(indian political thinkers)dde-ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/bhartiye...(iv) 3.6 ^ (theory of...

(Indian Political Thinkers)(1-115)

I. TTJPftRra? : T^ep qRisJil (Political Thoughts; An Introduction) 2-17

1.1 (Introduction)1.2 (Objectives)

TTsntfciq) (Traditional Political Theory)1.4 STT^piqi <l'j|'flRi<+i ftrsra (Modem Political Theory)1.5 '?n7f?l (Summary)

• <FI«TO (Exercise Questions)

1.3

n. afiT re)^«bHt( (Dayanand Saraswati and Swami Vivekanand)2.1 "SR^ncRl (Introduction)2.2 (Objectives)

.. 2.3 fqwt y<Wdl 3?lT(Swami Dayanand Saraswati and his Thought)

2.4 wih) fil qn “Ft "qhKR(Contribution of Swami Dayanand Saraswati in Rising of Nationalism)

2.5 ^(Contribution of Swami Vivekanand in Rising of Nationalism)

2.6 (Summary)• 3TWfra (Exerciese Questions)

18^27

ThR

28-52in. arrfsR tftq aftr (Aurobindo GhQsh and/Gokhale) •3.1 MfdWHI (Introduction)3.2 (Objectives)

(Important Works)3.33.4 ^ 3fr«Tlfcqq? aiMT (Spiritual Foundation of Aurobindo’s Political Ideas)

I-(Aurobindo’s Political Ideas)3.5 % 0“!

(Hi)

(iv)

3.6 ^ (Theory of Spiritual Nationalism)3.7 Hiiq y.=frc!t ^ 3Tr^ (Ideal of Human Unity)3.8 ^ (An Evaluation of Aurobindo)3.9 m14ivi (Gopal Krishna Gokhale)

3.10 d<Kc|lR*ll' «Ft d4>ddli| ci«^T iNdlld (Achievements of the Moderates and theirContribution to Indian Politics)

3.11 TTHTTl (Summary)• "SrH (Exercise Questions)

IV HgitHi (Mahatma Gandhi and Ambedkar)

4.1 y«iiqn (Introduction)4.2 ’ "3^7^ (Objectives)4.3 • ‘lew'jyl ■^•=in>< (Important works)4.4 'nf^f ■3ft % ■^7f=T ■% 3Ri=h (Moral Basis of Gandhian Philosophy)

4.5 UKiJfi (Summay)• 3?wTra (Exercise Questions)

53-«7

TT?T, li^iqui (M.N. Rov, Nehru, Lohia, Periyar and J.P. Narayan)V.68-115

3.1 (Introduction)3.2 (Objectives) f5.3 'sft^ nR-qq (Life Sketch)5.4 H5Tq'^''f (Important Works)

. - ' ^5.5 TFT % Rq-fli ^ (Evolution of Roy’s Philosophy)5.6 IFI sftt ‘nq^^qiq (Roy and Marxism)

5.7 HlRriq> Hi-iqctiqiq ^ Rl^ld (Theory of Radical Humanism)5.8 u'lRjo ■srsmra ^ (Concept of Organised Democracy)5.9 TFI ^ (Critical Evaluation of Roy)

5.10 viWa'q % CTir^qi % fqqK (Thought of Nehru and Lohiya about the Democracy)5.11 3TfWcn % '^Rhk % fqqK (Thought of Periyar about Asmita) ^

I ^

5.10 ■3ft^ nR-qq (Life Sketch)5.11 qqyq^i?! qKiqxi ^ fqqKUKi ^ (Development of the Political Ideas of J.P. Narayan)5.12 '>l^y+l7l ‘'HlFTri % ii-dJirddi (Political Ideas of Jai Prakash Narayan)5,.13^ ^HI'ddK fddK (Ideas on Socialism)5:14 ^ ■fFra ftrSTct (Theory of Total Revolution)^lis '5.16 (Summai’y)

• SfwTO 'Sf7=I (Exercise Questions)

^ ‘i'SII'+.'H (An Evaluation of Jai Prakash Narayan)

BA. 1st Year

Paper llnd

XM^lfrich fq-ciKch

(Indian Political Thinkers)

(Political Thought: An Introduction) eft 3?R tqi^l

(Dayanand Saraswati and Swami Vivekanand)5^ in. ^ 3frt

(Aurobindo Ghosh and Gokhale)95Fif IV. WTcin nWl 3T*^

(Mahatma Gandhi and Ambedkar)V. "HA TPT, ^R<<k t(^

(M.N. Roy, Nehru, Lohia, Periyar and J.P. Narayan)

n.

TRT*rn

Unit—I’TtT

fciTWK :

(Political Thoughts : An Introduction)

(Structure)

1.1 ywiîHI (Introduction)1.2 (Objectives)1.3 WWTcf ■feSTcT (Traditional Political Theory)1.4 (NHlfd* ftrgjrT (Modem Political Theory)1.5 ..«KRi (Summary)

- • (Exercise Questions)

1.1. Mwiciii (Introduction)

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■yiRr "^yt ■^fyyistf -'3'i Rinifi 37373 "pfi î "fyyiTOyfrH '^yfi A fi-qilPaqi Rhîa '3n "3^^7333 'F3 Ft ^ fdddi Fl 13 ■^yff ‘A RtPoiqi Pq-AA 37)7 37533Tf33> "yity 33 37*773 3773 *7t 'tl qaPy 'HUA

t)' F77 ftyTT. ■!73f3 37333 ^ tl ktiie^Dci ^ ^ Î'Jll’IRi'h ftl^lA 37t ^?llRl=h 331^ 337

q'l'i'riA 3Ft f^ 'll T1 ^yfl fi-JiAlpAqi

33 137337 7F Ft ^

fMAlRiq) 37373(371 3>l F^ ^7^ tI 77'3TFtl33r fqgidl ^ 37tF ’'313 PqgiAl ^MAtfAqi '3Z7337 3>t 37337 ^ ‘'7737 37737 Ft 77373)1337 137573 ■% Pyysdd 377 ■37773 ^1

3/<A?q 7733?^«F /qq/<<Ti' 11

■Sfra"

1. <l'ii'flla<»i r««io ^ f?itz

2. rq'M<H«il<ri pHoSm ^ W STP^^FT "t?

12 V/<o?« ii‘’til[a‘ti

^ 3T^8in ^ <.i'»fiira«ti ^ ■Rs^fct ST^ ^1 37T^^!ÎTSRtfcT^ i^*m 3Tr2T 3T^ ^ "tl 3^^ y^T4^’ % ^l-iiHlfd fqî-i STR c^SF

3fiii^=t) ',i'-3iTlRt=h ftFSJrf ^ ^ ''IT^ f I TI^ fill'd ^ cT^ ^TFJpftf^ r«^m •ai’ilvjil ’TFTf '^?ft ^ ^1 tii‘<jqi'{l ^?f[ '4' ^ rim 3im^31^ yqi^l % ’Tt 3T8lflJ^ ^7iiM=h TiHi ’TSI^ sMpfl 3TTr'Wfc^ mT ^^ TI^RtfF fqîii TR-fw^rd mi îmi

iMillh^ Rt-^R: ijm Rfr^

tl’ %■

mFT WTT % % 3TR Tirnffl^m ftnsRi % 1%^; xi-qilla iîgHf, ■^-msiF(q:?l'^Til P-i'îiqH ^ymiiisff ^ 'JKF'id ti mpi mr^ % f^ mit’^ mi-^fcfVT^ si^yûmi m qifsî 3TR 3iiq?q=»)di ^'t tt

m W}^ 'Il'fjd'i WRP^ Rh<ii Fm fqqj<^ m ^ «phRi ^ RP?I '^wqn-ai*f 'STF 1m '^j^-T'k^sj qim •jrrq-m^mrn ^ ^<fi5fi I^Hi mip; mfm si^mp iilmm4i'ifd '^ mi umi Timftftrm Ri-sia % ^rrsi "sit "t, w ^ mrfm,WTrra 3^ oMRii?! % rnimi roiii i%mTfr?ftm ’JO, 'lOql, sffân, ^mWcfi,^ficilRdl 3ItR WHdJI3Tf % ■^?ff 1^ ’rI ri'qniRiqi % Iqmi^ Fft =ncrîi =hrii ^mR 'tl3irf: ijm oJnw f««sio ^ pj^jRi m %it w wra?<(* f fm in l^m n n’^ Timfifiim l^gnt,

nmiTirRm mrra mr^ îf6i<TR=fr1%iil’, uwi^',3^ ii-jiilRiqi Ri4ici ■% npf 3iT^ mmsff ml. rnr^ % sw'-^q mira mTi3;iTFn ^ Iqqq Iq'elK

yiqln nroftn R-dKm, rfh îilRra, î-qilfoî urn trr % rnm-lTRirn mi mn 3Tef?iRn’ •% tMhi ■% mp n ti mllirH (375-300 f. \) ml mn % mn 1%^3ir<i mn

% FIR nt mm mm ti ff rf^ ■'frjf mi rfir^ rti dr*idH rrf 3t^qimqR

Timl '^' fmRmi rnii 3trf1 Timmlfcim m mm m n im Fm r'mRimr pm Rul'd nrarm mt t*iirfi qVi'rn fî

mftfemr mr lim ‘ 3?«f?imi’ (Arthashastra) 3Tif«}Ri immn ft fmm rri Fm r^ "t, rfTim mt yqila FRT mRR ^ mm nmfmri ti % î^nit, r^^ Rnt ^ ‘srzf' ^ FRi ’iJn Film, im fri nm^ mt mm ‘Timmm’ ti sif: Timmim ««qP«jiT ^ Rt rntfem F iRmi tfr ‘3i«tmm’ nui TirnFfl^ m antym Immit % simrni in^ îrnmni, imw rfr, nmi F Fm'% mrlm, RmriF mF-mmiFT fri sRRtmtm Rm^jf rt umim Fim frt f i q^F: FitlFm.'^ TimFtlFmm % fnsiFt mt Rmf mr^ ■% rnmiR RmRF % mrnFiftm rsj rt siRm miF mf^F Immti

TFR mt STmtJTTRTT: Tim mt FrRfF % RR’I F^tfFFR % TRm F^ mFlTRtRFTl mt Ff fF'Rf'RRt TRm FtFT ^ 1m FF Tim % RiiSId % 'n-TlF RT TFRlfîm mtRajFT mil fT^, Fifm fri mrit mt ftf Tim ^ fcrIf ^ mt Ri^fFm Rm mt ff 3TTiFmFi mtTtiF ^ tl Tim mt FFlfF FF if mF RrTF miF % mi^ FR 3IimT tM ^ R^ mt'STRFl TIFl 1F1 FFI 3TRm FRF FH 'SFI RIF FFI TF’jf FF RFFT RIF ^ TFtmiT 1mRll '|R% FRI^ TTFI FFmt FFI mFFM FF TFTRlfF'F TIRTmi mtftmi TRFF FF R%TFT “^l

TFF % Tim : TTFifR ftTÎF- q>lK'rF ^ RlTFTrF TIFFtfFm fFRimt ?1TI yfflHiRn Tim % .FRFcm-’jjn, 'dHWJsMi, nrrniT f tfr’Jfi mi Ifftri f ^mr Tim % tff ftfi rni If^ff Imm

■f I in «‘-5t-eJ R FF Tim mt RftRTRI F^ tm-g RF^ F^ 3TI T^' TUmfF Ir^TF FF TTRÎf FITFTf I mtfrmi Timi Fft imR riffFTF RjFF Rirtr ^ 31^ % ITRIF RTTRT R'*^1^FTI, 3RI:1f^ FFl fRFI-^dmT mFf mT^ f-

3TlFTRm

-Rlftr ^ mt ^ FFl FTim RIFFF mR mt TFtmR 1mRI ^l Tim ,% TTRt

ytiofR TTFFHFm tFFTTRT 13

1; tctiHl (TTsn) ^ ^ciTH, gHaHM, yie^nl, ^4qH,<M'illh‘*> /&W;

2. 3wic?i (T^) ^ 3mi ti ■??? ^ wm ^ if^tTii, ^, ^'-H<>1ld H'llRth, TSg ^

•qRîqi-l, fqRi-i ■^' Pl^jui ft«Î .<-qiHl*I^ Ûf^l

3. ("^ ^ -anw^sî) Ti^ ■'STRI^ 3?^^ ^ TRI

yi^Rtqi ^'Miq-iT 4R'^“f, ■'T^^, iRq!', dWiql' cI^^T q-qy^?! ^ <!4-'i'kl^1 qTqioi

tlirsn tiRnRin î irsrr'^’ qjqqil, qsipHî cT^TI 37Tf*fe

■qlt^ ^«n ^ aTTw w=T ^ ikr "îfî■4' 44arTIvT isn

4. ^4 (r=ficril) TFT^t,'5it ^t4 f R>ll=hl ^n4 TFHI ^ Tyr qj^n "f | TRT ^ Rtun) ^ Ri^^l

îRy., 4t "^5. ^ "4 rn'I+ilO 411 4 HîTT^nf—3HlRqi {^^) ■^, ■'N^ (T^T^) qij4 (^Rcft) (H«^cnl4) ^ ^ ^[44 14i^ "tl

5. (TTSI^) 7MT % '5^3 ■% WT tl 34 TP? ^ 3143^ 3?^ iTRT 43Ft. 34ff3> TPT % TT3T?n 3*4 % TT43 33 3ff 34373344 4tcft ^1 ^331 cl^ xjlfty, 1^

34^ 4 4tl 3^4 33-^fe 3>lf333 4 3>^ 3313 33Tti'^l y3i<i3>ld4 3Tf3r 3^ TRT aT3f43 30% 313310 3ft 4t TIcTlF 031 fl

6. Tprs (371, 31 ■%4) TPl 34 331 331 71^ "3^ 1335P4 340 % 1^ 33131331 "031 3Tf3f331 3437331 3r3 ft 3?lfic3 0 ^ll % "S: WIT 334^ 'fI '^-3711^33 "^H, %!3 3T Riy=Ki 31 Rtmy, % ^Rt3i, '%3 Ri'ihI % ^Rtqi, f33 TPT % ^Riq>, 71^ TPT % ^Riqi 3*4 34f33rat

I ^qii'Mcn^'O ■'^73 3*4 7]0t 3ft Ot %4 "0 *13f 1313T 31 33131 '§1 ■^Riqfl 30 ^0313, 3^, ■Jl^-'^TITI 3*4 71^333 7O3I îfsHI TM 3ft % ^103ft %t ^^-■gf3*43lt 34 *313 <<smi 31I731 3ffft33. 0 ûs-ilRi % ^ -^57^ 0—341F3 375 3O UM 3>îl. lire 37^ 3ft 7^ qxn, 7f^ 37^ 34 7f3*f3

31731 3*4 7T3f’^3 37^ 30 Tf^T 31% O’’ 3H3fl

7.,71533 (f33) TP? % 343 ^1 7131 % 'PT3 ^llRfl 3 '533431 OtOl "0 Ot 7151331 3170 tl 53 743^ 'O' ■3ltf033 7153 (3437?) 3*4 3lf^ ■f03 0 O7 3173T tl 7153 '013 ^f%l f03 'O 3lf*?31 Ore 5t31 tl 1371 7131 % 103 TltOt, 34% 3*4 3437 5t0 t, '57134 i%1171 31373*31% % 3131 tl

571 3347 30f573 34 74314 10?3I3 7PI % 74333 7333 (Organic form) 34 Rîu| 3170,'^ 3% 34Tt (313t) %t ■457350 5f034 "tR yqiRi 513131 ti 3?lf3 'TF 10^13 7PT 3ft 345f331 îfl^re ■0 ■O3I 35f 13131, l34g 30^73 % 7P1 0 34^1331 7P1 % '310 3c3 137443 f I ■t, 31443 717347 34 413 3*4 731% (7131) 744531 34 33131 tt 303 34 '4573 7R533, 133471 3

3370 4T4crff O' 103■457350 5|R=hl I3413I t, I345 5^ ^ 7*43 345f331 5^ 0 57^“'%07^ % 31*3 '533170? 0 0 15131

%

13170 %f33f3 34 74431

5%3

7T3*f3 0 t 3*4 O3I 3Tre1l31 VllRd ^137*4

tlTire? '54' ^lO: yml-i 4173?3 713Fftl331 1033 34 3170 ^ '341553 0 % 71333 3ft

71317331 34 3130 1333 34 Ol*^ 3313T tl 35 cilRtieh 414% 0 7131 30 viRki % 71%3f7 3l030 % '414% O' 35 733 *t0 0 331 tl 35 3O 34 ÎT®431 '3%, 3l%l 7^131 tl %fe53 0 TP? 30' 31% ,3430 74*3 ^nO 5^ 744lf331 '0133 0 '50 713%3 7«43 1331 tl TPT '34 153 'TlOflR t lOnOl '1tl5' 30 317 35 0133131 ■% Rl^l'dl' 3O % 30 T13 '031 tl '

t.'37:541331

14 ■ >J77%3 (i-Ji-ilfaen /qq(<Rb

•% 3T3W, tpq ^ n^n lanfqtT '=t^', ^% tiqlTrq f^îT?! '^ft’KR ^ ^1 ‘flliH ^ STJÎR TP^ % îPf ^—

1. 'î4: sT^ TI^STf ?5SiI •siisftM<'i=t)iR4l ^ TP^ "^<1^ îi, ■«i-flR'n o^qîT5TT ^*^1 (Tn^RRT STTRIsfi) PuRlîl'—'pR, 3TFI, *i»i*^l4, 'Mifi'+i ’ST^Sff ^

iRn ^ T?ji w % ■gjpi t)

2. tnspT cf^^: % aRTftl ^SR ipf (^ ^ 3Tr9R •qsRf) •'R ^TRT ti ^^raPT (RF w4 ^ RPm TW^ tpf % 3f^ ^TcH, ftPg TTyTT

?Rr RF WR R 1^ Rn^ RT ^ ^ R?T RRRl 11

3. 'RTRlftr^ '4if4«i: TRTT RH ^4o*i ^R^RRItRl % #11^ «i*ilf^.^ ‘RTR Rit RSTTRRI RRRT ^1ÎHlfRRT RRRRRT RR R^f'SIR RRlc!R RRt ^'RR f, RRIT ■pTRI-^. RfR-Rrit, aRf^ 3TR^'llf^cRl RR fRRiF Riti fRRTF-lR^F R^ RF '^-■3FR % "RRIR arftJRiRl ''R R^ ^ "tl R^RRRT RTFPR-FRn R?t R^ SRRTR RHT RRt ^1 . '

4. RTRRjRRIRT % R*r*f: R>tftFR % TPR ^ RTpf-t^ 3TRPR ^TIRRi ^1 RF TPR R^ RIRR %fRRRR RR RifRcR ^^fRRiT '^R RR RiFRTRRRtt TPR Rnt ^1 RR^ RPR Rl^ 31^

RR4 Rff^ tl RTCTR R -ftTRlt % 3T^ RR IRRH. laRf ^ Iwra, W ^ Rft '^.R^JRIrR, R^RfRRira 3Ti!RI |R^ 3i<rii«(i «ii43|f^R> R'^TRR TPR % IrR^ t? RTI SPTIRf, P|4h1, ^TTRI Ri^ "HFIRRI, 'iPRt ^ ÎR?RT SrIr 'ft % RlfftcR ftl

??T RRR? RRfe^R RR ^PR ^SRRT^ 71^ ft RR-RTcRIW RRT 3?# Timn ^ FJIRRT FI8R t. V^f R ftfRRKR 'SnftR T^' ■?TTRR % -^ ft ftfTRI RTcH ti R>fftc^ RR RTFRI Rft UyHcil ft ^ TTRI Rft 'SRRRR! f I ilRT % ’ft RtlR^

3T3I wn RT. R^ ft?RIT f- "R^ ^ TTRI I Rifir^ tl FR ■RW’ft ira ^»iR t 'STFRRTI ” F*T ■RiR^ ft' RR RTRR f, ‘‘1^ TPR % Rift WRRI SlftlRRl t, 'SRRR I^^RIR STR’ft '^TRIRft IRFRcri ft ^RS ^TRI tl uchK RftfecR ft ^R> RirRpnRRft TPR ftl RRRf Rft ■affta ^ ft riÎ^taJrrr tl” , ' ■ ■ ■

RRT R^ftFR ft R ftiRcT TPR ftl STIRlftRI RRft, Rf^ RIH RRR? Rft *ftft ^ Rft tl W ft RF îftR 'fttftl, 3RRfi^R 'RTR^ RRT R RTllfti % ftlR^ft ^

iftftRR RRRT ti RjHfttfft % «Ki-eft RR 1R?ftRR Ri^ft RRft 'fft^RR 5TdRlf^ iRiRT t—fftSTRj RftfSeR ft 'STRft Ri*ia ft fqf^H TPRt FRF ^JER tPJft ftl 3lfR STRRI^ fttfft

gtifR t^<(ii aiTili RRcI ft' RKR ft auftRT Tpftt gn SftftRR RII RTIrRÎT^ TRI IIR 3IRft.RTRPR RR fRRnr Rirt ftl TF^ RI^ RR Rft ft ft RIR^tUT ftt .RRft ftl

Rtft^ ■% 3I^HR, ■55 R IRRR "SRI 3Rlft 1TRPR RR fq«in. RRft Rift RRI Rft STRR' ftlaiftai^ tftRf ft®n R^ rtIfr, <nf^ Ri^sft ri: ftpm rt nftii aft^, 'fftftR. 'RRRfVlHwi^lldl RSftff TPRt ft RRR? TFRI Rlf^l "Fft ^RRR ^<R Rift TPRI ftl ^R fftÎRR RlfRRRTlftf Tpft Rft fRHR-'fttffl ft RRft ^ 'RI ‘ ft¥d ’ RRIRI Rllt^l RftfteR RR Hsci Ift^fTR 31TRR''R RF <î(ilai t 'fe IRRI TIRTR TR^ Rft |R3I TIRft Rift TPR % Rtftft ftfl (TPR) d«H4> ftR 'RT Rl^ ■ft “RRift tl FR r«4M % ar^HR, ft> ■ftR? ft "ftRI RRI Fftl t, 'ft aRR TPft RR 'ftlft RR

t, "fft "iRfttntg” R^FT RIRI tl “iRRtftrg'’ %RTft ft -STlft RRH FIRft 'RF^ "R^R “ ftft” (RT^) cIRTRT^ ft RFTT13R TPR “rt^ RR RI^” fttR t, 3TR: RF iRftft^ RR tftR ftui tl Rftf^ ft “RIRR” R “RRRftR” TPft RR 'ft t, "ft '^Tm«4 ■# ft? ft Rttlfttl ft RFl Rft ftfti

Rftfir*! RR ■RF tftgft RRlftRlR 'R^ SITVlftcI t, "ft 'fft ft aiTrRf^lR FRRft R?t ■RRftftiRI • '/Hil'=^ ftfR R 'HRftlft HR Rlfft-RTf^ RRlft 'FT RRI ftl tl

<i-vilfa^ /RR77: ftlRR

ftS'

t,‘‘'5r5nft t, ■FtSft'RRRR 3TRRT ft RFR 11 I I

y

. A

STRf?R <(»n?/o«r) 15

^ fei^?i fq^îi % y'-ellc^ W ^

i-1. TTfij-TUl^ ^ ^ Srftrai îpKiJfiKril TTSU % ‘^TT^T ¥f^ ^ ^ d'Tial ^1

SHtTOTTSlllll ^1

2. -qi 711 % 1^ 13 ^ f=Tqf»JT!

3. -siPi'-in 13 ftTTj.'f^ 3?rsFm fRrfr,

4. 3TRR ^ ^ ■^rt^,

5- TTSni 3T8?fl 3TTc*TT?Tr ^ ^ TRT IRI 3RJ Xm ^ 7R^ ‘STHT,

6. ■^fn^ SR? % TTTST 13 -^FT^ ^1

=hlfi(r*i % 311HR, TRl HKI^ TT?*? % îRTFI ^ ^ I^4)i ^srPTT qifti<l

pan'll?! atRRirr % w ■ftngftf: % tr? ^ ^Ki-flRi %Hnîdl Tinr (TR^THT, 1?!BT). '^^), («ldy4l'l, 13) cl«n ^^STTHT) ^ ftRTI % a^l^R, ^«R •ft^3fffl '51^ TTsnarf IFTT 3TfiR .Ri.&i’dl ^ iFi^ 7?^ Tî^3Î ^ ■^TpiT îfsk,, dy+i

a^tr ^ ^

^ SfffcT ti

«stia1 ^1 fWi-g ^w't'i 7T1 =f^ =t)i<ni'<’<,

tl (13) ^ Wtn 3#?IiT WT ^ 1^ "sn^, WJffflF 1^'

li^rar ■sra^sjT: ‘nlfic^ % i'<r^ % Tran^ '^ îFtf ^ ftwin, ^ Htiî î ■ 'jfnRf, îHiO ^ "4 y<+i^ ^1 TTSTij^ 'ft l^raT iP

H'hl ^ l*^ ^■qi('< TRT rR) ’Ft^ 8^11

■pFT^ tRT 711 7RI "TC ^1^ ^ ^TFT ^^1*^ 7^3^ 3iT ^5iiq 1l3T ^l

ftUFTf PT^ ^1

•fl-lHct ^ ftsTpI 3)T 3TT3i7FT 3i7^,

U'<1’’'

1^1-q^l 3fr TTSFI SRT

‘jcîch’i: 3)lf373 3iT TR?-' I r-7n75ryiW'hfli 3ft 3TfT 3pV3> ^ 3ft y<5fTi ^ 1^3 1^311 qafn ^ 3 ^fn«hai 33 1^3 3^

133^ 37?^ TF33tl3 ^ 73317*7 Îct'tifll % 33^ ^ 133 7^ ^1 W ^ 133R '^<1414

■^3313#" 3t 3T?T

3i7dT,3r7fl33i ■^33T3Ht % f33I^ 3n Ipl 7t%W 3#? ^ f I ^ 3TT3R 37 '^ “■3T3T "^l ^ 33 ^ «n1ftc3 3ft jjciii 3T771 ^ 3331 3t3r, 33tf^ it^' ^ 7731

317^ ^ 7*33 37 7fJ3 % 3tt Slt^ 3^ ^ 3«3*i3T^ % 31^ '^\fe73 7I73 %oHqîR'n 3?3 37 3lf33r ^33 1%3T '^1 3^ftRT 33 7RT 37ll3 '33ff33>T7t '^, Pti-g 3^ ii-iPea %3f3 33I7ft3 3^ ^1 . •

3173 3357333

1.5 ■HKiVi (Summary)

• 7R3t%3) Rnîa 131 3333 f 1^ f33I3, 7I7Fftf33> 37f3, TfTRtt^ 133R.

7r33tPl3i 137^3*3, 7I33tfil31 3p^, TTSFftf^ 133173171, TFSRtf^ 3337*3 % 173531 ■OTl3 % 33f3 % F3 ■# 33t3 1^ 31 751 tl •

• 3tfTf3t % 313737—“7R3tfrl31 Ri.sm 3133l3 71M^r3> 3Tf77R3 ^ 71^3 ^137*3 % fWSIdl 33 337ft331733i 31*333 tl"

r"'16 •377P3 7T3*P/W3r-/3317^

• ^ oqq5Kqi«0 ^ifRr ^ ■^3TO 4<^<Hld TTjRtf^

^ tl• 158 ^ ^^PTicq^ aT«m ^ ^ ^rt arog arr^ % ■ftrafa

^ "sfctwi 1^1 Te •qsfir ■?1^, ^?R, ^ anf^ r<jTjK4,f smpni• |. 3T^ ^«iqv 'New Aspects of Politics' 'PTC ^ 'ST^ ftt,

^ciiVT'll ■'Tt’TI, qq'lT^ TTiRtfcI^ Rh-si'ci Vlftki^T %qiKniTH ■^' ^ 5«'t)l iil«>qi ^ 'P^llf^ ^ ^l”

iM-ilfh'*’ fame I???’

"iiq-llrn fqflM ^ 'TO PTf arr Tpn t

3T«fRT (Exercise Questions)

1. Tl^RticW ■ftns^fl ariT ^71 ^72. ■'Jt^RFRI fl'jTilRi't) Ri«iq ^ [q^KniiJ't'?3. <l'fll'lRiqi fe^icl ^ ^ t|5tq t?4. 4i1ri<r^ ^ TJ3?7 % -^f argtJTTqi ^ ^|

5. «i>)ft:<r^ % Hu«ci r<H>&m oqi«sqi ^1

I

Vi<fl7'V /qq/<«n 17

IIUnit-II

aftr ^41 [ci^chi'i'^(Dayanand Saraswati and Swami Vivekanand)

£\

TRtl^ (StriictUr^)' *v*T.'-V-A*

2.1 ywRil (Introduction)

2.2 '3^9^ (Objectives)

2.3(Swami Dayanand Saraswati and his Thoughts)

2.4 T^IFTt 4l‘i<i^(Contribution of Swami Dayanand Saraswati in Rising of Nationalism)

2.5 «qi41 ^(Contribution of Swami Vivekanand in Rising of Nationalism)

2.6 ■HKKi (Summary)

• 3?ccfra (Exercise Questions)

3^!% fq'^K

2.1. y«tje«*ti (Introduction)

33t) w allT W3T ^ w? ainf wsr ^ 3M "wsi ^ wrt

•# ! 875 ^ ■4' 3itl 3TP(ftrR % 3^ «n,4qr41qi5-ll "^1 VT^T ^ ^TtfR 3jT VT 3^ % 31^ 37f?tcT^' *111.^

fdidrdT (continuity) 3ftt yniq 33 ¥ 33 3irVl<nH 7W3 ■^' 3^tT 3ff Wji<l

ciWPyq *iT(

<3H'a 33 1824. '4 IpPTST 33f3313I^ % *il<ql Tl^g 31333 'HpqK '4' "gSIT *31

33^ fM «) ak -3330 3T^ 3*3 3TTf3 3f) ^*3 3f *(tl33 33R^ H 3?3 3*3 ^ft33 •3^|T ^ tJ3 l333f 3T f333 3n^ 33)1 4(^53.

^■^21 3d3ff33^'^''*n-^3FT 133?^ ^ 331^ W 33? 337 t?! % 371^-37)^ 3337^ Ttl 18603gn 3337) 3(») Wf) 1333133 ^ ^ fl 3?)T ^ 33^ 33l1^ 3)377: "STT^ 1^ 33 3^1 186833133 ^ 3T3^ 33713?) 3=313 33 311*3lfr33r 73)3 33 3)33 33131 377! 1^ 3l)7 3f373 *3? ^^31737

73;3 3313 ■^31737 33 3111

18 *?77f5?3-7733W33r

3k2,2. (Objectives)

^ srKrni % siGHTT % •j’Rra iW:

• <^<4i'i-<^ ■gRt 1^ ■'T^ fq^-i Wnf^R’ î'îIRi'h ^

• <îh1 ■fc|<^+,M'^ % fq-qiO oq|<sm ^1

2.3. ^qinl sftT "3^% f<<^K

(Swami Dayanand Saraswati and his Thoughts)

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1. Bisheshwar Prasad, (ed.) Ideas in History (Asia Publishing House, Bombay etc., 1968).2. lbid,pp. 156-57.

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t«llHi ■fet^^FT^ [vietil'Il ( ) % fqV«< WThI ■01^ *fr^■4' 5M «^Hl4<Sfl 1^1 ^ 1893 ■^' r?l^Ff! % y^dH ^ W % UldPHi^ %

"^f^l yillHl ^ "97 ^ ÎTMI ^ aftr 'SR WHimi % ■=51^ IT^ «4Wl4^ 3% ’31?^' ^ly ^ ^ 71^1 ^ "^sFr *?i f^ ■prrpiR,

3^k 31^ ^1 tjjf t’ '^tTîrcH'tiai ’R <Jii«<iRa ^ 3^^T ti»<)ai •t "TIF THlrd+elK ft ft *TRcT ^ M ^ OTKTlf^ SFJSTT t sflT T^rni fiJI+Ml'^ •lqîq-4jTf-t<w^Qn (Parliament of Religions) <s*?l'^ 1V sirPt*?! ^

3T12I7R -Ml t, "^5^ ■2rR--qt5 aiKpHyl m toiî m wrl fT^=T^ W? "^Ft ^ Tprsf^ fl? fiT ■ÎTT^ ^ ^wcri! ^ îTrl ^? t^FT)^ ■3Fft*ici tmfî4 3T?2Rf TJ^nf^ f^l,■ft^^ Wr<(yi, ■3ft T33r 3m<l=*iH ftfftt «ft. f^Mi ^

TFTf sftT w ^ aiT3ft^ irm ■gfti Ricbiy) ^-^-yu)tn ^ 1^51^5ft ^ ft w an. “??r Tift-vft-yiftdH ^ ^ fan % ^

awft^FT -ftv #ftf gft -^F -TO ftnara ^ -ft arft ftt t -31) fart vft ^ srftsn •3if%jgr •?gtr5r ^ ^ -ft atftra- viPcfyiîidl arnafta? ^ ^ -ft sTfy^r ■JFR ^ «*HiH'^7 ft^l "ft ■'jjft ^7^ aftt 4)•>^4 ^ ^ ‘<rr^r4a ft) ^1” ^ ^-^Ff-y*^d'nfti ■ft' 41 -<iHi4i ft l^TM t, îraftF " wiftt fftft^Trn^ ■^raft ■rfr ohIVi t'l 31% ’wn

ftr -q?; arf Tjg Fftn ■! ■!% ■3=! tFftrft Iftgpr % ft' twt. ''iKft ft^ ■fftîftt ■sr^ ijr^nrftl" ?a% trftirf ft'Tift aft^ 'SIF! aiftf^ft^T Iftnil 4 '^fdTt, 1902 ^■arf^ ftF ^ rnFT-pFni

aft? ww? M'îi'<{ .

ftfe

’Tppft fftfti^dl ft i. "T^ rcl44)'H-<< *rRn 3FT ■'IR ftl ■# iTIf^ ■% 3FR Wft sftr Mit4l4 (jq'nl ^ ■^ «»><'ii RioiHil" wihI fq4=*7H<\ ft tTOT '=in 331^ fftRl, ‘‘■’ift

RtcRRft fta Rt t, ’RcRTtft ■ft^ ■gpi f, *iRft ■% •ftsr-ftfftftf ■fttt?=i< 'IRtT ^ ■?RT3rti *nt ftl^ ^ w ■^ ■f^ ftrr ■aftNg ^ t, w % ft ■ftrr ti ’’

^^.■ftft -Jiî-il ^ y<ri«*i<l,■ftn nlftsi wf aft?■ft^ ^(ziA ^ shRilftt q-qn-i w

tctinl Trofttft ^ ^ Rift Wf4l TWftlft ft *ft *IRcT % Rf^fifrrar»it'K''i ■ft <HHii 3?f^ ql'i-îi IftRTi a-ifti RMfcniiai qiTiql ft Rtfttftf ^ '>iq4«i Trftni Ifteit:

“■ft' ■?Tft? TTRn ■!I ■aro wftn ■mft ti ârft anafta ■fta ■ft? 3ft? R!md4 ■ft?! 'Ift? ti. .. aft? HpfqH ftft ^ftf aff f ■f^n^ %Hrar? ft' anrft «<?! ^âft' irft tnqmi 'fi ft ‘jRIhii aKn ■f.." ■3=!% ^ ?ft ?rE4t ftTTftsn aft aft? -^rsft. tprap fti ■^ r? araft aRnft ■4'?!^ ^FT an, “aRF ft mn: arftqi ■^n?. nft, Hgiel ■'!?*?? R ■F^ ^ ^rfFR! Tjj^ q-iiqi< awîl xRiqji ^ "3!!?^ ti Rn arift ^ ?fft -ffI' anar fft? wn 'aigajfft '441 ^ ■snft'... ift '^, ^^ ^-Fi?raftf aft? ■ft??R ^ 3!ift Fn ^ Ift^faft ■>jsfti ”

2.6 'HKIVI (Summary)

• an4 FRR gft ?s?rcRr 1875 ft ft *fti• anft WHM ♦iiHirit'ti ân? ^ >iq=Kti ani 3?t4 FRlfftftf ft ftarftf ^ ân?ft T^' '3nft

i^wr ^ iJtn? ^ ^FFfft WT fnnni 'F^Flft ■3nfn'-^5an nan lan^ -anT ■fftfiw fft^r aft? tntnfFRT TR ^ arnm an^ft Fmi«Hiiqi

16 »(l<rf?q il-Jl'-Ofa^

• «niIoHiqisi % *^^q1. TF^T % sfcPltf ?^RI itH<»i "'R

. 12 -T^, 1824 (W^ 1881) ^ lani

•. 1883'^ 31^ •^‘ ^ -nti

• ♦««i41 <iH'5i»'i ^ wf^W 15 ■»i'i«i. 1886 ^ ^3ni

• H<He« ^ TJc^ % 3^1% <<l'‘<a*i wihI 1896 ^ XrR®P®T

fiRPT ^ WHl ^1

3^ w/ifl

3T«nH UFT (Exercise Questions)1. ^ ■ST^'l

2. Wft3. ■Rnft r=i<^'riii-< ^ ’41^4-^!^ ■'TT H'tiKi "ST^I

4. ■Rnft rq^«nn-<\ % ‘<l'i<l4l ^

3^WR®IT ^Iv?rrs

^■|

®MI<9HI

<(»»'»l/o«r) /ett*««n 27

IIIUntin-III

sfiT(Aurobindo Ghosh and Gokhale)

' vWî. (Structure) , . / ‘

3.1 Mtfliqn (Introduction)3.2 aijfq (Objectives)3.3 (Important Works)3.4 % TTjRtfrT^ IqqK^ 3Tivqif^ct) ^TVR (Spiritual Foundation of

Aurobindo’s Political Ideas)3.5 % (l'ii^rd+ r^-ilK (Aurobindo’s Political Ideas)3.6 3nwi#l^ ^ (Theory of Spiritual Nationalism)3.7 ^ 3TK?f (Ideal of Human Unity)3.8 3TTf^ ̂ (An Evaluation of Aurobindo)3.9 'llmd (Gopal Krishna Gokhale)

3.10 «<^KqiRqT ^ ^nalq TT^ntfii •a-I'M qVii^n (Achievements of theModerates and their Contribution to Indian Politics)

3.11 «KRi (Summary)• (Exercise Questions)

\\

3.1. MWiciu (Introduction) \ \\

^ *ll qlyql ^ ylfl’ii sflT 3TTKnf?R^ jtHgra *IKrfhT (IfêlK ^ ■HKdlAI W^Pd 'SFt H^Hdl ■JTFTR 1%^ afll sFlfrl^nff

Pti^ll dddil cq-iii^ Wcl 3^1t d'dqqii •siirni

tl^1 tIcit %

\w f 3^ ■sriRr ■% feri anwiipr^^. f

STT^lIwsh qil«H % ^ êîchi Heiqiioq\

w

rc<dl<di1' ^ trarc ^ tl Tf^ ^ tffR t ^ f ^ t % ^ 3('iiCd!Wir<dl*ftl tl wqq "t o-qilloqi Pq'fl'i % ftiRiq "t 'tl anviP®^ siRici ,^,

tOCI'flq*

^ wa-q 3iiqiMi

28. yi<al‘<

Ajk '11^^TTSp

TTFwpf wrfei ti;’ T^ w=3m7, ci^ 3T{f^ tfrr? srr^ 3tft^[ iTfr^ srrwnf^^ % 3ni^ ^1 3Tra *?t «'i‘i>i W! 'hko1*i 31Ii2nr*T % «‘*in I^PTI ^1

‘15O »ii<H-ii "3^ zff. 3T=^ STTfiH ^ î} jIR "3^ *T1,y<Wdl, ■nT»-ft ^ 87ri i^Rny. ^ <!'«ilw=t> f^^=I % 5ffl5i<i ^ Hsrq'j^'jl

q-iHi^ qlwq

■?T(fT f I /

3.2. ■3^9^ (Objectives)

■pi iaHjrq % 35WRR % 3WTf ■^- #f:

• 3!<fd'< <n^ 'G^|R(=F [qqid ^ °R^

• ‘ilnicn ^ <i'n*)lfa=ft STîlR'^TT ^

317l«P3

TF3^ % "5^ 'OT«f=F ^ % ‘iHh^ 'M4<»ial 3n.[q'<; ^ 'îW 15 SPT?^,1872 ?• ^ t+id'^dl ^ 'SSni <3T4i ftrlT ■q^ ^ 3lk 33 31! Hi?^!!^

^ W^1cl 3iT 33T3 KITI 5t(f<n«. o-^'lA 3^TRr3 313 3^ 3roft3 3^331 ^% llTt^ 3lf^fleFT % cdlTd! 3)T-=i'd V^“(rl 1î ^ 3^ 313 1^ ?3% 3PT ^ 31^ «fea I5lt3

3^ 3T 1879 13 1893 cf3T T^l ^^133T^ 33 ^ 3JF3 %3T 3tk •^, Tfl3?,3pf3 331 i.^fdH 3I3T ^ ffrs eft, «.')i3t'i 3ft 3 Rifqei 3ft 3313 3R3t3 â-ani %31Ff 3rTft 33 33 33T3ii.3f3 3 3Tfft ^ rft 3TTrit3 WTft^ W "ft 31 TR^ft *), ?ff^'3^ 333313? 3ft ^3? 3ft 3T3ft 'Jilqi 33 ef^ RHRll 13 3713333 eHeil-ITeR 3) Hi^qirn 33% 3)37 3173)3 TTT^ftft % 373 337ft "71 31)7 37Tft

3T«?Ir33T3 % 31T3 J-Iftl tTT^ fljl1893 ft 5‘<n^s ft 31I33 cft33>7 3^1? ft^Tfra % 73lft)7?3 ft tjciiqjia 3ftl iliti

3 ■333ft qV'^ni ft 331)33 ^377 Silft) ■(73T33 ft '31377) 3ft ft7I37?r 3ftI 3?7f%1 .'^ ft '371^31 '^ftlTR 377 efti l^fft 1ft?I33 ft' '7S?T3t 3^3)373 13313, 751*3 331 71373 ^31*1 ft ^ 137311 ^ 7733 337 ft TM ft? fftft) 3) Tfti 311 ft 'S'^'lft 7131 %) ft377) '3)1 I) 3f)7 q-si'î 3>Tft3 ft' "ftr^ 3131 %3f)ft7777 33 313; 3^17 3l) 37 37^33 3131 ftl VlftiTR 331 3iTft3 % 3117713fft3el 3) 7ft I 171 <^7I1 d’^Vl

717^)3 ft 1)31 711, '^f%3 331317 377^^ ^ 71^311 % 373^ 3 3173)3

313)3 3173)3 7Tl1lr3, 3ft 3%! iftft 371 3171 37W133 fft7*3 3^7 713^^1 373177 331 fftft^l3*1' % 7711173 ■371 33 37 ■*1171 3313 3111 ITlft '33% ft 'IITWI ■%) 7717) ^ 15 Tift 3fi73173)331 % 73 ft ■'jft 371 'll Till, 171 ftfTH ■3*l)ft 'l^^ HITWt’.lfftlTl % ^71 felft 3717 3ftrg ‘ 37)7 3T)el’ (New Lamps for Old) 73337 ft 337l1^ ft ■srftlft 3173^71%)3 '371^71 '3I) ■3317313) 3)1331 'll) 371^1)331 '3>) 37)7 '33 3^313 '371 773%! 13731, ftl373 ^33% e)<al 37 3713f3 '3311 'Srift '33), 1% 1*ft' 'ftft ft73 aiH') ft ^731 'yiftH. ■% '3*1313 3ft 3S13I ftft 'îft ITT) ftlTR 1905 ft 33177 ^ ^31313 I) T131 ^ ■3*l)ft 3l)31 '*ft31 '3ft '331 '371 7313 377 ^31 331 73^)3

33371 313713531

37F3)cl3 ft «[»'H 313 ■ftft el3 '37*1377l33( "ft q'liet % ftftFSR 'ift 3531 '*J3 '^3 ISRl 37)7 '5% 331?! ft ‘ iq'ifoo 71^)3

31ll3^’l' % 313lft '371 31 3311111 ITD 7733 3173)3 71^3 37fft3 ft' en^-'31H-'3M '371 3ft73-3^ 3311 37)7 W7M 74*-=!'% 37313 ift 37lft3 'ft 17) 13*l) 'ft ft)l 133 '5317313) ftfll .tftfftH ^ 3^7 '5*173

3ft 37fft3 ft 3117 Pl%lei3 '3ft '313R1 '33111 1907 % '^73 %--37lft3 37l3ftll3 ft '53173)133) 3

3nla-< ‘iligri ■R ^'iSi ■?! atlT T =Mj|<H ijte ^1 TTT^TR TU ^ % %ti

TIWF T5^^l faPH-i'ci'S, ’TTeT 3^tT ciMi dl'flHd TFT ^ ■%

Ri=f)i< 3TR raei'=ti ^îr-i'tinrii "H^l SRf^^ ^ 37%FTT W4j« f^7?TTI

TfT^ cTT? ^ qR-9. 3>HI< ^TFT '557 ^ 'ftTFnyt?! % STRT’I 'PTRFIR ^ Irrai

■JFn 3m ^ wr sr^r rfi r ^ •nfaMmrf % ttr 3mft^ w 1^ mmRTR 3m; rft mimt ITT? RFI ^ *ff, m#

Fft Rt I 3m 371^ RiFTE m f^Hpn % fm Miî Rra yl-sA m ■pr^ sm 4' ,1910 'hiTs-4'P m ■^ft 3(i)-j|l TTRm % "SRIR ■gmi STTI

mT% '^"'iq-i mi mn 37mFi '^3711 3"^ H mfn 3^ 3TWTirtmK ^ mm mrmimr tmm 3m ■g TTiFfrfii r^ m-mR ft 3m t^h ■mrfffirm '■m-oTm^ ’P mm m? Immi 3m mmn % mfm rnmn Fimm ^ mFii mn, 3-t'i^ hiTs’Ô m 7m> 3iT5m mP wtri mt 37k rft m 3TTmTfmm7 fiPfct % ^ mroT mri mirimciT % prij mnm mrT^ iti mg’ sTimm % mRTPmrr37R 37TVHipH=b Ffm TTsk micfi % 3iiq>q'j| ^ "R mTTi ^HqTl rH «P 37iwTfmmicn % mrimr m ^Kaq'P k Ht-iqcii mn mm ?t FmmT ^ sfp mim mfi ■mrimcn mn fi^•.mkr srt ^ inm f^mr mr iTmmr ti ^7 k sritmifkR m mkr % stirr m Rim mfrRFF mRF % fFik irmi RfF7 m ■jmff mum frnmr, ^mlmmFT 5 fmrmT, 1950 mk tR yqu'^-s Iqr.i'i, HSH mi?tPm> F*7T 3nmTTF7mT ttIff m mki % "jmTTt mm Ptrf Ff Rmr, ^tmm mrmft % sr «fi rnmn Pq-q-i Rimkr pTRm % fsrfmsT m fr mft kfRi ^sI'^hm tft ft

RtF

RmmaT

3.3. iTfT^Tjpt T^RT^ (Ipiportant Works)

