Indian Removal, Tariffs, National

Bank, States Rights

The Age of Jackson Continued

What can you see in this painting that indicates this was a difficult journey?

Starter:

Main Idea: Jackson struggled to keep the South from breaking away from the Union over the issue of Tariffs.

- Disputes about States’ Rights and the power of the federal government are still important in national politics today.

Conflicts over States’ Rights

The Big Idea

President Jackson supported a policy of Indian removal.

Main Ideas

• The Indian Removal Act authorized the relocation of Native Americans to the West.

• Cherokee resistance to removal led to disagreement between Jackson and the Supreme Court.

• Other Native Americans resisted removal with force.

Indian Removal Act

1830

• Choctaw

– First to be sent to Indian Territory.

– 7.5 million acres of their land taken by Mississippi.

– One-fourth died on the way.

• Creek

– Resisted but were captured and forced to march to Indian Territory.

• Chickasaw

– Negotiated treaty for better supplies, but many died.

Native Americans

The Cherokee Fight Back

The Cherokee Nation tried to win just

treatment through the legal system

-Chief Justice Marshall refused to rule

on the first case the Cherokee brought

against Georgia.

---read pg. 228-----

Worcester v. Georgia

The Big Idea

Andrew Jackson’s presidency was marked by political conflicts.

Main Ideas

• Regional differences grew during Jackson’s presidency.

• The rights of the states were debated amid arguments about a national tariff.

• Jackson’s attack on the Bank sparked controversy.

• Jackson’s policies led to the Panic of 1837.

Regional Differences grew during Jackson’s presidency….

North

• Economy based on manufacturing

• Support for tariffs

South

• Economy based on agriculture

• Opposition to tariffs increased the cost of imported goods

West

• Emerging economy

• Support for internal improvements and the sale of public lands

“Quick Facts”

*** In Jackson’s opinion the National Bank of the US was powerful!

The Nullification Theory:

Jackson’s Vice president: John C. Calhoun (South Carolina)

Called the tariff of 1828 a Tariff of Abomination…..”disgusting and loathsome” tariff.

-The South- as an agricultural region, dependent on cotton

-Some South Carolinians began to wonder if Calhoun really cared about the needs of his state.

-Calhoun devised a nullification theory: questioned the legality of applying some federal laws in sovereign states.

What is a tariff?

A tariff is a tax placed on imported goods.

• In 1827, northern manufacturers had demanded a tariff on imported wool goods.

– Would provide protection against foreign competition.

• Southerners opposed a tariff– Why? It would hurt their economy! What was their economy? Cotton, agriculture

• Congress passed a high tariff on imports before Jackson became president.

-The South called it the Tariff of Abominations.

Tariff of Abominations

Hayne and Webster Debate States Rights

The tariff question lead to a great debate:

-In January 1830, visitors to the senate to Senator Robert Hayne (SC) debate Senator

Daniel Webster (Mass.)…...read pg. 232 first paragraph---SC. Rebels

Jackson Attacks National Bank

Jackson wages a war (personal war) on the Bank of the United States

-He vetoed the bill (crisis of 1832) to recharter the Bank-Jackson opposes the Bank: the 2nd bank’s 20 year charter was not due to expire until 1836; Henry Clay and Daniel Webster wanted to introduce the renewal earlier to make it a campaign issue.

---read pg. 233: Jackson opposes the bank---

Create a Mind Map of Jackson’s Presidency: