indian revolutonaries
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/13/2019 Indian Revolutonaries
1/15
TheNon-cooperation movementof 1920 led to large scale mobilisation of Indian population
against the British rule. Though intended as aNonviolent resistancemovement, it soon turned
voilent. After theChauri Chauraincident,Gandhisuspended the movement to prevent
escalation of violence. This disillusioned a section of nationalists who felt the suspension was
premature and unwarranted. The political vacuum created by the suspension led to the
formation of revolutionary movements by the more radical amongst those who sought tooverthrow British rule.
[edit]Formation
The Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) was established at a meeting in 1924, in the
village of Bholachang, Brahamabaria subdivision,East Bengal.Present at the founding meeting
werePratul Ganguly,Narendra Mohan SenandSachindra Nath Sanyal.It emerged as an
offshoot of theAnushilan SamitiHYPERLINK \l "cite_note-0"[1].The name was suggestive of
theIrish Republican Army.Sanyal,the leading light of the new movement, wrote the
organisation's manifesto titled The Revolutionary.[2]
[edit]Objectives and Ideology
The stated objective of the HRA was establishment of a "Federated Republic of the United
States of India by an organised and armed revolution".[3].Armed struggle, terrorism and
retaliatory strikes were the favored tactics in the attempt to defeat the British empire. Its
manifesto declared
The Official terrorism is surely to be met by counter terrorism. A spirit of utter helplessness pervades e
strata of our society and terrorism is an effective means of restoring the proper spirits in the society...t
revolutionary party has deliberately abstained itself from entering into this terrorist campaign at thepresent moment...because the party is waiting to deliver the final blow. But when expediency will dem
it the Party will unhesitatingly enter into a desperate campaign of terrorism, when the life of every off
and individual helping the foreign government will be made intolerable...[2]
and
The Indian revolutionaries are neither terrorists nor anarchists... They do not believe terrorism
alone can bring independence and do not want terrorism for terrorism's sake.[2]
The HRA was also socialist in its attitude and was inspired byBolshevikRussia.The manifesto
stated,
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Non-cooperation_movementhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Non-cooperation_movementhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Non-cooperation_movementhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Nonviolent_resistancehttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Nonviolent_resistancehttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Nonviolent_resistancehttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Chauri_Chaurahttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Chauri_Chaurahttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Chauri_Chaurahttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Gandhihttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Gandhihttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Gandhihttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=3http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=3http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=3http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/East_Bengalhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/East_Bengalhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/East_Bengalhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Pratul_Gangulyhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Pratul_Gangulyhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Pratul_Gangulyhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Narendra_Mohan_Senhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Narendra_Mohan_Senhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Narendra_Mohan_Senhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Sachindra_Nath_Sanyalhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Sachindra_Nath_Sanyalhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Sachindra_Nath_Sanyalhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Anushilan_Samitihttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Anushilan_Samitihttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Anushilan_Samitihttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Irish_Republican_Armyhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Irish_Republican_Armyhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Irish_Republican_Armyhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=4http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=4http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=4http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Bolshevikhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Bolshevikhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Russiahttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Russiahttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Russiahttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Russiahttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Bolshevikhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=4http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Irish_Republican_Armyhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Anushilan_Samitihttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Sachindra_Nath_Sanyalhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Narendra_Mohan_Senhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Pratul_Gangulyhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/East_Bengalhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=3http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Gandhihttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Chauri_Chaurahttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Nonviolent_resistancehttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Non-cooperation_movement -
8/13/2019 Indian Revolutonaries
2/15
..the railways and other means of transportation and communication,the mines and other
kinds of very great industries... shall be nationalised...Instead of private and unorganised
business enterprise, the Party prefers co-operative unions[2]
Amongst other goals stated by the manifesto areUniversal Suffrage,supremacy of the
legislature and religious freedom.
[edit]Early Activities
From 1924 to 1925, the HRA grew in numbers with the influx of new members likeBhagat
Singh,Chandrasekhar Azad,SukhdevandRam Prasad Bismil.TheKakori train robberywas the
first well known action by the HRA. On 9 August, 1925 the members of the group looted
government money that was being transferred in a train. The Kakori conspiracy case led to the
hanging ofAshfaqullah Khan,Ramprasad Bismil,Roshan SinghandRajendra Lahiri.Sanyal and
Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee were sentenced to life imprisonment.[4]The Kakori arrests
decimated the leadership of the HRA and dealt a major blow to its activities. Of the original
conspirators, only Azad and Kundan Lal Gupta escaped. During this period the HRA splinteredinto various factions based in Kanpur, Lahore and Bengal. In 1927 a new group of
revolutionaries like Jatindra nath Sanyal (brother of Sachindra), Phanindra Nath Ghosh and
Bhirendra Nath Bhattacharjee emerged as active members. Ghosh was behind the attempted
assassination of Rao Bahadur JN Banerjee in Benares in 1928. BN Bhattacharjee was the prime
accused in the Deogarh Conspiracy Case[3].
[edit]The Hindustan Socialist Republican Association
In September 1928, the Lahore faction (Bhagat Singh,Sukhdev)and Kanpur faction (Azad,
Kundan Lal Gugta) of the HRA merged with the Bengali revolutionary faction led by PhanindraNath Ghosh to form the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association(HSRA)[3].This
amalgamation came into existence at a meeting of the various factions at Feroz Shah Kotla
grounds inDelhi.Bhagat Singh declaredsocialismas their ultimate goal and that their party's
new name should reflect that. Azad was appointed as the Commander-in-chief and Bhagat
Singh placed in charge of ideology[5].The HSRA's manifesto titled Philosophy of the Bomb
was written by Bhagawathi Charan Vohra[6].
