w o r k t h r o u g h , a n d
n o t i n
r i v a l r y t o , t h
e i r o w n s o c
i a l a n d c u l t u
r a l
i n s t i t u t i o n s .
• 5 . W e
s h o u l d j u d g e r e s u l t s , n o
t b y s t a t i s t i c s o r
t h e a m
o u n t o f m o
n e y s p e n t , b
u t b y t h e
q u a l i t y
o f h u m a n c h a r a c t e r t h a t i s e v o l v e d
.
3
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O r i s s a f
r o m t r i b a
l l e n s
•
2 3 %
p e o p l e i n O r
i s s a a r e t r i b a l
• • O u t o f
6 2 t r i b e s 2 6 l a n g u a g e s
a r e s u r v i v i n g
• 9 0 % t
e a c h e r s i n t r i b a l a r e a s c
h o o l s a r e
n o n t r i b
a l a n d f r o m
d o m i n a n t c u l t u r e
D o m i n a n
t
c u r r i c u l u m
v i o l a t i n g N
e h r u ' s p r i n c i p l e s
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P o s i t i o n o f L i n g u i s t i c M i n o
r i t y S t u d e n
t s
( S o u r c e : C T S ’ 0 6 )
• T h e r e a
r e 1 9 3 4 0 s c h o o l s h a v i n g 2 0
+ s t u d e n t s o f
L i n g u i s t i c M i n o r i t y g r o u p
• T o t a l n o . o f s u c h s t u d
e n t s i n t h e s e
s c h o o l s a r e
1 0 9 9 2
4 0
• N e a r l y 2 / 3 r d o f t h e m ( 7 1 1 6 0 7 ) b e l o
n g t o S a n t h a l i
( 1 5 0 6 8 0 ) & o t h e r T r i b a l l a n g .
( 5 6 0 9 2 7 )
• 1 0 D i s t r i c t s a c c o u n t f o r o v e r 9 2 %
o f t h e s e t r i b a
l
l a n g u a g e s g r o u p c h i l d r e n
5
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E d u c a t i o n a l p h i l o
s o p h y
•
S c h o o l
a s s y m b o l o f
S w a d e s h i C o l o n
i a l i s m - s u b m e r g
i n g
t h e r e g i o n a l / t r i b a l
i d e
n t i t i e s
•
W e s t e r n b e n c h m a r k c u r r i c u l u m
h a s n
o u n d e r s t a n d i n g o n
M a i n s t r e a m i n g
t r i b a l c h i l d r e n b y d e n y i n g c h i l d r e n ' s r i c h
e x p e r i e n
c e
f o r a n u n i f o r m u t o p i a ,
h i s t o r i c a l l y l e d t o a
s e v e r e
f a i l u r e - r e j e c t i n g I n d i a n d i v e r s i t i e s
6
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C u r r e
n t p r a c t i c e s i n s t a t e ( n o n t r i b a l )
p e d a g o g y
S t a t e c u r r i c u l u m a n d
t e x t b o o k s i g n
o r e s t r i b a l c u l t u r e
a n d l a
n g u a g e .
T r i b a l c h i l d r e n ’ s l i n g u i s t i c a n d c o g n i t i v e a b i l i t i e s a r e
i g n o r e
d
T r i b e s r a r e l y f e a t u r e d i n t e x t b o o k s , o r i f p l a c e d , p l a c e d
a s s u
b j u g a t e d , s t r a n g e , i n f e r i o r a n d b a c k w a r d
T r i b a l c h
i l d r e n , a l s o t e
a c h e r s f a c e
h u m i l i a t i o n a n d
d i s c r i m
i n a t i o n
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T e a c h e r E d u c a
t i o n
T e a c h e r E d u c a t i o n
f o l l o w
u n i f o r m
s t a t e
c u r r i c u l u m
, a n d t e x t b o
o k s t h a t r e p
r e s e n t
d o m i n a n t
c u l t u r e a n d
h i s t o r y .