377PR F HipJsqO R Fmm sfk RFit FTT -Jilq-i sq^la iRmT 3m RBT m Rm’ 3773777 ■y'lcr1+7 37mTm R TRy gfl ■^l fRl FRIF m F^TF 37Fmr HSU TT-RI mf T^FT mtl FFmk yy<3 TmFTR pTRfFlPmT't^—

(0 ffm FfmF (The life of Divine)(u) Fkn TmR (The Essays on Goeta)

■ (i.ii) RtF 'mrmm (The Synthesis ofYoga)(iu) RIFF RsF (The Human Cycle)(u) RlFR Rmmi % 377^ (The Ideal of Human Unity)

ivi) Rkr % 377RR (The Basis ofYoga)(vii) Fi'l'nlq FR^tIf % 377’-m (A Foundation of Indian Culture)

i,uiii) RTfRFl (Savitri)(lx) fkm Rmr RFFtI (The Riddle of the World)(x) FTRfm RFfifF mfl T«F (A Defence ofindian Culture)

^ FRFTSTT R ‘Savitri’ FTim TR7 fl FFST I7m ‘The Life Divine’ k y=M^(i % F7RR FIRR % [qsi-il F77 miF' 37FFt 37k 377^m^ fFTRl *771 siqii îfqql 7R«7 7^ yqclq> f I■fRT Timm s-^Ti Rm7T77 Rfkmn r '^-RTFr7 ‘New Lamps for Old’, ’k FTiRnff^ rf ‘RRfRfRf' 3TR ‘ RR' FRT ‘m^-Rimk^’ Rfk^7 mn mRTFF STtIR k' Rt 37RFT q^^jol RfcTRI % "3^ ff7377T| ■pTfeTk FFRfl RTkrfcRRT STRfTl Rl) ftamm RTFT ^RTFT I f¥ k RiRT RkR, R^TRRR, RTFRF7 % M F«7I Tmmtkm RTRfFRt Rt FFRt) IRTFIk RRR nTTfF % fkk RFTF aTIVRTffFRT k Rp %1

.70 yi'r'fv f^w(^

3.4. 3TTf^^ % ii'fliifnch f^wff ^ 3ITSzjTfriT^ 3TrsiTT (Spiritual Foundation of Aurobindo’s Political Ideas)

■qh TTgr «fTîrrM=h ^ ^ ^ ^1’Tra ^ *<(1-^01 % feri ’TFKR 1^ sftr ^ 31WtfcH'<K ^ ^ ’7R(T

^ 'Vqa-^Hcii ^ ■J^TW Tî S^HPcik, ^)FT ■^jfRlT 1% {MHifd "TlTff ^ TFJpftf^

rfl ■=! ^m-iIRiî ■^fti Pm-tH ^ snyR "B^ctii

P'^’îii ^ 3TFt^lfc4«h 3TT'JR PiMl^fiafl ■^Ri) ^ WfT ^ IPkTT f■

Pi«qm ^1 TTsrfTf^

1. ^ f^vi<y eFT 3^l«vf/fWah 3fl^J {Metaphysical or Spiritual base

of his views about Nationalism)—^sp 'Hi'l'|p!rj4> ^ H el+tSRI '5?F1 t 'RUj.c<|<, TTRT %i4 t, ^ gft ^ tl ^HIMICHI wTkRT

^ TTf^ % 3TTtm'm i\ iflpeid WT tl 1V?ft ^ ^ ti ■RF SfTH f if^niT "TF^^ ^ R^RTT ^ "IJTRI =Fi) ^1 W i^w4

«I§,C1 •y-lfenrl % <,l'flilRl'»), 'RRTTf^rST 3Rfsfe Iq-qK^ ^?pf fqpH-l % siiq-jjs, ^Tf mIP^'+i ^ '4' TTRi "t' ^ TI^PRn ^ 31K?i ’RTR Iqvd % 3RftsTcf HMejl^

^-RffR sfn pff •4'OTWrfer f I yqiK

♦HHi-iai '?Wtl'’ !ii<tii< d'l'M îPfqqi st4 ^Paqi 3TK?f^R RT<l'^qi'^ STTWrrffR^ ilTVR RT Rlftrl tl

2. VTTffhr fk^nft ^ 9iiun (Spiritual basis of his

Ideas of Indian Independence)—^ 'RPHT sr 1% wd-^dl ^ 3Tsi (NHlfd'h «PRfi î'57KI RHT t) RFT' t, ■3Tf4g Rs^-y^Îcf. ^ +i=hcti, 5<hRiij, «qa-qni TRRI «hîi *1^ tl f^ ift?n. ^ '^’TpRf^ % aRTT^ RTT Xfirf '571 3T^HPT ^RRT "^Tf^l

3. H(ie( ^ jrt^■^TT HMii SR ^ 3RT^ -fllq-i t 3iiJ'iiqi'i

37VqiC-Hqi«i tTSR ^*|fflq)qic, ofn RT^ f^|

4. HciqJ (oa’âi ^ JTfk 3fi6<v//«ef> <j/^«f>)u/ (Spiritual approach towards Human

Freedom)—t '^qq-qqi % 'T^-aTRtft^ ^ wq-qqi qiqqx, 3TRlft^ tqî-qii ^ <qa-q ■^Î3*HH 3TRt ■^pRT ^ ^ RFF tl 'HITlR=h wa-qil % aT’RR 4^ «IT1I

'Sq'f*! 3Tf49ra WHiPqqi, SRpsf^ RSR TTSrftfR^ tqn-qai sri ^ ^ «qa-qai3Tf t '^srIrr

■^RRT qi^d y 3RT î-qP^qi ♦ô-qcii '5i) '?RRI V^rq *^1 <S-6l^ t—"'^RFI "^TII «q?i-qfli 'iiKiq^ ^jFra ^ yqlq< t 'SFRtt^ <â-qai STVqirnqi'; ^ tl”

6. VPi^hl tieftai ^ 3TR^ W Î7£57^^49^ STTS/JT (Spiritual Basis of the Ideal of Human C/niivJ—Wfq^ ^TtR t qnq’q i<qicii ^ STK^t SRRt yRl4 ‘The Ideal of Human Unity’ t yt^ci fWiq'i tl ‘JRti 3t^tRt tPjyf qiiqlq R^RuR y'^Ri Rt ql-qqi RiT qcqi tl •aqqii HH11 SR i^ ^ •^TR t 3ftt qipql^ RSR 3RR?RqrRT ft % trft

tvpTR RRcft t ftr fR R7t stiqî: qRqK afit RTR ^ t W'lPofi ^Rt nqojt ft «ITH tl fftfra % 3RSfR Rt 3l<Pq-A t RTfl t 1% RR ■o§iiq <sti<1ti< ^tt 5«hi|qT ^ P-infui RRR RR fTRT tl oRftR RftRR ^ Rra, Rlt ^ TIRR att TPtt t tiiyi'î f ^RlfecI ftt Tf tl Hiqqlq RRRR RR' 3RR^ ^3TRt RPt t 3RR qitril fRR^tf 4R 3RVSRfiRRRR % ITRTSRR

lPrM4idl Rft fflSR t^T tt tl RRVtR RRR 3RR Wd-d RR3RW

H<tti<ir*i<*i ?RF (Positive Attitude towards Human Lj/c)-3Rft^ ■RRRT "^nlf^l Rf TWR RR tlRt Rff tl ■^'

SRRR Ridi tl ®qlqq Rlt ttclt RR RSR "gTa % 3RRRR TrttSR RRRt ■RltfRI fR RTf

^qa-qqi "t

fcRT

tlqRol

*y/<o?q </'j;-fl/n=h /RRTpr ,lj

TH y=M< 3Rf^ ^ nlRi^qis it ^ ^ VR3 aifR -TOR

d'l'til an^iR^ ?yf^ % rsaV-i [qi^q ^ 'T^lf-SRl ■^' TI^ ^ 1^ '»i4'i

f^viRI ^ (^4iH RRIi ^yidij. ^ifT <Hqidl t’ fti STtPt^ an^zfllTR^ RW P fq!;qi« s^TI 1?^ % Rra R ■511^ WT % f?r MTcft RT ■3cR 3TT^ ^ ^1 XfRRT s^l f^

yrnqi ^rrf-'^Trj •^' Piqm q)Wi

wi WT ■snm tl

% ■RTS? STtqifMqi'i ^ WH-qq f^RTTl Rffe^ 31Tt'JifrH«h ^ ’^tfcRT ■qHRrSTf % TTPr ^RTT T^l 7=?^ ^ 1^ "fe

icITT) Hiiqai ^ 3ir^ ■gTO qi<ii

3.5. 31T(^^ % <i'Jt^lrte»j [^•eiK (Aurobindo’s Political Ideas)

3H<fq^ ^frs y-crl i.l'^qi'O I ^sqqil ^-c^SI *ft *JRfl 3Tp?7ft¥ ^qcl-^'c^l IhcI'iI qifey.!

^ 3if%RfRFT ftji «ni ■3^ Phn,3R% %ff Ptflpn 3ft 3ft ^ 3IT3 3ft wa-q 3RI^ P 3IFH. ’31333 133I ?13iat

*Ttl ^wPeiy, 333ft ii'^qi'd f33RVRI STtqirHqi^ RT 3TI3lft3 3tl 3^T^ yiTs'^Cl P 33913 3ft ^*3331 3R^ % 3T^ 3R^ 33T3fl33i 3{t33 ^ #3T3 ^3R, 3^ 3T 3R3I3T3T3 3 3ft 3lt^ % ITO *3T3 ^ •3331^ % ¥313 ^3ft T^l ^3t 3333 ^ 33% ■33T3tl33i t33TTt P 31%3Tr33T3 33 "JS PM 331 S^T Miqu'^l oqf^ % 13T3 33% <l4lird4i 3it 33^33 qildi ^ 3311 31*3Tr33K 3ft 3% "^333 ^t^ % 3333 333ft

33fcT33ft 3^313 3ft ’3331 ?33t 3TfU3) 33H 3f f% 3331T ?T '^Ff 3Tt3Tr33r3 3T 333lft3 ^ 33TI 3%f3 3ft % 3)^ 31 fen<31.33^ fP 31’--qir‘<qi'\ % 37f3 3lf331 FtP ^1 3Rf%3 %¥ 33 3ft33 3^p3i ¥Fr% ■p Ft3R ^pTTI ^ f%ET% 3T13R 3^ 33% Tr33tPl31 t33Rt 3ft ^T3flT 311 '33131 ^ I 33% 3ft33 %

pF3fvlp33 ^—

(t) 3^ 3t?l 3ft P31 P T33T (1893-1905 331)

(ii) 3K3t3 Tl^t3 3ii-ql<n P 3331% % F¥ P ^Tf%3 1F3T (1906—1910 331)

33% f%33 351 tp3 31PT31 oqpKiqT % "3^ qqW

33pr3% P ?1R ¥r3

3t3 ¥F13

\. iiii) ¥lP%PP P 3F2TTr3313 33 ¥131 31731 (1911 — 1950 3^)

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(i) BifilH ^ ^ (The aims of the Congress are defective)—^FT-1H. i% Fit^ % FTTT T^RP^ FM TF^ 'FFtni ^1 FFF WT^ 3mi WT FFfF T^ tl W 3TF^ TFPPn % FTF FPm %3RilFrH'+ ■^’JR T? ^ TT'P^ T^ ^1 3i<R'F ^ F?FT "t ■% ^ F7irafF=R

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(Hi) 577T WtJITOT jfffff ^ (Congress Ignored the Common Men)-FfFFR FIFFI FI ■% TRFRF cW Fit FTFI Fltf «nF F^ tl FF TTFt VFf F -fllRl'^t % cttnt Fit TRF ^FR F^ FcT T^t "tl IFFR FTFTI TltfFF ?tF % =M<.''I TFFRF F^ % 1%Ft Fit ^ F^^R ^l TTI^RF FFFT Ft F^ F^ FIFIF itcft |««nl "^TF

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34 'JTUfhJ V'^-ilR^ fk-^i<'=h

whr sfk ‘ii<3d2. tU’TtH STTFlf'^RT (Criticism of British Government)—H ^ n<e f^fZ^T 1TT=rR Siicil^Ti "^1 TRT^ y'îî' % Hinn=f> •^ciiqTl «ff‘New Lamps for Old’ % fqftsii W't>K 1^yi TTf^ ^ WT?r'

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3. ^>jj?afa ^ SHRtzRT (Criticism ofCapitaUsm)—^<\^’'\ '^51515 % 3TTRfR5> sti R^t^ Riil'Jll % RTRRRRT^ RTtR’R Rft TêI5R P-Iî 5ft ^1 RR^ qi^Ti % 1% RReftR ThThîI RTF ■flf^ .'i^tlnfa RR^ 'tl ?eiRli}, ’TRcffR ?ltR5n 5ft ftRfti Iq'i-s 'll ’TRR 5ft ^5t 5ft ^'d^s 'RTRI RT TFT ■f I RifitR 3f^RIT 5ft FR Rtfel f5R5 51 TRTR R^ 'tl FRt^Ht R^tR STT^mso ''JRtRTR

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5ft ’ft R^ R^' R1RT5I tl R555 aftr^ T^RT«T5T5 RRTRTTT. R5cF5cTT

4. JJtjfjRR /c>wf< (Views on Socialism}—si<U-<k RTR^ RfTO ^RTRi ‘Warand Self-determination’ R 1857 RT^ 51^ R Rneai ■^—“^15 ^ y^^-a 55RT 5ft 5RT^ R5> Tit ■'pft sftr 5R R RRm "J^R R^ aftt RfTTRT^ RIRÎ ’’JltR RRTRRIR 357 ’JRtRIR 75t ^ RRT-^Rf RTRT 7^ 't’l 77RT3T5T^ f55T7WTR RTtRifiTR Rt 7^ ^1 RF fRRTTRTR RfTRR 55 TTITR

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S. *<4<i'n fh^n (Views Regarding Swaraj)—55 5iFRl Rl t^ 55TO ’jytvaa-qoi 5ft 5515 af^Rt 5ft -qiaPyaoi if ^ f575IR 7T35T7 <-aa-qfli 5ft RTR 5ft TIR^RT FI 5F 3TRRT '^5=551 55 RTSR ’Jd ■âD ^1 5F ’R75 % IcIR; 3TfR7I35 (Dominions State) ^ RTR 5v75T %l rIr FR55 5T7^ *1775 % tcR^ ’jf 75TF55T 5ft RTR 5ft, R^FtR '5FT ftifZFT RlfeTRI ’R75

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RTR^R 775^/557 35

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5«ifay. ^<i'»<t ^ ‘Sns’HlH'bai ^ oznÎT îrt (d^lt-‘‘ ^ ■?ITRT 15[^ il ^^TcTT tl ■?!; ^ ^ 1■SRtgr T?^<;<s<?'H rIsiT 3TT^?if % 3T3?TR 3T^rft WT®^ ^KI Sl’T^ -fll'în ^ ^ srfygni tt I aT’Tit t^JcIT % 3TmR

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TTTftri eTW ttn Tlf^lfoii'^ UTftr ^ «»«•» {Method for the attainment of Swaraj)—''^ Tt ■'JT <<id^ci(

WT T)Tt % ftlT^ “Fftr % •s<î<qisl «tii4siiH t ITTTRT Ttt TTi "STTn <neil TT 1ti TT TTOrNf TTIsnn ^rftTR tt TFf t rif ■ntmlrn Tt Trf tt ti itttjt infri %friiT friTfHfetf TIT •fmtr %Tr-

(i) TT9ITT Iqfile (Armed Rebellion)

(ii)f^l1^5^ (Passive Resistance)3ITft^ tW ar’lt '-iil^H 1TJTT ^*<1 stiiPfl=t>K*l ♦I'icsi tr ÎTFI TT TT tl ■3^t^ ^sVl

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tftt t -wci'i 'jfWshlui TIT TftTT tt ^ frfÎT ufcltT Tt wrqiu? it TTTTTI 6. /tcJTT {Views Regarding State)—TT hiiii t ftl TPT XRI.TTf=TT

FTlt tl 11) rttl tl fFFl TT TR85T ci'ini t, ’^^TftliT Tl RT»T TFI tl TF TTRI %TT T^ TTTTT tl FT TTTT tl FIT aTRTTT^TTt tl Iqîd Tt ‘TT^jIfT 1fT’ % TTF T! TgltSTTf TTttr ftn TRT tl titt tttf ■^ntf ctt tt fI ttft t ftran îttt=t Iftt t tI? TtnK tfI tiF^Flt TFR tl TTTTT Tl 3Tr?ftTTT Tit ^ TFT t It TFR t1 lillqn TltT % TTR TFT TTTTTT TTTT qqlTqi TPT TT FTTT TTitlÎfT tl FTTT TFTT t—**TITT. TT '^RtT t SltflJTTT FTlt

It Tfr sit ■pTfelT yici<ltT t1 3'q(rt^ tl f^, fr^ fFTTT'fl H<q>K

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36 <f'Jf'f?/riq> /^TTT

T=rfci f, ^ ^ Tf ^ ^g#i3;r' sifi 1^ ' ■3f^ ^^ TF=T % ■3n'R sftT oqqWl qilek,! ^ ^qipej^v ^Tgr^ "Hc^, •wirHi 3?RFTt 1^ ^ -grtfui -sziftg =F^ Tjs^gr vMfwref,!!^ ■^T=n ■^rflTj; tnf%^ ^ srt ^^tF3Tf ii STTFt artmirrM^ ■^,^1 W^ ■STi^ 37TcRT 4t pm % TT^ f=IkiHH ^Bqi^ 'SFFf -fllq-j ^ cT?^ mT tif>ni p ITS?

itz11^ oqP'roq'l STfv^FFr

q)>qi“i (Greatest good with of all) qrll<ll ^1 ^ ■s-o'lA ^^SFT % ^nqiPmiqi'P! i«*i-<i^ «

3inrilqn '51^ %1 .^^q>i qilCT FTFT r*i«&i-fl ^ 1^r^ 'FtF 3FI^ 1^

FHrft^ % llfti 3T8{I¥^ci'il^ gl'il ^1 ‘ «e|^Sfe

^ STTVTF q'ljill §1 ^ H^)KorT

TFF? ^ ^trr 3^k ^rf^

^ "c;^ “mzi •sjFrm ti7. 3v</aj*q W XTffWtfrJm i-e4nim^> r^î4fiiH (Constructive Political Programme

,o/Aur6mdo)-3?fW7I ^ ■RPHI t IsV :V'^^ sflT ^ .-^f, lifFT-f ■J7F'WI^'^fFF17f!7'*5^l‘Jt^% 3IF^

^ yPtiMim mi 'sT. ^ ftrS’'Siicilq'K

^ ^ STT^ ■’.qurH'n

^ mm ^ mm't—“ mm mi mmi flrfem sirfVqm ^ ■'j^ yfV^ mi ^)m mfmî5R^ mmmf ^ fm ^ mm aFPfl

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(.ft) aum^Ri 3^

(iii) srmn m:(iv) fqfi?/ 3i7f#m m# mmi)

■ ^ 'j(tfl( mr rnifmf mmii «4Tn'fl< mTolq daVif mi fmmm mrnii

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(0) mfern rnimii % nmm mifmmitmf mrimr mmi!(vi) i%ft9i Miyim Tj^ ■gfmi mmi

am# '?q Tmumm mmf ml mi#mq# ■# iMdmi q'iRri # mifm mt F5q r=t><4ii «'§lA f#!nm mm rniPumm im3#i ■# #1

Tiuiiji invTi mimi mmn m fm mlm # n^lmn ml Rmm m# îmimi wmdl ^1 <5^1 A cf^s#' •3# smm# aftr ^ r%^r m# m am# imnmmmi R^m mum mtm af##) "s^jVi mi anftrmi mnm % aiir#m m’m lite fmi mr^ afti 'sn#? trhrr

#> mnj qnA miPumRl Mre) if# amrq nmmcn

## % %3; mfRi •t'lmf, #1. fmR a^ 1#^ ’jqm

¥f #¥T miwfmi m mpfmR

■5^ n#! I «•?!# amm mi mmr fmm aiâ# MKol^ eqq^^ra cfm dEjVi m# mm Imm mi^ #1 #71

an# mrimi "nfl■R mni ?ii nmn anfnm im ar##) rnimn % ■fismim anmat ^31#

wn-qn/

n# r5*-Ha mim t[m H^rq'^yf mmi mi8. aTT/mm ^ Wri-cFrf/ feizii{ (Aurobindo Views Regarding Freedom)-"^^

■ HRP# IqqiA ■# ti ^ 'qfimfmi mi# mmiqcFmnHcnnitqrt'qai

^—“ ^qa-qcii am# "ÂqH #1 f#m# mi hicii mim e. yii^fdm tqct-q mq ^ mmmmi % hft '^^mm'itn #

ml •^ mim #1 leimmti ti" m Timii anf#^ m# wm SRI am# aiftnim ^ wlfd mi^ mi wi mm #1 qn«iTq

% #1 ymR-1. amifim nm 2. immm mni^ ^1 amiftm tqn-qni ■# d-t=bi airs4â-qaf

WcFqdi

•fl<o?'S a'^'iUn'* l^^k* ?7

3fTT ‘i)<3d •3TTft 31lrHI 3TraT3f % STJ^TR 3^7^ 'JJ'TT ^ fôFifeH 'tit'ii ff^TT ^T§I qniiq<'J|■4 '♦><.-11 'tl 'i'i'hl Hi-soi ^Tt qied Wd-5ldl

Idi’H'ti ^1 ■zrf^ ■5;^ '<^1^ •îi’^Rq> ^Tferar’ q'JiN qigCi <^qiq'i’ ^>Ff ^ rff ^ Wd-'J<^«hdil qUi-dfq't. ^-fi^Pad 3iitiR^- wn-^ni %1 37Rrtt5i 2>tirrH'Si T^rRTcH ■dldd

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■=Tt7

'b tqn-ddi

9. 57r8znt373r W fB^rrr (Theory of Spiritual Nationalism)-^ttf^ 'sjt^ ■^n^ R<.Sia ^ MbTq’j^xI fR*ia ^1 TIR’I ^4^ '317 7I^4l^ I^WWTTl % sjRfd 4,4 ■37*7R ^t74 % ■^R; 4 375 ■OT’JiTI^q^ ^4^ 33 3^ sfR 33'bl TT^dl^ 33 73TP3 4\

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cHlqi-i <S'4l'^ 37737-4331 3ff 3797 34^ %3r7 3^ ft3ri 377!f3^ 4 3^ "^4 71^313 34 3T3 774t, 47T3Tf43I 4 73Tf43H 33 '33131 337 <Ji4> 77T34 371(31 33 133 7W f3>3TI

3-14i %T?; 71^ 4*337 TJ^* 337 7737 37 ■5r7^7f437 373 37, TJ^ 13 4* 773R3II ■37574 7!^ 33 '7J3> -liHqo 33 4 '^7^ 347 'f4 33*33433* ffe34*3 37 73^ '13*731 '53% 'iHT^ 77^ 713* 31 34 375 371 4 3*54 4 1% -4! 4^ 4 f 7737 577 '41 34 '3*774 % %3, *77777 tit % 77*^'

34 57 ^*344 '44 % 1473: ^377 7537 37fRl 377f%3 4 '1477371-“777? 337 t, 53771 37g*jf3 3371? ^35 *53**S 35t 4, 37^4

3*74 3757I 3414-3414 ■37337 ■34 TTltjf^ 37f337Tl 3*7 7T37f3^ 5*3 4f" 5*544 773^373 34 Utf ■34 '^737 SKI '3577 'f sfR '14777% '1474 53 *37ll%7 '7537 'f I a-^R '3*57 "f 1% 77’^375 '34 33737 '3^ '577 773*777, ■35 74 3% 5^ 3*7 ■3l7'373 f' 347 '574 34 ?[r'M ^ 3774 3^ î *j%r4 ■3*57 “7I^3K 33**7tf ^ ■54 ^?37 34 347 ^ 3T137 'f I 77^373 43* 4^7 *l4 ■§ '^7773*7 '5ft33 '43774 3*57 ■§ 1% 3377ft 3 377513 7^ 4^ '37fi7 1%^ 773444^ 7377*337 '37’3 '3*73* 3 77^ '3*7 f43fwi

3*7% ^9343 377351 34 37737 3*7=77 tl 5*m V43 377H 34 '1353 ^ 377^771373* ITT* 3=7T4 33 371 577% ITTTT 37777 3ld7 34 377%'ldl 4 '^53*777 Rdidf '35*4 t'l 5T7% '^74 54 31143* 31337 37 hicii '3*757 *35*4 t, 3T=3«77 5t7 7737 % %7? 3734 3T7HT7f%3* 37l%7. 37Tri7-'335;517 3 37*7=77 13* tT3*3T 4 t7573 37l33 t, fTTl^TT 54' 737%=T717 % 1^ 7141377

=7^' t 3^7 3 ■^ t73 34 344 4i 35 tT5T37l477 4. **4 7J^ 3*7 Rml»i•=1^11^

3*7=77 51" 5=514*7777=7

3c7 7^ 44l ■5=514 '3*573*7=7 qifsk,!573777

'5%1=7

15=^71^373 3^ tl 5=734 77^Mr377 trr33 4=7 3 l3?3-3=^ *77 37737147 tl 5=5T4 ^ t-‘'7I^373 *77=73 % 777*77133* 537 773=4153* 133*777 % 1^ '35*4 tl 37=55l3?37 7^3* 13?3 773 % 5777 3H3 34 ■q3*57 7371*75 5l=ft 37153 53 37154 34 '37137 % fer* 57TW77f5T3* =43 3*7 f%7m *775^ %jif 357 •371=5173* 7=3*57 34 37357 % SI77 'tl f%37 37 773*57 tl ” 553*7 3*557 37 1% It^ 34 7=3* ■?77V35 '3*73 tl ■% 77335 57*t4 4 774557 tl 577*7 1%74 33*77 34 77%1*457 'Ftl tl =75 t737 % 7371=53 ■*R =757 tl fTTfHlT 54' 37*74 5>lH»3d 34 35 *77775 ^5% 341 34 3 37fd3l' % 7441 34 14773*7 7^31=757 '577137

% ■93777 3*74 '37151^ 571% 3775 34 37TW77l3T3* 35737 ^37 77%l

10. Hiietlti Ttgjwr ^ d77??4 (The Ideal of Human Unity)- Hinq'ii 7=3*777 ^ 377^' 37714=3 733* 4777 I33R t, 1477% 3*77*5 377*371(33*57 '35 ■%Tt37 3*57 57757 tl 5=575 HH413 T=3r5I34 7*771*75 ^74 % Riy, 5447 34 37733l3l41 514 *77 *577 1337 tl '5=5)5 =75^ 1%3I 33=7 1373 4

3*571% 77^37? RnRl =33* 3737, 7^3* 37% 37 34 % 5441 3*7 773J373 '=751 tl '3=73*7 71^373

38 *777743 773=4/53' 133773*

■JTR^ ^ % STfeTcg ^ ^ WRT H?7=? %Jn t, ^ tl WI ^

^ ■‘jR.l^cl ■^tTRTT "W cfr ^7R3 ^ snyTlfc^T^ ^ 'flik.'iil l^Riy,

(947 '■4(-t‘=( <<«ha( ^ 377^’ llH^tt 7^ ^1 a-?)^ ?77 ^TPTW i^^cll

'% 37K?t ^ XTep yPSill "^cTFITl a'^l'l f^T^TT 3TT^

•3TcT7^ '^nni <^*^'>1 'Hi-i^ ■^71% 1^ '§r^ 3n 'jm'*!!i '^ttt i^rfV^T^TTTTTT I, yi'^lrt'ti =M<''i'i, 2. Pi<'fl< sRqfti^flt^ 'HRr^faql % 3. hi'^ ITT^ q^tnii sftT

gn 3rt5iiOT ^ 3ngn’^3fi ^ ^ ^ ’î #nsT t-“fiT% Nd.«}i ■f S^tr 'JlT'qqi 7T*7I sfT^ 3)iq«qq>cil ^ ■aiiqiRlS =t»<al ^

i% ^ s*i4?l: MKqK, cl«ll UW aTi<lq< ■^' â'llad ^ ^l”

'%Z

a-filA 377^ ^r?T ■! fq^q ii,qini ^ 377^ ?77 ^ ^ "t f^ 3777^ 37lf^ fq^Kq,!'

5171''^^ 'Tf <i'^1q 7F^ ^ 37^^77^ 37f=77i7 37^7*77 *7tl 377^^ ^ T7^ ^ ftHT^ ^'iPdcl

^ ■37I y^pTi fgfliq Pq^q ^ '^cft, 'STT^ '•^■'-’^ el'i'n ^ <i'^1q 77?^ ^ ^177*^7 "57^^

4177^ ^ t^' tl 37T37 ^ 7I557f ^ ^ ^ tl SAARC, WTO, OAS 377f^

t l 37rj7 377f*f^ 77*77 ii'^'iHaqi 733^

■*7S77*i f^77777 ^ yPstid7 «rlt ■'77 TFt tl 5<aRiy. 'Hpqt-H "t

q'^CT^ ^ "I? ti*-'Hiqii tl 377f^^ % F71^^771

^7?c7 t 77t

^7^ a^TFT'n% ‘t77^ TT^TTH ■% 377^’ g77 7^

^ 741 ^77=77 #77 # -JTft "^7 77*7 ^ "t ‘i77^ ^ 377^' 7*77^777 ^77^

# Rlniy, nfs-i1 tWi fq?q ■# "PtrW 77#*T 377^-ft#7 % Pti.si'fl %■# 77#*^37577R #77, "^TTf ^7gS7 # 7*7H, ■#%, TTTf# 77*77 377f*f?7 ■gfty7 % 3737777 37#-3T# 77^^ *7^ ^ 37f*7^ •#ni ■*77g "t 773^ 77#jf 7^*7f ^3^77 '33^ TTDfTif TTT^T^? % 37*77=7 47 'f^

<i'*;qi'^

3# #^l

W 37^ 377#^ t ‘‘37=7^ Ti;^ ■% 377^’ # 7*771# 3# 4^ *77*1 '4 377t ^77# 37*773Tf, 7## 737*1, 773#f 77^373 377ft # TTTTP *4 *373 #771 a-^)^ 37F7 # *7^ HNqfll % 773?? 77733777 33 377*27Tfc337 *l4 7t4 eft "TTT*#^ 7^4 '37 TT#*^ 77^3K "'77 377^3737 '377 77^777 tl P7 'TTF *7?7^ '377 # ^ 7741 ■4 TT^T 377737 '37 ^«qplq 7T777 1 3^7 “3733777 ?77 #7 37 '377 ^^qPlq ‘77777 377 tl 773^3 ynl=h t TTI ‘■3733 337(77 377 377^4' 37777731 4 77737 1#77 7737(77 tl #1 H-l'iq^lPiqi 7^37(77 4? 3777*3

3737(fl3(37 Iq?q ■# 34 7*77*737 tt 774731 3^(7 37734 7*77337 4 377(7 34 *#33 3[3? 377*371(337 'JP ##31

11. /gVfi 77*3584' /437TT (Views on Violence)—"?^ # 4 374371337734 34 773 37773-37^ 4 t # ^ rt^WKlj 77(3 (7l 3? 1137 4 37%7n 3^7 #77 ■#4 47 773*137

4l 3-«1A 37# ii'JiilRiqi #33 47 773773 5ftlP-d 37 #7 #773731 "# 377 tl 3f733 ft#, #373

7733747 4 743777 ^ 47 373 '37## TTqTT? 4? #H 377«37f(337 777777 '71?# '3774 ^37 4f #3 34 77 (31773 ■#' '37371 '33377 qip-ii *77 "# 77*3 34 7?77 47 1#* #77 34 37733337(77 34 (ft 3774 37#

■3^1 ■#77 ■37l#l 377f# ■37#? ■37733337(t7577R 777773 37#77(337 777331 '4 71*3373 33 ‘#73 #77 "tl '(4 #77 33 3#7 3f% tl atli #77 47 Hpvq 37 3737777 ■57# ^ ‘'t# 7^73’ 3T337 ■57337 4 Pen<31 t—“ 34^* 4 77^ 47 34 37737 41 *l4 377 tl 3=77

373 tf ?# 73*e t f37 4 5^: 7737 37#7I373l 4, ##7 377373373737777 #77 34 41 iTT# 4l 4 37#7T ■% 144*71 ^#1 3, '##7 ■# ■537313 ■3733'^ '373377 4773737 '37’T 4 TTF'H ^74 '34 #73 "#1 4, dPqii ■# ■537373 '3135®^ '313377 PôSi-d 4 iJ6<J| '3774 34 '#3 '3t1 4,

3T#71 34 374?71 WTTI 34 tf 37f*737 T7?t3 44 4l ##i 'S^# #77 4? 777*7-73*7 a7#7T 37T 37 773*13 f#TT tl"

Hll

371# a# #n 377 tl 773*13 f#77 tl #4

•777(43 KMilla^ /qq/<qi 39

• 12. «hr^t ^ fcivii {Views on Concept ofLaw)-^t^-<. ^ RHHI siTf% 'M'i;! ^ 3lf*?sif^ in? ^1 3T^ 31^t ii'niirti'* % 4j'ld=*>

TPn ^■^n ^ TTf^ SnVR TR #TT ■^rf^l ^JPJH ^jRcU fRf '5^^ 'îf^l 'Sti -^JT^ ^sn^

t. -qt^ ^1^ ^ ^ ^ t sfk -sRcn gm ^ aiRi^ crf ttrt -q^'it# ■qgqpr q?ra '^r t?t ■sW ti ^ qicF ^mfnt ^ ^ ti -qft

^>pjq r-i'^t. aftr 3i=qFPj<i ^ if at'îl 'STs^prn it ■suit î ^ ^ ^Rdi ^tr1% '*1-1 cti qi ^^TFRTTcf ^ ^qitif «M-j;il it qiî «n<n •flifey.l 'Jiidi ^ 3fftr=BK i 1^ ^

■qn ■qtptq i ^ it ^q^rt 3Tif*?r ^ qf^ ^ iti qfi srsiit qq fq^ it it f ^ qtPR q?t' qRqt ^rfiqi

q «*ioi qit iti i, <^r'»)i 'Min HW1

i)T

3Rfi^ itliq it TTjfitfciqr qrt qTRr qRi qqr if

13. ■eto.qnqifiqr înfr % qit i ■srfiqr qif ii a-i«*ii ilpHa *Tfi ^qqn r^-qK qt ■fe' ^ qrritqt qi Traitfiiqr qtn qft qifit it it qft-ift iti wtrqit qtct qtrqt qiipqfiq? q -pRtvR ti ^ t-‘^d=iidi ii mqT 1%i 1iqt qiqtfi^ ■gvif % tirq qqtq q^qt •iijiHdi q sriqt t.i" ^ qqnr 3Rfq^

■gtni' qft qrqr arftiqi wtr qif 1qqii qqnr 'nqiqq Ttqqffiiqv fqqit artqqq qRq % qt? ^ 'qq>qi i i

qqitfiqi fq-fld % ftqif-Tn^qiq, ^rftqqq vâ-qai q*Tf qiqq it i^q>qr qtt 37TvtiiRMqi •sqvrc qqrq tiqii Wfi TP^qiq qi tiq 3tiitr q^ yrdiiRd liqr afk wfq attitm i qqr qf iiq ■fq^ti qifi qtqq T^qrcit i stk^ sm it it q^qqt q^t t. q? sn^fiq? wt i 'siM3Tî^q iqqf i qn qfqq qqtq ii w ffe i an=tn ■^qtq "qisqTqt qqt qriitftqi ii qf^qq sfi ■'ji i fqqRt qn it qq^qq liqt i, q? aiil qqqtfiqr qiq qi qqi q?H iq ii

tfiqr ^qR itqt 1i Ti5rftfitq> qqifqq? i •Jtqtiq ftRft it qqpR % qpqitiqi ^qti

■^q^qqt Tt^ q^t qn ii Ttqqtfiqr

qrqan=»ii HMni

i MIHIhJI't)

3.6. 3ntAn(w<»i

(Theory of Spiritual Nationalism)

sRiiq itq i Ttqitfiqf fqqn qtt qq# q^ iq qqqn sTRqrfrqqi q^qiq qn ttrstm ii ■qqq qq; i T^qR qq i qm qiqq sipj it -îfi qirq qRn it qqqtqqr it iiqt i qqrt

3iiqf qrqtfttqi^ q Tiqitfiqi qq^nit i inq qtqt, qtqniti qRitq qiiq itt ardit q^ ^ .qqqqraff i qqiqri i it^ qqtq qqii i srqqm fq^ it ii qqqft qniq^qtit ,iqq ii qt qriqf qRi qi it itfqq it, ?q siqisn i ii q^ iTfqqq qn q ^q T^nr srqtqq qi iqfinj qiti qtqt qint qst qqitqdf it i ^sqnq % ipnq ftnri îti i it qq-q^fqrq qn qqin tint, qiti fiqq>, nrat iq i tifi qrqqt qi qq^t qqi a-il^ qqRqtit ictTsit qft qtitqqt qft, ifin sfiit itfi % Iqqn^ ni qn i ftqtit qft 5<{?ii îqqq qitft srqqi ?qqf qqn

yK**i

qnqqq qq, ■îfqq ■qqr qm ii qnftnqnftit qftqft qqqqr^q^qm:

tint aftr -qffHff i1^ 3n?R qft wnt qfti qif i "nqi sn^nf^ q^jqrq it ifq qî qifft q^qiq it T^q> qi^ qn i qq fiqt, qifi qfiqq qqi qnitq q^fir i q^q iteqq amqircqq. qiîq.qn tqtsnr qftm^

qiqR

fiqti

40 »y;<c7?«( qqi^qr /qqrry

tl«cqi<5

. (Sources of Inspiration of Aurobindo’s Nationalism)3TTf^^ % Piîf^naa 'f—

%■

(t) l^nn W ■% <i'>f=lR 'tR a-ii yniq «i<* 3TTRR W«r^ 5^,

^ 3Rf^ 5‘(rl"-5 ■'T^ ^ ^ ■Prai ^ ^1 ^3flT RITMT ^ "'ftR ^1 3Rf^ ^ RIR! RIcTT ^ ^ ^3R 3^k

^ RTRRT -JR^ R^l

(ii) /c(/5(W snifntinl wWoi) 9^ IT^TT^"—^ 3Rf^^ ^ rft ^ ^RRR R^M‘if^SRR RRTdR’ t WTpra l^RI ?R RRqT RTR sfR Rhi ^ RftR *ftRR Rl3;i RKR ÎSR RT 1892 ■^' ‘#SR ^RT’ RTRR? RilPd+K') R^ Rft Rt R<^dl RPR RiR ^1 fR RR3R % RRRft Rj) Rf) RRR HSdl R). cÎVii ^Rt^RR RF RR3R ^^ RRM Ft RRI. RR5 % miWHdn RT FRRit RF^ ^TT RF R^l

(Hi) ihffr(<hlO ^f573(t' W jrRToT—RR 3Rf^ ^ RRR STRi ^ d-itt)! ^ fa<n'»> ^ ^ '311R^RK Rit RTÎTcT |R ^FR^/ 3TRTt Rt "^JTI&R Rff RIRrTT RT^ "4 HgT^'iyf 'm4fRTRTI RTF Rtrar RTRRR TTR, fRiRRRR\ RlcT RRT R5-^. %eTR>T RRpRRRftRf Rt RRRit RRifqa fR>R[| FR 'R’^ R4 % %I3Tf Rft RR R^RT^ fRRTTRTR ^ 3TTf^ % Tn<JRTR RR 3RyTT TtRR ftTRTI

aTTRTRI^ g'l'nT fVfi?l RTIRR

(iu) Iclf^J^ f<»rt'5»rH dn^tcHf ST ITOTR^FR RRR STRR^’JF RRT R TRTTRRT Î'^rldi RFR ^ aVi^ aRTRrfTF % l^-fRiR SR^lcnd ^ WRT R^ 'tl RR^ H-ilîct STTRtRR RR ^fidi ^1 ■4'?V4 Pile'll RRT '1(lqiT«l ^RRR) Rft ■RtRpTRT R^ 3TR^-3IR^ ^?ft Rfl R RFrR’jyf ’jtRRR pTRlf Rt I FR^ ^ 3TfRfVR> RRl^R ^ STIt RITR Rit TRWtRRI Rp fFRTT ^ an=M TFtH RFTT ^ RRII

R?R^TRcTR

(u) HR«(>M")d ^RfPsfrlii) W iroTR"—RtR SITIr^ Rt RRR cM fit "RR RRR RRR TrRRtffIR> R RTRlftr^ 3T^ RRTRT3tf ^ TRR Rll RRRtR RR^ ^ % SfM % 1^ RR ^ ^1 ^SRtRT

■ 5felPd<*»Hl % ^ TR7%ftRRT % f^ TOR RR T# 4) R#R % FRlTRI^ fR^ Rp RTF 'RPft RPt H-iqi4 % 1^ % RIR^ PisHi^l Tt ^l SRfsRR ^ RRRit F^ RR^^RRIRff ^ R^ *tl

s^Rny. RRR Rit TRIUtRRI % ftni; TRTFjR RT R^ 1^l

TIvieflR ^ oRi^qT (Explanation of Nationalism)STTIr^ RR R^fRIR tigifqa R ^Wl RIRT fq*â tiRRlT ^1 RR^ RRRR TI^ 4iqd RRf

RlillfaR' TTRT RT RT^Pl^ R^ tl RF RRT '^t’lTd* FRR^ RTR R FtRR FR’^ ^ 3TfRRT tl TgT.

Rr<it =Fr RiFRT 'f 3Rt^^ Tl^ RTt JfiPw RIRR *t sftT RRRit TT^tRRT y.'h 3TRRTfcRR)•SRRFRRiRT Rtl dH*l TT^RIR Rft RTTRI fRFRftR sftT RFft f 1 TT^JRIR R^f RRT RRIRR V*t RTRT f I

RTFl t Rft TTRTRR Rrf -R ^tRT Ft ft^TT^ *ft R^ "^l TR? TT^ "gRTR tl RF RRRTRRTT^ J’T fdisll %—“ 4>qd TTRRtfrTRT q>i4»>4 R^

V

RTT 37RR7T fl TT^RR RitTlt^g^K eft R;RT Rif t Rt f?RT % RTR ^ 3RRT f ftl^ STTR^ TFRT tl FR R*ft RTtR ^FRttR 3f!fT

"tl RF r4 ^ 3ftT TnftRR* TT^

OVKSWi

% TRRR Î 3TR: F^ RlW=h ^ TI^RTR R>T ^JRRTRTR RTTRT Rft FR RRT R^' RRi^! RF eft F^RTtR RTfRR Rft ■RFTRRT ^ sttT RRRt 'tl TT^tRctT srRT'STRT RF =Rt^ RTRRtR RT^ R^. RftRT RTR^ 'f^RT ^1 t?RT ^ R eft RTTT RT TTRiRT f aftT R ^ ^RT <^'HI 'RT TTRiRT Î RF RFIR TT^ tRTT ^ tfHft =tit‘H RRT RRRT RFTR ^ 'fliy.'ii ftTcIRT ft) RF 3TRRt 3mRTf?RR>

% RRR-W RTl"

RRI

RFIRRT

R7TR?R ftRTTRf -41

*</«•< 3^ '/)<3c) ^ ^ 1% 3TTf=F^ ■^rr <,ic*qii^

%n fq^KyRT ^ *fR?T ^ Tf^ '^pFTH «R<i ^ ■<myH -jUrlT

T5T ■qlvi ^ d^FT *TT^ ^<<a-qai Ulf*^ 'f^T'^ 3lft?T f^qil <5-i=b 3nîifH=b TF^^K

r-i^^rcirtan ■?—

<j-|=+il STTKZnfFT^ <,|Ujq|q,

1. jêh/< I" {Nationalism is a Divine CalD-’^^H^C^ %I fMaV! '5TRR

^ Mi-id ^ ^ 3TI^ <HH?irt ?ll ^ ^

3fF %rt ^ 3TF HT^ 'S'i'i> Î'^qiG, 317^ «7T 3Tk 3«q>l T?7T % ^

Ictiqic-H 8^1 ^ ’Tft^Trfel %7§I t+qd {Ndlfddi '■+l4?tiiJ f I ^■^ ■^'

■?? oH^Kiql ■pi ■^ft TF^

T^'

H^cn 'sqqfl "31777! "5^ H^rqiq'i^ "It "^cficn ^ "Tf^{i-qqlRiqv, wmifêh sfk snf?!^ Pq^Kiqcil, ^ ^ ’TT tHlRiqi ^ ^ V^

^ 3TK?f ’TOI 1%^ % "JFIS! q<Vli <RT^' HHc| "17 "TTFFTTTT iWf, ■^Jnft-'Ff^,wtrncii î” "t ■% "i^^srTFjRi F^f^r ^ ti

'JFFTyTTF ^ <l^qi'7 ^ sntqilwqi "F*? <lH§i=h! <,-qa-^dl % 1^ WF ^77^ Tjft "f^^TT ^ ^ftcl "f^FTT "S-t'iA % "51^ ^ "JrFTf ^TF! "f, ^ ysem-iiq 'll 3-?'m "I

■% =nK'J| 3RT f, "W tnmq ’Fi "g^ % ^TFT "TmcR ^ TS!T ^77% 3^t7 SFRT fq^qiti ^Îk), "^73^ ■% 'fFTT % fc=F3i "^fTT ^ql-ft

■A' "SF^ r?qq^ gW qirek,!