[edit]Assassination of JP Saunders
The HSRA decided avenge the death ofLala Lajpat Raiin a police lathi charge (a form of crowd
control in which the police use heavy staves or `lathis' in Hindi) in November 1928. Theydecided to assassinate J A Scott, the Superintendent of Police, Lahore who had ordered lathi-
charge. The plan was to be executed by Bhagat Singh,Shivram Hari Rajguru,Azad and Jai
Gopal. The assassination attempt was carried out on 17 December, 1928 in Lahore. It was
planned that Jai Gopal would give a signal to Bhagat Singh and Rajguru as soon as Scott came
of his office. However, Jai Gopal misidentified J. P. Saunders, the Assistant Superintendent of
Police as Scott and gave the signal. Saunders was shot dead by Bhagat Singh and Raj Guru. A
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Universal_Suffragehttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Universal_Suffragehttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Universal_Suffragehttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=5http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=5http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=5http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Bhagat_Singhhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Bhagat_Singhhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Bhagat_Singhhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Bhagat_Singhhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Chandrasekhar_Azadhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Chandrasekhar_Azadhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Chandrasekhar_Azadhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Sukhdevhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Sukhdevhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Sukhdevhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Ram_Prasad_Bismilhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Ram_Prasad_Bismilhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Ram_Prasad_Bismilhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Kakori_train_robberyhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Kakori_train_robberyhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Kakori_train_robberyhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Ashfaqullah_Khanhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Ashfaqullah_Khanhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Ashfaqullah_Khanhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Ramprasad_Bismilhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Ramprasad_Bismilhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Ramprasad_Bismilhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Roshan_Singhhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Roshan_Singhhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Roshan_Singhhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Rajendra_Lahirihttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Rajendra_Lahirihttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Rajendra_Lahirihttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=6http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=6http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=6http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Sukhdev_Thaparhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Sukhdev_Thaparhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Sukhdev_Thaparhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Delhihttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Delhihttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Delhihttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Socialismhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Socialismhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Socialismhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=7http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=7http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=7http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Lala_Lajpat_Raihttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Lala_Lajpat_Raihttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Lala_Lajpat_Raihttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Rajguruhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Rajguruhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Rajguruhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Rajguruhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Lala_Lajpat_Raihttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=7http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Socialismhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Delhihttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Sukhdev_Thaparhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=6http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Rajendra_Lahirihttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Roshan_Singhhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Ramprasad_Bismilhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Ashfaqullah_Khanhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Kakori_train_robberyhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Ram_Prasad_Bismilhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Sukhdevhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Chandrasekhar_Azadhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Bhagat_Singhhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Bhagat_Singhhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=5http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Universal_Suffragehttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20 -
8/13/2019 Indian Revolutonaries
3/15
head constable was also killed while trying to chase the shooters[7].The next day the HSRA
acknowledged the assassination by putting up posters in Lahore that read
JP Saunders is dead; Lala Lajpat Rai is avenged ...In this man has died an agent of the British
authority in India...Sorry for the bloodshed of the human being, but the sacrifice of individuals
at the altar of revolution...is inevitable[8]
[edit]Assembly Bombing
The next major action HSRA carried out was the bombing of the Central Assembly inDelhi.
This was done to protest the introduction of the Public Safety Bill and the Trade Disputes Bill.
The HSRA decided to bomb the Assembly while the bills were being introduced to arouse
public opinion against them. On April 8, 1929 Bhagat Singh andBatukeshwar Duttthrew
bombs at the empty treasury benches. They made no attempt to escape and courted arrest
while shouting Inquilab Zindabad (Long Live the Revolution) and Samrajyavad ko nash ho
(Down with Imperialism). Their rationale for the bombing was explained in a leaflet titled "To
Make the Deaf Hear" (paraphrasing the words ofdouard Vaillant). This leaflet was alsothrown in the assembly and was reproduced the next day in theHindustan Times.No one was
killed in the bombing as it was designed as a propaganda operation. On April 15, 1929 police
raided the HSRA's bomb factory in Lahore and arrested Kishori Lal, Sukhdev and Jai Gopal. The
Assembly Bomb Case trial followed and Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev andRajguruwere hanged on