N o r e p r e s e n t a t i o n o f e t h n i c a n d l i n g u i s t i c
L i t t l e
d i s c u s s i o n
o n
m a r g i n a l i z e d -
S C / S T ,
G e n d e r , l i n g u i s t i c m i n o r
i t y , r e l i g i o u s m i n o r i t i e s
i n t r a i n i n g m o d u l e ( o u
t o f 7 d a y s 2 8 s e s s i o n s f o r
t e a c h e r t r a i n i n g , o n l y
o n e s e s s i o n f o r S C / S T
a n d G e n d
e r )
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C
o m m u n i t y
a n d
s c h o o l
• C o m m u
n i t y
i s n o t i n
v o l v e d i n i n t e l l e c t u a l w o r k o f
s c h o o l s
•
C o m m u n i t y c o n s i d e
r t e a c h e r s a
n d s c h o o l s a s a
c e n t e r
o r e a r n n g a n t
e y
a v e
n o t n g t o
c o n t r i b u t e s i n c e t h e y
d o n ’ t h a v e a c c e s s t o
r e a d i n g
a n d w r i t i n g .
•
T h e y d
o n ’ t k n o w w h
a t i s s c h o o l k n o w l e d g e a n
d f e e l
s h y / h e s i t a n t w h i l e d i s c u s s i n g i t .
9
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R e s u l t s …
•
H i g h d r o p o u t s & l o w a c h i e v e m e n t
•
F a i l u r e i n a c h i e v i n g n a
t i o n a l g o a l
•
•
B l o c k i n g e d u c a t i o n a n d l i t e r a c y
•
L i n g u i s t
i c g e n o c i d e a n
d s e l f h a t e
•
L o s s i n
d i v e r s e k n o w
l e d g e p r o d u c t i o n
•
V i o l a t i o
n o f c h i l d r e n ' s l i n g u i s t i c a n d
c u l t u r a l r i g h t
1 0
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C o n s t i t u t
i o n a l O b l i g
a t i o n s
• A r t . 4 6 – S t a t e t o p r o m o t e t h e E d u c a t i o n a l N e e d
o f
t h e W e
a k e r s e c t i o n s
o f t h e s o c i e t y
( S C & S T )
• A r t . 3 5 0
- A – A d e q u a t e f a c i l i t i e s f o r
i n s t r u c t i o n i n
m o t e r t o n g u e a t t e
r m a r y s t a g
e o e u c a t o
n t o
c h i l d r e n o f L i n g u i s t i c
M i n o r i t y g r o u p s
• A r t . 2 1 - A – F r e e & C o
m p u l s o r y E l e m e n t a r y e d u c a t i o n
o f e q u i t a b l e Q u a l i t y f o r a l l c h i l d r e n
u p t o 1 4 y r s o f a g e 1
1
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U N
F I I 2 0 0 7
• A r t i c l e
1 3 , P a r a g r a
p h 1 : I n d i g e
n o u s p e o p l
e s
h a v e t h e r i g h t t o r e v i t a l i z e , u s e ,
d e v e l o p a
n d
t r a n s m
i t f o r f u t u r e
g e n e r a t i o n
s t h e i r h i s t o
r i e s ,
,
,
,
w r i t i n g s y s t e m s a n
d l i t e r a t u r e s , a n d t o
d e s i g n
a t e a n d r e t a
i n t h e i r o w n n a m e s f o r
c o m m u n i t i e s , p l a c
e s a n d p e r s o n s .
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• A r t i c l e
1 4 , P a r a g r a
p h 1 : I n d i g e
n o u s p e o p l
e s
h a v e t h e r i g h t t o e
s t a b l i s h a n d
c o n t r o l t h e
i r
e d u c a t i o n a l s y s t e m
s a n d i n s t i t
u t i o n s p r o v i d i n g
,
a p p r o p r i a t e t o t h e
i r c u l t u r a l m
e t h o d s o f
t e a c h i n g a n d l e a r n
i n g .
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N a t i o n a l C u r r i c u l u m F r a m e w o r k
2 0 0 5
N C F 2 0 0 5 e n
v i s a g e s f o r l a n g u a g e e d
u c a t i o n a n d h a s m e n t i o n e d t h a t
1 . L a n g u a g e
t e a c h i n g
n e e d s t o b e
m u l t i l i n g u a l n o t o n l y i n t e r m s o f t h e n u m b e r
o f
l a n g u a g e s o
f f e r e d t o c h i l d r e n b u t
a l s o
i n t e r m s o f e v o l v i n g s t r a t e g i e s t h a t w o u l d u s e t h e
m u l t i l i n
g u a l c l a s s r o o m a s a r e s
o u r c e .
2 . H o m e l a n g u a g e / m o t h e r t o n g u e o
f c h i l d r e n s h o u l d b e t h e m e d i u m o
f l e a r n i n g i n t h e
s c h o o l s .