TFT^qTsPqvqiTH "t 37h: Iq^qKpl ^

2- srrf^^ W?r TT^^T? nn^ni W aTTSflftrt if" (Aurobindo’s Nationalism is based on Hujn-anismj—FTf^r^ -dVlkil "TT^^ "=1^ ^ qPr^ fq«jti "tJg 2^

gl ^-"^TTF ^ «1*Hi'< "^ sfTM^"FFiJjf Hiqqai "^ ^Tr^TFr ’TT anyiftci Î aqqii FRdl '’7T "1% y"'^ i^llêld

fl FTFI ^ srftTF^ ^ IF % f^ f| iTD^ iq?q ^ Hinqai i^ qir'Ji'î fg^ y^ ^ y^ "tl |f1^ "!|^ fq?q-'Hy "TTT fy?y-"7F^ ^ "^ t<|qql "yif^l 3-^'i'^ 3TF^ ^Tgl "t |F% SFrFftT F’'ft

^ ^qa-ôl -WcHpiPiq "% SrfyîR FM gtR 3^ -57^ % -f^^" ^ Fhh "F'! "^ "76!! 'F!^ 1■gT. qixl ■Rtf "F <*ei ^—'“STTRf^ ir^yiF SFFFRtF ■7^ ^ ^nllqi qti'fti "3X?y HMq c+i'cri|l'i| 37R

"iTHy ^37W ti ” 3ttRr 3Frft TyFSTf -R "ff ym "ffs "fr R ^ f yRcr ftt "FfyR T?HycTT %fRiTI FFf^ ^qqil TFSyTF STlWnlTF^ TT^yK t '3!^ Hiqqai % ^TcFM % RCT 'Wyiltcf t’l

"FFf F3 "gRTcft'l FF "IF^ FI1% ^ "R TFFRyF "=! FFFTyR t 3TR "FT^FIRR! Ft

3. SJTf^T^ W '77^^73" i’lPffi 377 notch f" (Awobindo’s Nationalism is a symbol of

Power)—3<<,[q-3; oi^qic, ^ft 3FT 'FrftFi yi qfqiM % "TF^yiF "R "^TF! "ÎFR■377% |R FFI 1w "^1 3-gl'^ FiFT «iitq ■% ■'ti'qiql' "F "FF "fRi 2*gA "FPt "F d+iyd FTeT^

yrgft sjiPqtl tVrpft FFT F FT, "JF Pq-ni "FF FTTtl ^ "T^cFF gt, "FF 'FF 3TT^ ^ afR ^7^

^n-qai FTFT qiTFl "Flf^l Fft ^F^ 3TI!F-«q<5'H F?t "Fg^TF "fFTFT "Ft "FTF «Ft tl ITFR F FF7, "% "IWt Ft STFIWT F^' tl FRI# FTFT -FF Ft#, "^4ddl # "FTF "FF

3FF '^, 'FFF q®qi< '!rF> yq^s "TlfFF 'gR ^Rf WK "7^ "f 'RF 7TR ''RFF FfF 3^ TJF! 3TTF5f "FF 'Frr#l" •STtRff "R "Rrt !?lf4d Fft "FTF fR "t FF FlPciqi FifFF R STRtF! Rf "tl F#tF SFKFTRfF! "3?ypT ^TTT

"FT# fR "FTF Frgt "f I a-g'i-i

F#

TTFT "FR "FFIF aTT’-FlRFFi' TTFT "FTFITqF^FFT aFF

tl4. 377^3^ W 77>S373 cc4inch f", «g>/wrt {Aurobindo’s Nationalism is Comprehensive,

not Narrow)~^^M-ci R TI^FIF # FtfFFT R F RT3F7T anyTTRFF! R "FTTST Rl a-glR "RfRRfT F "TFTFt "fR Fftfy R "fFFTFIFF 3TfR "U^FTF fR yR, "FTTf, TT^FTF "FT fR "FF7 IR3RRF<ia

42 Wtdtn TTWftfctWt /qq^'T

'«,«

tl Wft ^ t, tW ’Tt ■gftcR f^tf[ ’WTT '^Tlff ' ■W/^ ^f I »Jl^ ^ 3Tq^ ■4' fij; ti 3tj1^ ^ 3i»:znrq ^ sr^ ^

»-rt ^ ^3^' -it '-^'^TI*^ cî< ftR1^ yipKi ^ ^chal *ftl •Si=t)l '^fe yr^'î ’RtTR %

^ cIRi Mtl fH y=M< PT 1R73 f 1% srrf^ ^ '^’Hi'H'h

’TfTT W SfT^fnchal W ^ {Aurobindo’s Nationalism

is a synthesis of Modernism and Antiquity)-sttf^ cT^ ^ ■^' TF^ % '+.kui

W^TRT 7T«TR HURd ^ ^ 1893 t RR "SITTO 3R^ ^ ^3^ R: W'^fd 33

’■-isi ^33 yri ’UR 3 TF3R 3T 33R^ *i1^c<h41 «i*<j>fa 33 33*M ^331 3^' 3t3T, ^ 3 33f33^

333ft 133 3ra ^331 cR? 3333 f33J3 3^ ’3Rt3 tH<:^(d ^ ■R’^3c3 33 f33n-^5?IT RT

33 3311 3^?^ wmliai 3 33tjf33i3T 3 ‘53333 ■53Tf33 33^ 33 ‘33151 ‘t3131l •S'tl-i hRiihI 71^313 ■gRT 3 ‘33% ‘33 ‘5R313 f%ni “3%!^ ‘I3R3T ‘f—"F’^ ‘3t333t ‘71^313 ‘3 ‘^’31 3^ 3i<dl '3lf^

‘333ft ‘3Rf3 3173 37 "3^ ffl ‘3l3 F’t 37^ 3R^ ‘313 3f733 ‘^ ‘f33l 3t F^ 373% 37R71 3ft7

3f7f73f33( % 37^737 7%3>17 317^ 37t^ ‘Flf3 3^ ^l”

«T1| -33^ 7l%t331 33 ‘133377 ‘317^ ^ *31 3% ^Rf, ‘3lf33t 3713)31

3)3333

S. ■377f%3‘ ^JT 77^373 573#

6. %■ 77^373 317 37^ ^3f-

complete Swarq/')—377f%3 33 31331 ^ f% ‘3133 ‘31% ‘% 37R3lfl331 ’ÎW 1331% tl 1^ 33t 7R33 t ‘33 3^ 73iyt331 5131 ‘% ^ni^ntl 37 cT53 ‘Ft

757757 ^ (Aim of Aurobindo’s Nationalism is 3i‘K''i ‘3 3173 3it ‘3F73’J%

5«17133 % 773^ 3173t3 713J31F773131 f, '371^ 3)3 ^175 ‘3% I 33% 1%li 71^(313 7^3) 77%71 31 ■i%7T3>l 553 ‘3%% f373

7717 37 '31% 3)t ‘3T3 '3ft '3lf% '3^'J3 .‘3133 ‘3Tli3 311 3133311 '3)1 '^FT ‘33% % 'f%5 71371 3F%

■33331 %l F7lf315 ‘3%% 771^ ‘3133 13%3cll ^ 5F7I 317# 37 3% tl 37%t# .37%% %

‘31% %

373t3 7F3r7 73cF3 7F3 ‘%l f3713R ‘331311

177 33IR ‘33#33 133% 311 37*333 ‘317# % '313 ‘3F 73^ Ft '3131 t 1% 377%^ '33 71^313 371*3113731 73313 311 *31 ‘33% fpTti 73?313 1731 t%3 ^337 *ft, '1371311 W<\ 317# % %ni *7173 3# F7 ■J'mSi! 3# % 1313; t3R 7F3T îPFiil 3%t# 1333 '# ‘313331 33 3713?! 7*71133 =37# 33 1335 #317 ‘313331

3# ‘3f73ll33

33133 311 1#31 t, '3F 71^31% 133173# % 133% '# IftFI^ 3Ff #31, ‘3%% 3731 *11

1% 3173 '3# 1333 % 3Tl*3lf%31 '3# 3731 31731 tl '3773 3Tl®llfr33) '^1% ‘t 377f%3 ^ 31*737773 77lf%l tt 7F1 tl 3713 3lf7l3) TTIf^^FI 3ft7 ‘33R 71^313 311 lilt ‘RT *7173 '# t. 3F 37R #7# # ‘313 Ft ‘3733 3# #73131 t, '%f313 731711, ‘3% 37131 377f%3 #1 %RT3 %133R ‘7H333 HSW % tl ‘33% 37^715 37137'3 317# '# 3773 TT’^'JJ# HHc(d| % 313333 tl 3lf%3 ‘5’%3311 13% IqxiKl 3# 3733# ÎFI

3# 3# '#31 ‘3# t, '3# 1J3IT31 3Ft "^tl 7T313TI F^Ft# 771#*7tf#31 3 7T#^1T331 'FR # 317% ‘377# ‘3#

71^313

3733 i<=Mii % 3713# 37% 371*3lf%31 ‘#^73 ‘311 73R #t3

37313731 3F^3# 37 133R 13131 'Flu 7# ‘33% 71^313 7773%t

311 7713 l3fF3‘3F3I31 35f3t31 *7f%i3 # 377R33 3 3ll33 tl

FtTll ‘3Ft71T31K

3.7. Hidci V.‘#’iii ^ 3TT^?f (Ideal of Human Unity)

3133 73%31 3# 3713# ‘311 Rhî-a 377i%3 % 71^^313 % 7T73#*nT 1731 3F73’J# %3R tl IMHlId # 77=3177 '%# % 37311^ 377l%3 # 37#31 733% Rri<a1, 13# # 7%1 !j1#4 ^77131 t—“77133 H+dl 311 3713%".(The Ideal of Human Unity) I 377i%3 # 3733t F77 ^77131 # Mldq 1731711 ^ 3713% UTTl ‘317# % ‘31% # 371# 31# 313% 3 ‘3% #7 317% 171 3713% 3# ‘5131 317# % 131% ‘37 3% ‘3#

FI IFl# 13 '57331 # 77T33 '3# 531711 3^7 3713%f % "Slcl 311 7^73313 ‘%3T7 1315. F7T# # 1H3711

’7777%7 (I’Jtillh’ti 43

/«!•<; 3^ ‘/)<gcJ % ^ ^ I'l Hi-iq Tt^kTI

% -SIK^T ^ ^ <i*^‘jf ‘iiiq ^TTRt % qi^THiî

Hinq. i<q>ai ^ ^ 'IHMW 't’l Hi-if«q>,

t'f^3^Tf%^'^

^ ^FTT % feq TT^ "feS ^VFfq

'tl■'iRn'Mcii q cl Cl I ^1 ^ «'hC1l

‘HhI?! t’l^ STI’i^lfcHqicfT 1^ ^Hiiqcii

3ITf^ % Una’ 1?oFcIT % 3?T^ ^ 3TraiT

(Bases of Aurobindo’s Ideal of Human Unity)hiTs’^R ^ 3Ttf»I^ ^ W’iRf'fi ^ ?cl^ ■’Tft'T^ ^ 5^ 1^

■3c81H shtTHU ^ ^ ^ «ftt "sfr^ ^T ^ oTi Wf^r?^ Cfl^qdl

^ t^WI 3P1% ^ Tim T(^ % 3TI^ ^ r«,SW (irfeyril«t) ^ Hc^qi oqRw ’IRcI % •witqifcnqi "^cS^FT % new ^ tTÎ <sH'^ ■*?FR l^^ci] % ’BIK?! % STMT rHHPdRircf t-

1. mrj ^fyg- ^ {First World War)-^«TtT ^ ■5cq=1 wz)' 3^|T ■>T{tfT«llM 1^

% •<lVfPl'i+;’l' ^ KTH Wfa T4MIHHI % IMTff ^ cR^ ^QMI ITT "g? ^ 'MW ^-W ‘SR) ‘^TRt ^STTf^F^ ^ ^fPTT 3TftT?T ■JTîiqd f^F ‘*iiiq <i.qiai 3TI^' ^«iqi ^ T^^ ^ ‘SFÎ

tq’I'hK f^FTT % "fe fqfq-i TTgrTcn TPT^ TT^ % 4K*^Rqi ^ 3^tT WMf 'g^ ^ ^F^ .'^ tl 1¥*T=T TF^ % ffci)‘ ■^' d+iW % ^TFT^ T7^ ^ sn^ -grra -fliM ■3n TF^F -qfK Rr=F’? T<^ ^ SFt^ TnRT ^FFTT "t cf) ^ TT^T cFTTF TlTSTFf ^TFTl '^Tffgi

2. $friei» W (Philosophy ofHistory)-Sdf^ '^ft "RRcF ijgicn % 3TF^ gft TigrPdq'lqn 3RT ■*TrT^ ftVqici o*T^ t^FTF f% ^ Siqijq TTT^TR ^THTI '3^^ fTT WF^ ^

yfRi qlqn ^ 3FI itft^ gg an’) '^TfT ftr ^ % n3^ ■§, sIfT inP-qqi cI«TT iFT^sTT^vnî'cn 3^' Tj^T-grr): % nfn vcrni arfijgr an^rf^ -fFTcff 1'?pt T5n gm??: srh: nm

■4CICITK TT’^ t)' TTnfScF ^T^ I'l cF^ ftTTSTF f—“fRlBTTT «<ctlci'i 1^ ^ w^Ri TT^

■3ttt)tr §qii5ql ^ fmt’n ^rm ^ T^ ^1 nra anr^ ann^ tf^ afk Ti^n anr^ stn^ TFTRfFT ^ «'iRjci ^T^ T^ t'J ” ?1T 'SF^TT aiclq-^^ ’jfF ^ anT^ ^liq gîcTT % an^ nc) gfe iRt^m ^ anuR rt

Rf ^1 <51^)1 Fq^qiy *n f^ ^RTÎRT'Fi Iq4>m Wn ^ yR^qi % WcF ^nq nft ngicTT ^3TK9i ?TT vTcfr nr aTR^ wn î,

3. 77^ cf/HfAjqj tf'/o'T W TraTw* WT f (State is not the highest form of socialorganisation)~^\T^-<K ^ eFTf=n f 'fe an^ TI3^. ’TR TI^ cF^ TfliHd eiFI 3TTTg RFn’TT Tl^n ^ ymiRiqi ^ CM-ilIci't’ TFTSn wq'I’sq ^ iIR IrmT -JiqRfi aTTTg % 17F^ Rh^j-a^■q^ t^-TTrarsn gf) tsttw •^tt^ ^ wm 1^ «n ark 3^ ^ ttwcit Rt wfti w) tr^¥tnH n RF ^sF^Rt TF^^ ^FTF TF^FR TF^R 3ft q)irHH 3iT ^ H^qui Rhqil ^ TT^^ iqiKcF

aRf^ ’sfF ^ 1^ t-“'M gfe '^’ TF^n nfF wn aigM tF ti^ tf^ ^ 3n arRcrn ttr n€F If l^^nTT wq ^ stRcr <i) g5?cFF an^ ti" itt^ tw ff ■^FFcn t arrl^ tfsf

TF’g]’) ‘Hiiq 'FlfiT Fit TTq> RTHF '^F a-sl-) fdTsFI ‘‘?TT ^513 3nq?f 3>) ^ Iqj{q-TFRT % fHnf'n ?FTF TTTRT FR TT^ 3T«T)g TFRJ TF^ 'qi) TTSfi "SFqnT % Tl^ ITnfecF q)C4)^ ^ anq^f qr^/RTR! ^ tt^f^ ^f” am; arrlFm ^ ttrt qrF îqiR^qi W-wi qn TmfHq fpf rnn^ ^ Tnm iq>R fqRTF ^1

4. TTFSy c^M’ ^ MjWq/q 9R ulrtPlfif t (State is the agent of the groupingegoism of the people)~^*S^’^ RFR qn qi-in ^ ■% TRq mFnF % TFFgf^ 'MsfqTq ^ ^RiRifij Fl

MHcF ■5!lfh %

% PqqK qn

qRt#q <.M-ilfa‘*> /qw/<=h

'4 cff TFJ^ 3TT^ 'SlcTT 'f, 'A TF^ cqpKtq'i %ficfi’ ^ g?Tcn ti oqcfgTT ■^’ ■pT^-'^ wraPr ^ ^fjra ■qr sjf^ ti w^ t ^ '311% 1^ P' TT^ ^ 'OTT ■3TTT3;, TT^m ^ ^ 3?^ t %

•qtniA sSk 3T^Ri<»i o^f'Ki I P 'OT: ^ WT t % W,^ ?IRFT •=iôqqw

■'F^ oqpR ^ TTtIT P 3TT^ t' afR IT^ ^ fl TF?zr wi4qi'^ %

SiFwc^ ST’T^ STTfRTii^ 311p fd^l ‘‘oqfetflSTPaR'Ki 3T=5 ti=hni It # ^sWFcT tf=T^ ^ ^ tl TF!T ^ •hFtI sn?*!! ^ ^ sfR TR? ^

^ HNai ^l” 5^tfli< ^ 3r^Pr i>qd ■RRef y,=hfti % 3TK9t ^ ■îT% '^r^qj fjshcij ^1»‘i]'o

Hiiq nefifli % 3fT4Vf ^ f^TPIrin^

(Features of Ideal of Human Unity )auFq-^ % ‘iiiq % 5[T^ 3^5*3 l^?1‘Httl‘< PRTfcTferT 'f

1. HI10 i^cfjR/ ^ 3TI^?f uif)[h<it f^chin îW ^ q^'fli/ 597 VM ^ (The Ideal of Human Unity is a part of Nature’s Evolutionary Scheme)~-^fSk'^ "Sn f5^5ra STl

y.'nni ^ 37T^ fi<fifd 5p qlq-ii ^ ^ ’IFI ^1 niiq y.+dl 591 391^ Hi'iqlq

3TV4I+K "F yi^Ri=b fqq>i<H sfR 59! ■fi vsi^ fR-dKrj?fR

33T^fiT59 Pt’^TI %59RTTI ft oRpR! -qftgR f w tl ^.-sRinr % 59Rq f ‘■qftgR ^ Pra, ijm P 5tr, wf ^ tr? 59!

I

f^59ra ^39! ti ’TlRTl ■p ■RFra 5^ 59! 3!r5?f Pt 3ira fe5T '3IT 395: ^9H5 tJIRKn 59! 3915^3nîl55r 1^59199 59R ^ ql-q-ii 59! 1T59 HeTq'j^>'I Pe^^nl tl

2. Wf^<*' e^f<M if ■3977*77 597 3777 f (There is an Existence of secret spirit in every human feem,^}—39Tft^ 5iT Pq^qfR *9! 1% 377559

(Divine Reality) 59! 1t5T tl aiqH t 5? Hi-iqni ewai ^ 39175! 59! 395*95 5995! 'q<?'<l tl ?9!% 395!5 t 39!U7!f7*959 1J597!! 5t ■75F95I 5tl tl '99597!tl 5tl

RT55 5t k,qini 59! 3T75R tPffi 399f5^ t 395! 59f! t—“55^' 5t 39!7*9! t 37=5 'RJ'STI

)5977^

f55 t ^ 39I7I!! FhÎR 59Tcit tl 39Tf5^ t ^59! tt ycilq’ tl ^^97571!

39TWTTf5959% 9915 esqVi 597^ ’97551 5!^ ‘SHTf! tl 39!5?5597n ^ 5!7I 5t t 159 ’9T55I 5^ ^Fâ'ilq*. 1595!

5!!^ 39R ?9!59! f559R9 599t % yqiH f59^ 5fn^|'’

3. *7/55 (Jefcrt/ ^ 377?7f ^ ITTftf 3f</q"q % 77^375 ^ ?9?3-1 (Realisation of the Ideal of the Human Unity is the end of Aurobindo’s Nationalism)-^<r^’^ 5l5 t 5!55 53971! % 39!5¥f 59l 395t 5^575 599 <i^V5 55151 tl 55% ST^HR 99^595 t!^ t ttt ii,qini 3IRI 59Tt %1 9759 Tltg cT55 tl 5F,!759 t;99i ^597!! t f399t oqpKl 175511559, ♦ii*iiiqqi 5! 39lfM59 397URI % 597T5 pTR-ft-l 5lt fI3; RI Hii^qi 9^ «Hn tit I tl'^qK 59! Ijfl 39157? *9195 15T5 t 37955 5%!! a«A ^ •53^, 5!!f5 39I9 5t t 3975971 '^5155! tWl |99t 9'5?: 11% 3991%^ 5t 9I5J575 55 *9155! 1%97l 5nf7! 5 5t t % 3!f5 ■g'R! 37RH 5 5995! t%9 '%57T Hiiqni % 55971! cT!?! 59! MI'<1 R95! 5!l5%1t *9795 59l WIRlddl 59 %R 155! 75159 *9795 15?5 59! 39!U7lft959 55 99%5! I59 39!U7!f5959 1%8JT % 'gR! tl 5155 k,qifli % 3975^ 59l 3175! 1%5! 51 559717 tl ^559! 97^575 97R!!'37f 59 t 55f7I_977^*tPT59 tl 5F 995% 595555 5f11%=77! 59 397571971 tl ^5591 qieit *7! 1% fqsjq

% 59r5M % ftTR *9797!,59I .eaiql-ini 37737! 59951 ■37759559 t 7!7^ 575577! 5)1 5551 '^5! % 9775-575 I555 59! 3T!y-iiFwq9 ^gcq 5I 37515 1%5! 5!! 5%l

>

5559! ^ fq?qiR

5II559

I

TTWdffttW fW^^RW 45

?«/«-? 5?^ 3^7 ‘l'l<sr^ 4. Hiiei ncf,ni ^ .377^ ^ J77i(T ^7# ^ 77777? (Wo^'s for Realisation of the Ideal ofhuman uniiy)—3T7f?^ ^ 133^ ^ 3TR7i Pq^q 77? % ■^' TF’jrf hi'1«< '^nfa % ?>e?Fn?rT 771871? fWlI 77? 3iirHpi''h % 17TT3P? ''77 377?7ft? ■f?f???73Tl' VX 37T?Tf7cI ?t?71 TTT^f^

? ?ft ?? yf^^d ly^pKidT ?7f 7*77?, Wf?,

TlT^lf? ? 3T7f«f?r 3T7f^ % 377?? ?7 TT^JF ??T% 7??^??T7 ^Wt, c^P'ti'i ^ 77^ 7?7?f??7? TT’^ ‘iinq ^tI? % ?7F?T? ?ft ?7? «l?‘l sfk ■777?f??7?I ^ >Tt^ "'TT STlWlft? ?71

f?^ 77? ?rt| 7?1? 7^ ?1?7I 7?T?7^?7 tlfjgl % P^î-fl ?7t w1=nK ?77 ^ ''77 377^ ?7T?7T? ■'J? -nm'll 37t7 3dclR=t) 77?^ % 1%’^ ?77? 7?!? ^t?7l 77^^ 77T?7f??7 3f[7 7777^71^

77>?=? Hliqlq 37T?R ?7 3^[7 ?cf?H ^TJcfl ?7T ?7?1?7W 77?T?f 'Jim.'ii I |7T 'ST?!? 377f^

tTR? ?Tf? % 371?^ Ti?ft?77? ?7t Tl’^’T? qnqi tl ?f? ??'(Hil^jilPiqi Ti?7cll 7?Tftd ^ ?t ?R? k.'dcii ?? 377^ w? i%?7 ?7 yqicii ^1 i

5. W-m l^chai ^ 377?7f ^ 'ûf ^ <w/«/(P (Impediments in the way of the establish

ing human)—%?7T ?!?? i^qicii % ?7^ 377^ ?I7ft ?7?73ff ^ f?)?7 î <3n4i HaijtiK 77®J^ Hiiq 'STlf? 7^ ??77^ sItT ^Hl-iq 7747?I % 37I??i ?i^ W? ??? ■^' TT^t? 775?f % 7?72f?7? ?ft 'TT??! 77?^ ?7?7 f I 3n(q*q ??

Hi'1'11 STl.fe 7?7?f 1t?7 ^ ^ <5qi< ^ Mi-iq i<q)fli ?77 377??j ?1?T f^?T ?7 TT^TcTl 'tl 3'^!^ 7FS? ?7^ TTITjf^ 7?T8^?7^ ^ ?T? 3fl7 ?iT7 “fe ?? 71T>jf^ <qi4qi<7 qiiqcti % 77?8J Hiiqcti ?i7 ?7g? 7T?7?7 ?^' ?1 77?7cni ’STCftT^ % 3T377R-‘‘?f^ 7???7 77? ?7t 7*77^q)<ll ^ ^ 777>jf^ 37F??I? ?7 +qi4qi<r ^ 377????7 77?f[?? qn-ii Ft?7 3^17 *iiiqni ?7T 377Wf<??7

?? 3T?=71?7 ?i? ??7 ?R ?7?? ?7j? ?7t ^71?ft ^ fit ■S1?77 H-i'l^îiPiq' i<qiai

?77 ??? #71 # ?T?? ■#? % 377?^ 7#t??7T # 377777* * TTT^f ?77

fqqiPi ?77 37*??? ?77 7^ % ?7? ?F ?7¥7 77^777

?7 STiyift? qiTii Hiiq i<q>ni f*?7^ # ?7 ?? ?7cl 7?t?rR # ^ f* Hnq i^qiai 777^jf#7cn ?)7 ypiPii? ^1 # 77?7?7

77?fH 7?T?f 1??? # 37#7 “J* *' W 77§7 f I 371? 37?77f’#7 777?^ '^Pnî 377?

f?V? ?7?I^ *7 377??7 * ^ 7?7 ^1 qiiq i<qiai % 377# ?7t ?T?T 1#^ 1??I i?7? 77’77?73^ ?7T

77?T?7? #7 # 77?7?7I ?f^ # H|-iq ?lf? # Pqn?! * qqni ^ * 377f?^ ?t %# T7T?1 ?77* % W77 ^7^ 777# 77F37f#? ?7 37T?7ft? Hi-iq 77?7? 37?% % ?? ''77

? 77T??7?#

, ?R?7 ?77^ "TTl?! ??*

^ 1% 3itfq-q ?t ?77 77?? Pq'fl-i ?77 377# * ??% 37W77r>7?7? ?7 * 377?7f7? tl

% ?Pf * 77# ^T?7 777’?1t?7 T?!#!? tl 7!^

1#^ f# Hiiq y.qicn ?? 377# ?T?T Wf t#77 ?7T 77?7?7I 77# *777777

Hnq ??7?7 % 377# 3777717 Ff 77*>l

3.8. 3TTfsi^ Tj^TTrar^ (An Evaluation of Aurobindo’s)

^<rq-q # Pq-di ?77 371??^ t ?F ?1? TTlf# t# t f* * ??7 377Vqi[wqi 77^?7? *7.Pqqldi 5?? 8^1 t ?;?> ?F7? ?#, 7T?T, 4M=7dl # ^•jikI 3# ?7???7?7^ ?7 5'i‘q< *^1 77^*#

7?l?t?cn ?77 371# ^KciqiPyqT % 777?t 7737, 77#? 377#77? # ??-377*#T qqiqi, 377??f??7?7 ?77 ?73 ?(dT?7 ??7 0,577^1 ?? 377# F?7^ 777?t ytâ f#771 qqqn #7 Hiqq ?7fw % ?rc?l? t Piled ?7I ??% Pi-di ?? oqiHq< S?*??? ?# # # ?7F7 ?7 77?7777 t # 377f?^ ?;?7 f#T7?7 Ft ?Bt * ?[7?7 ??7 ?it? ? ?t # enqi'i 3777?# T7?l? ^ 77# *1 gRqm #8# # ST^TTR—"377f?^ # ?77?? ? ??7 ■^?#t77 ## t •Iqi't'i qciHM, 'nlq''^ ?7 "fn 37f???7 t 3^7 aqqil *77t tl”tt?? Oc^s ? 3* ?77*? fqql<=tiT ?? (.iqgiHK ?7f7 tl FT. ??f t ?7F71 # 3|<fq-^ ?t 377^f??7 FlTcI % -iq'Jll‘K')| sti: TT'??!? ?7 '# t ■#''?F7? f?#7 ^ t 3^7 f#R 37c??7 5t)Hq.s 3777 ^[q«^ci3WT

^ 46 WTTfft?-??*/#!. /qqf<q>

t'l" <5-I'M rq-fl-i ^ Ri-fli *nT?f % fq^q3^ TT’TTS ■^Jpra "Wfi? fFIJ ■!■) ^ “Wl % ^ TTSjqj-O sltr HiiqaiqitO f'l Piw^ tfR

’TT ^TfT ^ yqioi "t <ST=t>i 3Tri2j|1ci|^ ^ 3^ 'Rlqc^ i^=tiai Ri^k <i'ii'ilRiq> Pq-fli

% ?1cr?ra ^ cl ■

3.9. ■^?WT ‘i^<a<ri (Gopal Krishna.Gokliale)

1885 ^ 1906 "t. rT^ "'JpIfFTT % '?T*T ^ oCiHqif^qT ^ ‘IHra

s^l ‘iImici 'll<51 % q^fflRqfl Sirq-q yfflS 4'iKqi'O %fT iVt-if!, ■=TI«T q-i-Jif

■3^ ?iT 4pai f^*qRr<i<3ci RiiSI^

1. ÎWI qtqil ^—‘357^5(1^ ^ fqle«l ?ll«n ^ ^<ln ^1 3Tr% ^ stiK"!

^ srr arM % sn^ ^ ^ it Mti 'nte^

^ TT^T râii *ft tTf fnfyqi^, ^ WT ^ 1%

-3T^^ ^ ■?TFT SfraiT Tirf^ WiPra ^,.^1 siiiiRi ■% 'fi^ q-iRi if WI ^ 3ToEra^ ■3?T=7

TFT ^ «hin if % TlfT ^ ^'llPfl sfR

ol-q «<« ^>1^ "Tiff F^^l"

‘iW(^ fqfdî TR Tj;^ vft oqq<:qi “=0^ ^ qqlTq) ^ TnifT^ y<*^Jiq< FTT% FTTl 'MKdl^jl % 1^ ^ TFT "tl q FiF^ ^ ^ 'TTTF "i i%feT TR ^ FtTF ’TTTcfW

qirqiui FfFI qifeiil

2. FFTTPr 'Svf ■RTTTRjtIHT if 3ils*l fq^'qlW—‘ilm^ 'fR'T 'iloiA cT*ir 3T^ ■S'AKqiRqi %IKI fVfen TR ^ q^îi ^ 3RT ^ *ff *!TT f«!t«i TTTTH ^ 'qiqPyqai F ‘3H^ 3Tf%F fg^gra *TTi Pstri?! dWfl'qlq TTTâif F'-TI fTT^-M*Ri ^TRF % 1^ 3]RWt ■*TPT^ *i, ^■HPcrlli ai4vi FHF STT^T^ F^T ^TTl IfF '+l')y % 3TfV^TR sfli+H-i % TTR^ if oFFT

gj, '‘aTâTO^^^fc'nTF^TTTTT^cRT TFW ■JiF T^tor ■^TTfft t'^rrf^ "^HF^ f, "gi llrftVT ?TITn ^ TraTcff’ ti" ■’TUft ^ giTci ^ arPygr srPy^ 3=11^ ^ ft=i 33^/^ if fg?^ «n

%gFT Tig % 3T3Ff3 ^ Tf»7g'llI ■

3. 33TTgrfegf gjl FgÎTTR ■^- yiRd 8IT"3 "fe "TJIlf '(•q<l'«l—'ll^ld 3tT3^ ^TTR %fW, TgTTTTT3 gT aTftTTFR fr^TfcT (Dominion Status) qiect ftfi giT3 g^ ggi gra

FT3I ■grftg ^ gRTSTdllHM TTR^ alsii 3^ qie-^ 33303r^ ^ W3 go RT ychal Î F^T TTR^ 3 1907 4 F^TTFigiF 3 (331 gOT 3330 fn gignj 3^^ 3iFT—

3Ff tl ^ 3TF^ f^ "131^ ^ g^feg 3^ t, Ht ttfi VRiJargf ggr

■fgg t'«<qwi Tw , atiqil

%3T arfr

■hRJSIJ 3lVr 6Hk1 3<l«hli^l((' ^*<^5 «l«4 "IF ^ ^^ Tftgrarf if ^

3R anr^f^Tgr 3Ri atfgrFjgt (Dominions) grf "fi % giro % P«Rtfi gF IqqK gi ■% arfiiTpg trgftr' %g3T fqRsii TTTFTTg %

FT!

1 "fer ^ "^vrqiRiql gtt ftgiri ^ It ^ ■îrit arR mViI gff 3Tg%^ ti Rif^ aragr Trogig % ^^grg % g?^ affr i^g ^ fUgnrr goTw^3> II if giFdf 1^ 33 gr 'ferft gg>iT go uifiRiqv gi^g^ 3 Frorgr rttî ^ gum grrg TTRiT 3F '^vff if Trggtfggr. afngffggr, grf^fgr, FiileRq'qi, 4?(ift«ti ggr gicor ^ if

, ar^ ■ag^gwggFgr gjti if g^ gieoi il^ «h«i , ^1:"

glgrTT

agg^f fgfj^r iggpg aiggfH grgi

yual^ Af/ii'?’ 47

1. ^'*j5^iVii■=Tfe •

V.

2. Hinq y.5f>ai

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\

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48 >7773^^ /eiw*/

4. % 3îr«r*l 3Tf^ I«?i:(i«—‘^Hici tt? ^ 1% arîCTlicRt^ ^ f| dMuT ^ dl'hi W■R ^yrf^.

stT^tofi yr 1% 3?^ 1^ 3^ '^Rri ^ 'Ji-idi^ 4H'+1 'Hdl'‘^Trd 'fr<Rl ^jfRI .3-i=ni «t=(iK ^ 3iicil-qii 3?r^ ■pffer?? yfnOu ^ ‘’^TT

«iTi ^ viiP-d ^ 'Jitn^ sftr -Jicjyl % ■giTT -Ji-iHA ^ ira^ «nT^ ^ ’rt% 3<)k ^ «hHlT^ fsirtî îitii ''K ssti=( Hsdl yri •Jiil'Jil % rq<?* f?^ 3^7 ^”11 "îT y^K^^77 cr*n TTRttt^r îHw 'jnftn (encni îi^) % <h<sci «î ^ ^ ^rra ’it

aHN

%

y^Hd ^ TTITTf ^ TT^TM % ftlTi '37?% W'hH ^ .'Ks-flls 'dTl’l^ ^ ^ ■^Tcff TFcft ^ 3^7 TTTrt 3ft TIPTI f^TsiT 3n TTîW °IF ’ft 3JM3^,fttcn "fl ^TRT 3^ 37^7^ <H<d>f< 3^7 3fttra7 f-i4Hai'i=l<»> oH«<5K Wl "'TScft ftl '+‘<nfl: 3R7TTfti ^3 3nft Î ft -Jiiai fti 37^3 3ft7 3ftft^ 3131ft ft^ "TS? ft 3^ ft 3I33T MC.'ft fftTft^ ftti

\

ft? TT^sft ft5. 7Mdifrl «FT 3tlty|t*ft«*i<U|—‘ilofft TTSrfttftT ft 3*71 fftfOT 771773i|d'Jll4 377ft ft? ft’ 3^ ft I ft filcJfi 7737 ft? fft?3! sftr 3^3^ 377ft 377 773ft3 377ft ft? Rlk. ^377 3^ ft I 377377 37773 33 *77 'fe ft 773? 37^ ■3^?3 3ft yiPfi ft? ^73 Si^Paci 777337 3?7 3733ft ft? tftri ft3R 3^' ftl ?77 tg ft ft?37T 3jft3 77733 ff 3T337ft ft? ■fftn; ft3R ftl 7n33f 3ft 3fft3777 3 3333 37fe3 ■|ft?317T *771 (Ndlld 3ft IftTTft TTlTTfe 37 33 37*737 33 3ft 37f^ ft? 3^ 3733737 37f33

f 7773,ft?7 ftft ft37 ft? fftr? 37337371 '3:^ 31777 "^3^ 773 ft? 7737m

sftr 7373 317 37ft 37337ft ft? "f^ ftftTT '^371 313 'ft' 3773ft 3ft fftSTTsft 33 37^7773 3?7ft ^ 3FT737 ftlftt ft ftr 1’^' 317ff 3ft 3733T37 3^7 ft?l37f33f |7ft 3lft 37 '’TTlft 3ft 77^ fttl 3¥]ffil 3f*ft ft 3t73ft^ 37337 777rfttfft3? 'J? 7ftt3?77 3r7ft ^ =h6i *77:

“fttraft ft-gft 177 37771^, 7737 7737fttfft3? fts ft 333 3?7ft 33 *373 77337 MifsM.! 'ift ft?3c7 '3313t 3737 73ft 'if 3Ft ^731 ■«(ifei!. srft^ ift ftn ft? <Md1id+ ■ftt33 3*77 7F33tf33? 7f7*7737f 3ft 37T*3l1ft73? 33T37 Mifty.! ftt ■ftt33 ft Tft3737 IT’T^ 3ft 3*77 ft 373 33? 3^337 arsH 3?7 7^ ^1 377 aft'fl'ii ft ft 3333ft 3tft3 '^737 ’31137

I3737

I

\ 3*77 373ft 37733ft 3TT*37fi33? 33737 '31137 'f^l" '

6. 37Rlf3ra sftr ■3?T ■ftn-fttTlft 3*3*f^ ftl •33ft? ftt33 ft' 3*77*7313 3*773713^373 3?7 'ftTT *771 ft 177 3T3 "TT f33R 377ft ft fft? dr+ldid 3f7fft7l33f ft 337 77’=33 *77 3^7 337 3 *77? ft 3?1T 3?7ft ft % dft'dHl 3ft 37mt ft' 77*? 3?7 rdHi«l 77«ig ^3^ 'll 373: dr+ldI3 77331133?

'3ft 313 '3ft 7731737 sfiian ft 33ff3? 3717 ft 133? 373? 3173ftftfftTfftftf 3ft 773ft 1337 Tjftaft 3ft 3ft flrizil 7773133 3?7 373 '77331 ■31lft ft 317 ^Tlft 373? ÎTcflftf ft? 'fftft 373ft ftl7 37 T(7773 3?7ft3?7 37fft3?R ftt '37lft ftl 33ft? 3?| 37737t33? 133ft 177 13377V177 3ft 3773; 3^ 3?7ft ftl 133ft 137 ftft

"3?1 1337 31313 t f3? 13 13ft 3f33

73117773

^ 'ftftaft ft '3?17, “337 37733?7 31 133R ^ fft? 13ft 113? 373ft ■ftiT '3ft Mllftlddl 'ft ift’ -5773337 ^ %l -313 77»73 ^ 'll -ft 3nft ftl7 3ft 3713 'll 733^.-^133737^ 37^ 337 31 TT’^ t? ”

7. mV^ldl -f^T^ ^MqlPini ft -^1 fMi":iiti—‘il<arrt ft =hiil3 -ft? >^^5, 77^ft7T3 ft -31373 3?17. “1883 i ft' 3ft 373f ft'ft -5:3? 3ft ^f33T’*77l 33? ftl 31 *7713? 3773 3ft -3337 3ft 373733*77 37^yf373777 ft? ift ft' it 3ft Tift 1331 317^ 3^7 31 *77. ITlft? -fftn? 37131r3 1773 ft? 5R 13737-^37 37t7 ftm 3?7% ftft-ftft 733 373311377 H<**Ki37t’ ft? 737 33? 1H3?7 ^ 371371 3733t 137733 -57^1337 ft -ftlftl ll3?7 ITrft 177 317 ft? rfiftt 3ft 3173173 1773 3373 '3?7ft 3?1 fftfti l3?37l’'

Vual-^ iM'iUh’Ti f3377^ 49

-fTIfin '5ft 5T^ 8^1 37F775575r "^R 55r ^ ftr■5 57fT-

Wfi-5ici;'i4'ti ■95lf%rl 5iT 3Tc|H^ ^ f^cicil (ft tttitfl ^ 1%?jT ’ft ■JFifft 5ft ^ 3?i7n 5R5I 'SJjM fl -ftn 'RrT t W 5ft '^fl 5ftlTR

^?n %, ■3TR7 ■'■iR^c^ iTrar 5n ■5>pf I5111 5ft ^ffn^ '^551 ’tit "t l5frFn ■%afiT ■3?i55, aftr 5[ft5 ■% cFc^t

=t''5c^ o t--q(iH ^T5 TFjft ■'TT?5Tr5 aW'Il el

5ft 711535! 5ft Tl'ift "ft“515 '^'ICIt

5^

^Kdl'H 5155 55 ■J^ft 1¥5Rf 5ft 51531 "ft "g^ 5551 5ft 35(551^ 5551 f'l 15 ^ ^ 1537

8. (*chai fti558f^ 5I 5 ■85^ ^ 5f5 5151 5ft T5 5IT5 otlPd^T 'ft' 31^57 5R155T55 ^1 15f^ ft 'fl’âff aftr '55515151 '551 5557f ftft ft f51 'T’ft ^lewôi 551 ft55 ft 555#5 5rrf^ sfft 3T55 '53ftft' 5T 551 ftft ■5ft aft^ TT^fttR. 75 afR 'ftftt 5T arTMT^ 551 ft5T ■5l1%7l ft f^-g,RdM 7?5 5ft »Jlfft5r ^ ft ftisft ft aftr 515ft ft ■% 5ft^ ftt 5ft ■757-'^ ft 57 57T51 5^ ftR315T t. 15fftr7 ftfti 5ftf ftl 3T35rf551 5ft 7^-^ ft ^T51 •gif^l

9, ■ftw ^ ■ft5T—■7r^5 i<<t-cii ftft 5Rft fti 1ft7 ftfeft RRftftft 5ft 715fftM 51 fftTft531 ftft fti ft 57?ft ft I57 “55 551 5Rftt5l 5ft ■^fe51 aftr sritORce 'ftRRîaft f551T5 '5^ fttrll, 35 5^ ft 3T5ft TR5 5ft 5=Tf5 ft 33551 gft -ftlRTn 5^' ft 55lft fl •35^-5F '157515 51 ^ ftf%57iJr5F, 5ft5, 513ft 5lT55 351 (515 'ft 5R3t5 3T5ft ftTl 55 5f5^ '35531 551 7T5rft ftl 15 f55Tft 55 '>’-<iqeiR=h '315 ftft % ftftaft ft 12 ■^, 1905 ^ 5R(1 ft55i 715 (Servant of IndianSociety) 5ft 'fttft Tlfttl I’ftt 31157ft 55 aigsRvi "îft ^ 'ftftjft ft ‘'n^dg-i'’ (Knighthood) 5ft '35115

■5555 "fftT^ni—^ '5(9131 =[5'5 ftfta^ ft’^-yR-nn '75511 ftl 5^17, 751R ftl 53ft7 5ft 7ft, fft 5173 55 5f55!r

% 77315 5ft ■55171 ■^l ^ftfft 5R5 7Tf55 5ft 'ft' 751 TSTH 7F5 517ft ft ftt 15557 517 'fftTl 55tf51 "ft ■355ft ■ft7lft51 "ft 35553 55ftI ITlftl 3lf3i753 ’ftlTft tHHM-'^5Tft ft f57517T 7173 ft aiR 71513 5ft 7lf537113fr 55Tft ftl 1317 ft ^3117|3 351 355 îftfftftl 51751 ftl

10. '5155 75f(l ftl ^1317 7531331 ■ft '1575171 (Faith in the human freedom)-5ft3ft 75rF53T ftl "5^15 715ft51 ftl '3555 57 ^ ^7515 51 '5155 unfft '511 3iiHc?l<. 57 aftt 77Tftt5 511135ft 75T7T(ft7 ■57 Tnift '753^331 ftl 1551 5^ l1 7T51(ft Î.IHf^ ft 315ft '^71 ftl %7 'd(5ildH 5f7f7*lf35l ft RkhI ftt aifll^ "ft 3l1ft51 753^531 75^15 ftf, 5i5ci ftl a-elft 33^ 5lft5 'ftl '3711715 'Tft 513 31137551 5ft 55II51 '37Tft ^713131 ■ftl 1^7 753531 511 515715 517 1^ 51I 553ft ft 17ft 31IVR “TT 37^ 5lft5 ftl 5T73t5 l575f57I1315 I5ft551 53 15151 5ft1ft ITlft aiftftf 53 3357551155’53 f575f5?lT3f5t57 ■5351 511 51 757'5t5 ^ 151 'fttuft ft ftt55’17 aiftftt ftl 755537t 53^ 53 Iftftft 151511

■'SftKciifc;'!!!’ 31017 '(TSir ^koIm THTftfft"ft •3'i«»ii (Achievements of the Moderates and their Contribution to Indian Politics)

3.10.

■57F.15I75I "511 73331317 3it7 7135tl3 "ft 'ftft

1. 55f5515t fttift '511 3155151—5117171 5lt -ilfoîT 3c533ft5 'iRRdHla'Hl ft 313551 55lft5T5t ftfl t885_ft ft517 1905 t 351 315ft ftlTT 5ft ftl 5331 '5 53^71 135t 71751 ■5ft' 55t ftt 'fe 7ll537113lt

I5I37I ■7T17n355lft 1905 i 351 53^71 51r«R^l 7R537 ftl RldoS fftlTit '55-31351315 511 513 Tftftt ft '511' '51 715lft ftl "511(51 ■55-313^315 1920 5 53751, '371 7155 ■5Rl7ft35T 1ft5 ftl (tiWhi-'I 133151 IRf IftfftTl

K15 RnftftRiid 51;

717537 ■ft 35517 ft Tift, IftTlft 1857 t ft 7533131 715ft 5it Tlft^T '^531 tftlf 511 5531 -ft '5ft' 5ft ft 3^7 '51 ift-lftft fttft' 351 ft TfHftl ftl 315; -^Tl 7155

ftft ft 157T 7T55 717537 ft fqc*

50 ■

3^ ^ ■«tÂ % ^KU| ^-■Jll'K'JI <Til'+il ^ 3rH-1 'n^

*ni M^lriTT ■îft % ?KI '■^m. 'T'3;

2. [wfiyi TITO^ ^ ’tHtT ^ chi'^T—*IT^ nVl-fli, 'I'lOi^ TI^TT ®RT

H f-R-tR -Ji-iai % 3TR% 'hi^''i1 ^ siil^=ti '^ft1% ^ H'Î'+’KI (^'hi I-^M ^ W 'S^ ■=nR «?1. WTfT if ■f%«^mT TTSIT 3T--f5ft7I TF?r (Poverty and

Un-British Rule in India) I -s-^lA ?ITT *rRrI 'R (DrainTheory! RUiddl'^d'î yfcTnl’A^ f^TRli gifT ^'c^s RRcl 30,000,000 "'fe ^ 40,000,000 ''ffe *4=! yfiit^d TFT *TTTcT 'j^'jf^H gi-qî ■JliARIl"

'llo<A "T 3TR% sTF^ ‘ll'H'Jl) i tird?!^ <s-(^ NKal'y TWra ^ 77^ i ?¥ RTF 1RR77 ^—

"it , RF T^RT TTrÎ "t f^ yr^'r «(iCT=t)•R?n yr4=fi ■'R^ 'i ^ ^ RTR % 3I*M nllsn ^1 Mualy ii'iRaiT ^ Hlft?! yiRfRl RPrft^ %

sffT Ti^ TTrRTlIf ^ ^ WR- 3TW 3<(sfll<(Hl'K'JI

^ TTfW Rife SidlRHI Rfll 1907 i %TTTRiR

•^’ Tt t i' %Tft^

TOTTR Î^FK f^RTT RTTRT Î fflfiVI ii'iR'î TT^ 'Syf-i'^Vl "i TF% ST^ cTfR n-tRcrai ^ tl. .TT«T TTTTTT i' mR -RTR t TSf^ % 401^+ "Rfr -gT^ % cTlTFlf^

Rl'il<k R^ RRI4 RTT^—^JT^'FT, ’^’T 3^ <a=ri(n stSRiT RR rItT RRf ^ RFTRTR % T^ ■t—TTTTTT R RTH ^ ^ Rl^ R^, 1?lftTR 3ltT TIIR^riicÎ ii‘ii<=f)l BRRRT '^(fyrql 'i iJ«TRr

Tm RHRT FTI . '

3flT ariTTR

-+l'i)y RF^ RFRT 3T^ Rt-fcTi Rthl affT %T '^l r-fI-I RTFRTfR yifew, sRieiii, TTT^rfe ark rtIrkF^ TfrsnaTf rrt^r f^rtt ritrIr)' 1^ r1

. ’JPiRTT 3^ #R -4' R*R 97^ RRRT ^ 37fyRRTf RTI RTR RTIi % 3TfR%Rf, 31^T-R^ i' UR^ dl #Rf RT)

3.