23 March 1931 for their actions[9].
[edit]Later Activities
In December 1929, the HSRA bombed the special train of Viceroy,Lord Irwin.The viceroy
escaped unhurt. Later the Lahore faction of HSRA broke away and formed the Athisi Chakar(Fire Ring) party under the leadership of Hansraj 'Wireless'. They carried out a series of
bombings acrossPunjabin June 1930. On 1 September 1930, theRawalpindifaction made a
failed attempt to burgle the Office of the Controller of Military Accounts. During this period
the leading members of the HSRA were Azad, Yashpal, Bhagwati Charan Vohra and Kailash
Pati. In July 1930 the HSRA robbed the Gadodia stores inNew Delhiand carried away 14,000
Rupees. This money was later used to fund a bomb factory. In December 1930, an attempt
was made to assassinate the Governor of Punjab, which wounded him in his arm.[10]
[edit]Decline
By 1931, most of the HSRA's main leaders were either dead or in jail. Kailash Pati was arrestedin October 1930 and turned approver (witness for the prosecution ). On 27 February, 1931,
Chandrasekar Azad shot himself during a gunfight with the police. Bhagat Singh, Sukdhev and
Rajguru were hanged in March 1931. After Azad's death there was no central leader to unite
the revolutionaries and regional differences increased. The Organisation split into various
regional groups and they carried out bombings and attacks on Indian officials without any
central coordination. In December 1931 another attempt was made to revive the HSRA at a
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=8http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=8http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=8http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Delhihttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Delhihttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Delhihttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Batukeshwar_Dutthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Batukeshwar_Dutthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Batukeshwar_Dutthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/%C3%89douard_Vaillanthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/%C3%89douard_Vaillanthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/%C3%89douard_Vaillanthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Hindustan_Timeshttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Hindustan_Timeshttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Hindustan_Timeshttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Rajguruhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Rajguruhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Rajguruhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=9http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=9http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=9http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/E._F._L._Wood,_1st_Earl_of_Halifaxhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/E._F._L._Wood,_1st_Earl_of_Halifaxhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/E._F._L._Wood,_1st_Earl_of_Halifaxhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Punjab_(British_India)http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Punjab_(British_India)http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Punjab_(British_India)http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Rawalpindihttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Rawalpindihttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Rawalpindihttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/New_Delhihttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/New_Delhihttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/New_Delhihttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=10http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=10http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=10http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=10http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/New_Delhihttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Rawalpindihttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Punjab_(British_India)http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/E._F._L._Wood,_1st_Earl_of_Halifaxhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=9http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Rajguruhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Hindustan_Timeshttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/%C3%89douard_Vaillanthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Batukeshwar_Dutthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Delhihttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=8http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20 -
8/13/2019 Indian Revolutonaries
4/15
meeting in Meerut. However this attempt failed with the arrests of Yashpal and Daryao Singh
in 1932[11].This effectively ended the HSRA as an united organization though the various
regional factions kept up their armed struggle till 1936.
[edit]Criticism
The association's methods were diametrically opposite to that of Gandhi'sNonviolent
resistancemovement. The revolutionaries and their methods were severely criticized by
Gandhi. Responding to the attack on Lord Irwin's train, Gandhi wrote a harsh critique of the
HSRA titled "The Cult of the Bomb" (Young India,2 January 1930). In it he declared that bomb
throwing was nothing but froth coming to the surface in an agitated liquid. He condemned the
HSRA and it's actions as "cowards" and "dastardly". According to Gandhi, the HSRA's violent
struggle had its hazards. Violence led to more reprisals and suffering. Also, it would turn
inward as it was an easy natural step from violence done to the foreign ruler to violence to our
own people.[12].The HSRA responded to this criticism with its own manifesto 'The
Philosophy of the Bomb'[6],in which they defended their violent methods as being
complementary to Gandhi's non violent methods[13].
[edit]Prominent Members
Name Involved in
What
happened to
him
Sachindra Nath Sanyal Kakori train robbery(1926)
Sentenced to
life in
AndamanCellular Jail;
Died in prison
(1942)
Bhagat SinghJP Saunders assassination (1928), Central Assembly
bombing (1929)
Sentenced to
Life in
Assembly
Bomb Case;
Sentenced to
death in
Second
Lahore
Conspiracy
Case;Hanged
in 1931
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=11http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=11http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=11http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Nonviolent_resistancehttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Nonviolent_resistancehttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Nonviolent_resistancehttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Nonviolent_resistancehttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Young_Indiahttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Young_Indiahttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Young_Indiahttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=12http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=12http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=12http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Sachindra_Nath_Sanyalhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Sachindra_Nath_Sanyalhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Kakori_train_robberyhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Kakori_train_robberyhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Cellular_Jailhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Cellular_Jailhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Bhagat_Singhhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Bhagat_Singhhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Bhagat_Singhhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Cellular_Jailhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Kakori_train_robberyhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Sachindra_Nath_Sanyalhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=12http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Young_Indiahttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Nonviolent_resistancehttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Nonviolent_resistancehttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=11http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20 -
