india's energy security - overview sep 08 role of solar energy in india’s energy portfolio dt...

India's Energy Security - OvervieIndia's Energy Security - Overview Sep 08w Sep 08

Role of Role of Solar Energy Solar Energy in India’s Energy in India’s Energy PortfolioPortfolioDT BarkiDT BarkiChairman & Managing DirectorChairman & Managing DirectorNoble Energy Solar Technologies LtdNoble Energy Solar Technologies LtdHyderabadHyderabad

On the occasion ofOn the occasion of 95th Indian Science Congress, Vizag, 3-7 Jan 200895th Indian Science Congress, Vizag, 3-7 Jan 2008


Energy & Its ConsequencesEnergy & Its Consequences

Energy (Electricity)Energy (Electricity) was an exciting tool was an exciting tool in the in the hands of man when it was invented over 100 years hands of man when it was invented over 100 years ago; ago;

He never bothered about the He never bothered about the consequencesconsequences of of fossil fuel based energy when he used them fossil fuel based energy when he used them recklessly. recklessly.

He played with them as He played with them as excitedlyexcitedly as a child that as a child that plays with a loaded gun – unmindful of the plays with a loaded gun – unmindful of the dangerous tool!dangerous tool!


……Slave of EnergySlave of Energy

Today, man has become a tool in the hands Today, man has become a tool in the hands of energy! of energy!

In reality, he has become the slave of his In reality, he has become the slave of his own tool: ENERGYown tool: ENERGY

So much so that given a preference to So much so that given a preference to choose between ‘Energy’ and ‘Oxygen’, the choose between ‘Energy’ and ‘Oxygen’, the modern man would prefer to choose modern man would prefer to choose Energy! Energy!

For the simple reason that he can For the simple reason that he can ‘manufacture’ ‘oxygen’ if he is given ‘manufacture’ ‘oxygen’ if he is given energy!!energy!!


Sustainable Energy: The New Sustainable Energy: The New Challenge Confronting 21Challenge Confronting 21stst Century Century

Developing countries have already enjoyed Developing countries have already enjoyed maximum of the modern technologies and maximum of the modern technologies and fossil based energy benefitsfossil based energy benefits

When it is the turn of developing countries When it is the turn of developing countries like India to enjoy, the global warning has like India to enjoy, the global warning has buzzed in the form of buzzed in the form of global warmingglobal warming!!

So, we have the challenge of shaping our So, we have the challenge of shaping our energy portfolio in a sustainable way and energy portfolio in a sustainable way and yet enjoy the shining lifestyles! yet enjoy the shining lifestyles!


So Much but So Little!So Much but So Little! The sunlight that is striking the The sunlight that is striking the

earth within one hour, if converted earth within one hour, if converted as energy, at the current solar cell as energy, at the current solar cell efficiency level, it is sufficient to efficiency level, it is sufficient to meet the entire world energy meet the entire world energy demand continuously for one yeardemand continuously for one year

And, there is so much silica quartz And, there is so much silica quartz available in the earth; second to available in the earth; second to oxygen with 28% of the earth crust oxygen with 28% of the earth crust is covered by siliconis covered by silicon

But the solar energy is the least But the solar energy is the least contributor to the world energy contributor to the world energy portfolio todayportfolio today


Fuel Supply OptionsFuel Supply OptionsFuel TypeFuel Type Present Present

MWMWFutureFuture

MWMW

CoalCoal 67,16667,166

GasGas 11,84011,840

HydroHydro 30,13530,135

NuclearNuclear 2,7202,720

Wind Wind 2,4882,488

BiomassBiomass 1,0001,000

SolarSolar 22

TotalTotal 115,035115,035 250,000250,000

NuclearNuclear 2,720 2,720

Solar 2Solar 2


We are Coal Giants We are Coal Giants But Solar Pigmies!But Solar Pigmies!