Tq?lTRRRhkI?! 3lftT RRTR % ^RR ^TI RR RRTTRT^ '^RI3i % RTRR 7HRIR1

Î'fliiRi'n 1^5T1 RTRf ltl RTRTR: Si«t*< MHI4 % tnol "fe aqif^Tf^qli' Rif ^TTflTSsffR RTIFRFTT7 TiSn^ RIT% % «l|eiM}<4 fTT ^TH ^ §i<t)H Pî RTF ««ndl ^ 'fe <i-€l^ H'cly % RRTTRR Imij, 377*3RHRtR VlRw 3ffT 3RR TTTÎRt Ril "sraTSIT '^1

T^TTTTn affrTRTR Rft RTR Rftl RR TTRR TTTRRT

RR RRR RTF RcT TFT SRI R#TT RTf WIRRT ^ lg57 i RRR % RSIR TRiFRRT TTR^^ RTF g?-q<ni SRI RFRTR, R1 flffer TTTRnT RR RRR ''^ RTF RTRt TFTI RTl^ Rii-i 3flT TTT^

3TRR7 RRRRnrt RTTJR RRIRl RTT "RRR RTTR % tvP^ yirlPlvîrH=t> '^TSRsff sftT 3T^Rr srfilRR^ RSR sflRfR^fTTRi TRTR Ri) RTTRT R^ TTTFTT RR RR^ RTl RR% FR RR4 ^ finjâ ^ ^ RfR-'^jtTRRR • ^3TT ^ftr TT^RTR Rft RRfR ^1 tngM 'ftTF ^ “RTTf^RRT RR^ TF^PTf^ R^ yfaîiaii, ■RTR RtfR, 3T1^RR ^ STfR^ f’T^T^fR % RTR^ RR TT^TR RI'K'*!, ti’flllffl'T f^^, RTTRfRf RT) R=hdl % TJR "i 3TTR3 R=Ti RSR FR^ TRRT^ TT^fRRT R>^ RIRRI RR fRRW RT^ RifRR Rft^ 1rRT ■sRl"

4. <i«»il«4 RTFITRT asldTt if TTFTRR*—RFTTRTf^ R 'HKfllRl % 1905 RRT37RR> srfyRiT^ R^ "RTR Rfll 1906 "f- "i

(5) -RTR % «nTRlR T^R^RRT TTR^ % ivnj; STTSITT ^RTT RTRT-RFTftr RRlTRTf^' ^ 1885 ■^RiT 1905 RR R5^ 3TIîRTR R^ fRiRT RRffR "FTT ^RR RftftstfRRT "^rff sff RSTlfR RF RTRRT hs'ii ■fe S-fIA r«r<i<i TTTRRT RR^ R^ Rift TT^tR RTRjfR RRFR

TTT^ RF^R Wt^ RR Rk RRR SFI FTI R fRTFRT. 1905 k RRTTTT k %TRiT^Ri 3TfR^?P ‘fmci R>t 3T^^RT R '^3TTI îWc^ % 3TR^ RSR^jtR *iiRiR k RIFT:

" RTsfR i ’7TTR k Sf^Rlt TFR Rif RRli Rft "RR^TR RltiRI^ Rft sftT k RTTrftRf RI TTTR 3ftT RTIRtR R^Sff RR-TR RRIR RIT^ Til" RtlR^ R RTFT1^ RIR cM Rlt F^ft RTF 3mif^ i%RI

Rlt Rit RTIrRR^ RETrRI STftlRRTf % -feR; afk Tm-TIRR RT Rit RTRFT

•Hi{(il^ </'nt?/()=fi /iTRITRi' 51

3IPTT t ^ ^ ^3^>R we^lVl ^ 3fR|Tr ^ -wPflH IH'WK î

«RI^ Tf3I fit 31^ =h^'ii criWlsa ^ % ^87 ■feFft «ftTimnfF^

«hM^ W silgwhit—qnK« 3Tf^^?i-i ■^' ehlilW % ’>iW^ ^ ^^ ^ y^tl'i qi<n) ^âff afl^ tcf^ ^ (qcnfqal ^

^ ftfsP l^qi qqll^% “??T^ "îqiivnl’ 3TIt s'im«hi ^ <slTw^^1 §«iq)i

q'liw % hRiPiR^ |3 ^Ni yr fq?lq ^ '•‘iloc^ Pq^îl ^^3Tf % qfVWK?IW "Sil MtiVl sftr cfit^ iITTT qi«»il ^ T?% yr few 'flin VIlfWHT

WT ■*!?■ 13|W «*^qVH tHitn 't'l" ^ ■aPqa 7T^ yql'i Rhk, ^ WWW +i=t>!i ^ WTsrr 'feft wîî

% 3Try^?nT WFT, “i^^?nTfef -fMf ft ti -^TF yw^ ^ afk Tfn? t fe fewr i\ fet ^ i\

t' afiT TW^T ^ crt

oR^q-iKti airqW

fiRqa W'T ^ aw^ aTFW^ ww '331 " <j'eiAoHiqeiR=t) % Rnk. T^TWTW asil'i WT a^ "3^ aiT^Piqi W'T yT Iq^l'^ WT

feui(6) 1892 aftr 1909 f. % ■^WT''Wftrfera (Reform Acts of 1892 and 1909)-wt^

cI^TpM 1892 i. 1%feT.tra^ ^ T3W arfeWT wfe few Wt fe 186I fe arflrfewT sit^ ârr *ni wife aifirfem ^ 'W^fe 3^ ■gl afe ^3^

^ WT ^ feWt WRf T^l ^ WTqicT Ihc^ I cii^ hi!?T ^ anqil apqti "Hfe ywfef ?fet 1909 '^' 'l^fel.'^^ % "SRI "CW arfyfer*?Wftrl =h<.qi fen fe fe 1892 fe aiftjfew awt *TTI s'^Kqilsq'i ^ Wit d't<n!«I*jf fe '^wRlW y'lRt aik WW Wl qr^n q<eiqtl

% feWT yqi^l % W/

WW aik WW «irqqcRvT

3.11 ^KiVi (Summary)

fl'^qi^ % Wl*fe '5 3Tlwfe3 ^ «5n1q =hi4qiflf 3TTfe^ WT WW ] 5 aWW 1872 ■?. w) wwwrn â^ri

fair ^1 ^ T^wtiT few^' feRWftW3W^q^fl Wfefe % O'qilRiqi, eiHiPnqi, anf^fe fqqn,, wpf feww ’it 'fftfew^ "QW tl

Mexqiqii

‘^f^’idP^dW’ Tffe WT feSH f fe^ ■sfe aw% feWT WT 3Trtm WTTWI Hiiq k.q’Oi W1 3TT^ (The Ideal of Human Unity) ^ TWIT anfe^ ^ "^l^fera ■^Wt % STJ^"*'^ qi<:<iq ■’t ■'33’ oqfqti ^ "ferwi ’Jl, q^Hi-i,’ifew "qr ■'ijn aTpsiWR i afe -33^ ^'IhO' ■'lilt tl ”1885 1906 ■^. 3W Wife ■'jfew 33RWfeTt' % W*T '4' ^ffl '33RWfefl' ■^' "51^ '^Tl 'llmd '

-iltfe sî

ST^^THT "Slfe (Exercise Questions)

arrfe^ ^ TpsRtffe pqqK'l % amwfew aiNR wu ^? anfe3 % yi^tg TT'jRtffer PqqiO WT dtrc^ta wtl 3TTfe^ % <,i«qis, % fen WT #3 WJI *71?‘il<3C^ Wt TfefeW PqqKqKl % yô 3TTUR WIl ^7 ‘il<a<^ (a^Kqif^ql) % Wife TT«Rtf3 Ufel3 WT wfn wtl

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

52 RTTife /^WTW

rvUnitÎV

TifTOT ’nr#(Mahatma Gandhi and Ambedkar)

-* .' * *r* >

4.1 Mwiiecii (Introduction)

4.2 (Objectives)4.3 ^.-q-iii^ (Important works)

4.4 3TIVK (Moral Basis of Gandhian Philosophy)

4.5 ■?!Rf?T (Summay)

• '3?^ (Exercise Questions)

4.1. (Introduction)

ycHiusl tRI ^ Hîrel ^ ^FT 2 31^^, 1869 ^(IpITRl) 8^^l d'l'M ^ nlei'kiy si'i’ fRTT ^ ’Tfyt R-wiwa ^^NiH ^ sfk ■'TTflT ;jaQil'!(i§ fq’îd ^ hFscti I '’TT^ %■TO TTi "F 'n?TT 'TOTTi ■7=T% fTO % *ft wrq=;i<0, ^ •aftt ■roi ^ % ^>TT®r

^ 57^1 STT^TTTOR ^ ^ ^ ^ 3T9^ TOT-'fTO qqwf ^ ^■srfHR q-11-) ^ "SniRT fqiQ.,

■^ ■'Ttt^r^ ■% ■JTTUft^ 'Sf^TT RdWiI "TO 3TT^ "HRl '5^ Ml ‘tlf 3R^n7^-lTO7 ^ 777*7 O'jjqilc giêq^pi '4 ^ 'HTT stIt ^ ] 887 'C ^ Aljqi ^ Hi<i■3i)i 13 ^ 371^ "STOT [qqie T33> "hihiO ‘ilviq>ti«7■FTTI 7^ 'TO^ ^ ■K^'Hiq•tgi^ T^tro % ■97TOI, 7ft ■7Tf»ft ^ ft ■snft t#i TOft 777377 ■% -^rr fihft "ft) ■=7 ft) ft ftr •RHTT -qfr^ ft 1)3;, ■ftfftR 377]^ ■ftft ^*7 ft

33^ WmPdft' % t7T27 ■q^ TOl ft^ "ftt '^1^7 ft 'Sftlft 'IWH'K ■ftfftsT ft' ■qftr fftqi ft) tot "qr ftftft) "q^ ar^ 'to)' rtot *771 ?t7i^ 'sftfft "q^ ft sftt ft)

■qT^T ■qrft ft 'ftrft 'ftftro 'tttt aftr toT 1888 'ft I89i ftqr "fti 'TOT "qr ft) ftrw qrqr •grft ft ftroft -^tot) ■qrro tjgr -ftr -gfft ft -roft) qro ftti fH -gift ft qqi^ ft qfft) 'ft ft ■ftro ft qift) ■?TTra, ■qift sfft sftiTT ■ft) q ■^ ft) ■qftw ft)i ft' q^ ft ftiro ■ftft ■ft ft) qr^ q^?7tPrft gn TOTqr ■^tot qî ■tot ■qr ■3ft ■qr ft) q|q ■to ■ttto) fti qft qr ■^ ■q^ toh *771 TOifq qrqq ft fro; ftft ft tft^ft) ■ft ft ftr ■qt' ftiftq ■sro) ft) ■ftft) sttto ft) stttot ■^ aiftl

aift HiittHan 1ftq7 «7ii ■jqft -qTTn-^fftn ■ftft ft ft) 13:41 ftftr

qrTOft ■ft) ^sft) qrftt) qr^ ft ft) ■ft) cMsftI ftl ■qqft TrqHiq ■Hlft ft ■ft aTrftTOT qîfqd fftqil 3Tq^

vrftq ftfftr |qq/<«f! 53

nfif) T^' ^rMcil ^ f^di R*)! 3^ 'fiiHi'^ -fllq-i 'siH TTi^ ] §9] .■^_ ■^‘ ■'iâji«iror ^ ■3iii3;i

wre37^Sî

sfnil ^1 crlfî -HKnl*! ‘'ti'i-jn sfk 3KIHcft ■JTR ^ ■^^l §«4> ^ ^ STT^ % ^îq ■'7T =hT^ ^ •STHTTI^ qiq^

T# afk ^rfro TR^pfe 3tt ’iî ^ sn^ ■'r ’Tftft ^^ ^ ^ ^ ■Sira 137TI ■nmt ■^ft

■3ft ft RRtT arrar *TII 5«Rn'< aiqft qqiicTd■^1 ^ *ft ^ '?R -ftft ft ft 3T^?IT TJiraST^RT ^ BTR "rara 1893 ft' ■iHlh|=t)l tHÎ ]893 ft 'SRR '31^ ij4.<RI BSTITTf»ft 3r^ T337 efft ftr nri ft BftRi ^ -qr ■# brr ^ ■=ft% ^20 ^ rai Tfti qpft 3ft ft ^FT ■’R Rift? qft fttift (Policy of Apartheid) ■ft' ftSBra qciNil ft ^ ^ ftB ftt Rl^l ■'R raft' ftlRn=t) TTralfrar ^ fftRM ^3TI f^ft RRTITIF ra rar 'fî qfftt 3ft ft si^ftBr ft TraR RRcftq ■^ ■raifftqsR ft WFqo ^Rft îft ftBB ■fftwH rri 1ftB

ftfe■sRiqi^

qRlft ft?RnrasrrftlBqRfqraF

^ ftt ^^qiqil arqftqiT ft TFFR ■qiVl 3ft ft qRcftft) "'R "ft Tft <nrqiqn fti ‘raif■ftft "3^ ■RWq qST F3lf fs'niqil 3iq qftft ■3ft STiraRT ft ■pF 3Tq ■aiinlqii ft" qRftft 3ftra '^ftw ^ ft ft qiRtti RRcI ftr BB qft 3ftT 9 3ngft, 1915 qft '*1^1

1915 ft' W 3ITBT qfftl 3ft ft TI^ Wd5ldl ‘ftUTR qft 'RraiBll RIBI ft' fTPft 3ft qft"'HKd'jq'Wd'iHdl ftUTO BT ftft" BFT qÎI 'ftft 3ft ft RITTSI ^VR qT %IsfB ^ ftBB 3TRq qR 'ftqTI ■^ftlft, 'HKa ■qft 'Trraftftq) RqBuftt ■q^ •^'41 'Rift tbIi ft '^rb ft—ft ■ftiqft ft 'raft rf qq-i ■ft fftqr BiftFBFq^^'RiBtraqrraqft R3iftfftqr qfrfftft! qr arqft qq 3iTf^_R^ qftft qsn ^ ft ^'0 ft qiFft ft qFft ftB qft rafttfra) ■qftftsftftft qq ■'jit quqqn ftqi ■qiFft fti

1914 -ft 3fq 3I8RI ■fft?q^ ^ ■ft fqq sq. ft ftft 3it ft a#ft -qq RRftq -ftft qr 3ft7 iftqT. qftfft qiftr ft qfft 3ft stftft ftt ■^qqfirqqr ft" ftraiR qRft fti ftfftR 3r?ft ft qfft ■ft ft siqft 'jb qq 3TFRIR ft ■qqi ftr ■ft ■R^tq sqftBR ft'q3i^ ■qqft "ft ■^PT TjT^l 1917 ft ■qfft ft ft fqeK ft

ftft q?7 % ftft ft ftft qirft qft r35^ ft qfttq ft ■311 Rfti ■qF "qfft ft ■qq qqq 'RBiniF snftBq rd FRft ft qqi ■3ftB *R Iftii 1918 ft 3ftft sTFR^Riq ft ■'^qi^ qqift ft ■(rb ft qqq qft Rft qqfftftf ft ■?Bi ^tqrft ft ■qqiR fftiri fr 1919 ft 3ra sftft FRqqr rrf ft qpr ■^r■fftlT eft ■qfft ft ■qq qq qâ '5:ft 3ft qfft ft ■RRITIIF snqfBq ■BBft 'fftfq Rrtqil ■ftu I^qj ft q)idl ■'nTjî qiFT 'W sft 3iqF-crqF ^t'^lcid ■^JB ft B^l 3if RRftq 'jejy ft 'BR ft "iRriqTqicii qiq (3RJcRR)ft nqjfqd ^ ft 3IBRT ^RR ■ft ‘ftfBqf "qftiqRFRft ■qfft ft ft 3Tcftiq> ■gaqi fr FraqqF ft fift ■fftra FR ftra ftft ft ft qqrgq>< •gift ftB -ft ft3i TRni

qiqRB

ftRBUTIF qwiqi «<«♦)!<Rq^BFi ft qfft ft ft iR ft ■Jiftq snftBR

•wq'm qxi'Hi

■ftB ft ^ft qr qfft ft ft ftftft sTBiiBRi^ ft iBBra ft 1920 ft' qcfT SifftftBq ft STRFftq ^ ■SRFiq qiR iftq ■aft 3fR ft RRFftq aqftRq FR -Iftni ftft ft ft RRftft qft ftftft qq ■fftftt ft rRF ■RFftq B qRft qft SpftB qfti ftft ft FR snftfBq qft SrfFRTeRqi BR ■^ 'BIFftft, ftfqrq 1922 ft ■qrar ft fFRRqqr qqftqift -ft -Bq ft ■qfft ft ■ft fr fftr sik ftft ft ft RF 3qftBq ftqR ft ■fftqTi FRft ftft ft ft qq "flft ft Tiftq ftnin ft 1131^3 raift ■% qqiR ■gBqR^ffti FRft^ qiq "ftift ft ft 1930 ft ■Rfftq 37qqi rafttBq bbtri sfk'e aft^, 1930 ft ftft ■qrar qR% ■qqqr qqip ftq fqrai 7 (rfirt i93i ft qfft ft B^Fq qqsftR ft' rfi ftft qraq Bft •qq ftr "siq qfft ft ftqR aqq ft raftft Tiftq raftrai sqftBq ft ■qqigq qqift % iftq 3 3piftt, I932ft 'Rftqq aiRRi aqftBq ftqiR aqRsr qR ^1 fr îra qfft ft ft pRqdn fr iftn qqr qfk ■qfft ft ft 7 aftB, 1934 ft RF aqftBq RRra qR fftii FRft RK qfft ft ft 1942 ■ft "fftR ■fftra %

54. qyftq cuf-fl/rtw tqqira

^ ^ "f^ sffr 8 3PT^, 1942 ^ 3IF^t^ ^RT^ ^ "■^ "^n TRl” (Do or Die) ^ ^ ^5ira 1î 9 snroi, 1942 rt) RfMt ^^ fu^WK ^ #RT 3RHt ?T^ ^ qrtft ^ glTT^rTTH: STRt^TT ^ R rf^

^ RT^, ^ qrwM % ^ % 317^ 3TftTR> "fe^ '?T% sIR 3RR1: S^' RTRT<»><u RST)

Tn'tft -sfr ^ arrsTR w ^ '^fr ^ «n, rf 1947 ■^' 'rito ^ ^ ^rrt an nmi ^ w ■% îH'^ ft'Hl'JH ^ ttTflii "ScR-T ■gan ci( ^ wnt g:'^ g^l Îqn ai'^ F '<1I6^ RRF % f^RFSR ^ 'titH'ni nmi ^ "HIRlFlfn^ ^‘i-si ^ 7TRT % ■RrP^ nNt <^610 nfti^ ■'^ ■RTOT^rfiTRi ■RRTRl *ft T^l 30 'SR^, 1948 ^ nT*f) f^SRT^ 7n«f=TT-Wr Rlt 3^ '311 T# rf( Rc«J_TFr Rtg^ i 3lffe^. ^ -îifRi ^ iMFrm qR ift aik ^rnnrt) ^ 'tfi •^Kt % ^ lir ■>ik ■=[ wm^,felj 7F 377^ 'Titft ^ ^ îraFlft^ 377^ gnm ^ ^ 'cRF -fl'lH'iiTt tl

7J?7{*77 nTV)’ftl^<?aiia

’Tte

HKqiT aiqii '•^=n F?fF "FRlt

4.2. (Objectives)

SlKqFT ■#! 31«7R=I % -aw feirMf ^• HSKHI ^»4) TRpfffiRl ■fl^ ^ ^1

• mvi ^ <.i’Ji'ilfq<Ti (q'qK'l qil =B7^ ^1

• 3Tx444.i % RRcftn ■RR131 irg TTSpftfn ^ ^

4.3. m^tÎûI T«Rnf (Important Works)

qtif'H nfiff 3ft ■'^^, 377^,'57^, FfN> F*7I Hi'ftl fqqK'hT ^ "cRF 5h*7q^1^7777 afR IH’flft'* f^RR "qt Mq>Ki Sld^ ^7^ '’RST fR^. rllî '3^^ 3RtrT ■%

ym'*| 3ft •sn^^rfr^ '^TR "^Rgcl fenr, FTT^ ^ fq-nthl ^ ^ RFR t'l a-^l-^ % t(i*iif^«t>, aTlfef^,

’mPfcb ^ ■'C73H'l(d=f) ^ ^ 3jt [i^xiK 7R7F 13)^, 7^ [q-c(i<4Ki ^ 4^ 137^ 4lVtoiR % RPT^3737 ■^37777 f) 'aft % 1^ Tfiqt^ ^^TTt ■% aifwrq F577T 1^*77 'nfMt 3ft ij^ •fltq-l WT ^

■#3r -R' Rtf Til 3^ arfi^Ti ■% -Rt^rt ^ 3ft fernR %47. ^ tm trrfiF •#> ttrr iTii 3ni wti■Rvt ■3ft % a^R (y^ml qRîd F^ RiRfîRaF T^maft ^ tttri iRi i-

1. Indian Case for Swarajya (1932)2. The Story of My Experiments with Truth (1940)3. Satyagraha (1935)4. Economics and Khadi (1949)5- The Science of Satyagraha (1957)6. Hind Swaraj and Indian Home Rule (1958)7. Trusteeship (1960)

F=7% STfRfw nf^ .3ft i 'Truth is God’, ’Basic Education’, ’Ethical Religion', 377fF T^lRTTi Rt IRr^'i 3ft •% gisq ft75,ldt, R-dcql' sftl inM ^ 'Fc^ "gT^ 'FR 'FFFft '57^75 TF37-'My Experiments with Truth' fq^cii il fF T^F73i ^ ■«RiRqo Fl^ft 3|t ^ 377i fqqi<) ■577 TTRriFF 'Fft3R, ■Rq ^fsql, "fR^R "^qcti, 'fR^R 'F^, FR qldF STlft Hfqqii-Mli "if 'ft (^411

Trfijt ^ (Inspirations of Gandhi Ji) .HWirHi

3TW^

^ % (q-qR HRa)q 'H’^raT % yiql^ ST^’T Iqgi-il’ % PqqK'i ^ ■’J'TF’T ^^ I'l «iq)7 FqqKqKi ^ tiinlfaqi 'qiiJainl ''ft 3^^ iTrff ciqi oqfqqqT ^ TI’tR

■^' ^ ■3Tr

fqqiO 13;^ fq-fli % "5^ Pi*qfnRaa "f-^1 ■’Tltit 'HKolq TT®7cI7 ^ wfqila ^ 'q>6ii 'f i "S'-ich<Hq>qi

1. q»/<q»/?eh «*f/ef (Influence of theFamily)~'’^\^ ^ P^’^KNUI 'RT tTTflT-ft^^ ViWqi y^Pqql ^ ‘S’lra 'T^l ''Tfyt ^ yRqR ^<Rqi'Ci P^R^ tqv^lW *?TI

ft?n ^ W? ^ ^ ^ ^ ■3^ in'

^ W-f??TT % m'kJÎn ^ ^TT^-''Tr^ '^ Rfift 'sft ^ s^Tfelc^ 3^^ ^ ^ ^ R^l■3^% 3T^ îjqt-'rf^, ^hi-i^kI, ^ Pi?q^, Sift'tii, Hplyqin, tKraR STTft IpT yRqn %

^ ■n^l Tl-qra ■^f! wl4iR^ 'p, 'Rflft ^ i t % “'^f 11^ 3Tq^ tTTm-lRrn .^ p TR^ "Rt ■gcT^ ^ THim ^Rtrr w |î"

2. Hif4eh J/w<? (Influence ofReUgion)~W^ sIt^RT ^ i(iWq> 'y^P^4f

surfer 3^ Tâi^' ^ ^ ■'Tt^ ^3it ti 3^ ■{NHiPd ^ ^ •

, 3«qil q)K'J| 3^? lit ^ ^ 'Sr’ira 3Ht f I 33% fq-fli Rt ftnt ^nf. ■%5: tpf ^ ^T trf 3iT 3Tr%tT3r W3 3311

qifliq<î

(of?) spf ^ ir>77^ (Influence of Hindu Religion)—^ % [qqiPl 3tTraffMgr 3313 34 3iT 3^1 33%t 1%3R3m %( 4^31 3 3FT3R3 4 S^r^ftTRi 33lf%T i%3TI33f33^ % 33T3 % 3333 3Wt ^ 4 fVioi "t 1%,134 4?ft 3iqii [qqifea qil^.y, ^ 13 ^TO 3n l-JS 3351 3% afk 13 ^:TI -4 ■gf%I I3?n4 4 l^ 33ft3 34:i 4tn % 3313 ^ 343?TT 334p 3f% ■% 4 fc33r ^-“33 '54 3^ 34 ■pi 4t "Iwr 3iif 3^' %4 % i4 333\ffrai -4' T3t33I 13% 1%3t 3343i ^;'ia 34 'p 334 3il 13i3 3i3n ai3I3i sfrt% 33ff'll'-4^ ft«3 3 3Tft3f^ Ti4 33 313 %? 333\-nkT 34 -it'll ” -RT^4 ■^, 444. V4 33% 33 3T3 -ntlT -^3 l3i3r 'll 4t3T 33 ‘3i4 33 -(3^’ 3ivt % ■5ft31 ^ 333?f 33T TIT afk"nfvt ■% 4 "pi qi4qV?i ^Thîi ^dl^lTd P-iqiqil

() 9tniH «rrf ^ 7*773' (Influence oflalam)-'^^ 3ft "qr 34 '3ft jtflqi|«1IH

‘^33’ 33 313 3373 '3^1 3f3t 3ft 57^ %t ^TflT 3 aif^ 33 'Sltli 3734 4l -3333 ■f4?373 371% 5^3773 34 picTT ^ 337337 3ft 3T337 34 3PT 437 11 '4

■4 3t4 4l 41^3773 v4 33 3T4 -^TTPI, 33T

§«1IH 34 % '57343' 4tl^3 34 337373, 337 'f33t3 3734 4l 33% ‘ ' 33IT p7=ft3 371

(3) ^^«74W7*773'(In/IwereceofCftrisfimfy;-3Nt ■37t4^ 3433!7f35P!T ’ ■q^ a^T 4'^33ll% 377^3 '37^' %f3^'4 333f43i 337f33 pi 33 IT‘37^’

4i qf373: 3733-373 4 354, 37qt 3lt'’ 33 '313 3373 3^1 3%14 ‘37f337' 34 ^37^ 34 ^34 itcH37171 33 3T tTTTf' 34 % 37=3 TPSi ‘TTT373 37f3 "4 ^nini’ 35T 4t 31T? 3373 3^1 4t 4t37% T73R -31x3 'f^l -qflft 3ft 4 '37171 % “'iftt 5^ 4t37 4 3i4c7 '^TT 'f^ ITI^ ^4 4

4 4t4T3 4t 37733 37^ 37#77” 1=1(4 •4t3q3TiT7'p335 471^ i4?rra'%t354t lit *^-“34

t

343-4md'Jd

56 •</«7?q il'^-ilfh’Ti /qq«ch

t, -3^ 1%^ -jq wsEfqT JE -m ■m»Jt -sff qr »=T^f qq ^ q?Tr Twra wi3. fz4-a<*>l W ITSTT^ (Influence of Various Thinkers)—^ qr 3?^

rci^K4>T qq q?n qqiq qî -3^ 1^ q^ R-îk+T ^ qqrRcr i^, t-cild^N, Tftqn, iqfl 82^1 Tftqrq, qt^ crm t?raqr qq qqra srfqqr qî

(eR ) qffq </?<»)•» q5T JT*T7^ (Influence of John Ruskin)-"^ qfqt qff qfT 7R^ q^ yR* ^wi'h ’Unto The Last' q^f W ^?qqr ^ «»HiRn ?^qiT

^qqq ^proqt qiqr ai^qis fq^qr sSt qqqq qiq ‘nq?^’ tîti qi^ft qft ^ fViyiRTm qffi

^^KHI

qqq 'F^cn't arqfq^ % q^ ■^' "qqqq qqnI. qf 3TTf«fqr ^1q>oi ^1

II. qqrtqr qq qqq qf qi^ % qqq qft qtF wt q?^ qq t a^qfci, qrf ^ aqqft■nl^ftRcM qqrr^ qq yHH •srfqqqt ^1 31^: qHt qq •*ilqH ^qi •qireij.!

III. qq qftqq ^ qRqfqqi qffqq ■^tn î R«h 3^ qq ^ftqq ^ q^

nqqq«5qt*q

ti3t1%!^ qtift # tftqqr ■# qqrf^ '^tq^T ^ qft srâq îftq qt 3tfiTqT q^ iî

qrqqtq qRn q sqfrqqr q^ qi^ qqi trsHtfq ^ q?^ 1î '5^ qt? qfqf qft q^ tftqqr qq q^ q*nq qî

(W) dTHwry W WT^ (Influence of Tolstoy.)—‘imT-jfl q^ iTcit^R qft7qq73^'-'Gospel in-Brief, 'What to Do' q*?! 'The Kingdom of God is within you' qq T*77qt qqiq qî ft qWt qft % qiq^^ft qft ^ feqn Ff^ qmt qft ^ qftqq qqfq^, 3ifF?TT qq qq q ^fqqrqr qq 3TTq?f qqr sqq^f qiqq ^ qrft' qtT^'i ?q% ^qqq qt ^qftft ft fs'e?! qrqftf qq hRmmi fqiqi sftr qftqqqt sTirR^jf^, qiqqt, qr^ aftqq, qifR qq qqr

ft qq qr^ 1%qTi % qqiq qft 44l*k qq[ft ^ qiftt "ftt ft qTF t-“ft9qt qq TFsq ?qq ft î qft qiF "^tqft qn3ftft ftr q^ qftt fqftqn qrf qq ■gft uRo^m ftt fqqq ftt 3qft f'l FT 3?ftqT qft q^ qt ftft ftftT % q% 9^13fR 3ftFn % qfft sftftqqiq (srqsr) qft qrqqr q# M

3fR fqq ftft qrf qwT qfti qqqq ftt fttqq f qft qqiq q^, q^ qrf q^' qqqiTi” ft ftrqqr ftlcTTftfq ft qfftt qft % qftqq qftq f sTrqfqqr qqi^ tiî

(■q) «/)<) W WfW (Influence of David Thoreau)—'^^ q^ 3?ftftq>qaqrqqKTTqTftt ftqft «ftrft qq ftt qqra tfi !908 ft' sraftqq qft qiq? ftcT ft' qi'ftt qft ft aftrft qft qlfts 'Essay on Civil Disobedience'qftt aftt Fft "S^Tiqr ft ftfftr ft^qTT *iKa ft 1930 ft ‘■qfqqq Siqur 37F<t<rH' qcril'ml Fft ^«t=t> % sqqR F qfftt qft ft Tiqq qft y'tiRi q ^rftf qft '>m<gq| qfti FT tiwqr % snqrr qr qfftt ftt ft TTTqqt ftr Iqrftt ftt srftlftq? qq^ qft ftr^ qr q?T fqqn

(q^) /rirtefc w (Influence ofrilak)—'^^vK^ qfftt qft tftcTqr qft 3iqqT Tiqpft^rqr ■35 qnft fti fftvTqr qft qqfftqqft ftm fti ftfqrq qtftf % iqqrft ft qFT srr «ni Frftr qrq^ ftt ■qf’ft qft fci^ % Iqqrft ft qqif^ qfftt qft % qqftftt, tftf^.ftfftftq (PassiveResistance) 37ifft 'Rqrft q^ fftcTqr qft qq ^ q^nq fti qfftt ftt 'SRT qi^ sroFftn sq^t^

«154'q

^TsT

1. wc^iye «n? ^ ^ ^ ^r^iug -qiniHi?%r

/V.

2. 'TRcl 3ir^f?PT ^'W?

58 *?Rrf?^ (MiHnTi /q^««r3

Tjfyf 1^'(Non-cooperation) 3?^ î-{l<rii (Civil Disobedience Movement) 'TT 1cfeT^^ ft ti 3iT<lc=Ffi' ^ ■^rnft wi 'firar ^^rra'^ft«Ttif?Tm^ tci^ ^ ^ ft ^ft ■ft ■'Tt ■ft ■^ If-qn. ‘fft ft ■% tf’J; ^ ^1

( T) ‘i)<3^ 9>r inJT^ (Influence ofGokhale)—'^'^ ft ^ ■g«rra ■qî •ntet^ ftf I ^3^ TRftfcRi tftn f ■^’in ftl 'il<a(^ ft fi ^ ff^ft f fft ■ft ft ■ff’ffl ff^l ‘il<3<n ft% ft ■fft ft f Tft^nr ^ fffsiWF ft ^5^ I^hicih ■ff Mic^h ■'rt, nWHi-ntTPR ft fRF. fwf frr ■ft rit?, ■ffpjf ■f' 3FT ti=t)ai ^Tfl ■'It ftt WIT f ■^^^^raTftnt^'Tffnft'f^'f ?ici Ti^^t ftf^' fHt ■'tt ^51^ ttTi^ ti” frr^sranfnfgf ^ ft f ft ft ■qr ■ff^ ■qî ■^TTf ■g^nffr ft^ ft ■fft ft f iNHlfd w■| sftr TTwff ft ■ff^rar -qr -fk -ffn ti

|T? flT^ ■î^ ■'jfT Tt^cIT ■f if ■fft ■ft f tftR ■ft ■'nRcdRcfi qmimui, ^nff^ ^[Wf, 'HKal<<^ fffft îfffff ff^rrft f ■q^ffci tfqi f 1 ^33 ■qr viffqr ■jpff ^ Tifff?? ■q’qi^ ■qî ?rn Tnvf ft ■qtfwT■q*ng f 'îK'Ji ft fft ■ft f ■îFT f ■ff TFjfttfiT ft ■q?^ tnlfqr îff? ffi yfffWrftfcT ■JJ^ f ■qif f TRH ^tl ?Tit "qT Tlfft ft f SiffTTT f ff^RT ^ STTf flm ^ 3ITVR qiNi! f3f 3tIar<'Ki flf TfTWT ft sff .5 '3TcI^ 'Unto The Last' ■q ft ■fft "ft ft ■«1^ 3lffR) ■qîffci ff'411 ?TT y=nK fft 'ffcR d'l ■f ^311 f sftt OT'q ft 3cm ft■qTTTPm f, fad'll ■^fff Rf ■qff «ni

■qjTqr mif

yiWsfi ipft % Tjqig % 4.|<u| ft ti fqffqr. TT^HtfcT ■qnht wi

4.4, frat ^ % ■^rte arrarr(Moral Basis of Gandhian Philosophy)

fft ■ft ^Rcfcil ■% T?^ 3^nt f I f TRTR f Tift Rf ■^ Ri^WT f I f iilqi '% ■'?q> Ti^ ^cni'wt f I aif flqi ■^fq ■qT yifl-i RTTcftq vffft 3«n 3TfqT fft ^ ftfft tfsTiqt ■qq ■qHR q^! •irafq 3ft^ ■if^ ‘mq’ (Ism)ft ■qr=ii qff ■tfqri fffq fft ft qqqq ^ ftm ftr^Tcff f ■q^n fqifqm *ITi ^rrfmj, fln=hai ft 3qf fqîo qq ■•^ 3WR ■f I ^ft 31MT qt a-i'M ff-ni ta^^l ^^311■fi 3qf qfq f ■5513 ftm sttvit fffffeci f—

1. ^ fciêtl'fl (Faith in God)—fft ■ft f^qitq ■ffr ■f ■'jTI ff?qm TTSf f. 3qqqq^^Hi ?ii 1f fqqr ■% 3ifcT ■fn ffqqTTT ft ^ ^\hi'I ■qt % tmi; ftq qnm ■f 1 f ■fq sur^qft ■q^HJ f ft TT^jjft f ■qqqj <4=hcll ^ll 3ftf q>fT f-'TRq f I ft fmj ^?qT TT^ 3ltT■fR f 1 f?qT ■fcmqr afr TiqiqR f 1 ^!f=n ■qqnTi 13;^ ftqq ■qq ftq f 1 q? Tiqf <j’h< afr fft ■ft f ft^ ^ q«iT ■qrq qff «iri qqf ar^rnr fqrmn f i ■qnft fwr 313^ ft ■m Tmft ti ^ ■^T ■qrg ■q ■qrft f ■fwiH ti qf f^n qff m Tiqmi ■qf q? ai^^q -dfr t. ■ft aiqf aqqft ai^qq qiTRft ti inff ffft ■qqm ^ qff ■ffm m Tiqm qf qqq: ■ftra fft ti ^ Tfrur ■ft ■sr^ ■qftqfqftcT qr^ f ■?ft tfrft aurra q urt 31^ ^ ft ■fqqra ti w ■?ifff f qiim ft ^ trir qq ■ffiqq ft 'wti q^ qrtfr 1q?q ■f ai^viim qqR inf ti ■RF^^ff ■^fqf'q qRcff ■!, fq q^ft t aik aqq^ qrcit t ^ ■Rftq qtt f?qT qq qm ffir ■m Tiqm f 1 ?iT TTRR f ^jc3 ^ ftq ftqq, ■^ f "fq TRR qqi afRiqqr f qfq qqiRi qmn f 1 aiq; ■frt Tiq?if STJTTR f?qT ft ■ftqq f. TTcR f, y'hi?! ■f. ■'W f aik Tlf^q f I f^RT ■qk TTRI f aifqftqq ^■f qft^ TTrnqfttaflrqft^t TiqRft’tl

5;

2. 77fS7 /gy^TFr (Faith in Truth)-'^ ’sff ^ m tl ^^ SPHTIM ^3ft^ 'SI#T fî -3^ 3Ttpft 3TTc*T^s^l ^ HR »fr 'My Experiments withTruth' i\ T?§T, '?TTt H5^ RR HH wf -SFl f^l Sl^ RcH ^ HHRTHfit 31=q tjTf tl •grH % I? Hfsft 'sft t-“fJtH^ Hff tl" HHHTT

*TT % -qft ^ ^ 3fR SRfTfl ■^''ll 3^1-^ 'Jilq-i artf^ RTh! RtH ^ ■ftHTI ^trH aftt Hfl

(Truth is God and God is Truth) tl

Hf HRHit HfhTHRHRl

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3. 3rt?i7r if /gygw (Faith in Non-Violence)-wS[ # t RWSFT stThr 3THHTHT tl ai'^ SrftHT % i^HT Ht 'Snf'H' tt wH’dl I d'-i'^STMftfT 5^1 d-l<^ STJHR 3Tf?^ -fllqi HH SHÎR fl 'fSjRHT % f^ tf

■3ft^ % ^ RRcT tl^ tl H 3Tj^ % HR Tf fyniT t-“t'm HHReTTOT t,. ^ tl t' RrH att Htl yilPdd tHT tl ^ HTH UHt.1 aife'tii RHi traht ti tjnJHHt utlH t Pi'>ri<nni Ht tl t a^HTHtl tR tl ttl m 3t^ 't tttli arltm Rit wth % iilt RRcfl ti 'gift' ^ yrfei t, ^ aifg'yi Hit ^ yifel tl aile'wi % f^ ttl taRtt Htl RHTtftl'' <ll'tl'tl ^ aifeVii HftRTfHH Hitt 11^ arffHI HTT art f^Rfl nt ?II^R=H H ng^qin tl 'Hf t, RH. «fHit t Rtitl Hi^ H HiRT tt attHT tl aiftHT -fllqi Ht qqit> ^ t HR=nt HHanHVHHi HHR tl IhHT RtH Hil infR Ht' tl ^Ritt att RcH % IhHI Hitl w w Rtl aff 3t^ % t??n ■jHTt.ti

4. «/«/ sAt (Ends and Means)—'A'$\ tl HR HRHT HT1% atr tTlfJH tltf tlHfHH Hlft^l 3Rt Ht ■mft % feR Hyra RTUH HR ITHIh HRTPI HttcT Ht' tl RHirlTI RrH HR tTFI tl ngsH ^ Te% HTIfH HHi t. tw tlHtF WH^%I HN afR t? t wt.tRT tlRM afR-RHHt tlHT'HTltRl”'3HHRHi^ mi% HH, ■Îh aflR si^HRt HHH % RHt nt yr^ ti ^hth % Ihht t^HT Hfl tnfRr ntl tl tihrU arnf^ air^RTHH % IhHT 3T^ yr^ hH tTTHT Ht iHiHT HfT RHiHIl

hPkiT

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5. mid »t^!h if fei^difi (Faith in Human Nature)-"^^ tl HR =h^HI sR InrHHjft HR yrt^ trrtl ti yc^qi ntHH 1fRHnr t afR h? Ht 'h^ tr tftRHitHi tl HH t H^nt tl^ 3Rf a^yn-yRH ^ h hfI tl hH tn t tlni hh ^^thrr ti ttlHi®|Rki H^Hi antHTfcHH) IHit t att arijqi îfHH HR SRWRRHHT yRHH tl ¥H tfHHi R-i+IWHR 3TTHR tl

6. tiTdiuB if fei^di^ (Faith in Satyagraha)—'^fd\ tl TJHr yfcHTUtl tl d'^'iH WHR yitRHH HHlR HTOT aqtiHR t Ht HKdIti % tH?;? 3#5ff tl TR-tH HHH % ftHT HIIHyrt HTH HRR t tl ?tl aryn t arTHtl tl citli ttl tl it ‘in yrfti’ nr 'anrH-yifti' tlHift tl WrHIilg anrH-tl^ HTSIH ^RT yRH tl tl Wt fttPH tcRiH HT Ityn HR tt ^«RH Htftl yRHnrt ynt tl tkr nt R?pr hrrr ti hi arngit t ^ ht itHH hph ti

tit HR 3RFH t, HRHt HR Hil! it aRTltlR (Non-Cooperation), yrftHH aiHfR (Cml disobedience), ftHTH (Fasting), I^HIcT (Strike) atH HTHt IRI HHiyT HHRT HTwHnn

tl«i=hai

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tqi41 *ft OTVR ■’TT TTR’JI ^ WlqiK quail qâ:'wiHif^qi fd^d 3T^’:TR'‘IT3?lf«fe ?r«n îq-ilfnqi ^^PT *ft ?(f*-MRia ^1 qualq 'Hl^tlR % 38 ^ "W

-qiq) “t^ «HiRiiqi onq^STI 'f, fqy4 <HiqiRj|q>, 3TTRf^ rT*TI <,tq-flfa=a tT^hr

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^1 M

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•ai*4s'h<, ftl ^ Hâft", fq?lqa: STWRrI ^ qf(ia

^ fdi^K 33tftT?n % ^ qciqei 'ft' aqui fq«ft ’PifttT cT«?I% a^Kqi ftl a-^l'-l

tjrf % iJqiqK qi5J'Jil ft "3^ ■'TOI "f^ *?II faciq* ^ P!^'TTJTft "q^ ti 3TfVw ^ ft- 3^-1^ •’snfti ?ftr ■qrftq? ■^ft T^ftî^d trmifiw -gr^qT,

ftfft-R^^'l, fqiôliy) ^ oqq^K ^ fq<?^ ch'SH fthlTI

^ *TT fftr yr4q> ^ sRft aftvqin %awi

3rrft yRn^s qrfft gftq ft?” ft- a'^l-l 113 ^nr faR^t "^ft ^^lq>K ^ 1î

a-?!^ ftft) ft qPÎa qgftftôqqt^ ^ o^sa Fftiqi, siî'ji) ^ jcin ft? ft. ^ Ipnftt- ft, ftpft- qft waft ft w?ift- ■qft •qftl ft- ^ ti "qF 1ft^ aiWHHdi ^ "fttcRT ti

a-ifti 3T^?TR ^ft-oqq^s^T 'P an^TiftcI yqiq î^hhi-ioi ^ qsiqi ftfTI tl 3TPJPi

^ gxjf-ozrg^ ^ 3fqftT ti oq^'psTT ft î^-.'qft "êiR t fT«n stpjpfi ■qft fttq'q ^ ^ ^ WIHdl ^HTIT ■q^ tl 3R; aTPJPraT-tft^lFT ^ qRcfftT '5^31 ft '^TT "1(^7 tt '^qFI ^-oijciwT qq arqr "shtî ai*fta=f.t f’q iftwft ■qt 'qfft % yniq ft' ^ni-iai qftt

tl iftt <til<''l SRR: "^-^ft vft '3)1 yRrqi'i ^ ■qfe «pf tqlqiK qit fftqi qil

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t %

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ft a-’idd qq ^5iiq Itqii FRT tl qtl, a-el^ ?jRftl qil ■q^ qqft qr ftl qqr Rqii^Wt'h

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r^'hd ■?STlPlcT3^

fT«^r 3T^; ,'3nf?igK wn ^ ■î tpf % ■S5:r %^ ^ 3T3^»^ %qTI -3^ ^ ^ ^ -sfr-^ 3T^^ ^ ^'fl

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y^K. TSR^ yqoil t|ljR 'Jllli‘11 ^■Tfwt ^ w<r î

^ yVifi) qfe^tjfl ^ 3i&i< vîqsjiRi ^| Trftnfp^^^r^ "^ff Wfcf'iifT'f) ^3Tf '^ ’STcTlTRff ^ «r?T ^ ti=h^ I^TT^ %T^ ^Tf^-'SI^ qWn *^l.

■f^^-TTlPfr ^ 8^r, ^ «mi(qq> ^ <iq-i1(flq> ^ cii*iiPqa % Slfil^R q'fqa■3^ 3t45^ ■# rI -Î 3^ 1924 ■^' 3TTgT*!t‘ %

^1 1927 3^ 3F^'■% %i -qfi^ -JM (^F^) %-Sf^Tm % ■3r5T%fel^ 500 3T^^'% STKfm'5>T %^l 1930 '^ 3^^l^'5rfn(f^q> 3ii'<{l<m 3n -^qfq fe’TTI

^ ^ d-el^ ef^ % ?*TO. 'tlcnA-q (iqq^, 1930) 'ff^RTf % ^ SItgn^ ^13FT -wfqqiK, Tir^nff ^ snww trai ^ '^ÎRT ■'R 3f'STT^R Wf^ni ^ WT ^1

^ 33 *n ',Rnfl ^ 3^ % 3RT) 3^W, '^F3 3 Vilq«i 33 17I3»R 'fli 3FRT'3RT3^' 3H1 ■333: 33 3i^ *ft ■g^s'mRTTIlftcT 3^‘WRI ^ RlFlf^3 *n3T3T3> 31T3R 37 ?=f 3R3T 33? WU 313 fl 331 33? ^ 33f% 3itf TFSp^3^ "t 373; T133?l33i, 3l?lmPi«ti 331 *inipH=M<. % 33317 37 3^ '^341 TUI 3371 33f 31? TWhSlRdi-I 33 TT^l ^ 3313 ^ ■% 3^ ■'J33> 3f3T3 ^ 31^1 ?71 3337 3R^T317 3fÎ3l % ‘TIFRT ■^S!^3i’ % 33 33 3^ fe31l ^ TFâj31^ 33^ 7T?33 3^' ^1 3333 33 31 3ir4qi 37337175131? 35?, 3^3 35R3fl7 33? 35? 3? 71FT1?^135 3 3131^13> 3TM7 37 '^151 3171 3373733,

337^3 33^3357 3^ '33lftl3371932) ■4f37<n7'4

RPlcll ^ 3^1 3517TRR 1946 "4 33353 TlftfcT 31%3^ ^ 3i*^s=ti<, 337^33 '3i? R???! 37 3R1

‘ slft oijfl i%7I33f7'3? 7131'

^ ^311 3»? ‘■'^ ÎTTf "3 713 357?' 3?? 3?1rT% 3Tg^ %3?? 313 37 yoqn: facilq 'il(n4'>l TF^RF (1717137, 193! ) 7183 ''^ 7135^ (1717137 13317 1^ '3371 7I7373I7( 1935 ^ 31771 717^ 3lftll333 5171 7113313 7131 % 3H3 ^ 337R1,^31 7131 3f 3177i?3 71(3313 yNl^d 3171^ •4‘ 713571 7#l

^R-aifesKT^ Tqfl'aflt 311 3F^5357 «\hi1^'Ti '=313 3I? 731331 ^ "3133

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Slf^^' 3)?