8/13/2019 Indian Revolutonaries
5/15
Chandrashekar AzadKakori train robbery(1926), JP Saunders assassination
(1928)
Killed himself
with his last
bullet instead
of
surrendering
in a shootoutwith
police(1931)
Ram Prasad Bismil Kakori train robbery(1926)
Sentenced to
Death in
Kakori Case,
Hanged in
1927
Ashfaqullah Khan Kakori train robbery(1926)
Sentenced to
Death in
Kakori Case,
Hanged in
1927
Rajendra Lahiri Kakori train robbery(1926)
Sentenced to
Death in
Kakori Case,
Hanged in
1927
Roshan Singh Kakori train robbery(1926)
Sentenced to
Death in
Kakori Case,
Hanged in
1927
Shachindra Nath Bakshi Kakori train robbery(1926)
Sentenced to
Life in Kakori
Case;
Released in1937
Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee Kakori train robbery(1926)
Sentenced to
Life in Kakori
Case; Became
aMember of
Parliament
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Chandrashekar_Azadhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Chandrashekar_Azadhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Kakori_train_robberyhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Kakori_train_robberyhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Ram_Prasad_Bismilhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Ram_Prasad_Bismilhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Kakori_train_robberyhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Kakori_train_robberyhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Ashfaqullah_Khanhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Ashfaqullah_Khanhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Kakori_train_robberyhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Kakori_train_robberyhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Rajendra_Lahirihttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Rajendra_Lahirihttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Kakori_train_robberyhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Kakori_train_robberyhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Roshan_Singhhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Roshan_Singhhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Kakori_train_robberyhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Kakori_train_robberyhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Shachindra_Nath_Bakshi&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Shachindra_Nath_Bakshi&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Kakori_train_robberyhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Kakori_train_robberyhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Jogesh_Chandra_Chatterjeehttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Jogesh_Chandra_Chatterjeehttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Kakori_train_robberyhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Kakori_train_robberyhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Rajya_Sabhahttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Rajya_Sabhahttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Rajya_Sabhahttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Rajya_Sabhahttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Rajya_Sabhahttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Rajya_Sabhahttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Kakori_train_robberyhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Jogesh_Chandra_Chatterjeehttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Kakori_train_robberyhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Shachindra_Nath_Bakshi&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Kakori_train_robberyhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Roshan_Singhhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Kakori_train_robberyhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Rajendra_Lahirihttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Kakori_train_robberyhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Ashfaqullah_Khanhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Kakori_train_robberyhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Ram_Prasad_Bismilhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Kakori_train_robberyhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Chandrashekar_Azad -
8/13/2019 Indian Revolutonaries
6/15
after
independenc
e
Manmath Nath Gupta Kakori train robbery(1926)
Sentenced to
Life in KakoriCase; Became
a journalist
after
independenc
e
Govind Charan Kar Kakori train robbery(1926)
Sentenced to
Life in Kakori
Case
Sukhdev Thapar JP Saunders assassination (1928)
Sentenced todeath in
Second
Lahore
Conspiracy
Case;Hanged
in 1931
Batukeshwar Dutt Central Assembly bombing (1929)
Sentenced to
Life in Central
AssemblyBomb Case;
Released in
1937
Bhagavathi Charan Vohra Central Assembly bombing (1929)
Killed in
bomb blast
(1930)
Kailash Pati Gadodia Store Robbery (1929)
Arrested in
1930. Turned
Approver
Phanindra Nath Ghosh Leader of Bengali faction
Arrested in
1930. Turned
Approver;
Killed in
retaliation
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Manmath_Nath_Guptahttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Manmath_Nath_Guptahttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Kakori_train_robberyhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Kakori_train_robberyhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Govind_Charan_Kar&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Govind_Charan_Kar&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Kakori_train_robberyhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Kakori_train_robberyhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Sukhdev_Thaparhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Sukhdev_Thaparhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Batukeshwar_Dutthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Batukeshwar_Dutthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Bhagavathi_Charan_Vohra&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Bhagavathi_Charan_Vohra&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Kailash_Pati&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Kailash_Pati&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Phanindra_Nath_Ghosh&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Phanindra_Nath_Ghosh&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Phanindra_Nath_Ghosh&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Kailash_Pati&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Bhagavathi_Charan_Vohra&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Batukeshwar_Dutthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Sukhdev_Thaparhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Kakori_train_robberyhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Govind_Charan_Kar&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Kakori_train_robberyhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Manmath_Nath_Gupta -
8/13/2019 Indian Revolutonaries
7/15
(1931)
Yash Pal Viceroy train bombing (1929)
Arrested in
1932.
Sentenced to
seven yearsrigorous
imprisonmen
t; Became a
Award
winning
novelist
Jaidev Kapur Central Assembly bombing (1929)
Sentenced to
life inSecond
Lahore
Conspiracy
Case;
Sheo Varma Central Assembly bombing (1929)
Sentenced to
life inSecond
Lahore
Conspiracy
Case;
Bejoy Kumar Sinha Central Assembly bombing (1929)
Sentenced to
life inSecondLahore
Conspiracy
Case;
Gaya Prasad Central Assembly bombing (1929)
Sentenced to
life inSecond
Lahore
Conspiracy
Case;
[edit]See also
Lala Lajpat Rai
Kakori Train Robbery
Revolutionary movement for Indian independence
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Yash_Palhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Yash_Palhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Jaidev_Kapur&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Jaidev_Kapur&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Sheo_Varma&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Sheo_Varma&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Bejoy_Kumar_Sinha&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Bejoy_Kumar_Sinha&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Gaya_Prasad&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Gaya_Prasad&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=13http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=13http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=13http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Lala_Lajpat_Raihttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Lala_Lajpat_Raihttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Kakori_Train_Robberyhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Kakori_Train_Robberyhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Revolutionary_movement_for_Indian_independencehttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Revolutionary_movement_for_Indian_independencehttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Revolutionary_movement_for_Indian_independencehttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Kakori_Train_Robberyhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Lala_Lajpat_Raihttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=13http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Gaya_Prasad&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Bejoy_Kumar_Sinha&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Sheo_Varma&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Second_Lahore_Conspiracy_Case&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Jaidev_Kapur&action=edit&redlink=1http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Yash_Pal -
8/13/2019 Indian Revolutonaries
8/15
Lahore Conspiracy Case
[edit]Notes
^Saha, p. 16-17
^abcdRalhan, P. 801-807
^abcRalhan, p.806
^Grewal, P.42
^Grewal, P44-45
^abBowden & Davis, P.29
^Bhagat Singh, P.16
^Grewal, P.46
^Bhagat Singh, P.18
^Relhan, P.716-720
^Relhan, P.720-730
^Gandhi, P.298
^Nayar p.173-175
[edit]References
Ralhan, Om Prakash (1998),Encyclopaedia of political parties, Volumes 33-50,New Delhi:
Anmol Publications,ISBN 8174888659,http://books.google.com/books?id=RJCB7CPPeWwC
Grewal, P.M.S (2007),Bhagat Singh, liberation's blazing star,New Delhi: LeftWord Books,ISBN
8174888659,http://books.google.com/books?id=fSezgPlshGUC
Bowden, Brett; Davis, Michael. T (2009),Terror: From Tyrannicide to Terrorism,Australia:
Univ. of Queensland Press,ISBN 0702235997,
http://books.google.com/books?id=dZjj87U6v9AC
Singh, Bhagat; Lala, Camanna; Hooja, Bhupendra (2007),The jail notebook and other writings,
New Delhi: Left Word Books,ISBN 818749672X,
http://books.google.com/books?id=OAq4N60oopEC
Nayar, Kuldip (2000),The martyr: Bhagat Singh experiments in revolution,New Delhi: Har-
Anand Publications,ISBN 8124107009,http://books.google.com/books?id=bG9lA6CrgQgC
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Lahore_Conspiracy_Casehttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Lahore_Conspiracy_Casehttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=14http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=14http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=14http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=15http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=15http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=15http://books.google.com/books?id=RJCB7CPPeWwChttp://books.google.com/books?id=RJCB7CPPeWwChttp://books.google.com/books?id=RJCB7CPPeWwChttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Special:BookSources/8174888659http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Special:BookSources/8174888659http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Special:BookSources/8174888659http://books.google.com/books?id=fSezgPlshGUChttp://books.google.com/books?id=fSezgPlshGUChttp://books.google.com/books?id=fSezgPlshGUChttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Special:BookSources/8174888659http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Special:BookSources/8174888659http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Special:BookSources/8174888659http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Special:BookSources/8174888659http://books.google.com/books?id=dZjj87U6v9AChttp://books.google.com/books?id=dZjj87U6v9AChttp://books.google.com/books?id=dZjj87U6v9AChttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Special:BookSources/0702235997http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Special:BookSources/0702235997http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Special:BookSources/0702235997http://books.google.com/books?id=OAq4N60oopEChttp://books.google.com/books?id=OAq4N60oopEChttp://books.google.com/books?id=OAq4N60oopEChttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Special:BookSources/818749672Xhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Special:BookSources/818749672Xhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Special:BookSources/818749672Xhttp://books.google.com/books?id=bG9lA6CrgQgChttp://books.google.com/books?id=bG9lA6CrgQgChttp://books.google.com/books?id=bG9lA6CrgQgChttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Special:BookSources/8124107009http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Special:BookSources/8124107009http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Special:BookSources/8124107009http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Special:BookSources/8124107009http://books.google.com/books?id=bG9lA6CrgQgChttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Special:BookSources/818749672Xhttp://books.google.com/books?id=OAq4N60oopEChttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Special:BookSources/0702235997http://books.google.com/books?id=dZjj87U6v9AChttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Special:BookSources/8174888659http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Special:BookSources/8174888659http://books.google.com/books?id=fSezgPlshGUChttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Special:BookSources/8174888659http://books.google.com/books?id=RJCB7CPPeWwChttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=15http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/l%20http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Socialist_Republican_Association&action=edit§ion=14http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Lahore_Conspiracy_Case -
8/13/2019 Indian Revolutonaries
9/15
Gandhi, Rajmohan (2008),Gandhi: the man, his people, and the empire,Berkeley: University
of California Press,ISBN 0520255704,http://books.google.com/books?id=FauJL7LKXmkC
Saha, Murari Mohan (2001),Documents Of The Revolutionary Socialist Party 1938-1947 A.D,
Volume 1,Agartala: Lokayata Chetana
NOTICE
J.P. Saunders is dead; Lala Lajpat Rai is avenged
Really it is horrible to imagine that so lowly and violent hand violent hand of an ordinary
Police Offical, J.P. Saunders could ever dare to touch in such an insulting way the body of one
so old, so revered and so loved by 300 millions of people of Hindustan and thus cause his
death. The youth and manhood of India was challenged by blows hurled down on the head of
the India's nationhood. And let the world know that India still lives; that the blood of youths
has not been totally cooled down and that they can still risk their lives, if the honour of their
nation is at stake. And it is proved through this act by those obscure who are ever persecuted,
condemned and denounced even by their own people.
Beware, Ye Tyrants ; Beware
Do not injure the felling of a downtrodden and oppressed country. Think twice before
perpetrating such diabolical deed, And remember that despite 'Arms Act' and strict guards
against the smuggling of arms, the revolvers will ever continue to flow in-if no sufficient at
present for and armed revolt, then at least sufficient to avenge the national insults. Inspite of
all the denunciations and condemnation 0f their own kiths and kins, and ruthless repression
and persecution of the alien government, party of young men will ever live to teach a lesson
to the haughty rulers. They will be so bold as to cry even amidst the raging storm of
opposition and repression, even on the scaffold:
"LONG LIVE THE REVOLUTION" !
Sorry for the death of a man. But in this man has died the representative of an institution
which is so cruel, lowly and so base that it must be abolished. In this man has died an agent of
the British authority in India-the most tyrannical of Govt. of Govts. In the world.
Sorry for the bloodshed of a human being; but the sacrifice of individuals at the altar of the
Revolution that will bring freedom to all and make the exploitation of man by main
impossible, is inevitable.
Long Live The Revolution" !
.Sd/ - Balraj
Dated 18th December, 1928 Commander-in-Chief
It was December 19, 1927. The winter sun rose late. But its golden rays brought warmth and
joy to people shivering in the biting cold.
