Indian Power Sector- Indian Power Sector- Clean Coal TechnologiesClean Coal Technologies

V.S. VERMAV.S. VERMA

MEMBER , CERCMEMBER , CERC

11

22

• Installed Capacity – from 1362 MW in 1947 at the time of Independence to 1,82,689 MW on 31/10/11

• Gross Electricity Generation – from 4073 MU in 1947 to 789,013 MU ON 31/3/11

• Per capita consumption- from 16.3 Units in ’47 to 813.5 Units in 2010-11

• All India PLF of thermal stations – from 52.4 % in 1985-86 to 76.8% in 2010-11

Highlights of Power Sector

33

Installed Capacity = 1,82,689 MW

INSTALLED CAPACITY AS ON 31.10.2011

44

GROWTH OF INSTALLED CAPACITY

55

GROWTH OF ELECTRICITY GENERATION IN INDIA

66

GROWTH OF PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION

77

ALL INDIA PLANT LOAD FACTOR OF COAL BASED POWER PLANTS (%)

88

PeriodPeak

Demand(MW)

PeakMet

(MW)

PeakDeficit/Surplus(MW)

PeakDeficit/Surplus

( % )

EnergyRequi-rment(MU)

EnergyAvail-ability(MU)

EnergyDeficit/Surplus

(MU)

EnergyDeficit/Surplus

( % )

2007-08 108866 90793 -18073 -16.6 739343 666007 -73336 -9.9

2008-09 109809 96785 -13024 -11.9 777039 691038 -86001 -11.1

2009-10119,16

6104,00

9-15,157 -12.7

830,594

746,644-

83,950-10.1

2010-11122,28

7110,25

6-12,031 -9.8

861,591

788,355-

73,236-8.5

Actual Power Supply Position

99

  

Peak Deman

d

Peak Met

Surplus/DeficitEnergy

Requirement

Energy Availabilit

ySurplus/Deficit

(MW) (MW) (MW) % (MU) (MU) (MU) %

Northern 40248 37117 -3131 -7.8 164922 155486 -9436 -5.7

Western 42042 36007 -6035 -14.4 156328 142314 -14014 -9.0

Madhya Pradesh 9150 7842 -1308 -14.3 22885 20394 -2491 -10.9

Southern 33937 31489 -2448 -7.2 147438 138887 -8551 -5.8

Eastern 14505 13971 -534 -3.7 57944 55509 -2435 -4.2

N-Eastern 1920 1782 -138 -7.2 6700 6069 -631 -9.4

All India 128907 114233 -14674 -11.4 533332 498265 -35067 -6.6

Power Supply Position ( April2011-Oct 2011)

1010

(in MW)

Capacity addition target during 11th Plan 78,700

Capacity addition likely as per Mid Term Assessment

62,374

Capacity addition likely as per latest assessment

52,895

Capacity Commissioned during 11th Plan (as on 15.11.2011) (Hydro- 5260 MW, Thermal-38,408 MW, Nuclear – 880 MW)(Private Sector -17,428 MW, State Sector- 14,510 MW, Central Sector- 12,610 MW)

44,548

CAPACITY ADDITION DURING 11TH PLAN (2007-2012)

1111

Projects under construction in Madhya Pradesh -Thermal

  THERMAL        

1Vindhyachal TPP-IV U 11,12

MP NTPC C 1000

2 Satpura TPP Ext U-10,11 MP MPPGCL S 500

3Shree Singati (Malwa) TPP U 1,2

MP MPGENCO S 1200

4 Bina TPP U-1,2 MPBina Power Supply Company Ltd., Jaypee Group

P 500

5 Anoppur TPP -I U 1,2 MP MB Power ( M P) Ltd. P 1200

6 Sasan UMPP MP Reliance Power Ltd. P 3960

7 Nigri TPP U 1,2 MP JP Power Ventures Ltd. P 1320

8 Mahan TPP U 1,2 MP Essar Power MP Ltd. P 1200

9 DB POWER U1,2 MP DB POWER   1320

  TOTAL (THERMAL)       12200

1212

CAPACITY ADDITION -12TH PLAN (2012-2017)

•Report of Working Group on Power for 12th Plan expected shortly. Likely requirement of capacity addition during 12th Plan - about 80,000 MW. ( RES – 18,500 MW; 55% Capacity - Private Sector; 40% - coal based supercritical technology

•Target of energy saving through DSM and Energy Efficiency measures about 60 BU at busbar, avoided peaking capacity about 12,000 MW.