Estimated Estimated

PotentialPotential

(MW)(MW)

Achievements Achievements

30-06-200730-06-2007

(MW)(MW)

Bio Power (Agro residues & Bio Power (Agro residues & Plantations)Plantations)

16,88116,881 543543

Wind PowerWind Power 45,19545,195 7,2317,231

Small Hydro Power (Upto 25MW)Small Hydro Power (Upto 25MW) 15,00015,000 2,0132,013

Bagasse CogenerationBagasse Cogeneration 5,0005,000 635635

Waste to Energy Waste to Energy 2,7002,700 4343

Solar PowerSolar Power 22

TotalTotal 84,77684,776 10,46710,467


Unclear Nuclear!Unclear Nuclear! The much-politicized Nuclear Deal is on the The much-politicized Nuclear Deal is on the

tabletable The country is NOT prepared well to handle The country is NOT prepared well to handle

the nuclear energy technologythe nuclear energy technology There are unresolved issues:There are unresolved issues:

> Supply of Uranium> Supply of Uranium> Radiation effects in mining> Radiation effects in mining> Nuclear waste management > Nuclear waste management > Pilferage of nuclear technology > Pilferage of nuclear technology to terrorists to terrorists


Will Solar Live upto its Will Solar Live upto its expectation?expectation?

The answer lies is in two parts:The answer lies is in two parts:NONO NowNowYES YES In the FutureIn the Future

135135GW (RE), GW (RE), 8080GW (Wind),GW (Wind), 77GW (Solar)GW (Solar) 77GW (Wind Ind), GW (Wind Ind), 22MW (Solar Ind)MW (Solar Ind)

Solar is contributing just 5% of total RE (world), and in India Solar is contributing just 5% of total RE (world), and in India it’s a meager 0.02% of India’s RE generated power!it’s a meager 0.02% of India’s RE generated power!

So, we, solar energy scientists and technocrats, have a big So, we, solar energy scientists and technocrats, have a big task in bringing greater breakthroughs in solar fieldtask in bringing greater breakthroughs in solar field


Then, Is solar a least Then, Is solar a least contributor in the Energy contributor in the Energy Portfolio?Portfolio?

NoNo Solar has its own fitting contributions in the Solar has its own fitting contributions in the

overall energy scenario.overall energy scenario. It works very well in low power segment in It works very well in low power segment in

far-flung regions where grid power is either far-flung regions where grid power is either not available or highly erratic. not available or highly erratic.

Applications such as Solar lamps, small Applications such as Solar lamps, small home lighting systems and street lights are home lighting systems and street lights are very appropriate with regard to their use very appropriate with regard to their use and cost consideration.and cost consideration.


What about Grid-connected/ What about Grid-connected/ interactive solar power plants?interactive solar power plants?


……Grid-connected/ interactive…Grid-connected/ interactive…National Level Policies MatterNational Level Policies Matter

Feed-in-tariffsFeed-in-tariffs have been introduced in developed have been introduced in developed countries, esp., in countries, esp., in GermanyGermany, which ensure buying , which ensure buying energy by grid authorities at higher-than-normal energy by grid authorities at higher-than-normal tariffs from entrepreneurs setting up grid-tariffs from entrepreneurs setting up grid-connected SPV systems for meeting domestic connected SPV systems for meeting domestic requirements and/or sale to utilities. requirements and/or sale to utilities.

It is expected that feed-in-tariffs for SPV grid-It is expected that feed-in-tariffs for SPV grid-connected systems (SPV-GCS) would also be connected systems (SPV-GCS) would also be introduced introduced soon in Indiasoon in India - in line with wind, small - in line with wind, small hydro and biomass. hydro and biomass.

In fact, SPV-GCS are In fact, SPV-GCS are relatively cheaperrelatively cheaper compared compared to home lighting or off-grid systems in terms of to home lighting or off-grid systems in terms of capital expenditure due to the absence of batteries. capital expenditure due to the absence of batteries.