At the same time, in the District Jail at Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh, officials were getting ready to
put an end to the life of a man. He was a revolutionary. Officials, both high and low, were
busy. The Chief Jailer carefully inspected the rope, the sandbags and other things necessary
http://books.google.com/books?id=FauJL7LKXmkChttp://books.google.com/books?id=FauJL7LKXmkChttp://books.google.com/books?id=FauJL7LKXmkChttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Special:BookSources/0520255704http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Special:BookSources/0520255704http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Special:BookSources/0520255704http://books.google.com/books?id=IuWVGAAACAAJhttp://books.google.com/books?id=IuWVGAAACAAJhttp://books.google.com/books?id=IuWVGAAACAAJhttp://books.google.com/books?id=IuWVGAAACAAJhttp://books.google.com/books?id=IuWVGAAACAAJhttp://books.google.com/books?id=IuWVGAAACAAJhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/wiki/Special:BookSources/0520255704http://books.google.com/books?id=FauJL7LKXmkC -
8/13/2019 Indian Revolutonaries
10/15
for his execution . He was fully satisfied with the arrangements. Then he called out to his
subordinate, "Bring the convict here". The official went with ten soldiers. The door of the cell
of the man who was to die opened with a loud, harsh sound. That was the last time the door
opened for this man.The brave patriot was waiting for this call. He asked cheerfully, "Is
everything ready?"
The Lion Among Men
The hero in chains walked upright and with resolve between soldiers who led him to the
hangmans post. Those who were there forgot their positions and prestige and gazed at him
with wonder and admiration. Once at the foot of the steps leading to the post, he covered
them in two leaps and stood facing the post. When they removed the chains, he put forward
his arms, drew the rope towards him and kissed it. He said, "My hands are not soiled with the
murder of man. The charge against me is false. God will give me justice".Then he prayed in
clear, ringing tones "La ilahi il Allah, Mohammed Ur Rasool Allah".The hangmans noose came
round his neck. The moment the lever was pressed, the plank on which he stood moved
quickly and he went down into the pit below. He joined the band of the brave immortal
heroes of the land. This hero wasAshfaqulla Khan,the immortal revolutionary.
Born in the early part of the twentieth century in Shahjahanpur, Uttar Pradesh, Ashfaqulla
was the son of Shafiqulla Khan. In 1921 the clouds of the non-cooperation movement were
gathering all over India. Mahatma Gandhi had called on Indians not to pay taxes to the
Government or cooperate with the British. This had kindled the fire of freedom in the hearts
of all Indians. But at a place called Chauri Chaura people indulged in violence and set ablaze a
police station resulting in the death of some policemen. Gandhi became sad on hearing this. It
pained him much. So he called off the non-cooperation movement in February, 1922. The
youth of the country were greatly disappointed and dejected on account of this.
Ashfaqulla was one such dejected youth. The country should become free as early as possible
this was his yearning and so he joined the revolutionaries. It was then that he decided to win
the friendship of Ramaprasad, the revolutionary of Shahjahanpur.
PanditRam Prasad Bismilwas already a famous revolutionary.
Ashfaq had one great difficulty in winning the friendship of Ramaprasad. He was a member of
the Arya Samaj. He was eager to explain the greatness of the Hindu religion to those
belonging to other faiths. He was eager to take back to the Hindu fold those who wished to
return. He had almost taken a vow to do this. Ashfaq was a devout Muslim. But his religion did
not come in the way of his attempt to win the friendship of Ramaprasad. Though initially
Ashfaq met with some resistance from Ramprasad, eventually his relentless pursuit to strike
up a friendship with Bismil bore fruit and they became friends. They ate and lived the
revolutionary lives together. In the end both became martyrs on the same day but in different
jails.
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/ashfaqullakhan.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/ashfaqullakhan.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/ashfaqullakhan.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/ramprasadbismil.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/ramprasadbismil.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/ramprasadbismil.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/ramprasadbismil.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/ashfaqullakhan.html -
8/13/2019 Indian Revolutonaries
11/15
The young revolutionaries wanted to make use of revolver, bombs and other weapons to fight
the British. Kashi (Varanasi) was the centre of their activities. They formed the Hindustan
Republican Association. Their main objective was to win freedom for the country through
armed revolution.
This Association published a manifesto called Krantikari in 1925, spelling out its aims andobjectives. The manifesto said it was wrong for one man to become rich by making another
man work hard; it was also wrong for one man to be the master of another. The Association
wanted to put an end to such things. Ramaprasad became the chief organiser of the
Shahjahnpur wing of the Association. To meet their financial needs Ramaprasad and his
assosiates looted some villages. Ashfaq took part in these activities with his brothers licensed
rifle.But the money they got by this means was not enough for their activities.
The idea of the Kakori train robbery was conceived in the mind of Ramaprasad while travelling
by train from Shahjahanpur to Lucknow. At every station he noticed moneybags being taken
into the guards van and being dropped into an iron safe. At Lucknow, he observed that there
were no special security arrangements. He ran up and noted down the time and number of
the train from the time table. He calculated that the money would amount to at least ten
thousand rupees. He decided not to miss this chance. This was the beginning of the famous
train dacoity at Kakori.
At a meeting with revolutionaries from Kashi, Kanpur, Lucknow and Agra, Ramaprasad
explained his plans to them . He said, "If we loot the money belonging to the Government, we
will get enough for our activities. Moreover, we will not have to harm our own people for
money. The task is difficult. It needs to be done with great care. But our efforts will bring
excellent rewards. The government also will come to know that the revolutionaries do not
mealy talk but act".The members liked his idea.