3 . S e c o n
a n g u a g e a c q u i s i t i o n t r o
u g a s i c p r o i c i e n c y a n
e v e o p m e n t o a n g
u a g e a s
a n i n s t r
u m e n t f o r a b s t r a c t t h o u g h t a n d k n o w l e d g e a c q u i s i t i o n t h r o u g h l i t e r a c y .
4 . T h e a i m o
f E n g l i s h t e a c h i n g i s t h e c r e a t i o n o f m u l t i l i n g u a l s t h a t c a n e n r i c h a l l o u r
l a n g u a g
e s ; t h i s h a s b e e n a n a b i d i n g n a t i o n a l v i s i o n . E n
g l i s h
n e e d s t o f i n d s i t s p l a c e
a l o n g w
i t h o t h e r
I n d i a n l a n g u
a g e s i n d i f f e r e n t s t a t e s . . .
5 . L e a r n i n g t
o R e a d a n d w r i t e
T h e a u t h e n t i c p l a c e o f m o t h e r t o n g u e i n e d u c a t i o n a l d o m a
i n i s n o t m e a n t t o b e s u b t r a c t i v e
b u t a d d
i t i v e w h i c h f o s t e r s h e a l t h y m u l t i l i n g u a l i s m a n d e n s u r e s g r o w t h o f a l l l a n g u a g e s
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N C F o n
M o t h e r T o n
g u e
• T h e m o t h e r t o n g u e
i s a c r i t i c a l c
o n d u i t , t h a t s o c i a l ,
e c o n o m
i c a n d e t h n i c b a c k g r o u n d s a r e i m p o r t a
n t f o r
e n a b l i n
g c h i l d r e n t o
c o n s t r u c t t h e
i r o w n k n o w l e d g e .
F o r e w o
r d , p a g e 4 )
• T h e f a c
t t h a t k n o w l e d g e i s c o n s t r u c t e d b y t h e
c h i l d
i m p l i e s
t h a t c u r r i c u l a , s y l l a b i , a n d t e x t b o o k s s
h o u l d
e n a b l e
t h e
t e a c h
e r
i n
o r g a n i z i n g
c l a s s r o o m
e x p e r i e
n c e s i n c o n s
o n a n c e w i t h
t h e c h i l d ’ s n
a t u r e
a n d e n
v i r o n m e n t , a n d t h u s p r o v i d i n g o p p o r t u
n i t i e s
f o r a l l c
h i l d r e n .
( E x e c u
t i v e S u m m a r y , p a g e 8 )
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P o s i t i o n P a p e r
o n T r i b a l E d u c a t i o
n -
N C F
C u r r i c u l u m a s t h e
m e d i a t o r o f
d o m i n a n c e a
n d
h e g e m o n y ( V a l e s k
a r : 2 0 0 5 )
C u r r i c u l u m a s t h e
p r o m o t e r o f
h i g h c u l t u r e
a n d
n o t o f t h e S C / S T s
G e n d
e r e d n a t u r e o f s c h o o l c u r
r i c u l a r c o n t e n t
C u r r i c u l u m i s u r b a
n
e l i t e s m a l e c e n t r i c
D e v a l u a t i o n o f l e s s e r l a n g u a g e
s , c u l t u r e s ,
t r a d i t
i o n s a n d f o l k
l o r e o f d a l i t s
a n d a d i v a s i s
a n d
p e a s a
n t s .
C o l o n
i a l i n c h a r a c t e r b a s e d o n
p r i v i l e g e d
w e s t e
r n m o d e r n i z
a t i o n
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5 S t a
n d a r d s
o f n e w
P e d a g o g
y
•
D e s i g n s i n s t r u c t i o n a l a c t i v i t
i e s r e q u i r i n g s t u d e
n t c o l l a b o r a t i o n t o
a c c o m p l i s
h a j o i n t p r o j e c t .
