The Potential of Geographic Information Systems to Facilitate Data-Driven Prevention: The Case of TobaccoIndiana Prevention Resource CenterBarbara Seitz de Martinez, PhD, MLS, CPPRuth Gassman, PhDDesiree Goetze, MPH

National Prevention Network Annual ConferenceLexington, KentuckyAugust 28, 2006

What You Will Learn:Components of GIS system and costsHow GIS Can Help You with Program PlanningObtain Demographic BackgroundProfile Needs, ResourcesLocate Problem Area or Target AudienceInform Decisions about Strategy SelectionEnhance Cultural CompetencyObtain FundingHow GIS Can Help You with Program EvaluationCreate a Risk/Protection Surveillance SystemTrack ChangeHow GIS Can Help You Do ResearchConduct Research to identify relationships among environmental and health variables

I. Components of a GIS SystemMinimal Equipment and Personnel Skill Requirements

Stages for Data Import/Analysis

Stage OneObjective: GIS to Inform Program PlanningIdentify Problem Area or Find Target AudienceObtain Demographic BackgroundInform Decisions about Strategy SelectionEnhance Cultural CompetencyEquipment: Computer Hardware and Software Standard Desktop/Laptop and PrinterGIS software: MapInfo and PCensus for MapInfo. Or ArcView equivalentData: Purchased DatabasesAGS Core Demographics, Consumer Spending, and MRI Lifestyle Variables or Claritas EquivalentKinds of Skills (Capacity Building)Computer Literacy and Intro to Microsoft Excel

Levels of Software ToolsMapInfo, PCensus, Maploader(1)

Levels of Data ComplexityPurchased GIS data(1)

Examples of DataAGS, ClaritasMap files(1)

Levels of Skill ComplexityBasic ComputerAnd Printer(1)

Stage TwoObjectives: GIS to Monitor Program EffectivenessCreate a Risk/Protection Surveillance SystemTrack ChangeAdditional Equipment: Geocoding Software MapMarker Geocoding SoftwareColor PrinterAdditional Data: Local program and local geographic location data to be imported Additional Skills (Capacity Building)Patience and precisionMicrosoft Excel and some Microsoft Access preferable

Levels of Software RequiredMapInfo, PCensus, Maploader(1) Mapmarker Geocoding software, Excel & Access(2)

Levels of Data ComplexityPurchased GIS data(1) Imported data (free or purchased)(2)

Examples of DataAGS, Claritas,Map files(1) Program Data, Address Data, Health Data (public or purchased)(2)

Levels of Skills RequiredBasic Computer(1) Geocoding, Excel and Access(2)

Stage ThreeObjectives: GIS to Support Researchto study relationships among environmental and health variablesAdditional Equipment: Geocoding Software SPSS SoftwareAdditional Data (to be imported): Local dataPublic dataPurchased dataAdditional Skills (Capacity Building)Excellent Microsoft Excel and Access skillsExcellent statistical analysis and SPSS skills

Levels of Software Required MapInfo, PCensus, Maploader(1)Mapmarker Geocoding software, Excel & Access(2)

SPSS (3)

Levels of Data ComplexityPurchased GIS data(1) Imported data (free or purchased)(2)More complex imported data(free or purchased)(3)

Examples of DataAGS, Claritas(1) Program Data, Address Data, Health Data (public or purchased)(2)Mortality Report Data Morbidity Data(public or purchased) (3)

Levels of Skill ComplexityBasic Computer(1) Geocoding, Excel and Access(2)

Excel, Access, SPSS(3)

Examples of DataAGS Core Demographics from TetradProgram Enrollment/Completion NumbersPre and Post- Test ScoresAddresses (e.g., of programs, outlets, agencies)Data that needs cleaning, linking, reordering (e.g., Health Department Reports Data that involves coding, joins, restructuring (e.g., Religent Planning 2 Morbidity DataData from analyses involving statistical calculations (e.g., importing data results from your analysis for mapping)

II. How GIS Can Help You with Program PlanningObtain Demographic BackgroundProfile Needs, ResourcesLocate Problem Area or Target AudienceInform Decisions about Strategy SelectionEnhance Cultural CompetencyObtain Funding

Examples of DemographicsPopulationAgeRace/EthnicityMarital StatusIncomeOccupationHealth Insurance StatusHealth StatusBehaviors: Spending, Drug UseBehaviors: Crime

The Place: Neighborhood

Forest Manor / Martindale-Brightwood Neighborhoods

[ Children in Poverty ] / [ Total Children ]Locate Problem Area: Child PovertyAGS Indiana Core Demographics

Locate Target AudienceAGS Indiana Core DemographicsWhere are the 10-14 year olds in Marion County?They are in the areas that are darkest green.