1313

Size Steam Parameter Efficiency Year

MW ata/C/C (%)

30-50 60/ 482 ~31 1950

60-100 90/ 535 32-33 1960

110 to150 130/ 535/535 35-36 1970

200/210 130,150/535/535 36.3,37.8 1977

250 150/535/535 38.3 1995

500 170/ 538/538 38.5 1984

500 170/535/565 38.7 2010

660 247/535/565 ~39.5 2010

660/800 247/565/593 40.5

 Efficiency on HHV basis

Major Unit Sizes and Steam parameters

1414

High Efficiency .. Indian Conditions

•High CW temperature 33 -36 deg C

•High Ambient temperature

•Poor Coal Quality– High Ash– Slow burning– Abrasive

•High Heat Rate (Low Efficiency) & High Aux Power

•Estimated impact - ~ 2-4 percentage points

Efficiency Computations made on Gross Generation and GCV of Coal

1515

Supercritical Unit Sizes Unit Size (MW)

Parameters Design Efficiency* Gross on

HHV

660 247kg/cm2 538/565 O C

39.5 %

247kg/cm2 565/593 O C

40.5 %

800 247kg/cm2 565/593 O C

40.5 %

1616

Supercritical Technology•First Supercritical unit of 660 MW

Commissioned in Dec-2010

•4 Units with total capacity 2640 MW operating

•~ 4000 MW supercritical capacity to be operational in 11th Plan (March -2012)

•Supercritical to constitute ~40% coal fired capacity addition in 12th Plan (2012-17)

•100% coal fired capacity addition in 13th Plan and beyond to be supercritical

1717

Ultra supercritical (USC) technology

− International Experience ~ 280 bars 600 deg C.

− Experience limited mainly in Japan, Europe and few countries

− International Developments under watch− Higher Steam Parameters Contemplated

Based On Feed Back Of Operating Supercritical Units

1818

LIST OF SUPERCRITICAL PROJECTS COMMISSIONED DURING 11TH PLAN

Sl.No.

PLANT NAME STATEDEVELOPE

R

BENEFITS

11TH PLAN (2007-

12)

1 MUNDRA TPP PH-II U 1,2 GUJARATADANI

POWER1320

2 MUNDRA TPP PH-III U 1 GUJARATADANI

POWER660

3 SIPAT-I U1CHATTISG

ARHNTPC 660

 TOTAL (COMMISSIONED) TILL 15.11.2011

    2640

1919

LIST OF SUPERCRITICAL PROJECTS UNDER EXECUTION FOR LIKELY BENEFITS DURING 11TH PLAN

Sl.No.

PLANT NAME STATE DEVELOPER

LIKELY BENEFITS 11TH PLAN (2007-12)

1ULTRA MEGA MUNDRA

U1GUJARAT TATA POWER 800

2 TIRODA TPP PH-I, U1 MAHARASHTRA ADANI POWER 660

3 SIPAT-I U2 CHATTISGARH NTPC 660

4 Jhajjar TPP U1 HARYANA CLP POWER 660

  TOTAL (UNDER EXECUTION)    2780

2020

LIST OF SUPERCRITICAL PROJECTS UNDER EXECUTION FOR LIKELY BENEFITS DURING 12TH PLAN IN MADHYA PRADESH

1 Sasan UMPP U 1-4Reliance Power Ltd.

2640MW

2 Nigri TPP U 1JP Power

Ventures Ltd.

660MW

2121

Advance Ultra Supercritical Technology– Efforts underway for indigenous

development of 700 deg C technology – Part of National Mission on Clean Coal

Technology– MoU between IGCAR, NTPC & BHEL – Indigenous design and manufacturing of

materials proposed

2222

Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)

•Limited International experience & with low ash coals ( Only 6 plants are in operation in the world)

•Fluidised bed gasifier considered suitable for Indian coals not proven Internationally

•High Capital and operating Cost

• IGCC technology for Indian coal requires indigenous development through R&D – Feasibility studies done by Nexant, USA & BHEL

•Indicate Low efficiency and low availability

2323

Future Ahead for IGCC

– BHEL MOU with APGENCO for IGCC demo project

– NTPC desirous of setting up IGCC demo plant through International cooperation

2424

Oxyfuel Technology

• Is currently being developed around the world

•Few small projects are in operation or proposed

– Vattenfall 30 MW , Germany

•Barriers – Need of high purity Oxygen – high

penalty on Efficiency– Technology yet to be proven

2525

CO2 Emissions

2626

Per Capita CO2 Emissions (t CO2/capita)

•World – 4.29

• India - 1.37

•China – 5.13

•USA - 16.90

(Source: IEA key world Energy Statistics 2011)

2727

Absolute CO2 Emissions from Indian Power Sector*

469.7 494.7 520.5 548.3 579.8

0.0100.0200.0300.0400.0500.0600.0700.0

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10

Year

Mill

ion

tC

O2

Estimated to be ~600 Million tonnes in 2010-11

Emissions are from Grid Connected power stations

2828

Average CO2 Emissions per unit Grid Average kg CO2/kWh

NEWNE 0.82 Southern 0.75 India 0.81

NEWNE – Northern,Eastern,Western and North Eastern Grid

2929

CO2 emissions from various unit sizes in kg CO2/MWh

•800 MW – ~0.88

•660MW - ~0.90

•500 MW – ~0.92

•210 MW – ~0.94

3030