•
D e v e l o p c
o m p e t e n c e i n t h e
l a n g u a g e
o f i n s t r u
c t i o n a c r o s s t h e
c u r r i c u l u m
•
M e a n i n g m a k i n g : c o n n e c t i n
g s c h o o l s t o s t u d e
n t s l i f e
•
T e a c h i n g c o m p l e x t h i n k i n g : c h a l l e n g e s t u d e n t
s
t o w a r d s c o g n i t i v e
c o m p l e x i t i e s
•
s t u d e n t s ’
l e a r n i n g t h r o u g h o u t t h e c o n v e r s a t i o n b y q u e s t i o n i n g ,
r e s i s t i n g ,
p r a i s i n g , e n c o u r a g i n g , a n d s o f o r t h
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O r i s s a
M L E E f f o r t s
•
M L E i s t o
b r i d g e t h e m o t h e r t o n g u e w i t h o t
h e r t o n g u e s ( M T +
L 2 (
s t a t e l a n g ) + L 3 E n g l i s h
•
A b l e n d o
f b o t t o m u p a n d
t o p d o w n a p p r o a
c h
•
P o l i t i c a l w
i l l ( 5 5 T r i b a l M L A s ) S t a t e T A C s u p p
o r t
•
T h e m a t i c
A p p r o a c h - ( c u l t u r a l t h e m s )
•
S t r o n g c o m m u n i t y i n v o l v e m e n t i n c u r r i c u l a r a c t i v i t i e s
•
T r i b a l T e a
c h e r s l e a d e r s h i p
f o r o w n c o m m u n i t y
•
E n s u r e c h i l d r e n ’ s m e a n i n g
f u l l e a r n i n g
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S t a t
e I n i t i a t i v
e
• S t a t e
T r i b a l
A d v i s o r y
C o m m
i t t e e
a p p r o v e d
M u l t i l i n g u a l E d u c a t i o n t o b e i n t r o d u c e d i n O r i s s a
i n t e n
l a n g u a g e s
i n 2 0 0 6 - 0 7 u n d e r t h e c h a i r m a n s h i p o f
C h i e f M i n i s t e r , O r i s s a
• M L E i s i m p l e m e n t e d
i n c l a s s - I - I V i n
5 4 7 p i l o t s c h o o l s (
2 0 0 7 - 2 0
1 0 )
• B r i d g i n g
f r o m
1 0 0 % t r i b a l l a n g u a g
e i n c l a s s - I t o
1 0 0 %
O r i y a b y
c l a s s - V o v e r a p e r i o d o f f i v e y e a r s
1 9
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C h i l d i n
t h e c e n t e r …
• • C h i l d s e
e h e r w o r l d
i n h e r m o t h e r t o n g u e
C h i l d s e
e h e r w o r l d
i n h e r m o t h e r t o n g u e
• • C h i l d l e a r n s b e s t f r o m h e r f a m i l i a r w o r l d
C h i l d l e a r n s b e s t f r o m h e r f a m i l i a r w o r l d
• • k n o w n
t o u n k n o w n
k n o w n
t o u n k n o w n
• • C h i l d l e a r n b e t t e r
i f t h e c o n t e
n t i s f r o m
C h i l d l e a r n b e t t e r
i f t h e c o n t e
n t i s f r o m
2 0
c u l t u r a l c o n t e x t
c u l t u r a l c o n t e x t
• • T h e r e s h o u l d n o t b e a g a p b e t w
e e n t h e h o
m e
T h e r e s h o u l d n o t b e a g a p b e t w
e e n t h e h o
m e
l a n g u a g e
a n d s c h o o l
l a n g u a g e
l a n g u a g e
a n d s c h o o l
l a n g u a g e
• • L e a r n i n
g b e c o m e r e s p o n s i v e i f t h e e x p e r i e n c e
L e a r n i n
g b e c o m e r e s p o n s i v e i f t h e e x p e r i e n c e
i s r e f l e c t e d i n t h e t e a c h i n g c o n
t e n t a n d
i s r e f l e c t e d i n t h e t e a c h i n g c o n
t e n t a n d
m e t h o d
m e t h o d
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• C u r r i c u l u m
/ s y l l a b u s w a s a d o p t e d f r o m N C E R T