Ashfaq listened silently. From the day he had heard it from Ramaprasad, he had thought
about it thoroughly. So he got up and said, "Friends, I consider it a hasty step. It may be a
good plan in some ways. But let us think of our strength and the strength of the Government.
In an ordinary dacoity, much money is not involved. Besides, the Government will treat it as
one of the many usual occurrences. So we shall have to face only what the police normally
does in such cases. It will be a different tale when he meddles with money belonging to
Government. The entire government machinery will be used to trace and crush us. In my
opinion we cannot escape detection and punishment. Our party is not strong enough. Let us
drop this plan".
But the revolutionaries were caught up in a flood of enthusiasm; they were not prepared to
listen to sense. After debating the plan for a long time they decided to go ahead and entrusted
the task to Ramaprasad. At the outset he sounded a word of caution. He said, "Friends, we
should not fire at any one unless they fire at us. As far as possible let us do this deed without
bloodshed". The meeting broke up.
-
8/13/2019 Indian Revolutonaries
12/15
Kakori Train Robbery
On August 9, 1925 when the No.8 Down Train from Shahjahanpur to Lucknow was
approaching Kakori , some one pulled the chain and the train stopped abruptly. Ashfaqulla got
off the second class compartment with his friends Sachindra Bakshi and Rajendra Lahiri.
He had done the first part of his duty in the Kakori plot that day.
The guard got down to find out in which compartment the chain had been pulled and why.
Two revolutionaries fell on him and made him lie down on his face. Two others pushed the
driver from the engine to the ground and stood guard over him. One revolutionary stood at
each end of the train and both fired shots with their pistols. In the meantime they shouted,
"Travellers, do not be afraid. We are revolutionaries fighting for freedom. Your lives, money
and honour are safe. But take care not to peep out of the train".
Four young men entered the guards van. They managed to push the box to the ground. It hada strong lock. There was an opening on the top; through this opening they could drop
moneybags into it. But nothing could be taken out of it.The revolutionaries started dealing
blows with hammers to break it open. Ashfaq was the strongest of the group and ran towards
the box. He dealt blows after blows on the opening of the box to widen it.
Suddenly they heard the sound of a train coming from Lucknow. Ramaprasad was frightened
for a moment. He trembled at the thought of the moving train colliding with the train they
had stopped.
All eyes were on Ramaprasad. He ordered, "Stop firing. Turn down the pistols. Do not strike
the box. Ashfaq, wait a little". The few minutes were like an age. The fast moving train passed
by on the other track. The slit in the box was widened and the moneybags were taken out.
During this time all passengers remained quiet including the British officers thinking that a big
gang of dacoits had attacked the train.
The safe lay open. They were busy taking out the moneybags bundling them in rugs. Some of
them walked towards Lucknow with the bundles on their head. Just ten young men had done
this difficult job because of their courage, discipline and patience, leadership and, above all,
love for the country. They had written a memorable chapter in the history of Indias fight for
freedom. These revolutionaries were Ramaprasad Bismil, Rajendra Lahiri, Thakur Roshan
Singh, Sachindra Bakshi,Chandra Sekhar Azad,Keshab Chakravarty, Banwari Lal, Mukundi Lal,Manmath Nath Gupta and Ashfaqulla Khan.
A month passed after the Kakori dacoity, and yet no one was arrested. But the Government
had spread a big net.
On the morning of September 26, 1925 Ramaprasad was arrested. Before the police could
arrest Ashfaq, he had escaped from his home and hid in a sugarcane field half a mile from his
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/chandrashekharazad.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/chandrashekharazad.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/chandrashekharazad.htmlhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_6/chandrashekharazad.html -
8/13/2019 Indian Revolutonaries
13/15
home. The police grew tired of searching for Ashfaq. All except Ashfaq had been taken into
custody. He managed to reach Kashi after a difficult journey and met a few friends in the
Benares University. They advised him to live quietly at least for some time. With the help of
these friends he went to Bihar. He got a job as a clerk in an engineering firm at Daltonganj in
Palamau district. He worked in the firm for about ten months. This long and forced rest
became tiresome for him. So he went to Delhi to find out how he could go abroad and beganmaking preparations. He met a Pathan friend from Shahjahanpur. They had been classmates
at school. He was happy to meet Ashfaq after a long time. He took Ashfaq to his room and
ordered a nice meal for him. They went on talking about old times till 11 o clock at night.
Then Ashfaq went back to his room.
The next morning Ashfaq was sound asleep. Suddenly there was a loud knock. Ashfaq was still
sleepy-eyed as he opened the door. And at once he fell into the hands of the police.
Friendship, duty and even the feeling of belonging to the same placenone of these could
check the Pathans greed for money. The Pathan had fed him, talked to him in a very friendly
way and then had handed Ashfaq to the police.
The police wanted to use Ashfaq to suit their plans; they tried very hard to do so. An army
officer, Tasadruk Khan, was in the police department and had rendered useful service to the
British as their agent in Arabia during the First World War. He met Ashfaq in prison and tried
to make him agree to give evidence against his former friends. But Ashfaq did not like his
advice. The police charge -sheeted him in the court. By this time the Kakori case had
progressed much; the case against Ashfaq was combined with it. A committee had been
formed to defend the accused in the main case. Motilal Nehru was the chairman. There were
eminent men like Jawaharlal, Sriprakasha, Acharya Narendra Dev, Govind Ballabh Pant and
Chandra Bhanu Gupta on the committee.