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351 311317 tlfl q)<qi 331713

2'ir?S357 13^ 33 1%?3 357^ '3f3cll-3lfV337f 33 3? 7FT*f3 1%3II '33% STJTIRy!Hir^<+) , 31lf8?^ 331 7133(1335 ^ 'A ■rIfFT^T?' % 733 ^ 31^ ^3313 33 31=3 1%3r '3TTT, cPK 7TF1lf33> '=313 3i? 7313=11 F?3(l

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66 3K^?3 •(.I'Jiilln'T) l33n^

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3rfl»»i(f 3*11 ’ftfir-Pi^'d't' rVi*inf ^4rnQ?t TPg % H'(<n ^1 33% y'Hn'f %^ % ■SfeiR 3T^ •gi^tlRf 3?r ^ffWT WT ^ 'Wl ■=ffM, TRlt

3*3 *ilyc^ 3ft ^3T3 ^M'flfn'ft «qflsirii ^flRlf^RT 3rt^1 3^^ nfidwT 3^t 3^ 3*3 '^Ritil 33 33R :33I3r ♦<*^“1 •sfl33 ^3pf3 f^^TI 333>t

■^3Tf 3 3W3R 3^ 3P33T ^ ^ 3^' 3R3 1R33T ?Rr (3WlW3) «IR3-Tc3 % li'lRch ^R3>R'^ «**iif*io I3RIT 33TI «Hl[^=h "^^FT 3?r33r 3Ft3’J’f t’l

. •'3<*J-S«f)< I

% 31^ 33^ [q'qu. 3*3 “tqglR'h 313313

4.5. Wf!?T (Summary)

• ^ 3ft % TFs^ ■S^riff ^1• 3T*ft 3ft % 3153R 3R3 ^?3T tl 3^

3T33t 33^131*3 ^ 313 *ft ‘My Experiments with Truth’ T^l• ‘73TR’ 33 srsi ‘•?3?1133' tl Tl*^ ail-<ldH % WT y-’^fdd 3? 71^ 3331-frjf3 3*3

WlUlddl 3ft Wl 3T 3^ ^ *31

HnqoT

3ft T3t3f 1^ 3733^^33 •silqi o4a"ld t3F3l Vs-^’l^3c3

• 3f333 tiH'jfl 33^53R (3131 +iif5q 33^S3>T) (1891-1956) 33^(337 3Rcft3 tl^ddlldd)

gns-jflql. 31333131^, 3l3Rft % Htftei 3*3 313lf3Ri ^33 % î3^?ftel 3r3T >ftl

• 3^^T3R 3ft 133KVR1 'SPRlWt 3Rlftl31 "FRlt % 3t3 »fVi« 71^-133331, '33133! 3*3 31^53«»Hifqn *ftl

iru%ftq-s^/P/ 3*3 37^, 3T07«Pr 3?^ 3^ 'nlqi 3/l3 (1992)

75 (3JJZ'^.). Wpjf 2F7 3773, 37*M (1993)

775 (3711^.) 3*77'773 (^37K). 3^7377 37V) ^ /337T (1994)

J77777 Cîf^), 3737 77733 tf.. ^.3771 ^«teW7 3373 337377 37*fr

777773 (q-Siiq^, 3373 <l'Jlllfh=h /qq«=ft; (1988)

333733777. 3/^ iMillh 3^ 77333 (2002)s

333P77 ('3777:173;,). ^ 37*^^3373; ^373 3^ (1922)

^ ('37737), 773(77 ^ 773^ 371^5377 (2005)

3T«Tm (Exercise Questions)1. 3i*ft % <,iq-lllctqi 37f3 % 3TTVlft 3itl

3i*ft % [qqiO

■Fftfl % ftlWHM 33 3^ 3ft'l

4. wiHlRiqi ^113 37 37^5317 % 331 ft3R If?5. ^R-aifWîlft '33 «qci5i(ii 37

^12. T^TTSI % 7^34 ft HeicHi oqi<sm

3. 3fTc31

33T f33R ft?

VTTWh? 77377/337 /33T7^ 7i7

27,7. TFl,

Unti^V

■*T.H. TR,

(M.N. Roy, Nehru, Lohia, Periyar

and J.P. Narayan)

^TT^RT (Structure)5.1 y«iiqn (Introduction)5.2 (Objectives)5.3 hR^'H (Life Sketch)5.4 (Important Works)5.5 tra % pq-o-1 (Evolution of Roy’s Philosophy)0.6 7P7 3flT (Roy and Marxism)5.7 4lRn=h Hi'iqfliqi'A ^ ftrsfcl (Theory of Radical Humanism)

5.8 ■fri'lfbd yjirn'^ '5ft a75iTRvn (Concept of Organised Democracy)5.9 715 '55 3TTcf[57Tr557 (Critical Evaluation of Roy)

5.10 ciWa5( % 1555 '4' 5*5 vilfeHl % f55R (Thought of Nehru and Lohiyaabout the Democracy)

5.11 3TftJT5T % 755^ '4' 47 fq-«(K (Thought of Periyar about i^mila)

5[tni5>r9T •iKi<4Vi

5.12 7ft55 '5R55 (Life Sketch)5.13 '55555?! iki'hui 5ft 7r3T^f55! f55TT5RI ^ 15555 (Development of the Political

Ideas of J.P. Narayan)5.14 ■55555?! 5RI5vr ■% 5551155! f55R (Political Ideas of Jai Prakash Narayan)5.15 55r55!5 '57 155R (Ideas on Socialism)5.16 75254 5! 7755 sBtfil 55 145!!! (Theory of Total Revolution)5.17 '55555?! '5T7I5V! 55 ■*Jy5!^ (An Evaluation of Jai Prakash Narayan)5.18 «nRi (Summary)

• 37^^5177 (Exercise Questions)

68 VJTrft^

*7,7.‘^R.'VR TTTWW. 5.1. UWMil (Introduction)

■75-*H)iqniqi<i % yfciiîai '5 ‘^nT^T^Tlff 7^.T3;7, TR ’TOTt^ TT^Fftl^T^? P^-fl-i

% §fci5i^ 73;^ TTFWJJTf ■!, <5isM 'Jll'H 37^ "STIR-îsiql ^ hRi^Î TFT 'tl 1^57

shlfRl'+Td TT^J^T^ fqr(i{^ % “q' ^7T% •s'iK'il'd Q^<a=h "% '4 STTTT Ri-m ftT-ml 3Tq^

<MHl[d=+> Ri-fli % arRfFT ^ % îjr I^^TTt ttstt Hii'al^ t^tt^ % tt*t^ "qq

ai<=fi| 7^-4i-i=tflRi'\ ^ fS*ia ai'^nl TT^ ^'t sftT mhi'îî'OthkciIh TTTRtffRi pq-fli

f^TTT % FfFFITT ^ 7^^ TlTff^'iqi'd % ^ ¥RT3 f I a-?lA ‘nlnqlq tâqai Hi'nfqic, ^ =h^<dl Rcril') ■qn ■5ft TTFWJ*! '5iT7{ fqrqj f ai=f>i 'Hual'J i.i'flilRish f^-An % §Ri5iy 7^

't afk fTft qiKî ’TTTTTRj TrsFflf^ [q-q-i % FIWTTT ftqnqi % '?7'T yRH.s ^1

5.2. (Objectives)

F7T 3TKn7T % 3T%ZP77 % -OTTITT fêff fW :

• 7717^*5 71*7 TI7T % TFjpfllcT^ aT^MirTTISTf =[^ TT^T^T^

• ^.7^. 7F^ % <HHi'Jiqi'{l r«.sial ^ ^T^ ^|

• ilR'qK % TTTTTTjTrqr TTMi-iiract) Iq^Kl ^ oqiteqi îT^ ^1

• TJT? 4qle< Mllpt)] Tjg 'nqyqiivj 'ij^jq'^l % <j'J5ilioq> 7^ «iH)Rii=h ftÎTt ^ '9iT^ ^1

5.3. Îcd mRt^^ (Life Sketch)

735,7377- Trq qq 6 ’^Tcfft, 1886 ^ sR^hI q‘ii<n (Trim) % nt'iii % 3TT^frFn ■qra

^1 ai^ ftm ■’ffewq |37jj •sqqq wrq qrr tittt qiaj aTKTNgr di5hi'R=tiiRql ■^ftq ^1 arqqt TiTTf«7^ 1^3n % ^knr ^ ^‘371^553’, 3T7R-<, hR<7<’ qq 37W7R qiT ^1 a-el^ ^ TTI^T^TT

3^ Rm4hh "Îq-i 5 tjRh 5l=*iT qal'S qn ^TTTT 5T*7 qrr «qiy fqpri qal-n ôqT ttît^ s^lRd SRT WcT <-qo'=) qTTT^ % fi=nj ô«W>rw )907 '4 5*777 ^TT sfcci'f’TO ^ TT'ST^ffTqT sôl

% 377TTTq T^' qq, 37R q7# ■% qft F^ TST^t 5^1 qq^Tl TTq^TTq 137T a?|T ^#5

qn 777*7 ^ % 377^ q ^ 1910-1915 qqr 77' 1 <si^ «ftgq ttT "fqiHl (qq'fiiR, <(Wl*i,

47MF^ afiT T^ml qTTTqq 7777*7^ TFT *ft 5*77^ *7^1 F^ qft FtTTTTT ^ ^ shiRflqiiO 77^57^ ^1

7777 qft q77 oyRtTIc^ 5^ ^siTTjiq qn ohRwi:^ *771 a-^lA 1915 ^ ^ ^

.shlfRlîRl ^fTTferq qft qlq-ii q-ii^ 3^ 7*^ Sifd«7iR) 77*733 qft 7*77337 3))l 357?^ ^73 ^ 7^

77*733 33 37*7 ‘'537377 '37^’ '77371 373^ shiRi'FlTl r7?f*ft ^ '77737 '377^ % 'l^ ^ 77^*73 1915 ^ '3737} q. 'trrf^ '% '373 5 3TI3T 3f3l '3F7 37 373^ 3t?3 377737^ 7F^ '#’ 373 ^ 37737 '3TfS3 % '313

73737 '531 Wf sf<R 3773 '377% '373 '37ff337T7t '5|f(13 yo'iil ■%} 'jfcTH nla F^ '3^ 37}7

3773 ;FlRTl<îr73l' %f 7^ ■^' 7FT37 f%T7 '3371 F77^ 377^ 3773 377^ ^ '1^^ 7373 1%77 ark ■# Tft^ 1916 V kq 3Fff37%r 3^1 3FT '37 k 3733 ailqi %f 337 tfe qiec} *}l F^fciR 3FT 37 373% 77^37(377 P174377} 'k 37r^ ■% 'f^ 373^ 'P73 % ^1773 37 37337 7*773) 37*7 3T3%5 37*7 713 773 'f^T3TI

373)733 k 7F3i7 k 7733331% '?7l3773} 3)1 773)33 377^ '?7*}| FTfk ^1371371 % 77313737% 37T%3R k '337 33eTf3 377371 '3FT 37 7737537% '3^ '3i) ^^nci ^7%77 ■% '%77%3 377 33377 3*hic31I ai%f733 %

7^ 7^77 RiqiO % ^ %}7 '333773f}3

', 3^3 37? 53% '%)

% '3)37373

rft^ <i'îlfa'*’ /33773r 69•</<

TT^,^.if.

■J=!^ ^ ^ me 3^tT 1^1 1926 ^

20 ^ ^ T?TI

TR Uk'-H ^ ^ îqôii<l *^, <!^fcf'i 'Si<^ -Jilq-i "4'

HI4+f=rff ^ ^1 1919^' ^ sflT ^ tTT ‘^Ftfir5=f' % ■^' 3TFT|■3^' «rR?i 'wiwjc^kI ^ -^sttot ^ armi 1922 ^ ^ ^ % wt-tor

■^' % xf TjpHt ^ "nii 2^R iffl RT 'Vanguard of Indian Independence’ Hl^q> hIî ^ yq>i?ii 'ftiRTI 1927 ^ WMs|l<0 ^ ^"TT ^ TTanw ^ 1w ^ 3T'Pft TIMf^rî^ ^ ^^ Rl^FT ^ ^l ^ % ^TTCRRlf^' RtI ^ UTRT ft 3^R TRjhl -STT^!^ T^' %îi^^qi^l ^ ^ RTSri % ^?jcq 'îH<=ni

cir^hi TPT RfF ti'^qi'Ci fqqKqv '^îlciQ. dH'+l Hi'nlqi'? % iri^ 3TR«1T ■^' 31H■^rffi Hict^qm q>al<,(ti ^ ?'lqi< TFT RFTJR Pfqi Hiwqi'v oqT^fl'ia <^fiqni =^qciciiti 3Tr^ ■3?i% ^Pb ^ ^ 3^R ^ aiRT-^ 14 iTRra % rk 1930

^ ^ T^ni ^ -îTpr -jTBft fRTi Reft xft -^TT^ ^W 3TT Rtl ■'jflcH'nikl TFT ^ Tn«T ftRFTTI TTW ■INHlPd* RfftfirfRRT "ft TTR RR TTT«T

cFftl 1931 ^ Mfysci ■^TRIfTBTB % PFi-q''! RT % RTTT^ StTu^RTR ^ ^ ^ RTTIrB fRfft IKT RgRB TTR3ftTR^'6'R^Rft^^Rtl%r^tt^^^RTRR RTfftTT ^ RirPTB^ RRI Rf#3ft % fg^ -SR^ RR -ft' Rft RIRRT RfRT aftr TitanR RlRpfttRft Pl-^l RiTRt ^J?' RiT '^, RTrft R^TrRT RFTt Rft TTRRftRRT RfftfsrfRRf Rft R^R RilRT RTT 1rRTI 3^1^Rftfrjft % qi} % IqqK Rft *ft OTcftRRT Rft 3Tk ^FT RfqNt Rft RtfR Rixft RFR Rft TRRR R^ RRITTRFfti lift 'fiTR Rxg^ "ft Independent India' RTRRi TTRTRR-RR RR RRRRtr R^ f^ ■afk

RTtRR RTTR Rft TRcfRRI % TTR^ ^ RR -ftFIT! 1939 '^' Rf#3ft ^ Rtftpff U f :T^ RTTcftR Rnftrr % «ftcR Rrt 'League of Radical Congressmen’ Rft T«irRRt Rftl 1940 'ft'

TFT "ft STRft TTR«fRft tifeo RftftTT sftt tlRT RR RH 'Radical Democratic Party' Rft TRIRRTRftl ?Tft îTTR ■feflR iRRRfS fSfft RT TFT ft RftftTT Rft ft' R RTtfRcT ^ TTXR^ ftfROTT ft?

qilsM. RlfR) lR«q ft eft^RR fftoftt RTRTcff Rft Snft R^ ft ftRR RTl Tlftil fftl RTTT^ TFT Rft RRR Iftftftt RTfT 'RUft BRT sftt TFT ftt ;3WT ft' ■'TO RRI

RFTT frrft «'i'#il "RXR^ ei*i'H*iRTTTRw

3TIRT RRT aftr ft arrftftre RRcTTR

f ftft ftl fttR RRI ■RFTHO*1?

1944 ft TTR ft ‘RKdlq RRI^ TTR' Rft TRTRRT RlfRi 'ft^T 'ft? RRIfft Rft TTRfftcT fRTRT 'RR TTft?l 1946 ft RRRft IqqnqKi ft RFTR R OTRTT’^ 3TRTT STFTI ^ftr 3^13TRft RFT 'Radical Democratic Party' (RDP) Rft ftR R?T 'fRRTI 37R ft 3TRft iftl'-i R^fR ^ RTRcff ql*it "RFRlft ft f2 RR Rft STlft RR-'RTRRcTTRTR (Radical Humanism) ft? RFT ft fqomd farri 3TR 'R^Flft 'jsffRrft aftr TTRlRlRTRf RIRf 1TR?TT Rft ^TRTSTTaft' Rft SRFftRRt R?TRt R?T ftll TFT Rft ft ftft TFRRTRTR ^ TRFTRT ft? ^FTTTT ^

■Rft «iRki Rft ITRTRRI R TRRRRT ^ T^ R?T TTft?l a-slft RFfiRFlR'RRfTRR Rft T*TTRRT ft? Rlt ft ftfRRT 7[^ R?T ^RI sftr "ftR RftRR ‘ RRrftR RR-RflRTRI ftTRl' Rft 'ftRT ft •JTftftt R?T f^l ajHil FFRft RftRR-RTRT TTRTRT R?Tft? ft 25 'RTRRTt, 1954 Rft FH 'ftTTTT ft 'fRRT F^ R^l 'RUfft ft 'fR?ftt fFT^ 'fRRRWTr R?T ITfftRTRR ■RFft R?T TTft?, fR?T ft! RRR?! RTTRIr TTRFftlRR? fRRTR ft? iftTFTTT ft' "RTR 3FTT 'RRTI STRft RR-XTFTRcHRlR TFR^ fftRrft ft? RTITB TFT 3TIRT ftt RRTTRtft '^’3^' 'ft? t^' ft' 1ft?Rt f I

qcTR?T

70 R77t??R TTR

*17. ?77, %?!■,5.4. H5T«t'^wI T^RT^ (Important Works) 7777707

TFT 1922 RTKa-ii 377^ T^TIsff % 'HFR 7f Tfpjfcl ^ qT-^361711 a^qil <q6ii< Pi^ÎdPan "t—

1. J1 <iiPî’in (India in Transition)—'^ ^ 31^ T’TTT ^1 ??74 TPI ^«HH«hicil6 ’TTTT! «5f>60|j(il^ TFTFnsrf TH 37®T77 yâ f^FTT "tl 3^^ R F

3?I7 -371777 ^ Tfr ^ FTTIfft^ ^T^RTTSTf 73 -TTFITR 77^ % 3T7f^ "qTTT "tl 3773 "fTTTT^

'■■TI -fT? ^ -573^ y'lfnîld TTfTTTTf % UTT ^ ^ «=t>ai ^1 'HK6l<7 97f377t 37k 1377777? ■%

33 33M '^'jriqi<0 3T4oHq7^ % ^ sf7J3ll a-e'i^ 3>F71^ 373 337 9[f337 3^ 3 fVi«n -34 -^731

7^ -gkTT, 3TTcT 1333^ 3^ 3iT ^=66ll ^73k -5733 3iFf 9lf33k 3 1373137 3f7 3377 "537^ 33 ?137qifgsil 5H jjtflsf! k rfl3 133^—^7773)3 ’’^Ti '''~* 33 -333, '<^3'b 33771 33 3lT3l3rr3 337 -337)3

3>1 ^r^sai -37 133R -377^ ^ -37F71% 6^t‘I MTItf 33 3f3S7 l^tTffTTT 37^1 377737

37777 -k -737757777 77373 3^-7M 733-733tl -3-^

37T7'3 37777 33 7T737l^73> 133377 ^ -3^ ^33 H5irHi -37^ ?17T qdik. 33; 371^377731 3?) ’ll ?77 "5^7737 3iicilqn -33k 3?T73T

-73;^ kkft oqr=tfl -3II 7753 3t kl 177 -JTTT^ Pi^4 317 -*77 3717 -f 1^ 37777 3>1 733373 -33 -377^

3<p|qi<1a: 1377773? alk -*737^ ^ ^ 773f3c7 ll377 -37737 h-^'iII

-373I -37I

2. uJviHt Tnrg- k^TT (India's Problems and their Solution) —177

■37337 -33 yîRH 3I 1922 % aF3 ^3771 177 -J73^ k 6-6l^ Hiq+fqi'O 13377^ % -3733fylc71<0 773737313 3i1 aiid'lqn -311 kl a-?!^ 37^137^ fq^Kqiil % PqyOa shiTaquO 3^ 33TT^Tf 3>t 333333737 37 3fl7 1^ k 37) tqsjHM TF573t1f737 sIlT 3771*137 ^737*77 % iq<'^ 773^ 377 77371 177 -5^337 -k -3337 37I 77i‘^[l«h esaiCT 3*71 33^ "^Tk 33 *11 îi^qn 13737 kl a-?lA 771333

373577 % 7*773 ■'77 ‘-■'JITTF 77T’J%37 377*f37Fl' 377k 3ft 3773733737 37 377 1337 kl

3. 33 ?37 37r^ 373--3?l377S?T3 (One year of Non-cooperation) —773 ^k 177 "57337 -33

3r37T?73 1923 -k' 137371 177 57337 ^k d-^Tk -nftfrjfl -37) 537 -3if3 77317^ ■333k 7737 *11377 -537313777 3 77I3f73le7r ^ 5^737 3f1l 177 5«iqi 3 a-«lk 37*1131 % -377 73313737 qn4sh<^'( 3f1 7777131 331 k 3773373 k—1. 71373l1c737 578*11 ki TTTTjf^ qiikqiel "3313, 2. 377313 371^77 377 ntuT-aôi, 3. 371F7T733 3313, 4. 3731313 33 377f 3f1 3 ^5377k -#7 15T5 -93131 17737 ■733-^--7713 773 k "3731 % 3513 371

4ifk3l "371 ’ll 177 "5^7737 k a^MK 137371 a-elk ^17 313l3f1 33 ^lk373 37lf*f37 33*1373 "k ^717, i-lTk 7I373lk7 "k 3k 33 "9313 13737, "377^ 33 "9313 3573 ^ 337 "31*11313 "5^57 3^7 137^^3 ^*7771 33 7T3»f37 fi

4. ^ 7^W7 STFp- $Pjsnf wi7<4ft<W (The Future of Indian Politics)—\92(> k 773 "k 37331 177 57337 3fr 7337 "371 l377k' 3^ 415577 313f ("71137 "357) ^ 31x3 "513371^ 137371 713 k 177 ^Wl'h 7331 kk -^33 "k '3ft -33 -737753 377 3T3k1 377=31737 ''JS -371 k 17333 77=3177 xkk tk 37^ kl 7T3 k 177 5«iq> k 1333177 ^733 ft737 137 377313 7737=1113 -37 'Hpq'^ ■k 13717*11. Ik^ ^feklkl, ■3^r37R, Ijtel oqmPl, I37733 STTII -33! ■% 737*11 "95^ 7^371 ITtIcTC; a-^lk

■33 333R 33rk 37 ^kk 13371 -^klk 7335 377313 -3357 357 3f1 7*71337 3ft 57337 -k 1kl7§TI 177 57337 -k "skfk -537 -kk 357 3f1 ■?*TTq37 37 357 k3T I^TTlk 1^*3

1313717-*3 3ll7 -3731 73I TTSlkllk

33775^ ^ 773J373

■qvTf IkrTTR 3*77 TlkUTT <Hp“Hl<ia ill13% 37f3l733 713 k 37k37 33-yfqq’l3Tl -k k1 313k fqqn 337lfl73 377373 3^7 ■37337 73375

kukll 1937 "k' y-ilk if^lk^îk lfu^3l (Independent India) -37337 -373771137 33 33 -3377973 1%3l

rfhf </oi-l)/d‘h /qq;t«f> 71*in

1949 'Radical Humanist' Wl •si=hl 3T^ PlMfciRaa f-

1. (Materialism)

2. (Reason, Romanticism and Revolution)

3. (New Orientation)

4. 3TT^ yiwriMH (Our Problems)

5. r=(<)i'^ H (Beyond Communism to Humanism)

6. (Radical Humanist)

7. 5 (The way to Durable Peace)

8. (New Humanism and Politics)

9. 3#qr 3F1 (The Constitution of Free India)

10. mT«vi*-« orf'F WIsh (The Problems of Freedom)

11. '^^TfvRT .^Mlsliyl (Nationalism and Democracy)

12. ' MllVl (Planning in New India)

13. %=!FI Tips iWc^ (National Government and People's Government)

14. ReiiRqivi 3TfT (The Historical role of Islam)

15. ^ nquHlRq-^-Ji FI (My Experiences in China)

16. T3P5 nlqil (Plenty and Poverty)

17. wilvilt'Ki T^ Hiif'jl (Politics, Power and Parties)

R4k^H FI (Revolution and Counter Revolution in China!fH y=M^ TR ^ ^ ^Willciqi tiFnsrf 37^ ^ <s*i=Mcil'i^ l^r^jr mTl *117^ TTFrllrf^ fqqK'h % tfT87-tTT*7

Hi^qicq (I'Jiilfn^ Tq-oi % ^ TSTR lirTT 'f I

>7.^ 77^, n)/p«77,>)/<«//< -llil<^

18. qiiFTct

5.5. TTO % f^Rn '5iT (Evolution of Roy's Philosophy)

^ -^1 37P^ -Jllqi % >iKr*-»iq) ^•ilia'll Tlfnfqf^^ tTTT ^’TT cfl ^ T^ sMiaqiltt <<iuiq ^ c^Rm qlqi

% STRtuT Tfglq T^ «<\uqi'(l fqqK^ ^ T^l ^ 3T^ TT^ ^ eqciqal % % nlqqiT^l lilt*! ^ ^ U'^lq tqaqfli % ^ tcâ'qm % ^7^ ^ tttI! Ff 'yqin

fqqK) ■% yi<R-q<ti ^<,"1 ■g SrpTHT qû| ,% '|^<l qlsl ^yicVi. <5-1 Pq-OI %rqq5i« sliTT ^

Iqqim IFH fn^nfViRao tTfH ■^' ^fST ^

TR ^ o-q-iiraqi Tq-o-i 37^^TTif

-siiq^qq) ^ niRr TR Iqqnqio ^ juuffli '571 Rtiqi Tsn tPJ ■% f5T?r5TR?Pii

i-«qiai

1. (1901-1915 557): -SKN'+dMK, o4«l^lWK, '^57557 57fRT 5*71 3717157515 375f7I '57ff557ltt Tr^5T^ '% '57’7 "^1

2. ■5tR (1916-1945 557): niq^qi'v), 57fl557ltl Hiq^qt'Cl. ■^Tf5577fl 571^# 5 57tf557rft iiqifl'qqiql % '¥7*1 i^'l

3. '51775 '5751 (1946-1954 5^): 55-51555151^ 3755T ÎRh-*

i. Vm ^TW ( 1901-1915 ^155 T15 '<^57 57ff557Rf 5^51^ TFI '571^ 517^ 57f

■5I % ^ ^'lHliqflicfl

•72 V5515 ^57757

% Rgiî'+i

3^tT shiPfl 3ii5c<H cllfe *rRcr ^ ^nîai t^ciii ^ ITÎ ^ <s-^T^

■^Tfr ■yH'Ji fSr41l "3^ fq^,;fil M3 eft fnijil '?T^ TITO 3^ "^l MSift 3333 "SiP-ei't'lCl '33^f5i3 3f33rft3 dyqi'O fM^RMRI 3f[ eft 3?T ITOl, e^Rtn ^ Tt'iilâ 3>T^ 333 % f33R 3TTTO3I T#l 33 TFT W3 3T Til 3^ 3Tift33 ¥313 % ^33

3TRT3 3>Trf % ¥3T333Tt elTNft i ^33313 ^133 f^TOl ‘33^ 3i ^

■3t7^^3T3v

3fccl3> 5?<T33c73 3.313^ ^ fq-qie) 33 3?^333 f3>37 3^ 3if 3T 333»f ^3 ftri3 % 33337^ i^TSff ^ ^1 Mit ¥T ■333ft ^Qil3>ra yi^* 9fiiPen=»ii<l 3IT3t3 ieTI FITFfI 311333 TI3 ^ '^l |3 333 % '^tTR # 3^ 4r=f34)t 'i' ■if33i ‘33331^ 3FI 3ft ^TMFRT 3ftl t33TfTt3i 1901 "i 1915331 sPlP333ft 3fttMM3f 3ft TFlfefl "33 "i' "^3 1^1

2. fTTTT trm ( 1916-1945 W^>

(3i) fnfee//tO ^ 3Tift^ 'i tS'fX 373TtWf^ ItTSIfi 33 3?i2733 =f><<i> T73

■5^ 3^ ■37^1 3F1 3T ctPii % '313 T?3iT ■3I3Tf313 Î13¥lft3i F3 3it f33i3 33 3133T¥TO ^331 ■3FI 'TT 3*3 k,f«Hi 33331^ 3ft '^tfelMt 33 '5133 33^ % %3 ‘

3t7I3Tft3> ■5'J^' 33FI 33 33, 3^3 '33331^ 3ft yyiRei 3vCi 'i 331 efRl^^ /i ¥33‘3TTeft3 33331^ 3cT’ 3ft T3I33T 1920 "i 3ft attl ■333ft 3Tr3!lT HiWqi'i ^ 333t 3^1 eflf3i3 c^Pii % 313 ■33^' ^ 3333 ■373' 1928 3 33 'i It^T^ 1^ 331I ^3 3T? 1916 ^ I928 331 ^ 3ip: ■313Tf3T^

Til O'cl-^ 3^53131 ■313Tf313 i 3T¥3t aiTTMl 3I3l|l es-^l-t T33 3i Hi'nf ^ 3T3 =^5*113)T 1^1 <:^Rh-i ■TO3>1 3^ 33 3I33t 3ft ^FMl sfiT es*?'^ 3T3Tf3I3 % 3lt ^3 33 "f^ ^ Tft33I ■51113 31T 13311

^ ^—1930 ■^ 3T3 TI3 '3 e^feo'î'O *ii=et1qi'^ '3ft 3TlTft3313iiti 1930 ^ 3^ 313^1 %3313 3ft 3t 3^-Tf3i 33 ît T3t33T '1^ Ml/

3t 3ft 3t, ■33% TMR ¥T ■3TTi ■313Tf313 "^ft 3>3tTen ■'IT 3Tf-eITf ■33 'il TF^ ^3^ ■MTtM '313353 343R '% 3lt 'i '35^ HlW ■^ TF31

3133-¥3fel 'i 31331 33T3TI 34-TT3i oqiesHi ■^ ^ 3313 3313II ^ '33^ TI3 i ■313?f3R 3ft 31^31 3T13ft33rtt 3fti

if MJjferacf/ejT ^ ni't^fqi'^ 3ft 'it 333 313 i 1930

Mtt-Mtt 33i ■3f*ft 3 3F3 33^3 % 3^3 31*11 3ft sfiiTfl3i|Pl 'iIaIqr*J3t 3ft 31 '33131 erlRn-i '31*11

334313 3ft I373I 3ftl 313 313113> '31*11 '41 SI3F TMitfa 'i *¥f 33 TI^TI 3131313 333331

3333 3lt '3t3 3^3?i 3^ 3333 37337 ®3 131 ¥133 3^ 333337 3T7*Fi ^ 'TITO 3it 3i '37

B+efll d-^'li 31*11 3ff fsfel 31331R 33 k.'^’Je '331 313 13311 W 33? 3lfft?I '^ft 3t%3t ^ SITF^^ pWl 3-^14 'Radical Democratic Party' 3ft 3*3331 3ftl W 33? 313 ^ 33 'i '31331313 sftr '311431 % '5f3 311 3FTT3 MT, '3? ^-*fft ■313 '?t31 331 sfl^ sra 4 ^ 3131 'Radical Democrat' 33 '3^1 W ’t' ■3334 eH5i^*jl3 3l4?t3I 34 % 3313 Till

3. rl}»li tHW ( 1946-1.954 f7^^-i73t-7?3t 313 ¥3 37331313 '311 ¥313 313 ilell '337, '4 3333 f3-^H % 5^ 'i 3374 3^ 37^ sltr ^flfc731 '3133313731 33 'tT'Î 3713 3l3 %

37ef('i 1^53 TIF'n■31 33-HH3dl3K (Radical Humanism) ■% 313 ^ '31131 37737 ii '35^ 3fl it 3734 37*333

(33) Mietfitfltf ^31331 313 'it 3^3 '334 313f?33 '^*7131 3ft 373

4 3t -aTTOt 3773*77 '5333 3ft *1t, 3I33t3I

¥73313 ^PeipiB 3ft '7773313731 “41041 il 33^ ci;ili4,1 ■S'^'lA ¥MR I3137 fil ¥7331373 Hi-iqlq 333331 5ijl33 3ft 33333T '33 '^13131313 31337 il 1930 4 ¥133 cffZ313¥r

31*3 33*71 |f3?T37 3i ¥tf3313lit

¥ft 133731

333337

4 1939 331 3lf437 % 3331e¥31 '3413131 3ft ''IF^ 3t 3I3IF7 ■43734 3ft 37737133! 3131 313 iti 13 % 3Tf?37

Tieri

7w31

TTI^TofR 3ff 37^1 I337 ^74 nlRiqi»313 ■'^31 3i’l33T3*7731 34 37¥7

•¥R3t3 ii'îl!h‘t> 13377^ 73

"irpn 'Sfk Hi-iqlq ^ Tpin ^ fi^ ^ 'shlfVîld î^c^kI TT5?

nlRnq) Hi-iqniqitO ^ '^FniWK ■3?I IT^ t TR ^ ^ T^l cfN! Wff

^ 3T^-31OT -^T^' ^sn tfR^ 3Tg

^ Hnqlq <ôqfli % '4' Tl^t^ ^fl ?wfdHIq-qi % ^1

anqvi 1xRR +qaqai ^ "'T^^ TFT aiqii rq-fli ^-qnqaiqi’O

5.6. Tni 3^ îer4«4i(^ (Roy and Marxism)

TT^ TITT”T ^ 5btTaqiiO [q^Kl % ^t1^ Î T^5T ^Tfd'4il0 TT^«TT^ % ^ '5^?^ ’TOT

3TOft shiTaq>Kl yqiRrtct % fer^ ’^-fq^î % t%Ti| ?TT ft'^TTf ^snfif^F TTFTTOT ^ 1^ 'nt, TTT^ TTFTTOT ’it ft^l 3T^ shlfd+kl 'cfn^'jPT 3TTTOTTTF^ TO ^ ^ 3lARqii ^ tTf ^FT TO TOTO) ^ Iqî % ‘nq^qisl ^ f'FlWT T&3 TT^TT T^3T^ TO! flI FT %T^‘ FTT TFT % TO TOTT F’TO FTOl 3T^ft5n ^cfTt 3TWTTOT TO f^l aT^ftFTI ^-gTF^^TOT’T^fii^TFfTO '^pT’T % ITTST TTOTO^ TO^troff TO Wqtcii ■fronf '^fTO 1928 Wto TOT^ ^ TOT'*! "5^ TOT fFTOTT 1^ TOTI TO% TOTO TOT^ kT«H{qi<^ % qitfli, ’T'^ 'JFtTOlfTO TO^ TO q1ei TOTTOI TOI^ *ii't4qi'i

TITOITOT fqiy,l

11^ TR ^ TOTOfro TOTOTt-TOTO ^ TOFf ^ ^ tl TTTOT WT 'q' ^ TTepHI<«I«T1<1 sJ 3?lT ^ TOTOf^TlF % f^rM F^ ^fTO FTO^ TR TO ^ ^ TOI 'TOT HH41^ TTOTTOI % yqci TOT^f^ ^ RFTJ^R ItoTI 1ft TOTOfTO TOfTO ^ TOfTTOI ^ TOTl 'f

TO ^ 3^^T kiqtfqis ^ TOfeTT ■WHIkT TOT^ % %Ti TOrt’ TOf ’TftrofF 1to> W TI^ % TOTOfro TOTOft ^TOf TO aTKTTOT. TOff ^RT TO

I. TOTOfro % TOrd^ TOT ■^'

II. TOTOf^ % f^lft % TOT

t-TTTOTT

I. ^ «*f«Peh ^ WT #-3TF^ '^ftTOT TTITO '^' TFT TOTOf % f^TOTf 3TTOfMFTTI*1TfTO |3TII TO^- TTOT TOTOf TO TO*T ftlTO TOR ^ TO TOi FTTO TOTR TO FTT^ TOTar^ftro ■^' TOTfro^ TTiferq to 3T42TTO ItoTT tori TOT^ TOTO} qi-iqfliqi<{l ^TO TTOTTOT TO TT^ TORI TO Îto % 4fTO>TO % Rr^l'd «f|TT '^fTO ^3TTI TOTR^ TOTOTO TO TOTsfR R# TO^ % ^ ■prrofRfTTO TOi

(Theory of Materialism)—WJ % TOTOf ■% S'îrn't’ ’flfiTRTOT ^ !^Ri-i % ’fiftiRTOF % Ri<&m TO TOT*f=T IrTO 'tl TO cî-i-i R FTT 1rto

1.Rt rft 3TTR)RR ^ t,^ TTFTO TO 1r TO^Piqi qlfaqil <3)'Ji'1 'fifiTRTOF R^ Rf^TR TOWJJ^ RR TTTOTT WT TO ^1 ST’JJ, f(^q^n, yltTi TO TOTTTT WT ■4' ^-R-R)^ TOR 3TTOR, ITOITOR tl FTT

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■3RTT TFT TORf R ^fTO % ’flfdRRK 3TR?RTTFTOT ^1

2. TORfe/R R?’ 4?J/A«h v«s/fl RT (Supports the Scientific Method ofTOT*fR fRTO ^ sftr ^jUfRR RSfR Rt ^ % 'feRTTTMarxism)- TTR ^ TORf % '^jllfdR ÎVrVi TO

% TORTOR TOR tl

3. TORjf ^ R7^ TTOT sra^T^ ^ dT^RTOTT ^ (Faith in the Uniformity ofMarx's Philosophy and Ac/ion)-TFT R TOTOf % fTOgTcT % TOT STR Rt TRlohR-lRTO ^ Rt

74 Vkfflfl <l'3lllRl<fi /qq«q>

3?n: ^ ti ^ *ft ^ ^ ttw t, •sraftfr^ Î'JlHIjyR -^liq aqsjfq^ ^ ^ % 1^ 3^1^>J.'t><f'Mai,'^ 4HI -Jll-ll iKf'O 'tl TP? 'ft Hl-l-ll 1% t^til ^ clftfti

ft 1^ ^ ^ ■aft y4>ddl 3T^ ^ tl

m. 7FJ, •rt/Zg'//,

ftt?4. <fêil({) ^ 3n^

■RRft ft ■'jftt^ ^ STRTra’TT ■???% ^rftf % ftt '{'dW< ^ ■% rî+IW ft> %T3; 3ftft^ ttHcTT tlftftsRR fti 'srn^ft aft^ ^ fqchm Fhws '»iii<‘iil 'ftf+d

srft^ q arrfft^ ftft ^ ■a-i^ ti dH+l '^^di

■W^ W (Agrees with the Criticism of Capitalism)- ^niJi sfti TPI ^ îJT •MKrtl'^'h tlft ^

<s«<ni t % ■'jftt^ ft) fft=n Bl#' ■?rt’T TPT-iTraft ^ ^ ^ ftt

t % 'i«n«(is yfteKi ftr ^ <SfHlsi ft) 1^ "^rR^Pft tl ^ ^RR ft' 3?Tfft^ fft^RTT ^ fttw W ^ 4iK“l tl TFT ’Mft ft?W TRi ftt TRft^ 11ft) k.=ti Rd ^ 3TdI ■SRT^ tftTII TFT ft Vl TftNiR Iftidi t Ift) '^'fllqi^% 'll?! ft) RriR ?Tfft?T ^ TTFlftrl tN)T tft’ntw d«l^ dsdl tWI Tllfft) •SFRT ITTR tftFTT ^TTftri

5. h/sm/wq ftr wjqwq? f^vii) W «•<</•» (Favours the Humanistic Ideas of Marxism) -TFT ^ tTTFn t ^ ftraft ^ Iwt FT^ tl FFift ft arwnftft'Drqi'Ji Hi-iq

ft Î'ulqaftl dcii^ ft) fft)qi «TII Hiqft ftl <qni< ?Tfft^ ^ ft) ^?*TR ft) 1^ Rngl 'if Mil fTTf eWt TFT ft diqft ft) Iq-n-i ^ Hiiq ^ ^ 4qiRq) STRIT 'THT tl IftTT "TT^PTr Hl^ft ft eT'fpT^ld

TTFR ^ q)?r^di ^ t ftl TT^ TIT? di-iq ^ «qi'i!'J| Iq=t)i+< til TFT ft ftl didtf ftl tITF

qin

tiHi-ii R WHi'Jiqi'd TFTR ^ shcTHU ^ ftl, ^TtI TTTf TFT

ftr aRTFi ^ TfrwT ft -g^ i1 3t1t ■sTrft'TTftFTTI stiiFfl ■grri TFR ft) Iddl‘)| ^ ^Tcl ftl Tftt^TT IftFTT tl

ft ftl ftft

6. r/icqfq ^ *<fd)wn ft fi^nla (Agrees with the Criticism of Nationalism)— FT^ •'jftiFfiFTi ?TTI FFTl? FT^ TI^ FF F5|F fftftfti FII FF F^ Fft ft) ?ITI TI^ ft) IffIf FF TFTftFT FTI FF TTF) TT^ TTFTFFK FTT FFftFT *TI 3T*Tf<J,FF SFFTf^lF FFTFFTF FF TTF^F) FII ?ft1FT? TFT ft f1 TTFftft TI^FK Fft ^HdlFH FTTft F)?T t ''jfttFlft FlfFtFTf ft) 3TFT TP^FTF Fft FIfR TFsI F)Tft) F^F) Fft F)1 TTFIFF ttft ft ftFiftt tl ?TTf^ ?F FIFR FTI ftt^ ft) 5T1fFT Fft Fft ft'ifia eWd gFiFlF ft) Iq<'«& F? ci«i^ dsil ttFfi

W ■5FfFT TFT ft FTFft F ftfftF ft) FF ftFift F)t ft TTF*fF IFFTI t ftl Fft 3Rft FTftl FTFft Fft FTTft FT FFft ftftrFF FTT Flftl Fft FIFftFlF ^ Iftfttff IfF

II. FTFftftR ftr /ftftsft ftr WT ft-TR ft FTFft Fft FftFT ^ ftr FTF-FTF tl FTift FTFft ft) fftFlft Fft FTFFIF TFcIFFI FTT FFF FTTft FTR FTfT tl FTTft FTFft Fft ?F FTF ft) 1^ 'Midlqn Fft t Ift FirfftF) FTF tl §P*5ltl FTT ■ftiFW FTTft tl FTTft FTFft % ?TT pH^m Fft FTFF TFcfFFt FTT IFTIfI FTTR tl ?TT FFTR FTTft FTFftFTF ft) fftSTtft Fft 3TltftFFT Fft t 3ftT FFft 3TTF7FF) TTftfFF ft?T Iftt^ tl TIF ÎTT FTFTJfTF Fft Fg^ ■wcilqii^ Pi‘did Pan t—

s<^/n«f>q«q f (Marx's Dialectical Materialism isunscientific) -Wt FTT FTfFT t Iftr FTFft ft tiFTT ft FFTfFF tiFTT ISftf TTft ft) ItTsftF, eld^q F tRFifFFF ft) ftrtFFTFK Fft STFtcHT Fft fttl FTift HHq-n^Pi ft TTRftFtT ^sPi'i ft)

FTFT Ft FTlt WTTF FFf IfFT FTI TIF ft STFft fIFTS FR ‘FFI, ftFIFFTF FTlIftT'(Reason, Romanticism and Revolution) ft FTFft % ?F fF5IF Fft •siid'lqn Fft ftk FT?I Ift FTFft ft FTFfttF TFFFcTT ft) IfFTT FH cFTF ftTFT tl TTF ft FTFft Fft ?TT FTF FT 3TTFfft FHTt IFT §lri6m arniqi ft) TITFft ft) ftFTTTT ft •F^gF FZFTsft' Fft *j<adi ti TTF ft fFFK

FT?T Fift RTTIKq)

1. FTFrf FTT st^TcFFT

IftFT 1F) FTFft ft WHiPnq)oq'M

FTTiftF o-Jd’/Zn*?) /FFTTF". 75

^7. 777, ci)/pw. 3777fM77 H5T«i Hjwi t«(a5(fli |’=yi cf«n tîftsiai HT7T ^77^ ^ oq^Ki 7ft 'jTm'M ^fr FfiTFra 77T fTRfnr 77T# t, TT Tft^ W7F 7^TH ft^Tcl 7777 7ft 77l7 % wf 7^7) "FTiTTS ^ TiTTI 'll

717 TiF11^ TTTTf 77 s-sic-Hth 4tt7WUWt 7777

2. Sf^ ct^ffti ^ Simian (Criticism of rigidity of Marxism) -717 77r-Jifiii TH FhciiIf 1% TITffTT^ 3T7^ 77^ Ri.&m'l % 777’7 '^cFft yfwHs TM 7^'h5H

■qiftk, *ftl 7177? 7ft ^siFl'*! Hîci 7ft ftt 77177 77 c^fTTH 77^777 ^ f^TTPT 77777 77

ailC'il’-Jll Tit fTlT^fTtT Tit. TiJT 777^ % 7^ Î T77 77 17?777 77 1% 7t m.sFi Tijm 'g77 ‘FTTI

TTt^l 7777 ^77 771% 777?f7I7 TJt TTcTTt TftfTTfT^ % 77^ 77^ Tftf 377f7 TTl cT=ft

77 777

7ft 77 % y'lRi^fllcn t77777 % 77^ 7T

■qiF^k,! ^7%7T 71^ % 7ft ‘iRlilitci, 77f7 777 7f^ 777^ % 777ft 7i7fT77 7ft 7777^777777^ 77 7777 17777 ^ 77fe 777?f777 Tit 77f%77fe77 % 377^ ^

3^ 77fH77 ^ Tf’i 777 777 ^ -lilqn-^tFKi ^ 7777 ^77177 77_7%l tIt TTTÎtIT Tfl

-flUj.'ll 3^7; TR-TTTTTTT TR775777

7177 ^ •Jilk.'lll ^■'HFct'< T77 777^1777 7ft TTTtTTI 7T TtW 'afTT 1^1

3. Hicnf ^ tidlfhatu ^ /?»•<?< (Criticism of Marx's Totalitarianism) —TlT^f 77! 77777 77 7 71777 7^ % 7t7 T’f 77^ 3T77 it 7f777 7^ Tff ^ Ittr ^Ht sftt 777!777777 TIITT^ 7T 7'^FI7 7^ 777 ^ ^ TflljTffi tj3ft7fc7 7^ Ttt-^ T’^ ^ 7I77TT 3^ 7777 ■^'7^FK7 7^ ^ q-^'iil 77 ^ 7I7?f 7ft ?7 7777 7ft 3TIc7t777 7ft ^1 77 777 77F77 f 1^ 'j^'fllsFci 77