• E x p e r i e n c e f r o m o t h e r c
o u n t r i e s o n M
L E w e r e g a t
h e r e d
2 1
• L e a r n i n g p
r o c e s s o f t r i b a l s o c i e t y w a s d i s c u s s e d -
c u l t u r a l
t h e m e s a r e b e t t e r k n o w
n t o t h e c o m
m u n i t y
• • F r o m
c u l t u r e t o c o n t e x t u a l c u r r i c u l u m
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P r o c e s s o f C u r r i c u l u m c
o n s t r u c t i o n
• E x p l o r i n g
t r i b a l c u l t u r e
t e a c h e r s s e l e
c t e d s e a s o n a l t h e m e s
f o r a c a l e n
d a r y e a r
• T h e m e w e
b w a s s e l e c t e
d f o r l a n g u a g e a n d m a t h e m
a t i c s
• I n t h e l a n
u a e t h e m e w
e b o t h e r s u b e c t w e r e i n t e r a t e d
• T h e s e t h e m e w e b s w e r e
p r e p a r e d b a s e d o n t h e b a
s i c
p r i n c i p l e s o f N C F - 2 0 0 5 w . r . t . t h e b a s i c
s k i l l o f l e a r n i n g o f
L a n g u a g e ,
M a t h e m a t i c s
, E V S , p h y s i c a
l e d n . ,
h e a l t h
e d n . &
m o r a l e d n
a r e
i n c u l d e d a s a c o g n i t i v e s y s t e m
2 2
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F r a m e w o r k o f
M L E
i n O r i s s
a
c l a s s I - I V
A c a d e m i c Y e a
r
3 0 w e e k s
T e r m - 1
T e r m - I I
T e r m -
I I I
2 3
-
1 0 w e e k s
a s s
-
1 0 w e e k s
a s s
–
1 0 w e e k s
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T h e
m e w e b
:
T h e r e a r e 3 0 t h e m e w
e b s f o r 3 0
w e e k s
T w o m a j o r t h e m e w e
b s f o r a w e e k :
. a n g u
a g e a n
s
t e m e w e w
c a
s o c o
v e r s
h e a l t h / p h y s i c a l e d u c a t i o n , m o r a l e d u c a t i o n ,
g a m e s
a n d s p o r t s , s o n g s a n d d a n c e e t c .
2 . M a t h e
m a t i c t h e m e
w e b
2 4
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C h i l d C e n
t e r e
d L e a r n
i n g
i n M
L E
H
o w
?
• T w o M e
g a S t r a t e g
i e s
1 . S
k i l l s
B a s e d D e v e l o p m e n t -
o n
e n c e
a
n
c o m p
e t e n c e
t
r o u g
p r a c
t i c e w i t h e n g a g e m e n t
2 .
M e a n
i n g B a s e d
C o n t e x t u a l
i z e d
L e a r n i n g
e m p
h a s i z i n g c r e a t i v i t y a n
d
r o o t e d
i n
l e a r n e r ’ s b a c k g
r o u n d a n d
c u l t u r e
2 5
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T w o T r a c k S t r a t e g i e s . .
( J i m C u m m i n s )
T r a c k I C A
L P S
( C o g n i t i v e A c
a d e m i c L a n g u a g e
P r o f i c i e n c
y S k i l l )
T r a c k I I B I C S
( B a s i c I n t e r p e r s o n a l c o m m u
n i c a t i o n
s k i l l )
o r r e c n e
s s a n a
c c u r a
c y
N e w
k n o w l e d g e t o b e
i m b i b e d
M e a n i n g a n d
C o m m
u n i c a t i o n
E x p e r i e n c e o f t h e c h i l d t o
b e e x p l o r e d
2 6
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A C o
m p l e t e
A n n u a l L
e s s o n P l a n
•
T e a c h e r s n e e d n o
t w o r r y t o w
r i t e d a i l y l e
s s o n
p l a n s i n c e h e h a s
a l r e a d y p r e p a r e d t h e a n
n u a l
p l a n b
e f o r e t h e s c h o o l s t a r t e
d
•
T h e r e
i s a v i l l a g e
c u r r i c u l u m
a n d
m u
l t i p l e
i n s t r u c t i o n a l m a t e r i a l s