Study a PlaceAGS Indiana Core Demographics

The Place: Government Boundaries46218AGS Indiana Core Demographics

Risk/Protective FactorsAGS Indiana Core DemographicsAGS Indiana Core Demographics

Education, Less Than HS DiplomaAGS, Core Demographics,2004 est., 2005Indiana Prevention Resource CenterSource: GIS in Prevention, County Profile, Series 3 (Indiana Prevention Resource Center, 2006)

By Census Tract and w/in a 1 Mile Radius of John Marshall Middle SchoolData for addresses of retail tobacco outlets were contributed bythe Indiana State Excise Police TRIP Inspection Program.Less Than 9th Grade Education

Insurance CoverageInsurance Coverage AGS Indiana Core Demographics, 2002 est.

Insurance CoverageSource: MRI Consumer Behavior

Single-Parent Families (#)492 180418212303226212AGS Indiana Core Demographics

Combined Indicators: Single-Parent Families & Poverty Number of Single Parent-Families in Poverty in Each Block Group in Blue BoxAGS Indiana Core Demographics

Working ParentsSource: U.S. Census 2000, SF3

AGS Indiana, Crime RiskPersonal Crime Indices

AGS Indiana, Crime Risk 2002 (2003)Property Crime Indices

AGS MRI Consumer Behavior 2002 (2003)Voting and Volunteerism

IncomeSee Relationships between Data10-17 Year Olds

6.6 Household Spending on AlcoholSource: GIS in Prevention, Hamilton County Profile, Series 3 (Indiana Prevention Resource Center, 2006)

Table 6.6: Per Household Spending on Alcohol (AGS, Consumer Spending, 2004, 2005)

Per Household Spending on Alcohol, 2004 est. (AGS, 2005)HamiltonIndianaU.S.Consumer spending on alcoholic beverages 646439460Spending on Alcohol for Consumption outside the Home279188197Beer and ale away from home926265Wine away from home432930Whiskey away from home724850Alcohol On Out-Of-Town Trips724952Spending on Alcohol for Consumption in the Home366250261Beer and ale at home211145152Wine at home896063Whiskey and other liquor at home 664546

Spending on Beer/Ale for HomeAGS, Consumer Spending,2004 est., 2005Indiana Prevention Resource CenterSource: GIS in Prevention, Hamilton County Profile, Series 3 (Indiana Prevention Resource Center, 2006)

6.7 Household Spending on TobaccoSource: GIS in Prevention, Morgan County Profile, Series 3 (Indiana Prevention Resource Center, 2006)

Table 6.7: Per Household Spending on Tobacco Products, Miscellaneous Reading and Personal Insurance (AGS, Consumer Spending, 2004, 2005)

Per Household Spending on Tobacco, 2004, est. (AGS, 2005)MorganIndianaU.S.Per Household Spending on Tobacco Products448428443 Cigarettes405388400 Other Tobacco Products434144Per Household Spending on Misc. Reading254245257 Newspapers113109114 Magazines545254 Books878488Personal insurance547523552

Race, BlackSource: GIS in Prevention, County Profile, Series 3 (Indiana Prevention Resource Center, 2006)

Race, Black Source: GIS in Prevention, Dubois County Profile, Series 3 (Indiana Prevention Resource Center, 2006)

Ethnicity, Hispanic/Latino Source: GIS in Prevention, County Profile, Series 3 (Indiana Prevention Resource Center, 2006)

Ethnicity, Hispanic/Latino

Source: GIS in Prevention, Dubois County Profile, Series 3 (Indiana Prevention Resource Center, 2006)

Ethnicity: Hispanic/Latino Source: GIS in Prevention, County Profile, Series 3 (Indiana Prevention Resource Center, 2006)

Inform Decision about StrategyWhich Curricula? For whom? Which problem?Which Domain to focus on? Parent? Child?Which Communication Strategy to use? Words or pictures? Phone Calls? Literacy level?Where to Focus your efforts? Program location?What Criteria to apply? Poverty? Working parents? What Services to offer? Transportation? Food? Extend of Need? Limit or expand service area?

Stage Two EnhancementsImporting Local DataGeocodingPercentages, Rates and RankingsAnalysis and Custom Mapping

Stage Two:Importing Local DataMethamphetamine Lab Seizures

Imported Data:Meth Busts, 2005 Total lab busts to mid October, 846Indiana Prevention Resource CenterSource: IN State Police, 2005

Stage Two:Geocoding Program Locationsand Studying Risk/Protective FactorsARII Location Relative to Persons in Poverty and Families in Poverty

Geocoding ofAfternoons R.O.C.K. in Indiana Programs

Afternoons Rock in IN ProgramsFort Wayne, Indiana

Persons in Poverty and Program PlacementPersons Living in Poverty (Percent)Fort Wayne city, IN, by BGOver 25%14 to 25%7 to 14%4 to 7%0 to 4 %Fort Wayne, Indiana