77777 '?t 'Jiik.'ii cl! 8!f737T 777 TTFTn’T 7777 7^7ft TTIT ^ 7^ 'ii<?0 ^1 Ttr 7? 7^ "ftBt77l qsiFy 77 ^ ‘j^’IhFi T’f n7 T^TTff 777 7it77 77X^ 7ft eft 17=77 7ft ?, .c^Ftii 7F HI=H? % 77’!7

^ 'i^'jTnRl T'f 7ft 7771*7 ^ ^ ^l777t 777 7777 F

7777

77771 'll ?7f^ 77 177RITTTT 17^-7^ ^ «)IVi 7ft 777771 77 7W1 ^tTT 3^7; TTffTTTTTTIT Tit T77777 77 TTI- '517777^ 377777

It77 |l |7 7TF 77 I Hiq+f % 7^-7^ % Ri^m 7ft 37?!t777 7ft 3ft=i: 77% 77ff777T777t TFT 77 - 7t 1T77 Tfti ?7t TTTTT "I 77 Tit I928 '4 7 %7^ 7T^ ^ Fishioii 77T ^ 7f^ 77 ^ Tt

1777^ 1%n 777 771

4. ^ ^ oSHTsuT TpTtT | (Marx's Interpretation of History isWrong) —77 I TITtI 7ft ^ 77c7 Tit 7^ TcTTTl I ■?% 3nf*f7i Tlf^TTf iFaenn 77 I^tW 777 'll ■77 ^ 77F77 "t "1% 3HlflF<qfl 377 7f7 % ^fc7F77 77 IttIt TTT^ 'll 'TT 77 7if77 I 1% TTTI

%t5 TfcT 7ft Ff7F77 "% f7777 Tft^ '7^77 TFf 1777 11 TTTtI I 177R c7T7 7ft Tâjl ^FT% 7^% lITTTt 7ft 5^151+1 % fTMixl 7i7l ^ ^ TTT 1777 It 77 I ^77 |—“77%f777 77 lf77T7 7ft

777777 Tit 7ft T77I777> 'jlnq’i Tit «q|=tiK 7777 qifgi^l %[c77)7I7 ^TTlTf 7ft TT^TTT! qiwifqqirti ^ |45f< Tit ^ 'TTuTIl” 77 7ft I 7^ ffTFTH % ITTTO I TTffMT! 7F 11 77 7)7 77777 1 1% l1c7fI7 I ’IItT) 771 iTTftTT ■%=7f 77f%7% 77 'TfTTH It77 |l 77 77

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I7)577■1% 7I7 ^ 7t77 ifiFttiq'i aFqn TTTTTTT 7^ It77 TTt lfcfF77’77 "PitIt "5177 377^77 |l It fq'Oiw 77 Til 1I77T7 ^T77

§777 TTTTTP!I sir 117577 7ft 7^ I77 ll TTT 37ft 7757 11%-^% ^777

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7T 75 5^ 'TPjjlTKTI 77 757 77 êft |l

5. *ii<*if TST fitiwq 97 ehi<nPi<*t | (Marx's Theory of Dialecticism isUtopian) -TIT TtIt % 57 'fTTTT 7577 11% TTTTI 7ff g-eqiT TSfil TTTTfTTT 7ft TTTTPtT! 771

7777 7)5771 f% ^?57K 7ft '17)77,Itftll

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cii«iRi=f>cii ^ ^ tf'iiail

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6. ^ ¥J2T gif ^ ^ ufy^l^juft </«rt fiits ^ t (Marx's Prophesyof the Disappearance of Middle class has proved wrong) -^TT^ ^ Mfq»qqi''il ^■fti i?wj cpf ^ 'Jink'll I 3TF^ qciqi<, qiitrnRq* îlqa ^3?TI SHW ^Tl % 31TR4q>[c44)H '4 'jRiqii waiq-fl't'h '^1 ^ 4> «ohi Rt Wni'd'q-îiq

4 ^ ^1 SHiMiqici WK^Riqi <l^HlIci^ Aqtq ^ % ^\'fl 4 ^ "tl TP7 ^t-“T1KTq ^ ^ rfPT 4 ^ÛTRTT, M ftR-yffli«;'i ^ ^ 4k "RR Rl^d 5ld6Tfl 4 ^ ^ 4r 4n<i'in1Riq> dqrq 4, "gR <H=t>î”

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ti 3TR RWT gi gfr ■RW

7. Hiet^Jditt 4r •5/rt«ft ^ ii'i)^fiifieh 3nwr ^ (Ethical and Psychological Foundations of Marxism are Weak) —^ RTT ^R1 ^ 14> RR^RR % ^RT o'jRki r4 RRfRI WdddI r4 144t "tl 'RRR 4 RTT^ Rit STRt^TRI =t><<i ^RR 4i RiSIci r4 §la5l«. 4i RTWR 4 aRiRo'd

^ tlRiT4 RR RRTR f^RT ^1 R1r4 RR RTfR oRRRI r4 i^RiPiRiqi RRRR R^ r4r îfRR r4 TRRRRI RR FRR RRRT RR% o^r+drd % lR°Fre 4i <j<Hqil IRRRRT r4 RR IRRH RR lR4’4t RRIRTI R1R4 4 RTRR yqiRi 4 r4^ R^ RIRt "tl RRRR RiFRl 4 tR^.HIiq nRR^lRtql4> argRR 3Tr4 TRRIR 4 RftR^R RR 4rT tl R^ TIR 4 RTR4 r4 ^ RRtÛklRi ^R^RT r4 RRIR

RRTRI pi RRRR qip-ii 4l fR RRRT RR IrrW rr4 t'l

■^1 RR 4 pRipiw r4 qciii 4 oqRw r4 RRfRft RH+< t^RT sfk rtr4 r4 rirr ^ tRRRfll

4 "fe RTRR yqiFn 4 Mc^qi P-TTRt 4 Rft 3tfMRR4 R RRfoRf r4 3RtIRf7I^ TTR 4 RTRR r4 RITRT Ri IqnFIn R>?14 ^ 4t4Ri ’^RT 4 WT4 R^ 4t 4 4^ plapW

8. RR^R W Wf4<*" ^74 3ilfv{<h rit^' RT 9ilillf)d RgT 4 (Every Human Action is not determined by Economic Consideration) -RTR4 RR q>5ii RT iRi R3®7 RR yr^q> RR43Tlf4Ri lRiR134 4 RRlfRR 441 4l TTR 4 RTr4 % 1RRK RR O'^-si RTT4 ^ RifT 4R^^T

RTI RTRR3Rf4RT RTRR

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RTRR

4fRRi RTI TTRTR fRTRTRTRTTR 3TTf4^ R 4tRiT 3RR4 RT4t R4 3TTR7R^RT3Tt 4 ,'34R4f4T 41RTRR |fapi« 4 44 fRTRTRiRTTR 4 4t RTTfyRj R pWt ?TT4ftRT 4 3% 'RR4 «4r=w ^ 3RRfMR> 3TTR^RTRT ^3R 4l ^yPdlJ. RTfT RTT fRTRTRicTTR 3TTf4^ FIRT 4l

4 RIr4 RTT RF RTRRI R^RT 'Irin 4 'fe R^^T yrWTTRRTT

9. R7R4 RjT r4-r44 ^ i^ngjH VclW 4 (Marxian Theory of Class-Struggle is4 ^ W M45R RRf RR STftRrR

41% RTr4 4> ?TTT RRT^ RT^ RTtfRR R «ilq=hd4<3 ^fapm 4 iReTRT 4l FT TTiRif^R> r4 4 Tt4r 4r4

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Wrong) —TTR RR RiFTT 4 1R) RTR4 r4 R? RTR RT 4tRT 4 1R> TTRTR TfT 4, 4fRRT RRRfT r4-4r4 r4 RTR R^ 4l TTRRR? ^ STIrITRR Ri^ 3RR RTRTiRRr RR? RR Z % TRIR RT TTTRTfRRi "RRRTR 4 RkTRH tRRII RTR4 % 44 RRT 4 Rf

RR RTRRT

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4 4 r4 R 4rtt 3t4^ r4 4 a^r ariR 3t4r7 44 4RRT 4tRTI Ft4t srfRftRR Ref Rid TTRR 4 TTRTR 4444 R RfR^ % RTR 4t4 ^R?4 4t RTRTT RT 4‘l SIR: RIR4 RR R4-TrR4 -RR ftrsfcl RRTcI 4l

10. UlcHi oCT -WftPeW RR" R^ f (Marxian Theory of Surplus-Valueis WroTig) —TTR RTRRT 4 R^ RTR4 % 3lfRfiRcT 4t f«.sim r4 TRt^R RTT fTTRT RTTR 4

78 RT^rJr TMWtf^ Ri^K'T'

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3^ ■51-Stfrifti ^ ^ ^ -g^ rPTi^ ^ -^^rnt '{■41 fiRT cn^ (33felft^->1^7)

% 1^ 3?7R=T WT i, ^ SffWl •^' ^3fF37n tft Tj^r 3FTI^ % ■Rrs?! ^ RtT 3R?nq^ 3^ ^ »tt •??r ^ 3r7T^ ^ T^rm i\ -smttt, -^FTaâtw^ywi it ■^riTRft, §3^ •'^ *^3 iH ^ ■53 ■^, 3171: ^

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11. ^/<f«/ ^ Oljfetactllîif ^

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ni

% cqfêq qH tl oqt% qft TFR % ar^ttF ■SFR 1^ fRTI

12. rm TR 3 3R=7f % TBWRi qft *ft Rk flRT ^ tl 33^ tfeRRl ^ aqRR tr ei'Ji'ilfa'D ^ ’ypmfai'fi ^ qqiieii

13. TRRRRf ■% 3R1TO 3pi atfiRRqTTfq 3it t?TRT»jqnTRT 11 3R^ Wt ■% «45I<I ^ 5fii!'?i arj^f shlpel tl Tfft R^nr qt ^ ?t^ ^HRI RfR ^(Jcq "k qTqoTl '^JIcTI tl

qft tl

T^ ■ff'FK q>n 311TRRT t TR t^qr Tr*(i Hi'iqoiqi'O *31 qi RFRIr TêRTTI 371 3R^ ^m4=F qil awqil sft RPRtR TRTRTTT 3ft IT 3fkR 'TT TSiF 3ft "^nri inftn? 3nt R3Tf3Kqft ^m^t ■% Rg<71141 3R7II 371 ^3R au^^ Rtiqil ^Tft RRTf % Tff®cit 37t 31^37 antfR 3T aijf^ 3 3Rsft3 Tqeiqai 371 333 3iT3 31311 313371, Tit <541441 TcfT 3T TT9it33 l373i Tit 313^313 tl «4«iqifV3iRqiq 3ft ttr 31Tc333I 371% T1F33lf33t 37 t3l<3<H 3 ai3rTfpT37 ttr^TRl 33 3131 TatcilI RaPl t 4i<Hf 3ft 317t t TT1371 tt ^1 (tfqil 3lf3377R 31711 11 313^313 % o'-iiqîR'+i ^3t t aiTTg^

Tit ^ itt 31^1 Tltt 31 Tit 3133313 tl 3lt37 Rn^l'dl 3it 3TT3t377T 37T R^f 37 Tit ^TIW qftsrrfq TT '^l^l am: TR Ijqi TR^ 37Tt7i371Tt 313^31^ 31 TRltîqi'd RRTfqi^ t atr Tltl ?K1 313Tf3I3 t 1371^ 311; TRlttR 3^ 3^73^ tl

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5.7. ^ r^cfiim (Theory of Radical Humanism)Hn^nrai^

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. 37fM

t, |«Rrl'i it nlRiqi 313331313 371 3R '^31 331 tl

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377ffR <iu;-J?/<i*' .|d4/<4> 79

TR. HiRl* ■RpranraR W srsf (Meaning of Radical Humanism)HiiqciiqK ViRl'^ tl % Wl5=t>'Hl ^ 3T^

sJ'hl^ ^ o4i<sm 7^ 3TFiI rR7 Hl-iqfll’î'd f^^flWRT % 3T12T^ ^^ TfT "ol Hnqaiqi<(l Tq-qK=t)T % a^^HR ^ 37IVR ^1 ■§!

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[qj(qi^ *F ‘iiiq ^ ^ a^lr a«<i) ^ 37i7)R tl fRF TRT TW TFT,

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aTfcRT^Tf^ TTtTT (f?^) % artftF ^ 'SFt ^ ^l

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‘iiaqaiqi'^ ^ Hlfciqi ^ FFT ftFT ftri ^1

HMqaiqi'{l ^TFT RI yqiciil FF TTRt ^ 'j4qd7 'f%RTT^ Rft FTF ^ Hi-iq ^Tmi

‘iiiqaiqi'O fqqi<tTTTT ^ 't îRFTnlRriqi HnqciiqR

f%FT "tl3T^ TTtIT % TTFT^ ^ aflq^qq>qi ^1 t^RT, 3TTrFT,

RFT^ R^' tl angpRT fRRR Rft TTRt '^t^' ^ R7T 1^

R RiTRl 'f I R^RT ^ FR

FR 3T»| q'lrd* ^ t aftr

Ta^FR aiqii

RTTTR RR^

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RF Pq-qi 3TTmfTR 'llRRRF TTPjyf Rtfdqi RFTRRTRIR

TTTRRRtRIR rS aTTSTTT^ Hi-qan( (Basic assumption of Radical Humanism)RTRRRIRTR ^ ^ aFiRT’p RRidlk fRHf^lfm't—

1. RJ^T’ JTf^Rj RT^ ^ T7TRRRT ^ (Man is the measure of everything) —TFT RF Ri*TR RTFFtTR toFTT ■§I '^^Ri'i 3T?f 1% otiHw RF TRR^ <iiqci R^ Rârt RTRR■RTIR ^ RRTf^ 'hXol 't’l TTR ^ RiFI "t R;R7 4irviq> RIRRRTRTRt R7t ^qlq F^ RT 3FTFT ^trft 3TRT9T^>1^ RTâfi "A RTtf fRFTRTRt R^ âil RTfî RFlft RTF, ItTRT^ RTlfR ■^' RfR eft RT TTRFft t RRffRT FRft RtRR RT RRTR tl Film Rt FRT^ RFR RF 3T?lTR R^ f| R^ TRR 3TR^ ' RFR RF fRRfRT Fi 'aTT^ aRR ^ Riel ^ RRT^ RF ^RRT TFT RF Iq?qi« ^ TRRIR ^Pq'^Rxitei a^tr Îctqi F^ % RFTR ^RFTjyt TTIRTfRRT ^TR^RT RF fRRfR TTR>% TT^ ^1 SHpeiy, oRtW ^ Rr^Ri Rrg RF RTRRVS ^|

TIR % HlPeiq>

2. *<3«v RTRR -fl/Zrf RF" ^RT ^ (Man is the root of mankind) —TTR RF RTFRT F f% ■RTRR 'jflq-i 37R^ aTTT^ f I ■FTRR-FfRFT?T Rit TTFFT^ % F^ fRTTft RIFT! RI arfeTrîfcTRiTTR! ■^-qsii^q'l RF RFT. RF %R, aTFTTFfFR R>t F^, FtRRT R>t 1RT^^ aFrFT RF TTFTO m ^ ariRRRRKiT R^ ^l .TFT RF Rigii ^ ^ eftF RF Pq^qm RiT^ f 1^ FR ^ RRIRT

KO RtRtNt^ /qq/<«n

^.7. W, W^, ’JJ7777

^ 'Wk «<f^ ^ ’m ^’Tt ^ Hiiqfiiql^ ^ Tf^l qi-iqaiqi'd fft

Hj'q % ^ fqifqiy îT3I 'Tft W yîX 'Tft % f^ f^pr ^sn^ ^| ^r^gjHi'iqniqi^ yr^'+i ^ cl^ 3lk =f>yl<il ■'H 3PI^ Pq-qq gff qiWcd 'f I ^ r-iqiani

^ ^ -q^czr -qm Tntk ^ ^ ti

TwTw

ifUTT (Characteristics of Roy's Radical Humanism)TFT ^"-H<i'ia '-tnqoiqiH "k 3T^gi qilnqi "Piqiicil 3lk 3PT^ Hnqciiqi^l Riîci giT yRiHis^

<s«4> gg-qnqaiqi'A gff y^<a Pq^lqoii^ fkRfcTkScT ^—

1. *<3«< oeftVflH Uivf) ^ (Man is a rational being) —TFl ^ Hiq-ii ■!■ =41^^3? tg^grgrki 3iFift ti str gg ■57 %if7g? ^ ti artMi-^gK % ^ ti

gf) g^lg 'f^ g ■gr •??%, gf Ig^grtTg g^ gggffi 1g^ g g#i % agrt 3TT?gT gn grt^ H5Tq g^ î tr g gfgi ^ "5^ ignsig—gcgg: sngn ^ 3^ 3^ gg g ■jrqr ■!

fgg? sfk sTfggjgft ^ o'jsi f^gi gg ^ gjggi ^ ft? "^rigg ajqg) fg^^gftrg % grf gr gftg? ftraifff gft "^giggi gg; gggn f 1 gg fg^^^fftigT gggg gpgggr ijg f 1 gg k ftnsr f—*' %

gftg 3^k gg% carfgg^ ■^' g^ afk tg^g? gft'^Tfgg? gg^g git gft^gft "ti'' -srr^fggi fggig gfr ftftft ftrs g?T ftgr ^ ft? g^^ k ^tf srftgrfiftg? gR g^ ■f 1 wftig' sggrT grgg ygiPa gg g?g g^ 'î

fg ggiR g^R W ^ftftg? ggir gg gg? 3tg't argfg^ gigg "Rgig fgggggig ’^tftg? ggft gft 'j'^'^Ph gg gftgrg 'ti ig gggr gg fti^t ^ 3TftgTîftg? ggi % anttg Rftg gtt g giT% ifti 1g^g?7fftT gpgt gigi ftt sgft ggg gg ^gg ftgfti =n<.ai f i y^qi gr ^ gg^ gg%

gg ^ aPaqiin 'gtgT fg% gt^ ftigt ^gtg ggi gg gg^ ^g g^ î

2. ^Qlihrll W aVWWgig ^ ^tf ^ (There is no relation betweenEthics and Spiritualism) —Tig ^ srggt gg-gigggigrgt ftrgRgRT % sggiT g? 3^ ^ftggg git 3T^-3WT ifgtggr ftigT “ti gg H?ifHi gigt g gl^

ft? gjf ^ftgicn gg sggR g^ "^tgri Tig gt^ g^t ^rgrtg gnyiT gg gt o'j^g ftrgi î gg % si^hk ^Pd+di git? giftgiggtg gr giKft grg g^ f, gfcg? i^g? stiRfft? giftg "t ftingg gigig otifta git iggr gi yigiRigi gg g^ gggi grftg gftg? <iHiq giggigk' Mj'iq qj'iq g^ qiecii <yqidii ^nftig ^Rtqidi stk ftgg? ^ agg^gg? "ti in gggr

giT% TrsRtft git ■^ftggrt gr sggilkT gir^ gg Tfg*ft t^gi

aggttggy grr^ ^ giFi

qiPs'j.i ^ftgigi % 3igig TPT %

git giggr «h<1t

gfgt % TRgtft■^1 Tig gg qism % ft? str ^ ft^r giftg TRgtft k ftk ^ 'f , grigg ■giT'g ?giTi ^ftiggn 'k

^ ti3. hI/mah ntêioiiii^ ^ (Radical Humanism is World-wide) -Tig gg

git wVI'ji gftfg 'k gi?T f 1 Tjg ^ TRjgig gg gftgg ^ Ttcggig % ftgggTft^Titg gi TRggftrgi 'fi

gTgqnTqiq

giggoiqig Ti^qig % ftiTi ftgg-grgfg gft giggi gr gfR ftgi ti Tig gg gigggigig

f^-g^ ^ ti gfqt, tftT, agftpg gtg gitgit w'qil'Jiai "k gigr gsgiTTigfqigfg^-gi^jg gj) grggi ^ sTigT ftigi |i) gggg gigggigig ftTgîFit gggg^^ (Commonwealth)git giTR gggg gigggigig sRirkstg 3igig f 1 grft aigirt^tg git gigggigig git 3tot ggft fg; ftggi ^—‘ ‘ sRRk^tggig Ti^tg TRTt % 3iftgR gg ftgg ■§ iggft? ftgg Tirggr gitTsnggi TP^tg TiTgi git tgengrr gi gggg ftTigiTg ggft? git gn "Hgigt ^1"

4. gjST W agggitR^ jf^ # jhr (Man is independent of SpiritualForces) —Tig gg qieii ft? Rftg gg "^t^gifti 'ftgi giftiî ^ ggig k sggrr3igfg?gret ^ ricii ^ afir ti^ g gRg g ft4g gir gft ft arggft ftgi fti gft ft ^pgd git Tggggr

TRcfft <Mih'h‘ri ftgrT^ SI

'^.W. =?HTZWTT^ ^ ti 3n^ 4t4 TT^ 37^ wr T? ■5T^ Imr f 137r3i ‘-pf ^

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^ Wir4'+) ^ ^C15) 'Jt<?.0 ■?‘l 3Tft^7J^ ^ oq^M yqfîl'Ji liH+iW

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y=hfli

■pi ^-■^nqaiai'; W

5. *<3“< ^ fââi $riff t<î*ii!htt> ^ (Urge far freedom is natural in man) —I7FI ^ ‘TFÎ onf^fl ^ 'FIM ■^•TTFf "7734 ?WI ^T^TÎTcT ^1 aT’T'ft t^n xctT

’7TOTT ^1■Misai ^1 ^774 373^ yi<f fa=ti '4l'‘'«7ti(3^' f4«nmci '^>7^ BTrnftfT TpTft ^1

•yJT ft TK 4 =t)tnirH=h ■^^PRftFIrn 3717^ STfîiRcl

■'Tm ■gfl 3TIR^ fi” ^flpjT'lfe ■^TT^

c|[ct4« 'âi'^ "4 ■'Trf ■^?rirrt ■pi ?HHNqniqiq "3^ 't^ *h3«) 37fc73r-^-37f^T3i 'W'TT '3rT% 37^

3?^ ■qr^ % #PT 77^ 77^4 ti 'jFMt % qr^

4t -Hj'Mq -sFt cTteqi

fqqtti^jricnai 77*71 7^^77^777 % 'STT^q WH "377% T^T'Hifq'h ^Rnol "§—“77^7777 ■jTR, 'SqcTf^TqT, yiV<yia'fi ■JT'TRt, qjiilaqi âl'ji 7^ f'l 7^1773771 ■% “f^

37] 1^*7 377^ "4 3^ ‘37^ 3717ft "^Tl^ 777*7 77^

377 1337777 377 77% 3^17 34 3 37*7f3?3T77t‘ % tr7?7 37 77%l

37^^73777

6. *<3«« ^ JfWlHHT (Importance to Man) —773i'»j % "77^4 4 713 % 3737777 o3l%T 773R 377 ^ 37733f 't'i 774t 77777Tf3I37 77*7737371 33 7^?3 *73'3 ■% "1^ "q 3ft7 77*^ 7773lf337 7773377 33 •5757 ■3733 33H7 -^t ti 77373, 7133 331 ^777t 773t 777373ff 33 f33M T]^ 733 377777 f 3f[7 -q^ 37331 ^fqyi^TTR sa4 sR«(cta 4t 33 fiqTcn tl |3 7741 777*7134 33 77^ oi|f3c( 33 «iHiRn=h f337T77 3r737 tl tt3r 37f^ sftr Iprqt 7773lf33r PiHiUI ■% 3774 oqfWct ?T7( ^ '(33 '3l4 3lf^l ?77f y3l< 773 ^ 77^373

% 74^777

;•

77^' 4 77*3^33 3 •ft 77373I7 tTPrcft ti

tl 773 3ft 13377*7177 ■f7 ^'t 33f33 3ft3733373 77*3I>=3^

7. ^?3r3f W <S?7fft<»> WiR) ^ «4-*fer ^ (Reconstructions of Society onScientific basis is possible) —713 't 3374 33■jqpfqW 37 ■377 "^37 ti

37 '777*771^737, '3774 ti7lP737 ^ tt y<)'l‘i 37737 '^Tft^l ^%t4 3if7 t "1% 33

3373ft 3 "4 33737 ^3t33 '4' ri%7733 ■^feqft'F •3733137 '3l(tTT| HMRiqi 'sîlPd 1177 ft 773R 33 7T*^33.tl

8. ci^cnrt'a W HHtfn (Support to Radical Democracy) -'Tiq ,5i14a3l 33 %*3t33773 77^ 413373 33 f33 3337 tl 373 7774 3Tf33 37331 % fT3f 4' 'ftcft t, 41 3tt

3773733 tt37 tl ?77f43 3*tt4 3lft73?-4-37f337 77^33tf33i’ T7f33 33 I3%*4t377'3 ^74

■37 ■*41373’ ■*773337313 4’ 77*713 % *7133111% -3133 33 f7 43, ■37t ■3F *77l437 ft in 7133tRr^, •3Tlf437aaqii

3?h133t, 3 ■[% 43t-^433134 33 f33 3 ■3jft' 4 ^ 317%! 3^33 34 •313377333

37137^ *71337

1337177^317R 33 r«i^qiti *711% 34*773 cft3733 '3337 % 1^ 33 17331 Is441 ^3^1 ti flTfrlT^ ■^ '44 333373 %t

î'Jtal(n=t) 1731 %t 31131337 <r«iiHl 'ftI f77% l3f^ is-sn

*77 3^

t ^ 333tf33i 3?7t 4 ft 37t3F7a < •âaiqtPfn'^ ciWaî (Radical Democracy) 33 Pwisia 13311 f77 37f 173 4 743733 % *71’-3*7 43Tq4’*4fcT3’ 33 ft *7733 i%31 t, 33ff3’ *7ffrI3r 413733 4 o^Pw 37t ft 3*77331,'^ tl*773337313

9. 77373?/^ ^ ?7*7^ (Support to Politics without Power) t-773 33■*71337 31 !(iPt.a, o^P=Kl 34 3^ 3773t tl 37(757 1133tf3 77133 % ttfl^ 434 ^33 3^ tl f77 434 - 34 _3f737'44,4 1733t%3i 33lt 371 ft fl3 tl 4 173*7tf337 yqii31< 34 31*3 44 tl tl-’lllPl 4414^37 33 aTqfiqTl 1734 34 17*71*<T f%31.377 173731 ti 4tf373 17573tlt 4 4fc73737 34 371*1^ 37131 'tfPaa '3773, tl Ilf573ff337 3c4 %t 173137 '371% 173*413 34 *1^ 3lf33ft3 37134 '31 ■33'37f3f*7

82 377(43 7733?f33r /%377^

37.=?, TFJ, 'HW^,efiT «4-iNi ■^n «<^5ai f I Sf'l^ ^ ^ «<i'=i5if<'t> ^ ^ TR ^ 1948 ■^’ 3R=ft 'Radical Democratic Party' ^ ’R ^ 1^ *nr . ^.

(Political and Economic Basis of Radical Humanism)■ 7FJ ^ TTT^RtlRK % ^ 3TMR ^—

(^ ) 3nVT7 (Political Basis) —TR >iPk1^' % % 'îJT

JH+l mHHI 2n o4fl^ % ?T*1 ^ ^ «>hF«1 % SlftRiTTf ^ tda^âi^ RPl M^-sicft ^1 ^ <i'jn1Rt "^rai r^^nl TRT TIT 3!if=Rf % ■^' ^ "t ^ cii'iiîie’i

■gfl "^mi ^ ^rrat ^1 lH4lfd=(> Tlf^cRf ■^FRI 'f cTtf^ 04

l^cRtTT ^ Tt%l TR 37’^ 4lFn'^ Hiiqfliqi*^ ^ Tr3pfrfiR> SiiWld % ''15T ^ Fim

^ -firti t-

%■ ti'irftffi* anf^g; sttottHiiqfiiqiq

.1. «>y/«H ^ ly^Wl T7T ^tr (Emphasis on the impoiiance of Man) —TR ^ qipil ^ &!|je4?f ^ fôRTO’ % f?r5( <!«1<Til «(fl5( •377^7<!Ri‘ '^1 V !<=h af/t;?! fl H*1M

% FstiqidiCTU oqF^ % Fi'^qi ''IT aiîl 'flu'll ^ 'f^ TRTSI Tq-ii ®4Fki

^ 3R^. *1^ ■#> 1^ il TTR Wn WTR 1IPR ^ 'a'T'Jf TiRif^Ri ^ aiify^ TTsârf ^ ^ y'hctt

^ ^ Tl’it WIHIF'sI'R ^ STT^fe TRRt ^TR^1

^1 W cITf TR o4Fki ^ WflXll ^ TRsFt

«) ‘sff qqfcKi ■^fl eqct'qcii ■^' <'=riiqd sici^\

II. vrsnTfw (Support to Partyless Democracy) -TR ^Millfl't>,^ TRT51 Rlc^t iTHT tl tTHR f TRrfTFR? TcT TTTTt Tli^ ^TR 'flMl

T<IcR(fr ^ WiT^ ^1 jvit ^ Iq'hiH qFItJT ^) Rft 'Sl ^ TRl^St ^ (M'ilFd'B ^ T-14>?) If, 'TT^ TrW W*fi 'TT "fe^ % '*k''i STRI TIRlf^RT qi<rHi“l

^ t allT WHI31 'clTir-fR? ^ WNK fT#nJ -qf ■STFft 11% 'TFR % 'îcRRT

gilRTrai % 3TMT TT Î'slqiT'n ^-{qeFl TTSTTcR ^ ■FTT'Rl "fWl sflT

^ ^flqcti ‘5?! q<siqi F^c^dii

('ST) 377fi^3r 3/79JT (Economic Basis) —TR ^ Hiin 1^ oWn'qlq TITER yîi'nl ^ srfiR7-'^-aiftRT ^ R^.'PTcRn ti ^ anTs^rr ^ TRRtftr^ Tift^ '03^ ^ T’TR ^^ -fljol ■^1 3T*i^^T«n 3Tlq<4=fi THcII 'f! TR TRT 1^ 3nf*f^ y-JiiciS %

o^feW ^ tqaqal Tft tyT 'Rft 'RT TRRfl fTlfcIti <i-^'l^ Fi^lF-Jin 3T*isRTSTT (Planned Economy) RH ^§iiq ftRl ■!, i^RT^ yr^«n ohF^ Rit RRR 3RTR 3Tlfy^ aTRTRTKfnj 5TT^ ^Ffd 3^ T3if33I 3>T fqqjie gVjJi

?T? RT? TR TTRlf^R) ■=RT R3-Pl'll'J| 3it^ R*f[ 'RRR 3iT -jflq-i RRT^ % Rn^.RTI 37f^^-^-3^fM5r tq<(3Ri 'sRR 'Ril RR iJ^n 'fRRT '^1 TR ^ 'fRTRTTT '=^40 IrRT't' 'fRT RTRR 'Rft TRRRctl Rft ^ "TPR TRTR ^ fRRW 'RR TRR 3R^ FrRR TRR 'RT hRiP«o IrRI 'll 5«[tn'

RTI HSiq'Î '^1

^ cRR% '?R R>l RRFR 'RR levt ^ WRR

■pT^RT alk eiVil Rff

fl ^1 TR ■^TRUR TTRT Ri^ ^l1dt ^ ^ RPR R>l RRRR RRRRRTR RR FrtSJR TTRRlfRR' Fq-fli

aTTRllRRr (Criticisms of New or Radical Humanism)

TR '^R? T3RR fRTRR R y'lFaîlei "^feRiVl 'RT^ tRRTRT ■ggR R)T% H;J«< rH TTPRRIR

HR Rt 4irM«B HiqqniRIR

«)i "RIcKi^R ^ R^^RRT ■'TT % RleT ^ RTgT fRRRen sltT RTRp TRRRRl Rp ■qV.^K RRRHR Rpl 'RTl^

*77TR)R iM-llfcl* /RRTT^T 83

*7.7. TF!, >}/<«//< l?W

3li=ft hIRiî ‘iiiqaiqc;. ^ ftT^rnSITT ^ ^ST^RT UTI ^ 37^ fq-fli Try<sf ''TT yTciR-aci ?7T% 'Tt TFT ^ *flRi=t) Hiiqniqi'A ^ fq^H^Ki srfM^ rft’Tifin ^ TRff 3lh

37^^ STrard "TT Sil^lqni Wfti aw'hl 3)rrllqii yy<3 STT’-TR riMRiRaci ^—

1. ^ 4/f7e»j(7» ^ [hîd ^ ^ (Religion is responsible forthe development of civilization and morality) -TPI ^ tj4fH<.A8S 'JPv’+Vji strt^ ’TOTPI

3^^T % fg+iy ^ 3R?:5 1^ tl u4 ^ ^ ^3TR?^ ^-TTT^ 4' ipf ^ TTSfra ■pT;11^ T^fl'+K f^ W tl TFT ^ Wt^Ttq-qq) tRTT ^Knlq TT’^TcTT ^ fqohRia cTc^T ^ tt‘iiiqai=fKl r^'Mi ^ T«Himi *t4 % 1^=11 tt ^TT% *T[{ol<7 37Kn?T^ ^WTt tl ^ ^Îq-i t ttfIT tf *^4 ■% UTT tt oyl^rT ST’Tt -qlq-i % ’^T*T (4l^) Hgjqai t,v4 Ri-î q><-ii *nTfft^ Iq-fl-i ^ 3(H*ii-i «»><.'ii tl

d ^ 4tl TT^ 4 37qt

2. THt 5^ T^fJ^fTT K«/<frv<»» t (Roy's conception of Freedom is Negative) —TFTt oqfq^ '5ft T^d’qfli "qr 37ftT5r 5cT 1^ tl '3TTt tl4 3fR '7P5.5ft Wd'sldl "47 TTTt 4 55n5Z '5151 tl quRf 3i'H» 5? Pq-qK t tqa'yni TP5 "% qii-jTl 5iT Hi<nq 5>t4'4 t, ^4vj ,5TT^ 45ttl "STlt eqpKi 5ft T5W5cIT 5ft qPiR:qci 55Tt % "f^ T135 «t4t SiPnqiJ TTTSTT 4t 5jtT "t^t ■5TFt tl qiwq 4 oqRw 5ft T5555I % 5l4't 5ITdlqqi 5I5I5 Tf^ 5 tt5vC oqRw 5ft 'PpRTTT y^f^qT 5*5 ?P^5qT5r Ifbaiy, t, '?5 57 Piqqui Hiqi< tt Hj'q TT^4t T555flT 55 '55441 5>T TT5i5T tl

3. 5^ (Logically fault) —"55 5it eqpKi 5ft 755557 5ft 5ff ■«F*r5I5 55151tl ^5f55 -755551 % ^ f575TT -TFTt 57T5I T55T tl f5 -STO 5ft 557- 5T75tt t 157 -55 TM cn«i^-5i'i^ 55 ^ 5tt <^(11 TI5 ohRki'ici 755551 '54 7*55 't5>7 77^55 '^555T 5>t -^ts 5^5lf tl 55 -^5 '57551 t H6c^ (qv41 57^ 5ft 55f -54 574t4t -qT q^dHI qifeq, '<^fî 5^ 375t ^5551 57 | 15517 ■57t 5l^ 5^7 -qr 5tt' 5171 7157T, 55 HPT Tll^ 5 37515 '71155 -4 37517 4 3775575•T^l

4. *7^/557575' ^ Siiaii VT 37775^551 (Criticism on the basis of Materialism) —TPl 5Ft5 tt 515111% 71^ 3ft7 TITTR 37q4 577 57 '411^ t, ?7t4 l577it t5t5 7151

571 515 5-^' tl 4 ^ 3^7 %5751 41^157 45F5fI^f3t7?7lt473TO 71*TI%5 11 7154 55 15517 *7175t5 37*5157515 5 371511 571 37l75c5 5557 1^ tl 5774 371751 7^ -q^lM 5ft -^t515517 517tft5 37*5175515 "^4 '5571 477 q^5l| tl

5. eq/«fft W WTT^ 7715^ ^ StKlT 57 37T?4775r (Criticism on the basis of relationship between Man and Society) —715 4 71515 4 iqlem -54 71511*7^ -5575 155T tl qqRw 715 % 5T557n5T4t pq-q-i 5 77515 55 371*717 tl omPk* 77515 4 '55^ tl 77515 “qPw 41 Itl^ t, -

-41 ^51 -54^ Hf.^q -qtt tl HHl-Jl -411451 5554 -515551 -51751

tt5lt.l55571 t!5l t 3^7 37^'ttTll tl TRt tt 5!? t-^F 574(5 3^7 77515 '57757 1447 tl 4 7^51 Riq4) 4l 5t ■5?75’j4 "q^TI, ti

6. TTJWJ 5# feiîhSifleiril ''JT 37/7757 «4t (Too much emphasis on the rationalityof Man) -715 4 75 Rw ^ -Qiî 144^54^ gt’it ■515517 577 57 tt 37551515551515 5514515 73^ 15151 tl ^1^ 5F 5f 515 5511 % 5^*5 4 144^ 4l 711*7-7115 51551371 55 4t 5554 -5^75 tl ?f5FT71771^ t l5l 5^®! 4 37451 5>pf Pq^qi 54 q-niq 515517551 f«(5? tl

7. 7757 TTtffT t (State is an essential Institution) —715 4 'c^fqd 54755551 4> ■55517 4 7F>5 54 '445 717*71 5511t51 tl 57l4l STJTIR 71^5 ®lf55 54 755551 4 51*71

I*

oqRw 77515 % 15T5 '5511 '47=g 715 54 55 5715 tl °5f55 55 7T5T537775 t4 5141554 4 51145 -54 1^51 TdqiPjiqi Hiqil '5151 tl PlRdU3i77FS75 tl -STl^ "TWR

557=1

84 577(45 V'siilfa^ '

ti mm ^ m^ m # srrtnftcT f i tp^t ^ arfwf ti tptr

■4 ^ ■Jilq^ wfiPP? «nT^ TPJ? am^'JRT Pmfoi qiâi 'f I ^^Rm.TRl ^ 4bT ■54*71 HTTTT 'TPT ^ ^ ^ fl

5.?. 77*r, cTJ/^^,J/?W( ^ DV'I'Î

8. <<'»7-<3/?f 37771*79’ ^ (Politics without power is impossible) —TFT 4qcl*iii TPHttcT ^ JfiltKi ■5nf4r"% '5*74 î?T "tl i^qil qeiqi ^ "4 TTJFftfcPi ^ ■?T*T '^1

■qr 37T9ifi:cT ^ ^ 9ra ^ ti "qr^ "fi Tirn x^t3 l9?fqcfT î ?iRw %

4?! qft cTT^ 14q?4 ^ 9 TTffir-TSTTqqi %=h(rHH ■pRFTR tl

■'TtT

^wRiy. a+iA ciVi") ^ ■qn 'qT3 ■qsrqiT TT^qtfw q^sn^fqqr ^ "Ji' ^fiRweln XmiIRi "^4 qT^qqr «h<ii

<iiiilRi qrraqi1^ ■qqh srqqq qn^rr -q^ ti Trq qft qTTqq-lq^T (nhIRt qft

9. hI/pô^j cnlennW 379779^7/7^ ^ (Radical Democracy is Impracticable) —qejfn^ ar^j 341 fi

=h<.4> ■qqrRfq q4 ■q^-Rrsl-i ■q>T4 '■-.. -4 qqq q4 q? tqrrft 4t "qq '4 apqa ^1

fl'hni

Ttq qiT ■*ftfqiq> piWnq "377% 4 qrrT^qTTqr aroorq ti tft*TrwTraT^ «rqFR

4 ■qpff q437T^pTq> wWas 4 "q)! q^ qqrq 'cfrq! "q^ qq^îqi ^7ra^ 't'l qft n^qqi qn•qei ^ qfp; q7T4 ti 3719 /qqq 4> TTqt ■4?if 4 q#' 'TF^Ti 'f^-'alqfqq tt •91 Ttf t) qH-fêln ii9Tcfq qft qicqqT 37q*qq ti

qRFfl

10. 77^979 *779^7—TFT 91 Hiiqpiiqi'it TT^jqiq qn 1q44t tl TFT 4 <,i'^<T<il 94

379^7191 "'»<'i> r=*7q 77579 q4 979557 % Ttet«ht 4 TT’^qiq qff qlqi 4 qt ti q4 ^rfqq TT^tqqi q4 qiqqr 4 "^fei tfq>T 3754 ■qtWt q/t qif q ttf^fti ■^, qq 1q?q-q^^cq 47 q4 474 '91*5 'hi'iii Tiq qft TT^qqi 5*tt Trrqqqiqiq 4 airqfqqr 1q4qpiT5 "44 4^ qur^ q4.ar^t fqFTT qfT4 9FT1 ti TT^pqcft q4 57951 ■q4 aiqtpFn qrrqi "sq qi44t qfFit q4 57957 qn qqiqr a-sm Ri-44 4?t q4 3775774 ^ 4q4 Iq^n ti TT^lqin q4 57957 ft cM q4 ■^9157 % ^ 4 574 TSftti fqrr 4^ 4 TT^tqqi 57957 q 4, qq 379^ 4 qqq q4 Tiq "qr qpr tfi ■^rn ti

qt ti 554 3794 ^TnqnTW^

9)K

t.

■?5 y<tiK ■qiqT ■qi TTqiqT t Tfq 4> 4t%^ ■qnqqiqrq ■qft 37491 377974 ■'TT 3Ti4tqqi ^ 'q| . 4Iq>q ?5qi7 374 qq q4 11q> tft qq 4lRi^ qiqqqiqiq qq 14579

Trq ^ f9ijq-qitJ^,q4 'ftcrnni ft597T qtf tl ?54 94^ ^ 5^ t 9cf5iq <i'Jt-tlfa

4 q^ q1 qîqR 4> qqqi ti qrft qrq ^ 377974 ■qr 41 tft qq fqqiq qralq q ■’7779797 Trqiq ■q/i ■^qr ■qqrq'^ 4q ti .

ti ^

5.8. w4(on WMim^ ^ ^jcjmjiwii (Concept of Organised Democracy)

Tiq ^rfqqqq Tqqqqi % ■aq^.Trq^qi 4i ■3^qi4 ■qqr^ ftiqr fqi i«flqiql 77lq>qq 347 «i*^9(q 44 tt ^T^TFFT Tqqqqi qq ■qqq 'q>T4 qi4 ti q^44 3791479 379799 47 3757 "44 41 qqr^ 97747■3947 'fenFF T7q4 qq ftyei ■qqiqi 34t 37991 Tiqfqq 379799 qq '14579 irr^q 14971 9^14 ohRki'ki

799991 957 '41497 419799 94 3794 q4q 519991979 99 «^<3 719741997 377577 997971 '9*44 75^ 19797 14 «9rq9 q4 T995797 94 7^ fq7^^ 1997 411497 419799 "qi T79l99 '419799 'qt 757951 '94 94 'qi W'ftoll qifqiq 419799 '4 ■qq^nq fqiq ■fqqi 411497 ■419799 q4 tti97k ^ qq1 Iqqi ■577 7797971 q5l4q a-î^ aqiql

7T9l%9 3797799 94 31951597 99 -1997777 1^1

79 qq 'Hq ti 1547 37579 4 qq ■’j41^555 5^TT9 qq =heii t 14 371^1997 -59 373719^597971 ?547 575 4l997 -^T^ql 94 37757 19797 97 59791 tl "^ql^ct 47 3!<n«f<q 99 14995 94 Wd4dl5^ eh<4> ti 19791 "qi T79797 tl 41979 3719 419799 '4' 975 5T 419795 94 ti 914 9®!^ 97 Tt1 tl

■59741^ 144-'^ ohI^hI qiTT tl 419799 47 ^41 94 37757Tq?f99i q

577(49 i.Mil!h=f> 1^97797 85

77^, ciJ/g'f/, (^‘Hi TcT ^1 37W ■W<^1 % fell tqajiai 1^ «R^ Tf "nf ^1 l^ffei^ 7PT ^ fe TPfe’îni % Br*il % 37i7T^ ■^' cffeTra ^^1 rffeira TT^kTII TPT Icruat "t—‘‘'TT'Tt ^^ t, fR ’Tf ’Tt

% ♦IHH feH% BN ^ ura ^ BfecN % fe^fe iw ■=7^ tl yuj^dl TT^mfep #W3f[ CRT ^ Tftferl t sftTÎ'illlO, 7N1 d«=hl ilfen ^ *i5Tq "^l F^felJ STSTTira ^ Vtf^H % "TN■iR rft •’itai % fei< "t, oH«i5K ^ ffe-^ ohP'W'iT ^ 1%cff ^ ^ ^ftBI ^l ^^fdy. TP7^ W'lPdn y'JiiflJi 37^Vn'iil ^ feBN fe^ tTife 7flyRi*l =*lfel ^ bWaji ^ 'TlFTF '^Tt Tira

•fwww

'Ji'iai % 'SRr BRR % ?^l" q<:ga: 3TR ^13^ 37K^ sfe ftnSR % <l'jHTd=t> TRTf tl ^ STN 'SilftRr % fetr T^

^ ^ BT ift«7q?KiSifetT TTFfrtfer«ra6R

^1

Ml«hfi5( ^ STTB^B^ (Criticism of Parliamentary Democracy)TR t diM-il tfirferf y'Jim'x ^ aNMRBT BT Iq=M« % fel( iTF^ ^tf^H BiR t

t fB ciifHld BfecR tTTBfecT TRT^ BtBfR Bfet •Mitii^'ll ^ feoUK 'dHRI tl % leai ^ ^fa=h ItTiSidl ^ ^fe BRTjf ^ ■<Rft ^ ctBP tI%B ftR BTcfT tl 3TRF Bl+d^ % fy^l'd

“HqgK fel-TTcl BI 3TBT tl 5«fe«. % =t)is1< STJBRR % '^HTB B^fe fPTfdtNH q-i'tx, TF 'nf tl S^fek. TR t ««'0<H 3RtRR ^ 3Tfet STIBfeB BT feBR

Ft ^ Bit % feij «'*if<ia. TRTRR Ri*m tB fe^l 11 FI% FTO

FRiT shg-ii 'JIICII

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Rel FITFFT B*} Bidl % felj Pq^lq FFF FF! +Td! fBF^ FFFFT f!i IFfer?, FFTBefT fe fBT( FF 3TTB?FF> t ffe BIFF Ft qii«l< qi«i(qq> BF f BFFT fe F1F Ff FI I

4. ej'Jf'fl/neh ^ ^/nerj/—FF FF FIFFT t 1FT FBFtftFT FB ^FR Bfet fe fell; artfeFTFTFF! ff FFR FTrt tl t FBFtfeFT BifeFK Ft F^ Ft tl BFFI fe feci t FFFF FtfFt (Bqjd FFlt t 3RFI ’Jl’f FtFFTF tet tl FFfeR FB-RfitF FBIcTF Ft BFFFT f!f) BBt t Fife Ft FB-FBTB! % 5'^îql ^ FBRI BI Bfel

5. BFfecf ^ BtSTT—FFFIF BtFielF t BF-FRFIsd fe BIB feBFTF IfTFI BIFT tl CiWai 'i^lild % BIB feBBTF felFI BIFT tl cnWnq ''JBhlfeT Ft fe ?TB! Ft FTBJcIct

IT Ft BR tt t str 3I3cFB BF't idFBTF, BBIFIFBIF FBIF'*iiqfWFR Ft! tfel. FBtB Fqg^ cdFRFBFFTI7FFT

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^ ^ ^ if mit^ ^ wirrf^ a^ ?#^,OTfsf?,- fwTtnsit' •^' 'gfe ti w<f*] dWdî ^ ^ TirTR i ■aft '»t^' ■gn ■^jHrn t afR

iTRrr-fn^ ^ ti aT«JîgTan % -^nt ^'jfrrqf ^ ^ ti ‘^^rdo. tpt ^ fy<^f'<d^ 'Ji-iai

i^r' il.it. '^=mm

^ f% ■^' ^ afk <R8jsig^ % w*t '(•^MPd^T ^ ^ ^ ire sr^ e!î

w 7PT TiancBI ^ •^' ■RHI t ■Sfl Tlt^ % •% ?Ht<Md1fd4’ ^ ■^' fcTRT T5^ ^1 ^ TI^Rtf^

^ •srSRI

did^'cra WTW % f?n3; ^tra ^ ^ 1^ t afk si^pft ^ 3i^«jRon^ ■'ITR ‘ «'it*i d'l'titi^' ^ ST^tTOnr T?31 f 1

'^' 4>W!’^ ■f <i'i^l t^tt^TIcfl % i^ciiMi 3?rara H <J(3li<l y«‘(l‘H^ 3^ =?7nr ^ it ®rf^ ar^ f?cn ^ trt %

^’’Tfijd h1c*jH:( 3<«<yuuii (Concept of Orgsaised Democracy)

TFT «ti5ii ^ ■fe TTO^t^ <nl'=tid^ «FFiT 3Tf%<«hKl WF 'StSl»ni% ■'TT '5Tk f 'cTTfti' TFTT^ ^ 'HdHi''] ^ TT%I «-i=M ^ TJî'

dUTfa % 3TF(T f^ TTTTf TFSTR ^ qif% it TISuTd* Stt^Prar tpf) -gr? % gq^ Mlciui ^77 ^ ^1 i^fdH TI^Fftf^ ^ Pi*il*'l ^^0 ^ ^

WT ^ afiT i\\arrsTgT-^-atfqgr HlrVi't' dWa^ efft mm) ^ alfl'TR'i fe«fl "tl

^05<n!