t o b e u s e d b y
t h e
c h i l d r e
n a n d t h e t e a c h e r s
2 7
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1 s t
G r a d e
2 n d G r a d e
3 r d G r a d e
4 t h G r a d e
5 t h G r a d e
M T
L A N G U A G E
L E A R N I N G
L a n
g u a g e i n
M T
L a n g u a g
e i n
M T
L a n g u a g e i n
M T
M T a s s u b j e c t
M
T a s s u b j e c t
T R A N S I T I O N P L A N
F R O M
F I R S T L A N G U A
G E T O
S E C O N D
L A N G U A
G E S
( B a s e d o n N a t i o n a l C u r r i c u
l u m F r a m e w o r k - 2
0 0 5 )
2 8
M a t h i n M T
M a t h i n M T
M a t h i n M T
o r a l L 1
a n d
w r i t t e n
L 2 )
M
a t h O r a l L 1
a n d w r i t t e n L 2
C U R R I C U L U M
C O N T E N T
E V S I & I I
E n v
i r o n m e n t a l
S t u d i e s
I n M
T
E n v i r o n m
e n t a l
S t u d i e s
I n M T
E n v i r o n m e n t a
l
S t u d i e s
I n M T
E n v i r o n m e n t a l
S t u d i e s
I n M T / L 2
E n v i r o n m e n t a l
S t u d i e s
I n
M T / L 2
S E C O N D
L A N G U A G E
( O r i y a )
O r a l a n d
w r i t t e n
i n L 2
( O r i y a )
R e a d i n g a n d
w r i t i n g i n L 2
D e v e l o p i n g
R e a d i n g a n d
w r i t i n g i n L 2
D e v e l o p i n g
R e a d i n g a n d
w r i t i n g i n L 2
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W e e k l y p l a n f o r u s i n g t h e b
o o k ( c l a s s I )
T r a c k I
( C A L P S )
A l p h a b e t C h a r t
A l p h a b e t B o o k
T r a c k I I
( B I C S )
B i g B o o k (
3 0 )
S m a l l B o o k ( 6 0 )
u m
e r
a r
N u m b e r B o
o k
M a t h B o o k
•
N e w k n o w l e d g e
E x p e r i e n c e S t o r y
E V S ( n a t u r e s t u d y )
G a m e s a n
d s p o r t s
S o n g s , t a l e s , r i d d l e s , e t c .
C o m m u n i t y k n o w l e d g e
2 9
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C l a s s I I
•
P i c t u r
e b o o k
•
Y u k t a k s h a r a B o o k
• M a t h B o o k
•
B i g b o
o k s ( 3 0 + 3 0 ) ) i n M T a n
d L 2
a n d s m a l l
b o o k s
i n M T a n d
i n O r i y a ( 3 0 + 3 0 )
• E V S t h
e m e w e b a n
d r e s o u r c e g u i d e i n T e a c h e r
T r a i n i n
g H a n d b o o
k
• T h e m e
w e b
i n c l a s s r o o m w a l l
3 0
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C l a s s I I I m a t e r i a l s
• L a n g u a g e B o o k ( M
T )
• L a n g u a g e B o o k ( O
r i y a )
• L a n g u a g e B o o k ( E
n g l i s h )
• M a t h B o o k
• E V S t e
x t s
•
3 0 s u
p p l e m e n t a r
y b i l i n g u a l s t o r y b o o k i n
M T a n
d L 2
3 1
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C l a s s I V M a t e r
i a l s
• M T a s a s u b j e c t
• M T a s
m e d i u m f o r M a t h / E V S
• O r i y a
a s L 2
• E n g l i s h
a s L 3
•
3 0 S
u p p l e m e n t a
r y s t o r y b o
o k i n
M T a
n d
L 2 .
3 2
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S
c h o o l s a d o p t e d
i n M L E
• C l a s s I V
2 0 0 7 - 0 8 :
1 5 4
• C l a s s I I I
2 0 0
8 - 0 9 :
2 5 7
•
C l a s s I I
2 0 0
9 - 1 0
1 3 6
-
• C l a s s V
2 0 1 1 - 1 2
c o m
i n g y e a r
•
T o t a l
5 4 7 ( 8 0 t o b e a d o p t e
d )
•
T o t a l
t r i b a l t e a c h e r s : 6 5 0
• T r i b a l c h i l d r e n 1 9
7 8 5
3 3
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W h o P r
e p a r e d t
h i s ?