Life in prison had made Ashfaq very pious. He said his prayers regularly and during Ramzan
fasted very strictly. The main case and the complementary case relating to the Kakori train
robbery came to an end. The Court of Justice under the British rule gave its judgement.
Ramaprasad Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan, Rajendra Lahiri and Roshan Singh were to be put to
death; the others were given life sentences.
The whole country protested against the death sentences. Members of the Central Legislature
petitioned the Viceroy to reduce their death sentences into life sentences. Appeals were sent
to the Privy council, the highest court in those days. But British imperialism was thirsting for
the blood of the Indian revolutionaries.
The four revolutionaries sentenced to death died with a smile on their lips and a prayer that
they be born again in India so that they could fight again for the countrys freedom. And so
they became martyrs.
Ashfaq and Ramaprasad were poets just as they were revolutionaries. Ashfaq had composed
poems mostly in Urdu and a few in Hindi. His pen names were Varasi and Hazarat. Ashfaqulla
-
8/13/2019 Indian Revolutonaries
14/15
was an ideal revolutionary. His devotion to the cause he admired made him the foremost
among those who gave their lives to win freedom for the country. Love for the motherland,
clear thinking, courage, firmness and loyalty were embodied in Ashfaq to the hilt. He deserves
to be remembered and cherished by all Indians for his noble qualities.
(Shachindra Nath Bakshi b. 25 Dec 1904, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh - d. was a prominent Indianrevolutionary belonging to Hindustan Republican Association (HRA, which after 1928 became
the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association or HSRA) that was created to carry out
revolutionary activities against the British Empire in India.He participated in Kakori train
robbery and was sentenced to life for the same.)
(Rajendra Lahiri 1892 - December 17, 1927 also known as Rajendra Nath Lahiri, was a Bengali
revolutionary who participated in various revolutionary activities of the Hindustan Socialist
Republican Association aimed at ousting the British from India.He was born in village
Mohanpur in District Pabna in erstwhile Bengal (now in Bangladesh). His father was Kshitish
Mohan Lahiri. Rajendra Lahiri owned a big estate in Varanasi, but was very active in
revolutionary and nationalist activities against the British rule. He participated in the
Dakshineshwar bomb case and was sentenced to jail. He took part in the famous Kakori train
robbery on August 9, 1925. He was arrested and tried, along with several other
revolutionaries, in the year-long case. He was found guilty and hanged in the Gonda jail on
December 17, 1927.)
(Thakur Roshan Singh (20 Dec 1927 Allahabad Uttar Pradesh) was a great Indian
revolutionary.He hailed from Shahjahanpur, Uttar Pradesh.He belonged to Hindustan
Republican Association (HRA, which after 1928 became the Hindustan Socialist Republican
Association or HSRA) that was created to carry out revolutionary activities against the British
Empire in India.He participated in Kakori train robbery and was tried and sentenced to death
for the same.He was a close associate of Pandit Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan, Chandra
Shekar Azaad and Shaheed Bhagat Singh.)
(Banwari Lal was a prominent Indian revolutionary.He hailed from Shahjahanpur, Uttar
Pradesh.He belonged to Hindustan Republican Association (HRA, which after 1928 became the
Hindustan Socialist Republican Association or HSRA) that was created to carry out
revolutionary activities against the British Empire in India.He participated in Kakori train
robbery and was sentenced for two years imprisonment.)
(Manmath Nath Gupta (1908-October 2000) was an Indian revolutionary and author ofautobiographical, historical and fictional books in Hindi, English and Bengali. He joined the
Indian independence movement at the age of 13, and was an active member of the Hindustan
Republican Association. He participated in the famous Kakori train robbery in 1925 and was
imprisoned till India's independence in 1947. He has written several books on the history of
the Indian struggle for independence from a revolutionary's point of view, including They
Lived Dangerously - Reminiscences of a Revolutionary. He was also the editor of the Hindi
-
8/13/2019 Indian Revolutonaries
15/15
literary magazine Aajkal. Manmath Nath Gupta joined the Indian nationalist movement as
early as the age of 13 years. In 1921, he was distributing pamphlets in the Gadolia area of
Benares calling for a boycott of the reception of the Prince of Wales by the Maharaja of
Banares. When a police officer approached him, he stood his ground instead of running away.
During the court proceedings, he told the judge, "I will not cooperate with you." He was jailed
for three months. The Kakori train robbery was the turning point in his life. On 9 August 1925,ten revolutionaries including Manmath Nath Gupta stopped a train near Kakori and looted the
government treasury traveling in it. He was later arrested and tried for this incident, but being
a teenager at that time, was not sentenced to death. He was instead imprisoned for life, and
spent some time in the Cellular Jail in Andaman.He was released from imprisonment after
India gained independence on August 15, 1947. He became a prolific writer, producing about
120 books in Hindi, English and Bengali. In They Lived Dangerously he narrates the life of
revolutionaries and how they saw and reacted to the various events in Indian independence
movement. This often presents an alternative point of view to the commonly accepted
account. Speaking of the Chauri Chaura incident, he said, "India would have attained
independence in 1922 but for Gandhis bungling, as many competent writers have said, but
there is no doubt that on this occasion Gandhi had failed badly." he became a Communist
party of India(CPI)member and was active in political and social movements.He joined the
Indian Ministry of Information and Broadcasting and edited the Planning Commission's
prestigious publications, including Yojna. He was also the editor of Bal Bharti, a children's
magazine, and Aajkal, a Hindi literary magazine.)
Top of Form 1
Web www.liveindia.com
Email
Bottom of Form 1