Families in Poverty and Program PlacementFort Wayne, Indiana

Numbered Block Groups Have Over 50% of Families w/ Children under 18 Living in Poverty Fort Wayne, Indiana

Stage Two:Enhanced Analysisfor Risk/ProtectionAdding Percentages, Rates and Rankings

5.7 Educational Attainment Source: GIS in Prevention, Dubois County Profile, Series 3 (Indiana Prevention Resource Center, 2006)

Table 5.7: Educational Attainment (AGS, 2004 est., 2005)

Educational Attainment (%), 2004 est. (AGS, 2005)Dubois Co.IndianaU.S.Less than 9th grade9.15.37.69th to 12th grade, no diploma 10.812.612Total, Less Than 9th or Less Than HS Diploma 19.917.819.6High school graduate 44.737.228.6Some college, no degree 13.919.821.1Associate degree 7.45.86.3Bachelor's degree 9.212.215.6Graduate or profession degree 4.97.28.9Rank for % of Pop 25+ w/ less than HS diploma3926th of 51Rank for % of Pop 25+ w/ a college degree2243rd of 51

5.8 Households (Families, w/ Child, Income) Source: GIS in Prevention, Fayette County Profile, Series 3 (Indiana Prevention Resource Center, 2006)

Table 5.8: Median Age and Household Income (AGS, 2004 est., 2005)

Households, Families, and Income, 2004 est.FayetteIndianaU.S.Households (2004)10,4622,465,349112,708,665Families (2004)7,1911,659,69475,740,018Households with children (2004)3,482864,29640,102,709Average Household Income51,90657,00063,396Per capita income22,05922,80724,583Rank for Ave HH Income High-Low5728th of 51Rank for Per Cap Income H-L3125th of 51Average Age of Householder45-54 yrs.45-54 yrs.

5.9 Families (by type)Source: GIS in Prevention, Hamilton County Profile, Series 3 (Indiana Prevention Resource Center, 2006)

Table 5.9a: Types of Households with Children (AGS, 2004 est., 2005); Median Family Income (AGS, 2004 est., 2005)

Types of Households w/ Children and Median Family Income, 2004 est. (AGS, 2005)CountyHamilton Co.IndianaU.S.HHs w/ children (2004)36,645864,29640,102,709Married Couple Family (Percent)84.17069Lone Parent Male (Percent)3.96.96.8Lone Parent Female (Percent)11.421.823.2Non-family Male Head (Percent)0.51.10.8Non-family Female Head (Percent)0.10.20.2Median Family Income86,22254,39354,087Rank for Married Couple Family (% of HHs w/ children) 126th of 51Rank for Median Family Income121st of 51

6.12a Crime Indices Source: GIS in Prevention, DeKalb County Profile, Series 3 (Indiana Prevention Resource Center, 2006)

Table 6.12b: Specific Crimes, Indices (AGS Crime Risk 2004, 2005)

Crime Indices, 2004 (AGS, 2005, based on FBI UCR)CountyDeKalb IndianaU.S. IN Rank in USTotal Crime Index179310130th of 51Personal Crime Index147410126th of 51Property Crimes1711010227th of 51

Crime Indices, 2004 (AGS, 2005, based on FBI UCR) -- RankingsDeKalb IN Rank in US Rank Total Crime Index7530th of 51Rank Personal Crime7526th of 51Rank Property Crimes7127th of 51

6.12b Crime Indices Source: GIS in Prevention, Tippecanoe County Profile, Series 3 (Indiana Prevention Resource Center, 2006)

Table 6.12b: Specific Crimes, Indices (AGS Crime Risk 2004, 2005)

Crime Indices, 2004 (AGS, 2005, based on FBI UCR)Tippecanoe IndianaUSPersonal Crime Index4874101 Murder Index48107100 Rape Index10494101 Robbery Index2776101 Assault Index4570101Property Crime Index97110102 Burglary Index8698102 Larceny Index153109102 Motor Vehicle Theft Index41142101

Crime Indices, 2004 (AGS, 2005, based on FBI UCR) -- Rankings Tippecanoe IN Rank in USRank Personal Crime1626th of 51 Rank Murder3118th of 51 Rank Rape728th of 51 Rank Robbery1525th of 51 Rank Assault3029th of 51Rank Property Crime1227th of 51 Rank Burglary1521st of 51 Rank Larceny424th of 51 Rank Motor Vehicle Theft147th of 51

6.18 Food Stamp RecipientsCSAP calculates this as the average number of persons who receive food stamps each month, stated as the rate per 1,000 persons in the total population. This statistic for Indiana comes from Indiana Family and Social Services Administration, Family Resources Bureau as reported in the Indiana Youth Institute Kids Count in Indiana 2005. The rate calculation comes from the Indiana Prevention Resource Center. The following table shows the rate for 2004 for Marion County with comparisons for the state and nation.Source: GIS in Prevention, Marion County Profile, Series 3 (Indiana Prevention Resource Center, 2006)

Table 6.18: Food Stamp Recipients per Month in 2004 (FSSA, Division of Family and Children, 2005) and Rate per 1,000 Total Population for 2004 and 2005 and Change in Rate (calculations from the IPRC based on data from FSSA, Division of Family and Children, 2004 and 2005).