• C o m m u
n i t y R e s o u r c
e P e r s o n s p r o
v i d e d l o c a l
k n o w l e
d g e ( c h e c k e d
t h e
t e x t )
•
T e a c h e
r s f r o m t e n t r i b a l l a n g u a g e
s w e r e t r a i n e d
o n n e w
p e d a g o g y
• L a n g u a
g e a n d p e d a g o g y e x p e r t s
b e l i e v i n g i n a
t r i b a l p
e d a g o g y t r a i n e d t h e t e a c h e r s
• N a t i o n a l a n d I n t e r n a
t i o n a l e x p e r t s p r o v i d e d
t e c h n i c
a l s u p p o r t t o t r i b a l t e a c h
e r s
3 4
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C o m m
u n i t y , c u
l t u r e a n d
c u r r i c u l u m
E a c h l a n g u
a g e g r o u p f r a m
e d t h e i r c u r r i c u
l u m
b a s e d o n t h e i r
c u l t u r e a
n d r e p r e s e n t e d t h e i r o w n k n
o w l e d g e , v a l u e
s a n d
w o r l d v i e
w s
T h e y r e s e a r c h e d o n e a c h c u l t u r a l t h e m e f r o m t h e c o m m u
n i t y
, w
,
,
,
v
,
D e e p e x p e
r i e n t i a l k n o w l e d g e o f t h e c o m m
u n i t y
f r o m p a
s t t o
p r e s e n t w a s d i s c u s s e d a
n d c a p t u r e d
B o t h p a s t
a n d p r e s e n t w a
s c a p t u r e d i n t h e t e x t t o m a k e
i t
r e a l i s t i c
a n d t o a v o i d r o
m a n t i c i s m
3 5
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U n d e r s t a n d i n
g T r i b a l
P e d a g o g
y
•
C u l t u r a l
m e t h o d s o f t e a c h i n g a n d l e a r n i n g
•
I n t e r g e n e r a t i o n a l k n o w
l e d g e t h r o u g h p
r a c t i c e
•
L e a r n i n g w i t h p u r p o s e
a n d m e a n i n g
a n d p r o d u c t i v i t y
u c a t o n o
a n , e a r t a n
e a
•
I n f o r m a l l e a r n i n g a n d e x p e r i e n t i a l l e a r n
i n g
•
M a i n t a i n
c u l t u r a l b i o - d
i v e r s i t y t h r u n o
n - e x p l o i t a t i v e
e t h i c s
a n d s p i r i t u a l i t y
•
S u s t a i n a
b i l i t y t h r o u g h b
e i n g a p a r t o f n a t u r e a n d e a r t h
t h a n
e x p l o i t i n
g
i t
3 6
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O n e G u i d
i n g P r i n c i p l e :
T e n T r i b a l C u r r i c u
l u m
•
E a c h l a
n g u a g e
g r o u
p r e p r e s e n t e d t h e i r o w n
c u l t u r a l k n o w l e d g e a
n d v a l u e s t o
p r e p a r e t h e
t e x t
b o o k s (
l o c a l m a t h , l o
c a l h i s t o r y , f o
l k l o r e )
•
t o c o n n
e c t t h e h e r i t a g e w i t h c u r r
e n t s i t u a t i o n -
c r i t i c a l
a n a l y s i s o f r e
a l i t y
• M a n y n e w k n o w l e d g e w e r e s c r i p t e d a f t e r a l o t o f
e x e r c i s e f o r l a s t f i v e
y e a r s
• E a c h l a
n g u a g e g r o u p
t e a c h e r s b e c a m e t h e f i r s t
c u r r i c u l u m d e s i g n e r s
, t e x t b o o k w r i t e r s a n d t e
a c h e r
t r a i n e r s
3 7
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F
r o m C u l t u r e t o c u r r i c u l u m
T
r i b a l A l t e r n a t i v e P e
d a g o g y
T r i b a l t e
a c h e r s r e f l e c t e d
t h e i r e p i s t e m o l o g y a n d s e c r e t s o
f
k n o w l e d g e t h a t w a s a m a z
i n g l y n o t k n o w n
, e v e n t o t h e m s i n c e
t h e y w e r e f r o m n e w g e n e r a t i o n
T r i b a l t e a c h e r s l e a r n t a l o t f r o m t h e i r e l d e r s w h i l e c o m m u n i t y
v a
a e
e c u r r c u u m
T h i s r e v e
a l e d t h e h i d d e n
k n o w l e d g e o f t r i b a l
A u n k n o w
n r e a l m o f I n d i a
n k n o w l e d g e w a s e x p l o r e d
t h a t
i s
b a s e d o n
I n d i a n p o i n t o f v i e w
( m i n d i s n o
t s e p a r a t e d f r o m
m a t t e r
a n d s a c r e d i s n o t s e p a r a t e d f r o m
n a t u r e !