TT*TfetT ^«hd? ^ (dv)TO1t( (Characteristics of Organised Democracy)

TFT % TFlfecT dWe/d ^ f^rdt^d ^—1. *(?/pioh (ihftrtw (Radical Democracy)~XP1 ^ «'ifod d)<»itiW % fd<i •*<fld«t>

dUd^ ■3FT wi*\ 1^ tl ■3WI wn 11^ 'Radical' TT^ 'TT^ ^ 'Radix' ^ '^Fn.ii ITFRT ^fe=T *TFn T? 3TS? f-’^T^ it (From the roots)i iTt^ TF? 3=i*i ■qi T*TFfrqTTITFri ITT ‘Sranr Tiq 'Radical Democracy' qiT 3T^ "nlid'h dWnsi ^ dWa^ '^.'^ TTFR % IdHdH T^ % 3TFTR qT fH'lRja ^l” 3T8TffI^TFT ^ ^Fflq T^?11TFT STrit ■H'iOH dWdâratnr^ ^ 3tmt wn ti '

/^STfT (Associated with Radical Humanism) —RFT Hj|(dd d'l+d'q qfl 3Ta»TFyn '5t% frrar?) ■qq-’Fiq^^rarq qr 4tfiri^ qFTqmqTq qft ■’jcqr 'll ■st'^3T5^K—''qq-MHddl'^K TT^TT TT^fSTT d]<?ici5* it f'l ^FTfetT dWc73 %

qrt stHdl «nqT q^FFTT ^ ti'nnii" tft q>T Hn«ioms (Radical

2. hI/pkh H/'tW(i(cf«<( ^ ti*«f

■f^Humanism) twqRURT "t f^Tiq ^ arnr ftr^TcT qi-irât m3 qrr fn^ ^ tot m' 3Ft^ wq qq tto' ii tft ^ 3TOiT^ -JTFqrrTsij qf) 4f^ dUcra it tsttf ti iq% ■feqi TT^^ dl'pci'^ qT^TFr qrTqi qt 37tt*to ^ qTTOciiqK qq om^^r TTtqjTO TFsrq'ti-

HiqqoiqnreiRqi FR % ftiq Hltdqi dW<i5i<X(iq

Tt ^ 4f^ dUd'q qff f Ifrq? FR Alfdî

Hi-«4ai

3. WTTT ^ /a(i^êfc(U| (Decentralization of Powers)—WJ q>T q?^ 11^^ qfm '^??7 -elA SPT^ TFlferT M'»ij?i^ qit STTOIFFT if TT3T %

11% 3iruqT-^-3TruqT 3q1^ effr •^traq -q 'TTtTI "A qFftqiT qqiq TT^ dWn'si qft TSTIF^T q^ TFftall mfcIT qnftqjfl qc1-fê1i M'diciq q>t T*hihii

qrf. %^^qqTT®r tt^t^jt rqA>'<0'f^''i m qftT i^qr "ti th qrr qrfqi

wit^'v^fitf^ yqqrrqr s?

n.^. m. ^ ^ aftr scil*! yj|i^ % ^■?Tfef ^ dWd5i ^ Ti^ a^^T '??R "qr w'lfdd "q•q^ y'lfed ^ ^ ^ ii •^qqrr wnr t ^ ^sTT=ft^ #qf % ^735^% -rntm ■t ^-fg#T yotra'ji ^ wnt ^ wi y?Ra ^ war ti

3iff^ ITc^cft "STf^ t^cfSai ^ FTW 3TFf^ *i<ii'ill

4. <?mA5’Jt Wî/rf? (Partyless Democracy) —TP? ^ hihi ^ 1^ ^ tT^-ilfn=h % 'fld'd I’l ^ -S'dai ^ <.i'Ji'il(q<t. tqi^ ^ ^ q'nW "5^ 3PR1 ''d4w

'tl ■fl'icii % 1^ ^ CT'irnK 3in^<a1 Ft?ft TF^ ^l aRici-Sijpqa q>T WTPT T^l

"F^Ff^ appft V'lfed dUd'd ^ ar^mcJii ^ -jnTra q5T^ ^ ii ^rafq m«rR^ ^ ^!c!t ^ «Hi(vi cnWax 'f^, a-elA % 'WT^ ^^ "^l FTT^ 3?q^ dl+d':< ^ ITF^ fPH t ^ '3pT-qTMTqf %scisp^ <rfHil ?TPq?IT ^ 'jfifil ^ ^ Fl%l

^«*5a1 f^l wifcja dWdst U'ddlfd*oqnq? tfp "qq ^sqpft^ f?r

«wra ^

^ *ft ^P-rtT’^d^nai

5. *<1/?i«f» ^ciTw ^ ^ fKatiicat Democracy as a SupremeIdeal) —XR ^ .hmh ^ oin>ii5l TIRR 3rqrfe^(f (ii'j)1=ii<^, qiTfft^K) "'dddl % % 71^F^ 'tl oqfiffl "iRdT ■^-^5!^ WR

RR ^ ti -sfm dMRii^l FiRR ^TTR ^«rar % %3; %r

T5IT ^TTFTI 'Sf^f ^ «c(a5(fli '5 qlci-l ^ +qa5idi "qt FTîTT

F^ ^1 diiKiipl FMF 'q’qiferqf tpf ^ ^fa=t)dl ^qr '9^FPM9rf ^ tr

^ q*R FRn aft <aWflat ■% % ftq^tF ^1 '^''^ IRiK FRiqF^Muiifd41 ^ eiWaa ^ 5te ^1 ^7^ ^ 37K5f ^ ^ ^ ^dsini ^ "TTR^FI F^

QcKdW

fltiqini

6. wlehfi’a ^ yjpfqj W 37^775^ ^ (Radical Democracy is free fromReligious restrictions) —TR ^ '^TFFT ^ fti cft^KR Fft <0qK =h<^ cfWt ^'TTR % <H5li aft^ Ha|«j< ftRT afRt^ ^FF’i *ft A*<nRl ^^tFt "tl

■ mfif^ 'g STTtqiffHqi îRhiql % 1^ ®RF*n q»<dil "'JaflRrft .cTRkR ^ ^ ^ % STIMR FT aitctl Î'qqKl qnqi aflFT ^l TR "^n qipii ^ Fq% 4lfcriq' tnWad F7T FTF ^ ^fWTlsff FTI ^ Wt ^ FRRIl

7. AAAin 3fWWqt«» (Decentralized Economy) —TR ^ î-ni ^ Tlapfif^ ‘FTtF ^ FTF 3TTf^ w ^ %--iOq=fipn «rt 37ir«fq? ^ -wwir^ f^Hdiaft' Fft arq ^ ti tr qn ^:?qT t

% 1^ TTapfrtTRj tqn':<nt qn ‘^ft^ RF^ 'FF^ '^1 l^FcnK 771’Rf %<?'Hi'ci<.'j| % %>? 374oqqt«n ^ ^§i(q 1^ fI Fq^ ^F ^RFSTT-fdijIaH ^ FtF^TlfeTT "qF37I^ffi!F fWi aqq>i qên "t ^ STTf^qi ^ naiiji Ptqâtd (Planning) ^ F^FaTF^ qPF ■% "HRif •a^fcRRf % ■jaFF ITTâtfqqi 'f’RF^ fIfT RTIF^J, Fife

Fit ffer FT , ■qrg f^t Fift ■qfeqr ^ oqfei ^ FFrnrar fit ^ ^ftf <0-11 FF^t Ffe FTfe FF-FIFFFTFIF F^ feFTTFRT Fit «)iq?iRFi fen FI F% -SltT FtfeFT eftFRF Fft fSTTqFI ^ -Î^!

tl Fif %FR FT FFFT ^ ^ FI^ f 3^P FTFfefe^ uFTFF ^ f4 F^ Flt^ "^sna fen "^1 FFFIT '^flfeFi dtFIcR

q=pai

fe 3#fe IFaFFi

4lftdF» Mlehfl'q FIT '<lai*fll^ FTF3F (Political Organisation of Radical Democracy)

TR % 3T^nT Frfe 4l(<rtqi cffecR FIT «'T3HicHq> FTFI feFfeffet Ffe-^ fe FFcIl FFt TTfePlt FH ^ Ftnt il aRFT Fit Wm^JcTT TSIpftF

ai-i<4q[aql % 4i«q*i Slfe^RF F>t FT^Ftl FF Ffefeff FIT fdqfq-i FFlftRIR STTVR FT fFFTI, aj»i«/ijjnq/—TR FIT Ht'1'11

88 VTTSfe 7?an?/ff^' /qq'««n

•siii^'iil ar^=t) 50 ''R ^ fiqi'qi 1%^ -fliij.'iil■aHylHldyt % aril^ TSTpft^ ^hIhRi ÎTT F^qlP’ô afnfify Tt^l wO"^ tiRifn ■^' ac^qi

IKT 5-5 yfdrnfy ^ iniiAl î-ilq tqîiîif 3T^ qVi'î-1 "^l

II. Mi'fflq «)«f>-q/<qq—TR 37^ nUcnqi CTWd5< % W'lducH'ti aiola ifii«-i %irfcfrq ^ vijmi ^ ti 1^1% wî! ^ % otur4 ^ 'Siicti ^RT qm.'iil ^q4< 'it qq*q> RdlftWR % ?Rr 5 ^ %1^ Htiqi ■qikj.'iil RTR ^114^1171^11 cl*ll ■^tRt aqiK JJiIqqqi' ^Wtl stiqil Jjifqd41’ ^’jia4<+,<u| r=tiqi •JiiiJ_<iii aidl^ ■'Tft^ Rl^rrftR^ *Tt aftr ^ O^nA% fell ISMt wrHrd^l »ft -^ftl ^ WtR •'ift^ % 40% ^ ^f*TcI3iiq?qqi 'ftRri '3^ Pl*Ji^ •q-iHa TftiF ?Tn ■fliy.'iil

R.R TFT. ^¥W, 7f?/?R?, ^RilU ^ OTW

% TFlf ^ Pi4e'i qil'Di ^7iAq>aqirHqi

III. ««T^ ^7-y/<qq—TFI ^ qi6H % «i<qii<. % «h«i Sik 'M4Hifci'tii

g7l4 êjl’crcl •JlnRq'^ ^RI qiyl'll ^ hR^', [gW'^HfH'ti ^ ^1^-441^ URT ^«ITwql'cq ■3R-'^TR^ '^RT '?ktl «Hq%q ^-aRq<\ ^TTCTTTI dq44, iji-kci

Ml<ti4 ^ ^ 31®I%Rn qiA'ii ^ ^7iiC(*TlI 441 q H'TT k ^ ^qt«iisi (Legislation)TltkcRTf ?Ml -RR ^ Wm % Trikkrfil ^TrfRH ^1 % RfilRlRrTf IRTftiRT -dlii'lll IR^ irra RRH yldPTRl Rqllqa 'îklll ?4t cR^ TR^ RRI % ^ÎdyiRjdi R^ 3T’T^ yRiRiRl RiqlRid RRIR fqîH sfk ^ RH kkni §«4i 3iRiRqd3 fkf^ ^ *ft R357 îTJ k *<441a îR7 '(q4< apR^ WFT!^ ^ ew4wiCTq> 37^5? iWl^ yJll^ ^ aî<a ^ ^ 1%^ TRI k 'iq4l RRItT ^ TTONiTOI "î tR?

^ aiol-^ Ropk % ItT^ 4t ^1 ■

7i1<*i43 qAr?n«h Tllehtra T|f qRqtti ,(Transition from Parliamentary Democracy to Radical Democracy)

TRI fR RRI ^ RpflRffk RR# ’STSTWr ^ 'WTT 3TRTR ^ tl5«Ri>< RR^kl ciiqiaq ^ nlRiqi <nlqiflq k q^ciA % kl’? 4sbH''i '^>R1 ^ oqqt«n ^ ^1 §«4i

dVlA ^ ^ ■§—I. Jitfif ^ i^TSTT (Education for the people) —IRI ^ qigil't ^ TTkf

■^rf^ ^kt, rTR rf^ SRrRknkar 37k 3TlcR-«*îi ^ Rra fqqiRin ^ ^ «q>ail f?lfec! 'SRfcn ^ 3R^ akkîRt % RBtî RRIT tfqicd ^1 'dd4i kTOT .kt oqPqfl ^ R^Ww fqqiRl qi<4ltl klSIT R RRIR ^ 7=kk ^ 3TTRR tl 3T3RR krai ^ Rk t~S7ft<T ^ ^RRnat,sfk ^RirakRkt ^ fqqiRin «lt.raRcII cRTI îqii oqiqîRep "gkraRI fR aqiK TRI kl^ ^ ^RT

sRlkr ^ ^Wcl qi<'i( qie4 ^ cTrf^ «(Rki ^ rRrI t tt 3^7 oqRw RRM t 3RR1 ■?RRr qPiRqq ^ R%l ^ aqiT< TRI t kl^ % IRI OH-llRiqi RRI % ^FRRR % RTR-RTR RIRlkra HRqtf'i RiT Rt RPf a<i«i IkiRI tl

II. pT^-^chTÎ (Economic Decentralization) —TR7 ^ qie-ii t RR^klyuilTft ciWdq k <F'ai'flRn qi<.A '^TR RR RRi itRT, "RR 3Tlf*lRI îRkih'I RIRRRRR Rit TlkRRf RiT [q'4>'41=tit''i R fqiqi "Rl^RTI ?Rklk ^-414 1441 Rio STôadWT RRl R?R7Rt 3l4oqq<<ii WRRl RT RtI kRI tl RRRR RiFRI t ki 1RRI Piql-dH % tR 37lfski fRRiTR '15I ^ RRRHI «raiî % rqqi-41qi<î ki IrRT RktRIR Rit Rtt kiRT ^ RRkITI |Rt RTF w^qiiRni RfRRl kt ■RTfk^ RRPRsk RH RRmiR k RRR Wt k RR RRR Rft TRRI tlkt, kiRk RckRT iaikd Rk frqaqai RR kRRR tklT sfk R^ Rk RSTFTRI tkfti

RRfk? Tf^MtRrW) (qqK'fl 89

TFf, ??t ^ ST’ît ■+i‘iRjfl cnWaî ^ ^ tq<p4 ''IT 'Srail?T■?nBT ^1 "S^ oqRtfl wflsra} ^ ^ qilnn "TT qqi-^ % ^■^1 "5^% ‘illw'h ^ tn'l'haq ^ '®R^ «Tirn %1 ô-ii ■%nlRiqi <r)lq>qq ^ ^T^MR'ni ^ îU Sucrilq-iiQ, *ft ^ ^'i■5Tte

H^fMch Ht^>fnr aildl^^f (Criticism of Radical Democracy)Tf^ 4tRri=h <jrayR'®il "f—1. TT^ Xi^nlfaq) wasai =f1 ^lerq %l

2. TR qij Rft 3TT#^ *tRtft^ 3T«T1?RF( ^ ^ ft

3. TR ^ ciWctq ^ iqicîi ^ ft •3^!gPi=h Î'woq f ^ 'JMHa ^ Slfq^RtT

^ RtR ft ^raPr ^ Tn5FftfcR> 'ytayn % f. Ppt sft ir^ ^ ^ srfÎ "

«=hail

«e=hiRfli T73f #ii RftT ft ft^ft FH ^ IT^^^lftciT % ftf ft ^ STsiszR^ '5^t TTR ft ’l|i

5. TR f ■5R-'??lRftRf ^ •JJfrg 1^ f I RR f Rtfr, ff^<Et 3Tt1^ •?RPTT3Tf

% ^ ■sPT-^TfttcRf % iTTWm ^ f?l ^ TIRR 'WOT '^pf ft

yq>n, TR y-qiaq ^ 3RtnRT\ tpt 3?%^ aîw'qntsit R)q<K ftR 'T^ ft "a^RttfR tRi 3TIT®R ft pR ft TR f tfftf^ JFtfcxiq^î^“fqfli siqioq ^ <?FRrr ^ qi«tlq=n ^

^ -ft tfîT f, cf^ grrft ■JTfTwjf ft 3TR f¥fR f?if ^ srfsira^ % f%w f‘ pRtspr %PFR nqiKi ■^rft «rT '^RTcIll a-iqii 04Rm ^ % PFT^’jf ft

^ Ri^K sn^pRT <J<AKqi<{l TRftpRi+qaqfii

5.9. TRT ^ 3TR*lt«nit*raj *jc<<i«»>’l (Critical Evaluation of Roy)

TR ^ Pq-qi iRi "^ft ^ 'ôT % '51% STTIIF ^ hR'J||« f, t^RFf Rf^RT ^'iRhi ^ Sf^'ror ftfcRi. fpRi STtRf^ ^Rpf ^ ^RiRqq Rnqt îlTT!;t TR f STT^

Rif ^ ^ ^ ffRif rn=M<îi t f^ q^HN îqnlRiqi R 3TTff^ '^RFESn RPR % TPTO =FR7M

RiT RPt RiRqa Hft RFTcftl RRf 3Plf TRftfcT^ pHTti f RPR Rp tqaqai ^ T73f R RRf c|fi5;1rrt ft FFPT ^Rft R)t ‘iRqi rIRirf % Rf9R "f RFrSTjf R5Rt Rft <alq

ff % 3Ppn RR-RPRRRTR RH R^R’jf Riîa f?I fRRT ft ?Rt RiTTR RF '^4q<iT RRT tiHqiicfll fqqKqiT 'f RR RRl ft RRRR fRTR-R^gjR RR Iqqn, RPR Rft RR RFR’^ 3RTRft RRf RRRtR pjRRR % ftff RTt dl+dS RRI aTPTR ff RR WR ft

RPT-lqel-i tlRPR % [qqit. gKT R^Ftf TTRRtftRF Rpfl Rp RRiTRcRR' ’JpRR % RfR RIR ^tR "SPIR IrR! ft RRf ff'lsqi^l RTRfRIR % RIPT ^ RPR RRRRl Rp RT?^ tRRiTPrf RR 3R1R Iqiql ft

?RRT ftf % RR^ ft 3T^ iRgpit f "SR^ fRRRt Rp SRcftRRT Rft ft fRRRRTR RRTR RRf f <si^ pRRpr RH *j<rqi=hi RPF^ ^ RiFT f TR OT^fRRi RKR f R?tR R TRRtfcIR? ôqil f RRR RFR ft Rpg 5RfR Rp RR RF f % RRf tpf % rIr ^RRFt ftf RR ft rItRR f R RRf.ff^ RTR^ RTI ftRF f R RR^tf Rp RRt RPPit ^ ft RTRR f RR^ tW? R ft 4fHRi f R^T R RRtTl pR ft 3PR RIRfR fRRTRp f RRf SrffRT iRgR IrRRR) TR ft f I fR RRRT RRf f ft TR % iRRlf ff HSiq Rp Tft^TT f^RT ft ?R RRRT FR RiF RR>f f PRFTR’jf f(

RR IRPT RFRPT

TRPT RIRpR RRpftPlR’ fRRR f R^qi ttq qii

90 Vrra?R PRPP/ffRT fk-îi’f>

*17. m,5.10. Hraj^f^%f^■^f%^W?Tt^%i^raIT (Thought of Nehru and

Lohiya about the Democracy)

W % UST*? ■%?: (1889-1964) sng^ W ^ ft*lf3T3ff ■^' ^13;^ ^ ■3Tr=?t^ % %7, Tf^TT <i‘>nll{i<t»Tfifteraj % ^ "ti ’TCit^ ^dli ^ ^ firw utti «»i>hI0 ^

W^RT cT«7I ^ 9'j||flif3<n MUiK^) ^ y'TlI^ ^1 4?lfV■g^' (tpf. 3Tf^,% TRTPf ^

SlhiWteT'^ 3TTf^) *R cl*n ^ '^’ 3RTT ^TT. Rtrar^, <}rHlf«ti ^ % fe^îy % "T^raT TTSU % ■«‘44^ ^l W ’Wq«4'n

cT^TT ^ (^■gRVRT ^1 TTl^ Rl^, '#37 7ft ITTiarf B«Tr ^ 7■377^ TZTiaff % ■5RI7 '5^ *ft 3T^ 7^ 7# ^1 ItR gjTcT: 7? #7777 7*7 ^417777 777771 % 7^ ^! 77 77T ‘t^NUl (71# 7 77#) 71177-377771 # a?R7I 7# ^l 7777 TIW7R7 #7i77 # RW-TI^t TTTTTT# 77?R # 7717 # WITT 7R7T 7tl

Hnqa

^577771 3TT#7F % 77q 77# #77 #117^ ^T # #^1 7R7 # RftmT-tTT# 771 ^77771 # TTTTc^ 7R7-#7f7 7777 TtTTIT WI 77# f77R 77# ^f7#—‘-STTcTTrTT’ (AnAutobiography), ‘l7?7-lf75T7 # IRTTT' (Glimpses of World History) 771 ‘tM 7ft T^ra'

■ (The Discovery of India) # 3lfifft77 3T7#T ##, 7# 7 7T7# ## TT 77# t'l

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rftr Wq-fl/oq) /qTRch 91*in

nn. m. ^ sr^ aif’isqg^ ^ srq^ 3rfcrPiftFTf ^ «fi<,fi't ^1

■fl'iiiRiftrM ^R-Inqlf^fl % ctiK'^ «nai •% "Sf^ ^ 't'l

^ TIRR Vil«tici5l ^ 3Tr*Fl 3fn ^ IVi-g f 1%<R^*ia TT^ tff’ia ^1 3TfI: ^ tiiVyfa't) ^ ^ ^fll^ViPi'ti <s'^’inT ^ o’J^P-TT

"^rf^l M'îmiBi'n fqP'i'^ TTjRtfciT ^ fqf^-i ^ ■3Tfiioq'»fl efn;^«R¥T ^ f I ^ 'S^fq^H'âi 'TT ’fl ^ f^l

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-^Rf 3TT^ wn^ ti '^.f. ■ftro ^ ira i, ira ftMii-flfaqi 3?T ''R ^ ^ ^ft^KTfRRT pH-aia ^ ^-Jcricti 3il 33? qcnai ^l”

Twnîtg fH «*«(•< ■^'

% ■^^ UMiiria : ^ ^ ®n f^ rf^Tcra ^ 3?*f"tl cilqiciq Xi-Ji'iirn'î ^ "R cl’^

3Tlf*^5r cT3T ^RFJl’STt ^ ^ ^1 TTJRtRr^

3. 3ii(^<t> tTSrr WlHlPilch WHimi

TRHcIT ^*1T CTWti'q i^qin WTcTT 'SflR 'R' ^ f^qi'Rjct «<*cir ^4>d tiqiai ♦HHi-iai

T^l.%^ ^ ^Tcl 8TT ‘‘T33r ^-3n3TIfs^^ «ii*iiP>i=ti■g ■% "^n ■^' tl” <Srf: cTRF^ 3?1 c1^ 3?f>7^-'^-3?fv^ eM

3R ^(JHlWffj '^'ITHPTflT ‘TFw

^ hIRish, srfiWTO ( 'ii'iR=n'l' % aTTMHiKT) ^^ fy.Sl5il) ^ ’Tt ?^T ^ H?rq 1^ ^l ■

yiHif^qi snfzfgr f3«RKt ^’ff eiW ^ ^>r ^ sTtv^nr, 3fâ ■'tt^ ^ ,WT "SfR TTf, %«T. ■HWlP^^ TI«n W^s^T TCT % '3^ ^?R ^ ’^rfFTiI

-qr *ft ^ f Ifi«n #qnra ^ qpT^ ^

1% qi«rq<?> dWflq '^'Jilqi'r 3T^ cI^TT SURfe TRPRh clHiT 'Wlfqcr IVqi ^ 'tl

^ ^ 8n fti qror ^nqrfîq? ^=qK qR ^sqw <H=hal ^ '^snRrqiq qn sRt ■?î ^ sn^T^fFi % fq?? ^ I •sT^ sf^sK qrratq rM Rrt q cit efRft sraqfi qRti<i'‘ri ci*n q ^ Trqqtfqqr q 3Tif*lqr ciWaq qR i^Tfqqr ‘qqq 'î wqiqifqqqq qrt qq T^qqn % feiT -^qq qiqri q? Tpq ^ qqiqqr in q^qr •qqt qft arq^ qif qiqrq qR ■^qqqqr qra ^f^'di-srfqqn? qqr qq-qdfqq^ % <HiVyfa=fi iiT%rq % ^ qsjq^

qftqqfq qR ^qi^rai % snqT-sigyTraq,qirfq qw qi^ qR qft aiqqqqii ^ ^ wqq q^ fq^ "sqqii qq «tt 1^ qfq Fq^

qnf^rji’f qqiq^ qftcqiq l^qi qt ?q^ qqqjT Risuk e^q's qsrr ^qrr IqTqiR 3tqfq 'Fhfti

4. aqftJq; q^tqq : ^rorqqtq q^t q?nqqi : % dW^ q^ ‘qpqqq;^ qrtqjqq’ % qrq

qrt sTpt q^ ^ ?Rq qilqiî ^ % TFiq ^ qtfci Rrfyrqr ftnsjqf (q^^nqR'q %

qq 3Tq«T

ct)<r«(|u|=tii

fqqiHHiqqT

tifgwjcti q«q TTTfRrjjf ^ ^ IqqT^ % qqiqjq qr qqr Iqqii

^ qt qRT qnqr ti qîfq ^qfqqqq ^qqqqi % q^ % qi^ q? aifctqqKl wq %qR ^ '^qqqqi qr qfqi cimim, qq^ qn 1^q q^ qniî qqqn q «HHni ^ «gcii qqiRiq qiq% ‘qqrqqT^ qqjR qq ■qqrq’ qqifqq qiT% % qssqr 't't qq *q fti qqiqq qiqrfqqr onq^sq qR qfq qqqi 'f, qff q^qqrq q^ sqqrltq '^, qj^T cfl'ii

% f-rrt ^ cfPTt'

qq iqqqqr

qi^ % al^ct FTiqq ''^dq ^lifqq» qq qqqqq. Tqrfqiq qn fqq^ whi-ji

FTsif q ^1

îfqqqq !?qqqqT qqi qiqifVqr qiqqM % "qq^qq qqiPra qq^ qR ^ '%q^ ^ 1qf^ sTsJsiiqFqT qr q^ fî fqq4 fq^ q*n ■qr^qlqq? qRff x«hk % ■ssqf q?^ Iqqnq qq srqqr pHt^'iii

y'+'K qq ■qqrqqrq qwq^ q ftin ^ qq^ q^ «ti<ai, q ^ tqsft q^qlq % qqiqq qq qx^qr 3^Pf3 «i4v(iR=t> 1%q ^ qq qt qflqr ^ ■qqsfq qirqr qqiqqrqt q^fiqq qfi eTF|_^Tq

^ ^ %jRTq5 fqqqq (qqq^ qpqqisrf), *jfq-'^qR qq^ cqqfqRt-'cpîq), Fn^^rfqq^;'

92 qqqfq TnMffn^ Ihnn’*’

nn. m. w,ftopra 'hT4st>*i, ^^riH cfii^'il Snl^ ’H6KI Rrt^ll ^ ■3?8TH q q>r'H('Ji Mt’’TT ‘*'ili ■’TQf/

■%^ % ^‘iMqi'd tq’^'1 "T^J *|T ^SfTcTlf^ WHi'Jiqft wiin^-^qi'^ ^ ^*^1

■TOtfrr TT^ ^ Wjt-Trff t( TTjfrf cf ^ft?7# gP ?rg^ TT^

^ ^ TWHI ^ 'q6Tq'4_‘'i ÎHI, Iqî??. 'cf^^r ■^|SpR^51?n ^TI^ ^ ‘'T^TfteT'T? 37TFfT ^3?cn^l

‘jjîehH : ^f.<?v <;rtWciq ^ STq^’iii'Jll oqrqfl '?qciqtii HiT^t^ ijcr^-fl % Ht'^q t^TqiK '^1 5^ eh I M-Jiraq ii-fliliciqi îRd qj'.-^ ^ ^ -ii'iReh 3Tf^qiKi

^ oqgwr % TTT^^-wi wnftR? w 3TTf^ ^ ti ^ Wrf^ ^ 'snwVR^n ^ fqqiKH ^rrl aqw fq>qi, ^ ^8jt ^niial <hiW^ elT a^q>i®^lqfl‘icl T°RfR3T cWT IRTTSt qirqi''i % ■^H-THtnn "'R STmrftrf 'f I

/Wflia'q ^ c^lgqi ^ f^^fTT

51 ^ *^-<tg< d)fe‘^l (1910-1967) »7R^ % STKjcR % '^. l-q65|flJ 3fl^rt-i% '^T5R ^R=h cl^n ‘ [qs,)^"! % qK^qi TI«n)f6^’ % R 'SIT^ f I ^ Hiq+fqi'r 71*11 Rl^R^ ^ RRifw %=g ^ ^ ^ ■37i^3wrTW ^ ^ irgr cft^ rpJ w^.^HISI'dK % ■=irR WTT ^ tl %? Re! i!7i 1^ I^Wlf ■^' 'fsftRK ^ tSi^yyqq fqqKttlKilt ‘c^lâiT^'S ^*0^R’,

RTîiqisl ^Hiql (TI^RtfilRr (q'i'sCj'h'.eii

'?l'lf|.'4l ^nqoi ■'J^ Rfecl (1934) RITIJr RRFSlRT^ ^ ^ 31^^ ^HVqiHqiT ^ ^ ^ y^<3«hii)y % ^-fl'Iei q>i4<6 *711 1948 "4 q>lUR R 31^ ^ RR1I RiMRIT R5 y^l yni-qqiql

5^, 1^ R'yqd RRRfRT^ c!*n aTRRI; ^HHi^qi'd 57T % ^ Heqinl ^TRTI 6l)i?qi «l»iq et-mlfcij* er*n ^r-a-^lql î '3=1% fq^Ki R>t br% gru %Ricr TRRisff "^feTihR TkiT f i

STStlH^ RT [clclli : cTtf%Rl URTclff^^ «eR?R1 R' {q«qi^l *71 lRv^ <54^ H'^tiaq WHi'flqis ^% -3^?^ '5nRT ^ ^ RieR tl RWif ^ arm c#i)'

?*7T t, ■ftwt3TIR ^jRBT ^TRRI tfeft t B»n TTiRTcT RIi eit^ t WWTB RBRR -qX ^ W1 BBRi-d) ^ aBR

% aiTflf^T (37rr*f^ fBtv^^TTOT) ) ?TR lirB Bnt BB tl

RBon

8ni -dlî a^RTT yailfiq RRTBBI ^ Bflt % 1^ t XfBT % fqq)'si^<''i % '4 ^1 y'»)idlTqqi oqq^ RlBfRfVBIBTBr

RXgB: B^RBlfRBBt t? B«B (2) BBI SBR ^Bfel 1?RT XBBB 71*11 BfeBI ,X7R T7 ^1^1 t 1% B5 aiRt RTnfRBIR BIT 3fBB HBtR BIT '’717111? W TRB^ "t a-i=hi t 'f^ aH^PlBI ^RTITTR

■t '+t4<d tl BTiPl yRiPifR ■cBBTSB BTRKlBt oBBPB t 1bB5 ^B1, "5^7X1, '^TTB’llltlBB 71*11Rt eitiVisfa tit tl

oqqwl

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.■RSPT SRT "tt RRR tl,ai^RR yMliciq "Bt Bft BTTTtfBBI TRUTIB RBIRIoUfckl -Bit ■^^TfBTlT rrar rlt'Biri'B : RMNdK, BB ^'attel "Bit 'TBcfBcIT BB B5TB1 'tB! 11 eflBIcIB

ohIbb BB BITRI B RftRI -t' fBTBTR Tilt -p; 'fBBBR ip TTg,j^ 31BRT BSR -BBt Bt ÎBTRI tl -^flftBTt, 111111-BiTt, RlRl-3llRSBfB71tl tri-t ^ TR<R11 dIBtl* TB7fBB13l1' "R^tB RT RBBBI 51^

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qiiH qi<

daiilldBi Brff Bfty<qil(l q>4qKl t, TIBBlfB^ 37T*^«hit R qpqn TURI ^HBTTTB

TTRTRTtl TRST TBtBBTB : BflttBl % a7^71R,j RBUTlffBBI .'^TRIBBTB TIRnTIl BH 'T+Hîei tl ■1(B’ .■q^,371>jrfRl ttRT -BlItRI RRHcH BB 37*f 17TRlfBB1 BlfBTIit -Bt ^ yq>K o^qfelTI

TTBTRBl

RBUni^BI TTRIBf "RRIRTB, /RTIcflB 17B7)l7?^ ftqjeq? 93

OT, ^ fti ■fRR % «<feKi ^ <}Iâ srftRjR ui^ ^j%| C1II5411 ^ cIR^lfc1«<icll ^«<nNi f, ■^-'^^--■5^ ■«*iHar.

•«rHi<î ^ sraf««SI^ '»’6l '^1 ytîK 'HHHcU^rf ^■qT 3TT*nfe! 'SRRFRTIS^' 31^ îT=fr, '^FR ^ ;jnf^ yujJtff 3TOiTH?fI3Tf ^ Sfa,

sraîRcna^l ^ SRI snfî cilft'Hi ^ wHunt % fHsftT ^ ^ gf^%■

3rq<gg>ai^ ^ ^ yw'ti ‘hi'+4, afiT (Marx, Gandhi and Socialism) ^ Îfilop■^RTT^' % TRR ftd<ii gsTi ^ %

3n^ll^«h tiHimi =F?^ ^1

dlfeqi % 3ijyn,■^' fd‘=FW % srfiRT 37g?R -f^ -^1 Tjfift gjT HSq

*^cii-<iH<l'^’ Wiftcl ^1 iHehi fqqK *JI 1^ ini'll '4 iHHHdl

wTcdl’ ^ 3Tig?g^ ^1

•flifqqiq W 3TTT^ :.dirgi|l sirrddK ^ '5^ ^ ‘'snf^ gn ^'Mri -dirdclK^ WT^ •qr •qg?m fq, :5^ f% ■qRg grff gn jjirdqT if cT«n wfM gii ggf, HRF'ifi ^ gg ti gg^ igg^ ^ snf^. ggf grr gg 3fgm ig?gr, Ig^g

qifl qr ^gR del Rqi 1r g^f qgg g^ gnfcigt gggr ^ gfffggi ^ 3Tq^ * ^Riîw-ggi' (Wheel of History) g' s-îrHdi q^ iRi gft qfg g?t Pd^l-dHi g)T^ p; g?FT t ^ giRr^' ggi

% q^FR. sFTftg^ ^fwRT ti gggn qg gi % *nRi 'î qrrfg ggr g^ grlqig dW') gfl srig^ggRj ■f i gnfg-qgi gj) qg^ ferr iggi qqrggrg g^ cini gi ggRii

fgggq gg q^ fegi 'ti gF •>fiffl«t) ggrqqig

f gg pRiditui gvft -^fraqg ^ qriJTTT, ggf^ qf^srf grl oHO'jq' g)l WFqgr gjrgi gi, g^ gftf^

gg^ ^ ‘qqR gFiftgr

cilfegi g ^Ferial, feql, pHtss g4 % siRrai^jgft ggj srriggifq^ % ■^, qsîiqn. qqg

hI+PwI’ gn^ % 4' gg ‘qg^gWcTT, grgm’ ^ ■?gR qr ‘qgR grgpR, f^R gWgi’ gg q^ ^ fi

foRnr : cilfeqi gi^ Ri grfliRqg’ h^Ri ^ qqrfgg î 3R; qftg?fg % gf fewicHdi ggig gng % q^ g^ î ■a-eT'^ gft gigiîisl oqq^î gsg wiRdn gfl fFWirgg? •flRigT gg gnrl qgsifg ggl- jgigii ^ggg IgîR eg % gfg gtq^ gg^ gg l^g g^gi f ^ q^gniF gg qp! ■sf^g ti

31^

qgggg gr

Fq% arlgftgg gg qqg sri -qiqsifci'M % gg^?^ gig^ gge^ % qt Igg^ î gg^

qqg gFt qlggR qqflgg gf) gif^ qffqg g)gt gi1%^, spgeg gg gq gif^ gg aqitfqg gq ^ qqfg grggng gg qgieft î

y-dlnq efif rli(g ; HHl'itqiq ^ t«iqni

dlgiflq qror gff qqRgsff gi^ ggi qlvigisTf gft^ ^ qgqiiw g^t qig

qqgtg gfigigg % gegg qr y&iiq Iggr î srqg) qg^g^ ‘1g?g qigq qqg % wrqf^ gig gjl gq gcnql—uiq, fggi, qigi ggi qr sugifei ggigi f i

gfl%gi agfeJgr ■fg^'^gtgqni % q^ f i gq qqg^ ^ ggugg % qig^ qr qiqrfgg? ggrfqcg g fgggg gg qg %gi ■î gigl gff ^ gg gjigt q#gl' g g?M gg ■qq«fg gg^ t, ggJfe g^ gqgfl g^l gg sgfeigt îRki % %^g)giTg ^

qgqigi

: dlfeqi gg qg gi 1% qigggg ggg sjqRid qqiggK qqifqg gq^ 3iqq«i î qggi g^gigg qggtf^

gggi f ggi ?q% fgg fq^û Ig^’^sfggg agggggi g|%gi

n’gi Tigg' % ftrsig. r sgqrftg fq^-iO'jd îgggi g»t ggiqgi gggft wciR»>qt’ (Fragment of World Mind)

^ t'l ggfigt, 'tgi) ggi glqi gggfgglqiKÎ HM

% q^tg^qg gg ^ qg fggi, ggffe qqiggt ggi gqqqg-'qig^ qt 1ggt tgifqtg gg Igggg ^ stqqiggi gg ^nqi f i gfriggi g qrgr w IqO« gq^ ftj qqt qqgtg qigisif gfl qfg^ ggp^qt gg qigftg? gR ggt gtt qqn fqgi gi^ gg,q^ %gri'dHT'tKl-d-^dd'g ^-’ilq ■jgl^qg gg qt qq«?g îgii gg gnfrT-ygr gg ggjfFT ggr sirreig-gtRi

94 iMllfh'fy /qq«'?i

TR,>}/<«/« RRRR

^ ®il a-?!^ Haîdl TR^ftfiT ^ '^'H’+l ^?f^5F[

ITTO^rf^f^fTT ^ ^) ^ sigW^lPi^jl ^ flT^ Trai % <^>'^'t)<'J|

«IJ(n'=ii'\ <r5it<tn %annl % ■'R 3lfiRT?*T^ ^'RTt ^ '+>t«is) (^nJ^ft^RlT yalcti), iRi («Hcf5 ^■TT^RFTff yal^h) ^ aHi«H) ^ h6tii wwiu? RR4^ [îhiI<rllffe^l IRIffS rt*n ■RRRofl^ 41^1 ^ t«<iHii % ^STF ''R («**Hii'j,“I)-Milcj-i ■??R qai'î "tl a-?!^ fqjfqtm ''R <i*iaiqi'0 tq?q«Vis ^

t^RTTi TTifnT wrPra a^Rni'^Ri snf^W I4^w rf ^r^ fro 'sWti

tjpqi'qii : cnirbqi ^ ^qiaiTq'î yniqqis oqHftl ^ âqfli ^STf RRR^TT^ oHqîRqi 1R5TR '^, <,iq-i1Ri=h R 3TTf4^ "Rf^ % 4>'-s0 RF ^Mi-qqisl îifRi'j^f y-iiiallV'fi wiq-i'l IfPR =IR^ ^ a4fi| ■§I 'JRlft aa.iOqx’'! % fR^ ^ 3?l5i'lRl'* .oHq««n ■'R cilfeqi % fqqK Y’^' fl4'4'id "Rlf^raK, RTRI^rfR^Rn R <^Piqi

fR’^ %'3RR ■'R aiî tRRR yq'ldq '^' R^-RFRlfRU R R^-RPjtfl % R^R^ ^ a-i=hlRRRI RRcftR TTRRttR % ^RlfiR? ^ 4 M^rR'jyf ^1

% 1rrS 4) <?illeqi RRpfct RTlfR^rd % RT^ RiT Rr4^ RTI ailR.qi ^ RR^ % fgRTRRP

5t7

■■R 3RRTftcI RRR ^ tqlq>i<. RRcTTI

5.11. ailVidT % ■^^liSRT ^ ilRdli % t^^nr (Thought of Periyar about

Asmita)

'IRhk (RfH RRt) % RTR yHa* ^.Rt. <hiwi41 RPIRR (1879-1973) 3TT^fRRr RfajR % RR-RlRRi RRT RTRlfRRi stillaquO ,4l RB^ RT^PnRTR f^Rt ^[qs % SRT^ RRl 1%^

RFR4 a-i4>

1rRR) RT RFR RRTR RRT "3^ RTRIIrR? 3RRFI % (r^ R^ RR^ Rft "^RRl '^l a-^'l^ 3RT^ RT^^ltRR) RftRR ^ RTRTfRRi' 4rRTR, R RRr) RiT ritR 1r^ ^RTTI Rf sfq-S-3)JV<ai (RWRIR)% R^ qcniy, R^ 3RR5-RWR 3TP^cH % ^^fRRiclf 4i

+qaqai-a<i'0<^R RR^ ^ (1920 ^) '^ftRR RR^R % RRRTRTRR-^f^ R^R^ RR^3iR RRl 3TRJ7Rrn-fRRTRR R^) RtfR ^ RRlf^ ^tRR W RRRR ?lri^ ^ Rti| a-?)^ 3RTF^ STTRt^ RFl fiTRI cTRJ IR^Tft R RtRIRF R ^ R'Hjfqd ftjl R5TR RTR R^ RR^RRfRHt tilnfa rI^ 37tR^ '^RT RRll

a-?lA RTR’RRil’R R^t ^R>R ftRTRR ^ ^ Rf^ R^ RR Rr4r ^ ^RiR RfRTRF R^RRI

RRT '^-'^RRTsfi RRI RT^TRf % fRR3 R^RRTjyl 'RTRR f^, IRR^ "RIRR RRR % 1^ R?4Rr^4l RT?FI-3TRTirR ^RTR RR Rt I^R tRÎ

q>iil41 ^sii' % wlqiK R^ iRiRTI y>cia: RifilR ?RTRRR 1^1 37R RftRR 4 RI^fRRTR RR RRT RRR RR fRFRR '^RTI RRRH R^ R1

■fe RT?r^ % RR RR!^ r^fiSfl RITRR % 3TR1 rS R^ RiRTt Rlft^, 3T^R1

^-RT^M RI^niRIR % STrRTRR RR RfR RR^

^ ^ WnfRR’ 'H'^'Hiq RTF WFR RRRT RRII Rr^T^ftR RfiS’R RRRi

■^' Rt Xtl RR^fTRn<tiKiqi«

^ RRR^ ■^Rri< ^ VS Ri^ ywiiql R?t TRPfTR RWT

arftJIRT Rft 7^ : OTRI-Rron rim1<rr

Rft RF t R^ R^ WR T(R? R TRRR IRR^ ^■WftRRI cRfR^ H^-qii RR R)R RRTRt f cTRl TTRIR ^ %R RPl^ RfT RTR qi<,a1 ^1

chl'Du % RK (1925 4) "^ftRR RpTel 31^ '^-RT^RR 'R^RIR RT RI^TR % ■jflRTIRlff,'^ cT^ 3RrR-tH*^M SlKlcfR-qciiqil '^ftRlT 31R^ Î'^lci'l R7f ‘s(f^ TT^JRTR’^ RIR

TRRR R^RTR' ^ TT^ fRiRlI

RlWtS ii'siilfh'^ (RRTT^ 95

^7- 71^. <ri}fs<ll. ^ 3Tf^m -sn -3^ ^ ■îrdRi^ wm ^ vjmj ^7t=î m #Tf -gft thfcti■'R antTTftcT WTPt=Fr Siis^K ^ tRf ^f?r&iT. TFTf^ ^ •il'tiR'-il % sifyîR ^ "jnRf î % *iihci "3^ ^^ ^ T^?5r ^ »it RRim ^JWT % WTT^ ^ W WRr ^l w^'

% MTW^ q4w ^ % 1qTT3; ^ '3TTRT-<H**fn fqqie’ ’ll >>iiqin»ia f^, f^nAyjfsa ^ îrTO.'RRn (qqie-'ft^K <^**1-1 s-^lA q''\l‘>iM ''R qî'MKrt,

IpsTf "qT ^rfMy WTT^ WT ^ ^1

guf-cqg^ cCT : Rîf-

f ^ ■jNf ^ ’#rnRiW''

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God) “A ‘ 3TRR-<^‘îi air^R=R' % qMim'i '^7. viq>ii<! sw?) 1^1^^ ^ sy-q* SR?aii^qii t^r??i^1 ■^R'hh, ^ 'ân^ ^ ^-3^31 tih^ ^'OT^rr Rbqii ■3?^'-rN

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41 ^ tl

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r-

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lt <-^ql(l 4 'TF ■RF1777 tl41l