……Grid-connected Solar … Grid-connected Solar …

For SPV systems in the country’s power For SPV systems in the country’s power system network, it will be necessary to set up system network, it will be necessary to set up SPV-GCS in the range betweenSPV-GCS in the range between 100 to 150MW 100 to 150MW. . This will be feasible only with capital grants or This will be feasible only with capital grants or soft loans or both in combination, besides soft loans or both in combination, besides reasonable feed-in-tariffs. reasonable feed-in-tariffs.

Feed-in-tariffs will be Feed-in-tariffs will be 3 to 4 times3 to 4 times the normal, the normal, but will result in very minor impacts in the but will result in very minor impacts in the overall tariff structure. The implications are overall tariff structure. The implications are less, but of great significance to the process less, but of great significance to the process of cost reduction of SPV and arresting green of cost reduction of SPV and arresting green house gas emissions.house gas emissions.


Solar SolutionsSolar Solutions

The progress in solar PV is miniscule as The progress in solar PV is miniscule as on todayon today

Solar water heaters are already Solar water heaters are already competing with the grid electricity competing with the grid electricity heating. They have to be promoted in heating. They have to be promoted in widespread manner to compensate for widespread manner to compensate for the overall energy mixthe overall energy mix

Kerosene consumption can be reduced Kerosene consumption can be reduced by using solar lamps in place of unsafe by using solar lamps in place of unsafe kerosene lampskerosene lamps


Solar Street & Home Solar Street & Home lighting Systemslighting Systems


We need disruptive We need disruptive technologies in technologies in SILICON processing SILICON processing and SOLAR CELL and SOLAR CELL manufacturing (while manufacturing (while making use of the making use of the present solar present solar technology in remote technology in remote regions regions

for low power for low power applications). applications).


The CostsThe Costs

Now, let us raise few questions about Now, let us raise few questions about costs:costs:

• What cost is costly?What cost is costly?• Compared to what? Compared to what?

Apple to nut? Apple to nut? • How much cost is cheap? How much cost is cheap? • What about cost of not having right What about cost of not having right

power? power? • How long we can keep saying that solar is How long we can keep saying that solar is

costly?costly?


The RationaleThe Rationale

““Cheap”Cheap” power is Costly! power is Costly! All energies that produce All energies that produce CO2CO2 are “cheap”, as they are “cheap”, as they

cause global warming and disrupt normal lifecause global warming and disrupt normal life We have consumed almost all the fossil fuels that were We have consumed almost all the fossil fuels that were

collected in the earth’s reserve for several millions of collected in the earth’s reserve for several millions of years ago since the earth was formed. In India, our years ago since the earth was formed. In India, our entire coal and oil reserves may last for about entire coal and oil reserves may last for about 190 190 yearsyears at the most. What next? at the most. What next?

““DiggingDigging for coal or for coal or riggingrigging for oil is just like digging for oil is just like digging for our own grave! Man cannot be so stupid as to cut for our own grave! Man cannot be so stupid as to cut the branch on which he’s sitting!!the branch on which he’s sitting!!

Carbon-producing power plants Carbon-producing power plants ‘tax’‘tax’ the environment the environment and hence they must be ‘taxed’. This would make the and hence they must be ‘taxed’. This would make the RE technologies ‘RE technologies ‘affordableaffordable’ in all respects. ’ in all respects.


Lastly!Lastly!

I recall the title of one of the first few slides: I recall the title of one of the first few slides: Man Has become slave in the hands of Man Has become slave in the hands of

fossil fuel based Energy!fossil fuel based Energy! How to get out of the clutches of this How to get out of the clutches of this

monstrous circle? monstrous circle? Simple!Simple! Follow the dictum of Aristotle:Follow the dictum of Aristotle:

““NATURE DOES NOTHING USELESS”NATURE DOES NOTHING USELESS” Follow the nature and be happy in its safe Follow the nature and be happy in its safe hands! hands!


Thank YouThank You& &

Wishing you Wishing you Sustainable Year 2008!Sustainable Year 2008!

india's energy security - overview sep 08 role of solar energy in india’s energy portfolio dt...

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