)
3 8
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M u l t i c u l t u r a l - S R
U J A N
• A
c h i l d
c e n t e r e d p r o
g r a m m e i n w
h i c h
c o m m u
n i t y
r e s o u r c
e p e r s o n s t o
o k a c t i v e p a r t i n s t o r y t e l l i n
g , a r t
a n d c r a
f t , n a t u r e s t u
d y , c u l t u r a l m
a t h e m a t i c s ,
t r a d i t i o
n a l g a m e s t o
b r i n g c o m m
u n i t y s c h o o l
.
• 2 0 0 0 C
R C C t o o k p a r t i n 1 6 0 0 0 s c h o o l s
w h e r e
1 4
l a k h c h i l d r e n t o o k p a r t . A b o u t 3 l a k h o r a l t a l e s
, 3 0 0
t r a d i t i o
n a l g a m e s a n d t h o u s a n d s
o f a r t a n d c r a f t
c o l l e c t e
d w h i c h e n r i c h e d t h e s c h
o o l s w i t h l o c a l
k n o w l e
d g e
3 9
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C o m m u n i t y M
e n t a l M a t h e m a t i c s
O n e r i d d l e
1 0 0 l e g s , 7 2 e y e s
H o w m a n y
h e n ,
h o w m a n y e l e p h a n t s ?
( A n s : 2 2 , 1 4
)
B u t h o w i t
w a s o r a n i z e d i n t h e m e n t a
l t e x t o f t h e o l d
m a n w h
o c o n c e p t u a l i z
e d t h i s ?
A n o t h e r R
i d d l e :
W i f e a n d
h u s b a n d h a v e
t w e n t y t w o e a
r s
( w h o a r e
t h e y ? )
( R a v a n a a n d M a n d o d a r i )
4 0
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T r i b a l
t e a c h e r s a s m a k e r s
o f t h e i r o
w n
h i s t o r y
• 7 0 t r i b
a l r e s o u r c e t
e a c h e r s
• 6 5 0 t r i b
a l t e a c h e r s
•
T r i b a l
t e a c h e r s h a d
h a r d l y b e l i e v e t h a t t h e y
c o u l d
p r e p a r e c u r r i c u l u m ,
t e x t b o o k s a
n d t r a i n i n g m
o d u l e
•
T h e y c
o u l d d o i t w i t h c o n f i d e n c e , z e a l , d e d i c a t i o n
a n d c o m m i t m e n t
•
T h e y b
e c a m e t h e f
i r s t w r i t e r o f t h e i r o w n h i s t
o r y ,
c u l t u r e
a n d e d u c a t i o
n
•
C o m m u n i t y g o t r e c o g n i t i o n
f r o m
t h e
s t a t e
g o v e r n m e n t
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R e
f l e c t i o n
•
C u r r i c u
l u m
i n 5 4 7 s c h o o l s a n d u s e
d
t r i b a l c u r r i c u l u m
, t e x t b o
o k s a n d a d o p
t e d c u l t u r a l l y
r e s p o n s i v e
t e a c h i n g
l e a r n i n g m e
t h o d s w h i c h i s
f a m i l i a r t o t h e
c h i l d r e n
.
•
C h i l d r e n b r o k e t h e c u l t u r e o f s i l e n c e
a n d g a i n e d
c o n f i d e n c e
•
T h e i r p e r f o r m a n c e a n
d a c h i e v e m e n
t i n t h e i r o w n
l a n g u a g
e i s s t r o n g a n d t h e y a r e g o o d i n
t r a n s i t t o
O r i y a
l a n g u a g
e i n c o m p a r i s o n t o t h e n o n M
L E s c h o o l s
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W e u n d e r s t a n d
t h a t
• M L E i s
n o t a c h a n g e
i n t h e s y s t e m
, b u t i t i s a
t r a n s f o r m a t i o n o f e x
i s t i n g h u m a n
r e s o u r c e - m e
a n t
f o r b o t
h d o m i n a n t a
n d s u b j u g a t e
d f o r a n e w e r
s y n t h e s i s
• I t r e c o g
n i z e t h e c u l t u r e o f m a r g i n
a l i s e d s o i t i s
d o w n
t o t h e e
a r t h , c l o s e r t o t h e c h i l d r e n
a n d t h e i r p a
r e n t s
• I t i s n o
t t o r e p l a c e t h e m o t h e r t o n g u e o r d o m
i n a n t
l a n g u a g e b u t t o c o n n
e c t t h e m o t h
e r t o n g u e w i t h
o t h e r l a n g u a g e s .
4 3