Food Stamps, 2004 (FSSA, Family Resources Bureau, 2006)MarionIndiana Population, 2004 864,200 6,230,346 Food Stamp Recipients per mo., 2004 104,832 516,360 Rate per 1000 persons, 2004121.382.9Rate per 1000 persons, 2003105.173.1Change in Rate per 1,000 from 2003 to 200416.29.8Rank for 2004 Rate per 1,000 Persons3

Stage Two:Analyzing Data and Custom MappingProperty Crime IndicesTo show County Relative to IN and US Rates

Map: Property Crime IndicesBottom Quarter, Mid Range, Top Quarter (includes over IN & over US)Above US (9), 101.55-194Above IN (12), 95.55-194Top Quarter (23), 64-194Mid Range (46), 19-64Lowest Quarter (23), 4-19AGS, Crime Indices2004 (2005)Indiana Prevention Resource Center

How GIS Helps You Obtain FundingProvides Demographic BackgroundFacilitates Profile of Needs/ResourcesDocuments Locate Problem Area/ Target AudienceHelps Justify Decisions about Strategy SelectionExplains Aspects of Cultural Competency

Outcomes-Based PreventionSubstance- related problemsEffective Prevention:Intervening VariablesStrategies/ProgramsPlanning, Monitoring, Evaluation and Re-PlanningSource: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, SAMHSA, CSAP

Outcomes-Based PreventionSustainability & Cultural CompetenceSource: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, SAMHSA, CSAPProfile population needs, resources, and readiness to address needs and gapsMonitor, evaluate, sustain, and improveor replace those thatfailDevelop a Comprehensive PlanImplement evidence-based prevention programs andactivitiesMobilize and/or build capacity to address needs

How GIS Helps Obtain FundingSource: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, SAMHSA, CSAPAssessment CONVINCE THEM OF THE NEEDDescribe Your PlanBase on Literature, Logic ModelStep-by-Step BlueprintBuild in EvaluationCapacityHighlight AWARENESS, WHAT YOU BRINGWHAT YOU GAINEvaluation: Plan for on-going Monitoring and Evaluation

Implementation:Explain Rationale for choice of evidence-based strategyand activitiesCultural CompetenceSustainability

GIS for Program Evaluation (a Stage Two Activity)Create a Risk/Protection Surveillance SystemTrack Change

GeocodingFailed TRIP InspectionsIndiana Prevention Resource CenterSource: IN State Excise Police, TRIPSource: GIS in Prevention, County Profiles, Series 3 (Indiana Prevention Resource Center, 2006)

Schools in Proximity to Failed TRIP InspectionsIndiana Prevention Resource CenterSource: IN State Excise Police, TRIPAllen CountySource: GIS in Prevention, Allen County Profile, Series 3 (Indiana Prevention Resource Center, 2006)

Schools in Proximity to Failed Trip InspectionsClark County Source: GIS in Prevention, Clark County Profile, Series 3 (Indiana Prevention Resource Center, 2006)

Schools in Proximity to Failed Trip Inspections, Close-upClark County -- ClarksvilleSource: GIS in Prevention, Clark County Profile, Series 3 (Indiana Prevention Resource Center, 2006)Middle SchoolOutlet SellingTo Minor

IV. GIS for ResearchConduct Research to Identify Relationships among Environmental and Health Variables

What You Have Learned:Components of GIS system and costsHow GIS Can Help You with Program PlanningObtain Demographic BackgroundProfile Needs, ResourcesLocate Problem Area or Target AudienceInform Decisions about Strategy SelectionEnhance Cultural CompetencyObtain FundingHow GIS Can Help You with Program EvaluationCreate a Risk/Protection Surveillance SystemTrack ChangeHow GIS Can Help You Do ResearchConduct Research to identify relationships among environmental and health variables

Pause .. Then say Zooming in on one city in Indiana [advance to next slide]

. . . we see the Afternoons Rock Programs in the city of Fort Wayne

and their placement relative to the percent of persons living in poverty in each Block Group or neighborhood A slightly different view shows us program placement in relationship to the percent of all families with children living in poverty. Zooming in still further, [advance to next slide] . . . We see the neighborhoods where over 50% of the families with children under 18 live in poverty, and the schools in relation to program placement