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(1944 4) 'dlRee ■qltt 47 717 Riciqn sfq-s 77777_ (D.K.) 74 cqiHH 741377 3=tl4 'SRl^T 47 ftn^

96 V77J?te-5yn4/4^'?77R7^

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% "5^577 787T 37%^ (^<n) ’TI^ ’'TT! *Tt7 "^^T^cHTT^ 3TF7teR qciNil 1949

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Ifl

'+icid: TT^ % TfW ^ 37=71^717 373FT TRf s(f7¥ 7777*1, (D.M.K.) 7ft '7*77777

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TJ777T777 : hRtR 7 '^l%’7 7777 7ft Tfcia ^‘iRsti,'777^ 7*7 '3^ 37f7*777 '7ft 77t^ %ttlTT ■Jfel 777% ^ Pq-qn 77%, '% 77^7: TTlfTTTTTt %l TfcTTt % 377?T77*7R 777 mI'ii^ %7 "f^

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■jr*er

'%' 'TT^T'TTT^ '7% 7t7 ■%% 77 dictu 37*7t7i7 q<ni% 7*77 7777 sfqsiis 'Tft '*177 '7R% %7 '7^1 7t '%ft7TT '77 TTlrffTTl ■3%?7 'TI^T’Tt'% q%*« 7% '3^ slq-at 7% 77777

377T*Tt 7^7 377?*ft, STT^fTTl 77T7t7 IhhiF’TT’ ^7 HTTHtTI pq-ti-i (1971)

%i3I7R { , HTTTt^T cftftTl (2005)

'^7 (t77777777) 7*77 )r<f (ntlg'-fl) TIH 7%t33 7%f37l oZtRh ^ fq^K (1996)

'TlfeTl (Tt.T^TI.) *737t7'TTTTtlTTr 1^1*77 (1996)

77777 (17®3), 77T7t7 TFTTtlT '̂It^TT (2000)

^f7=F. (%5 177777) , 771^77 % 7737 *77 (1991)

fW (TT’l.'Tt.) 7*77 ('^) PeHiy, 77T7t7 '77%tl777 'f7*77 (1996)

'^ÛehlVI 7i<iM>Ji (Jai Prakash Narayan) '

dl+71777 % '717 7 fqoyia '^TTTTTl?! -ihi'H'JI 377^1777 7Rtilq 'f%*77 % 7^77 '7377 Iqqil^f f l % 'TTTTfTTT %7 ^ ■% 37777 'TTt^ Iq^lîTlTl % '177777 ■% 7FWJ% 7t77T7 f 1 %

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yniqii qii a

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3Kdl*l W31»|oll< %7 h^hI?! t 3ft7 3-1 <n1 'Why Socialism'

R*Tr-3^

'% *7373 377% 3% 37737 tl S^PciJ. 'c7t37 37*737 '^3*737777 '373Rr3

y3l'd<4l'0 yiltrq '%' snîrq 3*7 tlf

*7337*7 <(an)/a«f5 /qq/<‘7’“ 97

XFJ, =/;,5.12. 'fllcti hR^m (Life Sketch)

■HUdlil aflT dl+HW* HKWUI ^ ■^RT 11 3T5^, J902 ^■% r^didRiJKi ■^‘ ârri imi ■=!m ■'pRiit ^ f^mr ^ ^ ^«7TI «h4fll<l *)l •STîl 1TT?II ^ ‘iiq'iim ?Jtl 'Ji<<M=bRi -iKiq«i ^ W'fcf'TdTf WT «TT, 5 ^ ^ 3TWf ^1 ^ 6 ^ 31ig #?Pr ^

^ "3^ Tjfg % t^<ri ^ siRaci ■ppnfw^fcfi «fti 12 ^ ^ ^ T5g % 1^

’IT ^ ■^5TT ^ ar^qftsTcf %^3^ in flrfeTT ■mn % ^ irran ^ ft nf sftr ^ irraifT ^ wrm f

wi 1IFT it ^ irftftn w ^ ^ -qz^n ^ ^ iRt«?r1^ in'Mt % 3i«ieqlii 3TF?t?F f infJM ft iF3;i qttfiji fdsiqld im

, qic^«Mci ^ ft •31'bl ^Rtqifli ^ iFT^^ftflT ■% ■qzqr % *<5^1 ^ yfqqi ^1

qiKui t<5tn % 3T^ yoHi’^qjH'h ?!TI 1=P^ iJi^ ^c4d^K %

^1

16 1T^, 1920 ^ Zqqn Tfiin# fft ft W, m WT ■^Tf 3Tft5|VKl»l 1%^ «TTI yîq ^ ■^mr z^ftf ■qfj} ir^ Ifprii ^ffn aiqil ft^ wf *fti

^ Siv-il qnt ^ ■^f^5r sT^qff ^^raift Tf 3^ <5i=nl iint "q^ ft srqf itft% zft sfk îwn qi'ft anft ■jft «=ni+< snf nwift ■snesn ipi sftr hkwui -ft arqft ant ^ 1w

TifTiT ^ tfrri 1922 ar^fntr -^(f iri|■Z^frf ^nfftffn PoiifqfqQiciq ^

't><f % ^ ^ nfi=M‘il ftsn [qyqitTw-i fq?q[«6Ji<iq '^'■ft.xT. ^ tfrft iinft #^ TTT^nq^ ^ .iFTTi q^ ■% ■qriq-^*? ^ wf 4t q^ qf artq nfff q^.^. ft qm qfti adfi qrq "ziftf qt.q^.ft. (P.H.D.) q q^ ^rqr ilk ‘qnqit^r^ qftqfq' (Social Change) qTq®r ffqq qq amt qftq qft, q^ffn arqft qmr q^t q»qk ftqkt qtr dHNK ^qqrc -f qfkr ft^qrq qiqq fftz aqqi

\

qqrqq fftffqkq qft tw unq qfti qf qq ^ qf artnn qrqrsmT^ qn wBqqq qjqf qn qî nf

q aiqii qiq ■^.qt., ft.^. q^ ipni zqi^ qr? zqft ffqqfqîmq k' qrqrq?!!^

qmqqnqq % ariqqq q arwTrqq qtrf f nf iqqqfqiq qft qqqr flkr f+qii nfff qiqqf tifqqf % qTTq-qTT«T qiqqftq qqi Hi-i4-« qiq qrq qft iqqqfqi^ qqqik ft. qfti ar^mq'^ ^ q^ qrqfqrft qq qiî arqqt qm % ffq % qrq qiff qrqqtff f qrfqiq vrq ^qi qjq tqqr aik qrqq f qiqqfqiqt qqr qrqrqqiqt qrtPq qqf % qqift qq fq-qK qnf nq qiî 1932 % ^qk arffqrqf arqrpftq anfkrr f fqqqqR q>qfi qifkqi "fH f qf .qrq qqri qfi qq qqqtt fz qrq qqt^ cftffqr.anrtqr fniT qqi qt^qqnt k f qft ^îfqq ft qrqrqqift tqqRWRT % fi ^ f ^ % qiq q^ftf qiq^ f 1934 f dii'ily % ftqq qrfk.♦<3fl3iai % qqq-qnq aqff^'qlqrqqK qft', (Why Socialism) qiqqr 'jqqqr tfnfti fqqrf q=^ ■^rqnrqrq mf qk arrqqqqun aîjiT qq qfq ^qn fq? ■jqqqr f nf qft ohiRi um î

qrqrqqift fqi ftf % qrrq-' ft f 1 ^qffiq 18 an^^, 1941 qf "nf ardq qqqnq f ‘q?qft q^ i^’ ftffq q>q% nsnqtqrq f qrq tfqri qfi qq nf qiqftlfqr îfft f tqqrq-lqqqt qrqf qtt ^fqqi qft ft qf 1 k qiqf% qiq nftf-qftft qft fr' qjqq qjtft anfkn’ f qf^ qnr Inqii 1943 f ziflf ■jqr qiqiqqiffqf qft 'itRcni qqfqift ^q% tqfzqi qriqfq qft Fitf qjqi^ % 1^ fftcT tqrqii qfft qft f 'fiiit'q qrr aûry

q qniqqiqtq iqiq % 1^ qfqf fî 1936 f qqqqq?! qiqm f«H(ini

afR

‘jpT^r^n?! nKi^n

98 V«o)«/ iMilRi’Ti ?qq77qr

K'H.«RI^ ^ c^r=hi ^ H ^ <?iiita % 37?^^ ^ "TT^l

■RFIM ^ ’’Jr^ ^ <1'^'^ 'Mll^ 3^t7 'tiiil^ yHi-Jiqi^l ^ 37TWf % qci^

tHHi-îqiRq! ^ Piqiici "W sftl 1950 ^ y^Mî Hkniî ^ î-îqif^q'i % «eql^ ^*^nn1q '^’ ■îH'ii "^1 1952 a-^'iA ■j'fl'41 <,i'JiilRi wl.^377 (qilqi ^ % qql5,q (T*ll

3ii-qlcn leîi Hnqi 3?k ST^Hl qqlqq T^TFHl wiiA ^^*7 #1.

28 37^, 1958 ^ 37^ <1*71 -^fq % 37^ W*ft fTT^STR ^

■TTraitTTÎ ?77 ÎTPI TjitTr % 14 Wl1^l 28 1W^, 1961 ■4' 37^7Rf^

îTPl Riqi stH ''TT ^fiiTa ^ ^13^ f^qi I 1964 ^TTOT criliiA "'TT TT^TF?

^ ^\ 1965 ^ m. 3ik ^ -p; îfro -^ti

^ ^l¥r ^ ’JW 71^ m ^ ^ TTil W gifro 377^ 3^ 77I7R ^ TT^ ?377fî-wmn 600qcri|771l 12 37^, 1972 ^ 4-^1^ q^qcrl % ^l^STf

rîll, (Af^l TTF 'hl4st)H 37tq^ ^Hyiciai "STra ■577 37^1 -IKHÎ^ fî wg îJshM % im -3^ ■?rak^ '#7^ ■'TiPTTr 1î

37^^ -3^ % 37^ '^' 3^ '^Hdlq cT^WS 7371 ^ ’^PH) 3^ tf^<4H=6I<I illciq^ % Ratni'+i 77PU sMpq (Total Revolution) 37l i),ciii fqiqil qlquii 3fl

Mtfl- 7^ aTW^n aftr 3^ T? 'SM f^ wi 3^ % ttIftt 371737

7S7T3 37 33773^ 7711 '*77771 n«il' ql^lO % 313 33^ 7377*77 "P HKiqt 377cft 77737K 3 "37^

777*7177

3773 37777 ^RlTTIH t, 3^'l 26 ■^, 1975 377 ?P^ 3f37 1T7T

% 373 77737T7

12 W37, 1975 ■31) ^ 317 f^l 7377»7 '4' ^ ’ÛR 377^ 37 3*^ 1977 ‘'3337 37^' 337*77337 3>1 afk 1977 ^ îiql ^ 313f 3771 3^73 SlRlvt '131311 3? '^313 '337J311?! '31773*3 3ft

3131717'^ % 3137 7ft3r3ff33> 13*33 *7tl ?77% '373 3713737331 31fT '*37^ 77371 -s-^'l-^ nVii-fll ^777^ 311'37337 '37^ % 37*3¥7 % 3^ 33733^ 33 37 '7737313 3733I qlnid % 3177V7

^ % 33 *5f33ir 3737 3fll8 373^. 1979 '3l1 77 3^ 3il 377^ *1'' 33317 73*f3777 ^ 3371 ?3 '573177

n'l3>iiqq>. 'f3f3 '^317 3 '337337^ oq^Kirq 317 373 '*7371

T3R7^ (Important Works)

dl'6HI3+ ■3f357^r?7 '377731*1 ^ HeTq'^'Î 7331^ Ri<3<^<. 'HKcflq 3 '*7773773 7^ '^’ 37337 '35T3*fpi '3t3^ 'f^ f I 37331 773^ '3?# ^77731

fddll 4-^T^ 177 '37331 '3 31777 77313313 73^ 3fl ql-Jiil '*77 oqinqi*fl '77t3**1^33 '333*3713 ^3137 '3l't yPnnirqci '3177ft 'f I <.i-fii1Ri=n '3777 311 yqVi 771311^731'37*713 % '%T* 13137 '^1 '33311 '57^ 7337^ l3*3fcTf7^ f-

1. Why Socialism? (1936)II, Towards Struggle (1946)

III. Democratic Socialism; Our Ideal and Our Method (1949)W. Towards a New Society (1958)

■V. A Plea for the Reconstruction of Indian Polity (1959)VI. From Socialism to Sarvodaya (1959)

VII. A Picture of Sarvodaya Social Order (1961)VIII. Socialisni Sarvodaya and Democracy (1964)

IX. Prison Diary (1977)X. Towards Total Revolution (1977)

71373lfc731 13373 '% 'Why Socialism' 1936 'ft

'33 ft %t37 ^1 333ft 37*3 7337^

*77777)3 7733H351 /qq(7^ 99

J?.?. TFJ.^17?. 37f^ 'Towards Total Revolution' ^ TW=IT îT% ’TRfT ■^' wiiviitsl

% Rgcniyi «ni «fiT snun % arrait ■'tt ^nra^TRi iki'W% 3T^ Wm-jIclK'i Twafsn' % ftirf^7 1977 % '^1^ ^ ^ ^ ■>TlcI î 31ct:■^n^RiT?! -1K!<(U| ^ y'lW TWR % îPi‘if''i ^ «0^t< <73?^ ^1 f«{vff\-^-Pfi'^Fq ■4' ^mFirarq % gn ^ qtqvi 1^ ti

iq y=fK '»I<JM'til?l IKt'I'î ^ 31^

5,13. 'Jt<^y«*>iVI '’TirraW cFt W f^^TRT(Development of the Political Ideas of J.P. Narayan)

sR^ trara %R ^ % '^r tR? w ^qoT, araRFratq qffql qiT 3RI ?Wl. cR <R7 TRFft^l^ tqn^ni T’i ■^Ricftl "SR ^ 1929 ^tfl <s-?l^ ■qf^R TRRtfiR ^ ^ 7^ RR *<i^qi<(l ^ tRT'jRT^ îlfR vfl^ ^>1 tilq'ft q5T ^1 1932 ^ ■qitft ^ ^ STfîRT aiKldH -îf^ qm %qil •jqqit TF5Fftflr3Tfq^K^Ki Ril RR ■gSITI <ST!hl TIRRffcRl fRRRRRl % f^<4ilR RTI RR RFA RIHl RT

I. RR^sn^.'^q (1933-1940)

t-^ct>a;

-J952)

III. RRMI RRRRRt ^ (1952-1964)

IV. RRU "^nR RT "^q (1974-1979)

I. Hiq^ctiq'! '^—1933 ^ 1940 RR RRlRnTT qRRR rI ftRRRTO RFRfqi^ HRR T^l TR RRi q^l TRqrsTf rh aRZRq artfen r r7 1^ sni -sr ^ s[RtT RifqR

STR ^ RRtfan^ 1^Rf RTt RRcl Tf % 3IRIRtî '3^ 1932 % RWI% sileViTi 3ti'c)cii ^ rUfr rfi feqi aik R ^ qiî rr ^ RRRRt^ ^ RRqf rrc?

37R ^ <j,i<Tii RR?fRK RT RTRIR RR 3ffRR Pn3<a>^ 3TRT! -s-^lA 1RRRT RRff ^ RlRlf^Ri a^tT Sllf^fR RTfR RT^ RT 1î RRRRIR RRRR RT 1RRR RT f^ RR RR RRRIR RRIR RRR. RRRiqR R qtNt Ri 1rrr t^rt rr rrHirrH^ tRcRRi r!1 RRqqr ^Rit 'ti ?Rt r^ rtr rr^ % fRq.

<5'?!'^ aiTRnf R^ ^ R SP? RiRjRlfRRf ^ ■RR 1rRR>T 1934 i, '♦>!•)« RRTRRT^ RR R^ T-*Rqqi ^1 1936 3^ 'Why Socialism' ‘^^RR RTl TRR R?t% RR^ RTR?fRI^ fRRTTf RT qtRR %rii

1940 R îfqRqR RtRIR? Riq fRR 3^1? Rt 3RT 33Fft R^l 'JR RR ^ RR^tft RRTRRI^ % RIR 3T^R RR3 IqPiH RRIRPC-R^ HRJÎR RRRTRI fR RRTR 1933 1940 RRRIRRVT qft q^R RTfRRRtl RRTRRI^ RT Hl'^Jqi'O RR ^ 3T^R IrRI^ RiT Hlq"i IVqil

II.

d

ffijR RRIRIRT^ ■^—RRRRTR RTRRR RRRRF^ ^ % ^TTR-^TTR t^R RI^tR RT^tRTRTtt R1 Î 1942 TRIR RFIRR RTRI % RTtR wls) STIÎrR ¥ffRR RTR fvTRT alk -jlcrl Rt

^Hitri ^ rIrI R^ R R2 rt cT^ sftr R3T "^RRRT fq*!® ^ TRTRRT rIi

3RRT RIRR RRlR^tR VRTRRTR

II. wîai

qî ^ RlRRTRt 3TtT ^ RvR RRTl 3=#' RTR^ 3^tt ^pTR R R^ TllTRRlRt

TIR % RlRoiRIRTR R RRRtR tlRTSTRlR RfRR RIRTR RT! ^

TTRrRRT^ Irrttrttt Rt RR RR RTR^ *^l 3Rt^ 1949 % 'Democratic Socialism : Our Ideal and Our Method' RTRR ‘S^RR fcO^, 3Rt^ RRIRlt^ RTRTRRTR RT 37R^ fRRR <=Rqfl 1rRJ

1 no w<nl‘i ii'jfillh’t’ /RRTTR

W.l. TR.Tm<0^ y\<*dii TOOT ^ afk ■ara^ ^ «ft yfrimf^d %oti

■3^!^ 1950 ■^’ HKflV-i 'OTIROT^ ^ 3it îHti 3ftl 1952 îrI ^ ■5T{ ^ 'nf afiT

«(sMi TisnftRr ^ ^TOTTO ^ ftiOTi

tkTmW

■—1952 3TUTO ^ ^ +jlsh‘< tJ-flilfrt »l'S^< fîliii^ -^l 3^ WH ^ 5Trf% SJOTTPOTI, ^ #TO ^ ^57^

% lOTITr 3iT f^l 1954 "f- •S'^ ÎW TT^J^f ^53 <ni'<{lti*i ^ OTlf^ TIOTeTrir %1^ aiPflT ^>7^ ^1 ^j-sTA 1958 U^TI^ Towards a New Society’ ^ "^lfiyi 1959 'From Socialism to Sarvodaya' 7^31 ^ 3OT Tnft TÔTSll ^ 7OTR3it 7«irTO ^ 1^ TTOTI 3^ «4<OT ^ I^^ROTTT % 1^171 % 1^ 3TWtqct'si 1%OT 3^ ^ TTSrftft '213^ ■’57 ■'3?fi 3TTS3 ^ 7?3>7 71^^711 TOTTST 7OTTO

% 3OTT7T ^ TFT OTTf

IV. 7TO7I sBtI^ '^nTTOT^ OT7ITO 37^ ^ 371^ TO^ OTOT

^<47OT 7W 3i7^ ^ srftffr ^ 1^1 !974 Oflilfd ■*^' «(«tl 'yoti^

^ OTfOT cFH

in.

7FOT 'W'Sk'I ^ 371

3ff 3fR aM 3#?! % f^, 3JT 7J^ ÔTII 3^ OTTcl ^ 3^1 717337 3ft

llfao) ^ fiacii'#' 1331335 nsj^ rf^ 35T'<ni^qt-i ftOTlI ytfnHjTl fP^TT Fnft %

fiatniH' “<H=t5

3ft TIFTOl^ 711773 M37*T1 3ft 7^ 3)icit3ii ^ afk CTi<ai efftft 7713 77773 ^ ^713 ^>31 3lf^ 7773177 ■q^ 3313 33T31 "31 Tlftll ^71 % WfOT 3Fft ^?f7I PB31 aftt "^Wl 3ft ^?1 "ft '3^1317,

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fW 3311 12 33437, 1975 3ft “ftTl ft I73I #1 % 313 34?1ft f%T^ 37l1 % 713313 ft ^1331 31^ 33 f33W 1%31l 171 ■'7!^ ft 1977 "% ^3131 ft 3lfft71 777^17 3ft ^ 371 313 ^ 3ff7 ^lai

^ f^l -^îft ^333 -TFijft 33P3 33 ^ 4jtt ^ 33t3 ^ 71311 ft%3 ^3fOT3?l 7733 33p3 % 31331 31331^171 ■3171343 "TTOTl 3fq 7^'f ^7*717 '31^1

■%f43331 371313

(Political ideas pf Jai Prakash Narayan)

'jtÛ'hlVI 31713% *731 7lftft1ftl31 3lftf331 '3ft SlftlSl 1^ 7331^131 51llPl31 97f33> ftl l^fft ■ftr3337 7331743 3PI31 % eh^îiO] % 37413! 713^ 'f%3H ^*^ft Tl^lftlfcl^ 71^1^17 ■3ft Tlftl

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*?.7. TFJ, (rtlfe<<l. 1. ^ 9{^t4H‘Jii (Concept of Socialism) irare % "^RR^fni rr*n ♦iifern ^ 3TKnH fsplT 'TOT sn^ iR fli'tTl

'*1^1 a-?!^ 1936 ^ 'Why Socialism’ i«i=t) ^ ^ "3?^ % RlWRT ^tFl fWI HKO ^ anînmi "'TT ^

% ît(-ii

T/TlflW '^'Hy'hRi -iKH'J!

MKcfl«4 '4<H HI'>!'=( I >1

aliqTH<. fî^l aH'^l HUH *?T 3Tlf*i^ SlWHIHcfl Slk

^ w^narf ?ft f i ^ 'htir ^ rtttetctHM Iq^Hai^ ^ ^RTIRT ^ anl'l HHi-Jiqi^l îHi-q Ril RT 3TR^ ^«i=h

'Why Socialism' t|' fRW^ ôf^T '%Rt afk 'SlilR ttR % 5^ ■^' -^ ■^RTRt RR f?7R. Ihh^ ^PTTRR % WVRi ^ 3^: |qa<î RiT 3rif?fe RTRRRI RT an'^'i fRRR «R 1% aaVil% TT^tRRRR "RTR ^ ^ ^RTRTRTR Rft ■?*RRRT «^h«i R^ Î % ¥T*T H'^'^flîhOh =♦><.«I R>t R^fw RScft ^1 cRF ^ asjVi Rt STTf^Ri’ fRRRRT Ri^ R5TRI ^ RiR R^

l

RRÎ R^ fR^vRtRRTR RR ÎTTR 1^ ■a#C R^' RTf 3Rf^ IRRRRT RR^

^fFTRR? RRTRT, anl^ "^fR % ^ '4^ RTRTRRTR ^ ST^f FT^ RiR^ RRTRT1^ RR RRlfRtR RTfR^ RI^ % RT*T "4 1^, -JinTsiO RRT FRIRT lRiRT RH? R^ FRRRTf Rft RRIRT RTÎ 5«<i ^flftrfTRR He=t>i(l Ri^ RRI RTRR "ÎRFTl STlfR % hi'HH fRTHT^ Ril FI^RR^T R ®HiHiU4i % RflRR ^ gRR RTtri

oqi<2HI

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f RRT

% RTR^ % lR%RitRrRR RT RtT f^l anlÎF RW Rjft RRT RUtR ■^‘ ^îfR atiVli % FRrRtRiFR % ^tRRv R riWfliTq'h FIRRI' "^flR ^RR RRRR MHRi RI

FRTRRIR R^ 3TK?f R^t TRTRRT af^n FTR^ % ?KI ^ qifey.! «A[^h RR^ RRTRRIR RR ^RIRRT RRR^' RR RRT R^ ^ FRT^,-RR RRT RRR RIFRT RR IrIRTR TtRII 1r^ RIFRI R5^

RTT^ % ypH'^l, fRTFP^ sftr R^ R^RR R^ Ximlfa^ ^RRT RR 1RRRF tRTRI RTRt RTFft "SFIRT 'V/hy Socialism' ^ iôi f—“RT\^ ^ R^ RRTRRTR R>t TRNRT RR R^ R^' RR RRTRI, RR RRT RF TFTR Rft Rlf^ STR^ FTR R ^ ^l RT# RF RRRT % FR^ ^ RRI RT^ RT FTRTR fRFRRI rIr F®RR ^ IF Rff ■RR-hh4h pF WR ftTRI RTRT RlftRI ” fR^JRTF ph<«i fqiRI RfR IRTFIR, Rf^, ‘idq FRt RTRRk R^ ^ R^'4flH RTT RRR FWt Rf FRTRRTR Rft TRIRRI RnTRli RF ’fl RTF! R^ 4aii % FTR-FTR ohRki RTf 3TRRt RVa^h

acHisi

FRM

^ RTIRT FIRIIFF% r^Hi FRTRRI^ FRTR Rft 1*RRRT F^RR R^ "f I R^F^ RTFT1^ FRTRRTR RRRtR ti^^Pa RTl fR^*-fi R^ %l RF RF% RI^RR ^ ^1 RTR^ RTT FRTRRTR RTFTtR FTRjPrf % ^ ^ 3TIRFf-FRr fR?I-^d^<

RTRRT R RRRJr RTTRT, Rff RIFRTSff RRI RftiTF R^l ^fR ^ ^fqfl % ST^^ lRRTf^ ^3TT

5«Rhj. RtI FRcftR Ht-jifn RTT epFRT FTF^ ^lFhTRRTR

2. ««»•«/) fRRTT (Views about Sarvodaya) —RFFRiTF RTFRW ^ FFTRTTsIIT fR^flRT *TI^ R>t RTF FR!rR RTF cT^ fRTRTF RTT^ 4| FRfRR ^ RRRTT RTfFTITR FFt ^ RftRR % FF^ 5^ "4 RTRRFT ^ RIt FR!rR RT^ RPT TftRTR Rft 'JTR^ 'Unto The Last' ^ FFTTFT RTRI

RIRI 3^ fâlql FT^ % RRRRTTRT RTFRR ^ Fi FR% RTcRTR RT RR 1^1 ^ FFTR

% FT R^ RR RtRR TRT 3T^ RRTRT RTF^ f I ^ FTTRIR FFR •^' FFTT RTlf^ RTTRT RIF^ 4 RTf^ FTTRtR FFTR RTT' SnftfRT, FIFTfRRT R TTRRtfR^ PRRTTF ^ F%l RRR^TF RTTIRR RTFT—“TTRfRR R^RRI Ri^

RfRT

'■# 1^1 FF "JTRRT RTT FTT '^-“FRRTt FRTf ^ 3TRRt FRr| fl” FRTrR ^ F^Rf^RR 1rRT^ R^ TRtRTTT^ ’gtr

FFTchT

FT^RRI RRTR R\RRT R F^ HiHlP^tti RTTpR RTT T^RT '^^TTR tl ^crlFTR FRf^ FFTRRI^ % X0% RTT^fTFf Ri^ ^ FTR-FTR Rff-P^^l-i RR RTjR-fqgl-i FFTRRIR ^ STTRTf 'ft FRfRR Rft RTFRI ft RTifFFT ftl” ■ftft-'ftft RTTIRR FTRtRTR % RTRT -prft RR, ftft-ftft RRRft FHI'^l'^l’ft 3TTTFT^RRRRTTTT

102 F7TR?R TTR^/RRT /^RRR

’WtW =777/^«=|T<^<4 «Hl^ ^ 3^ ^ctioi tlROTT^ sfrr ^Tiro 7T^ Î-CKUI 11 life ft ■’TFra-1?^ ^ ^ ^ tit ft w4t<q -a^t

t % ’TH^-STRHT “qf^ t slk ^ Trat^ TJ^ -aftq-l-oiT/^ swr-rt ^1

tîwirq'ticii % arftrqi "q^ Ti^’ti TT^t^ ^-<<01 ««Ta5ia(, fr*n ^ j?K^/T ^ F^ STfV^ ner^

TFTTf^rqi 'fllqi % TI’Tt 'qf^sff sniPti HRT TT^fF? ^ arPFT ^l”

m irrRr «n ^ Tn«rff ?ra '^r■«lfV^ ^FTPcf Hff ^ TTîcfr §«fCT<4 îtqt ^ T7W F? 3Tt7 TP*?fW F? ^ ^ft<T

. t^Tqri tsiehi Ti^tFI "FTR ^ îHH ^>7^1 ^1 «qT^<j «Hi'»i ■^' 'êtt^ ^ new■qft' f^l «ql<^q 3||^Y(fR ^ wqxnai % 1^ F^ ^faqi HNhI TT «ftT ■^tTTI aiq>i FFTT *qr 1^ " «*(»«! ’J >Yjqe) •^JF? ^ TTFrn % iMq«t TTFS •3510^)^ oqqt^?! *ft

triWuqq’ •JiqyqiRi ikih'*i

■ît cxilqfl ■gft «qnqdi "qr 3TTVTfttT ■ft'ft sftT 3TF*^ ‘^TTT oqqws PjhI'TI qii'iil ^q<r<Hl

^tqt, f^wA q^qiF ■^nn ^ Ttrnvq ttft ^nn q. ■qra FfAi” iKiq«i qn t’t^ «A’nTraFrat TR TTWTsjf ^ tFq> «ni f^ arrA grF i ^rt wnt^ ^ l^sraA'’ T7Ft ^

% TTFftfirar ^ anfst^■q>FTT<q Pii^ti ^tqii y=M* 3ftA <hTcim ^ "A "FT^qn?? iKiq«i■Sro wqT^q srrÎ^ ^ ^ yîiq 'tl <Jiq> îqT^q [qqii iiihVi[q^-Â

'A ffwiA ^j[TRn 3TF "qF: tt^tA f iqif'i

3. oqjqfq? (View about Nationalism) —ciWqiqqi -qqyqnî tkihÎT7^ A?nT^ Ai fA *nTtr qff ■qnAtqm ^ ^ qrtA ^ ^ arfy^ «fti f^ arqqt rq^raA A

A> FF^ ^ yRiwiRd r+qi '^l <s-plA ftFlT ^ fF <,i'>i'flfoq> wqqqi A* ViiHiiqq? ^<i'3jqi'i

=btî'j| ^ ql'fl'iiaA "qF qetq î A ■anjAfqnrt A sik ^ ^ A^ At ■q’î a-ÎAiit^qii^ Ai *i?Tq A; A ^ iA? ‘‘■ara cIF ytAqi ÂAtT A? ^FT A iit^qiq ^ îq*ii ^ 1q=M«

^tqi qq qqr A?i ^ «qMl‘'i fqqii« q^ ^ tiqiciii qRq A wur^jfnqi Tjqrar ^ ^ At TTFftfAF y.qinl qq aTFra "tl ’TRq A TTRiq ^TO TF’jA »<Ka1q ^T 3TfAFlT A? At tnq>K A? aiqnfq qqqFf lan Ai” -AfA^q q? TFsnird^t. •qqun Fqr A Atqt ^ Ai FtAt ?ra

TT^Fq qft wpn qAf "^t ^T^Kiti fAfeT WFi A) Rsieiiqs ■qq qF ^ qiqqi qAf Afqt, tra qqr. i.i'^qoi qq fqqqy qAt At yqiail fAIA Tl^tqAi qF ^ffeqrt’q Trqqtfqqi Aq At ■qm-TTiq Aq A At rfPj^fqTqr ■qm qiIAq.i qqqq ■qrqqi *?t

Ttfeqr A1% a<AqiU TFqr qifF^ q*TT vA Ar qlA fAAqq^, qrqAtq qqi Afnfqq? arqqiqr qilAy.! FFtA q>FA—‘‘TFAtq k.q’Oi A? lAfo; qf anqFrq^ A lA’ oql^ qifAqi 3tq1q?qiAf A qrF IqqiciqiT arqA aiqrqtfe^ q AqrfqF ■^feqsAq tAq>1AqqAi” Fiqq qjqqr qriq? qrrq ><=nai qit qfqFrr^ A ^feq>

aTTbqifcHqi Anil qft yfAiqi Al §Hftiy. qqrq •’tmi qA ^qpFpf "hfiA Ai TTrq ?ttA' arqqr qt’KH AqrqiPsk,!

FT TRF qqqqiw qnrq^ qft Tr^fqr^ qft arqvR'qi «q)M q AtFt ■sqqqi miftt Ai Frqn Ti^qrq WHW Hiiq qfrfq At qrqqrn At 1An^ Ai ai=M Ti^qK qrrAtq TFqqr q ^r^rfa ^ «4«hi arj^ At Ai Fiqn TF^qrq hsicmi qfAt q tiq** qiq At qiqqqrqrAt ^feqit’q qr aqqrftq A At «h«i Hiiq qifq qrt arqA A aAftqrR qrr Am Ai

4. ciiqjrtA ^ (Concept of Modern Democracy) —'qqHni7iT qq qrqqi qi an^fqqT Tp^rqtq nfrqrAq qn Ai ?tt tAqinq A Afqqiq, q^ ark îiAtqroqa

wcAq T/vi)i?/fl=ft /=i^/<eh lo;

>7.7. 777, 7)T ■*TF7^ ^ ^ cl^ 37*f^ ^ cRi -jiioi ^ ^foTi •3^^ STTîIf^T) ^pff TH

fq'My 7 ^ TjTTTil 5^1 lay, rit=lvfR '^-fq?li ciWaq 77 Tjh f^l ^f;'!^ triWax 7ft ^-liq_yui|(jfl 3777^7777 f7777 'll 3l=hl TITTr t' ’-^^liq a‘4l<\qn,T 7ft «o-Hi STTtTT ^77 77ft ^ TSTITT ^ Tfcg TTITIT^’T 7^77 7T^ T^Tt^TK ^ I^SI TtftS 777 THTI ^1 f77%T7 37777rft ^ tTTfTt "^nTt^^ 7g77 777 TîlTfy 7^ ^ 7777771 377777 % STWR 77 77t 777777 777f ^ dWa'qlq TTTTTR 7^ 77 TTTTcfti W 77^ 777^ ?it7uf7 ^ 37I7I7 757 FiTI tl fTTt 7f7?7

7777^ 7717777 7 7^ 7ft »jf7777 ^^ 7I7Rtfff77 TTTTT 77 TTlft^ 5t777 377^ TTTfW 77I*7t 7ft >J7f 777^ "tl TTT^TlfTTi ^ 7lt^ TT^TTR 7^ ^Wll ^777777777 777I7’7 ^ fcnoi " <i'Ji’ilRi<ti Tcft f 7|t fTfTTTT 377f7 %

^ tl ^ ^ 777^ ^7% Tk.T^ tl 77^7777717777 71777

eft t 7R77 7ft fT^TfcT '37 ^tt 7ft 775 ttcftq yjii

TTTT^STTft fet^ ‘qieii ^tft tl ^% 7?f7 777 75f 777! fTTT^ tft 7«7T 77777 ft tM 1^ Tfl” 377^1777 (NdUd-fi 7^ Tft t (MdTdît 77 #77-777 TTItT^TT# 77^ t # 77777 % 717 77 TIITR 77777 t. 3^7 dUdd T#

■77?f777 777 77 ^dfqi't t«(i4'j''I TTTTf 7ft ''JT! 7777 tl 5^7% 77TT’7 ohHki 7ft tqaqni 777 #77 tl57{#^ 371^1777 #7777 t TTTttfTTf 7# 7ft ^jf7777 77! 3ff7?I77 tl ft 7^ 771*1 % ti777 777 777 tl<sq q)K''l tl ft ell'll 77t TI777tft777 ftft 7ft 77177 3#f777 'W^TTl 771 TTR 77# t 37R 137777 TTt 7*ra^ 77# tl 37I^ftf77 #7777 ft oqi'-ci y'Sf-qH. % iRqlRiq, 577 # TTT^fftt tl ft Tf#t7 It# 777 qfei'^1'1 ftft ft # 7# '^#1 ft 77, #737 3^7! 7T777 777T ftf TT^R ft #3 7## t 3# i7Tft3rf777 ■ft# 7ft .375 ft amt fftfe ^ tl

17777T

77*77

5s rR5 '>iMyq>Ki ikn''! ft TTTTtfTTi 7# #t 77777 ft' tl "T## «*i<0q #7777 7ft -giiq-H^fa 7ft ftt 377#

TTTTTT #7777 7ft TH-tftt# TTlft "77 "ftk "f^Tf tl

iqiKifqqi #7777 'TT ^77777 "STTHTT 'SleTT 77! 7ft tl 7>#ft 5^7 H.&fa 7ft oftfeil Hi&fci

5. efirtsf Tft (Concept of Partyless Democracy) -#777777777777T77 ‘TITTW ft ■ft7#7 #7777 7ft 37I#77f 7ft 3T77t 7H-17#7 77777 Tft 377%7TRf7 777 37Tt7TT777771 '37777 IqqK *77 f77 37T#777 #7777 ft '7#7 oqq**77 577t 77777 # # 1177 eiWd'q Tefftsf 77 777 tl "75 TeTc# TTfttfTTT 7ft ^dldl t alft #ftf ft' sf^fll tl '?^77ft 3ftf#777 TlfTT"# ■777# ft tl 75 a#fi777 TfVTt 77! 77# ^#7 ■57737 % 7I^3#77 auft 7ft #73 77T X5T tl ^

y't'Rl ■777717 ft ‘T^-fq^l-i #7737 7ft SRimif 77! 'TfTTm 1777! 3lf77 'T# 7ft ftT-lTT'ft'^KHI #777! ■7?: 3!#71 m ■ft%i

tf^TTR

T^-fqel-i '557737 7ft efF|, 77# % 77^ ft 377iT^?! dkiq«i ft 'TR T^TsT ^5777 fttft t—

I. S77777 ^ ■ft ft7#t7 ^ 377 ■% 3#t77lft 77! ■5^^''5=777 •f#7! 57TTj;i ■5#7r •qfg'ft ■ft Ti!7 ^7! # W^!fdTlRd 77#r '557 l37f77 ft7 7ft 1T37I3! 5ft77 % '57! ft# I f^ftf 717 ■5fm Tft !|# '0377ft TT37 fft7l34ird7>l 57 fti^tr 'ftTT % 1#5, TwftTT# ft? 775 5!3!f73 37! '^TTf*# f77^ 'Tfftl 557% 7ft ft' '5177ft ■37 TR7 TTlft 73 5775! 1777! Tfnjl 7# 3715 •577 T TT TR # 30% ft 37f77r -53 'TFT >#73 7ft 57577 77 iTTTTTftTT 77 TfrfrTT '#173 TR '#77 TRI

Ha^mi

II. 7^773 TfTTtIcf ft 'gTT 5!T#7 575777 Tft 5*7753! 7ft TfFIl

III. 55t 7# 7ft 5fTk7 % TTlft ft' TTiffte! 5tft % -#75 37lftf73 '#77! 3ll7T 7e753 5773773 373 tt I

IV. f3TffT3 'ttft % 777 5# ■JRtTTlft 7ft 3T5ft Tef ft 3I3T #5 #3! qiftk, 37f7T 75 5737 377377 7ft STITTT 1157 'TTTTfTTiTT 77 57# 7T5 57% 305 Tef % qi«V ftf?#I % 'TRI ft '#73 "Tf 5T%I

104 5Rff?7 /qq««r>

yehK ■ji45'4ii?i 'iKN'^t ^-Iqeli y'Jiia3( =tii4st>H

■^MT 'tl an'Sl % "Sll^ 'Wtt ^ ‘'^ffl -qâi ^1 '?1r^ ^^?*Tf ^ <('Ji^ffl=fi ^!TRP7T3^ '^3r?

6. wnT-st>lPfi ^ aratTTTW (Concept of Total Revolution) -'>i^y=M;(i '1ki'<'Î TT-jUlld'+i f4xii<nKi % [qcjim •iifktH •ai'41 lT*ni ’’TI '^‘^4 9hlPfl 3T^VTt®n ^1 1974 ^

1^ «?Ti % fritft if tf?4 'snl^ ^ snqr ^Rff^ 1^1 t ■RRra ^ ^ ^ 7^ R ^rilNK ^ '^lîPd % ■3=^4)'^ 5RI ^ ■g'TT SHrÎ ^ WmtRn'h 'sM ®iwi ^ ^fRRT t^RTTI^ yiMll^'h HRqtfi ^ yfqiqi Hinql^ 4tni ^ ^1 ^^Rik. 'iKolq TWR "A31Tvq!{tR^ ^ ■JTiTeiN^ Rt t^l ^ 133^ WFn 'TrrTt ^ ^

rRF v4-ftT^« ■^l ^ Xp? 7^ ^ TORR % ^SIMX ^ I^RT^ WMX TH ^ 7«M ^ ^1SfilM'^Kf^ ^‘ii'^qi'O HHi'Jt ^ ^1 siqil XTOI sniPn 'TR ciicq>iRri'h ^ddl

^ <.Wii *ni^-?'iA stiiP-q ■gKT XIRTTf^TTi XRTM■SRTO XTWJTf ^TTf^ ^ XNHird* ^ ^ '4 FT^ '^ft^ % 3^^ ^ «it «?TIXR’Jpf spiPn-«min»iqi, <i'Ji'ilfn=o , ^qiRq^, ^ SITîlVra)—TUcItR9R ^1 RF ST^^RTn 4i<i> 7T^?373 TRJTjRIF, yHi-Jiqiq 'irsn F^-fq^li "SRItiF yPTFI^^f^ fqîK "tl f4?qi« SF 7R^ îRn ^ 'SRFI % Vnqi ^ wiVyRiqi ‘jrql ’’R 3^^T

TRTnraK ^ T^Îhii H6tqq> FWtl

FR S'S^R 'SRnicFTTr FRPn '5fr «*<« qiiFRl ^ q<qqK''M oqiHcn (q-nm % 'gTO TRTFF^ tnlqinq

SifM ^ S^g^-rnTF '37? TRR RTOTh? 3RclT F3^ cftFiftF ^ 41^41 |R<Î "Fn anHmqiici FTRJ^7?RTr shiRfl % ■^f oqiHqi ^-STR^tFR 'TR ^ jjiPki FH RFTR ^FT 'FÎ

q><,4> ■FiT^■7>tTwR TqiH-ii

5t)iPfl4l '3)T

3?^Vn7TT 6 3ft ohP'KI % Fit FTRRT Ffr am FTW -T^tFR? 'FR^ tl 3FFft -TTOJ

7. 77^ ««»•</) fcix4n (View about State) —qqa'hKi 'FKR^j tft 'nttTtFTF 3FT Hiq^qr'O fFFRFRT Fit ^ F7F■% Iqqiiî FWt H^qicti ^1 ftiRik, a^t^ TFF FR? TlfFFFf ^ ^ FTF Fi^ ^1 FiFFT'FF'Rt TRfF mTFIT Fit ’tt •ilqii.J'it^l % lFFt 3iT nlqqi qatqi "tl FFFl qigii ^ êFTFTiRt TI^F "FTF ■F? ilqiRifii?! ■■iiHfll % FirFM F^ ql'^tliatf FiT 3?ft?^cn? 'ftTTTT sqiK "FTrit 'll 4^t4 FIFTf % ?PF "% ^Ff Ft^ % 1%FR FiT *ft <a“«n 'fîFI ^1 F^fcny, FTTFiT arfW^ TFFl 'pRTPF 3?TF7FFi ^1 Fflft 3ft Fit cRF t *# '7PF Ft FF-^-FiF TT^FFT #rt ^ ^ ^1 3Ftt FiFT t-'‘g^ F 7# fFTFR? «?rafl? F 3?F ^ ■fF TRT ■'JJTFF ^ F«ft ^ i\ ■FF^nTl 'FRl 'FF fF7FT« ,i -fF -TFF? F FiT^^ Fit 3rFT FF ■7R*ra i\ -FFI^ % FFT7? -FTF -TIF^ 3?^ -3^?^ 'll

8. «5i's"3

"FF ^ Ft oqfeR % oqlqdc^

«<»><«/ rTOT FT ftw/? (Views about Centralisation andDecentralisation)—'S\M'i'*\w iKiq«l %=5tFFiTn ^ T^^TF? a?ITftFF Fit ^1 a-^T^ TT3pftlFF

•aft? 3?rf^ ^ Fit F37F% ■qra u,qi5id 3tT^ FtFI

^ ^1 ■??ft TRF 3TTKF % riff! FiT 4i-41

TRRtftF RFT F 3?TfstF TTIFF ■% 'fF^^tFPF 'F? 'FtT "^FTI 3HFl hmii\Fra 'FTf^FI TI3RrfFF FT fFFT3TF -rh: ^ 33F RR Fit sfR ^ îttFI TTR? FFlFcif ^ arfFFi 3?fFFR ^ 1TFT FiT ^’'slqqx'^ TF FT^FI aft? i^Ftfl 7FF at’T’ft TITTTF '^Wt) 3FFT fFTFTF *T1 "F? lF%'^tFi?FT '^7T3F 'Fit F*if ■RT'3 FT? «Ai*ii I 17?t FT? a-^lA adWF tF%^^tFi?FI FR

t/ <M-jtfdF TTfFF % fFTlt FFi *ft F pT^-^ cM % f?Wt Fit 3?FîFt ?tcft 'll ■=?tFiT7TI^ 'FT oqqsK '3t^ 'ilRn FflFI

FFiTF ^ FT Ft ''jFtFlF Ft qeiqi fFcTF %l 5«PdH a'^'l^F fti TF3RtttJF

qaiqi

%TTtII -Jiifli

•f/Tct?'/ TfF'ft/SF /qqK'h 105

*7.7. 777,’^/?777 77' 777777

^ '717*47 %77l 'Ti "^TI^ % TsW ■gJt 77n7 TsWl' 7ft WTTT 77 ^ 1^1 7T7h7'>ilelH 7^ sfk 77f77 "TH ?R7 TITT! ^ 7%7TI 17 'TTF TITTTiRI THTM '^^StTTiTn "Tff■57^ 77 1^7 77^ fIT 37lf«f77 7 TTjRtfcIT? TTf^ % 'fT^^StTTTT 77 77*47 '^>77 il

9. 79T7cT4 77^ tiHst’t4l fyun (View about Panchayati Raj) —7R7777I 7T77^"TiTn '7ft 3T7VI77T 77 ^71 ‘TTTTTt 77 WnTTI 77C7T 711 777ticI7> fq^-slqn''!

•grt -siiTIlfTF ^ ^ %13: -77717 -TTTiaff 7ft SlftTF Tlt^ 7>T^ 7T 7^ -twi

*7 1% 7T71 7ft 3TTf^ 7 iNTird*

% '717 -77177 77t 77W 7T-7Rt fTclTn: 317^ +l4mrd7il 77 IttH TltTt aftT 717 771 'dr '^75;

1177 ÎTi 7f7% iWt Tt tM 7^ fncni'h^-771^ ■»ili<‘ill 77^ -SiTT 17I^ 'TItTI iMi ^1^7 17 . Uf^ TlTiq 7t TiniTtl 7^ -fâjl 71*77 ^ ^ 7>7^ % 7717 1^ 'Tn^tl 717 7717^' 77•?lq>«li6) -*7 47777 73^ ^ TlfTTiK -ItTlIj SUf^Tl ^ 7t '7717^ îqcn^ql ifTtl 17 TTI 771771

77 7^774 ^ % TlftfTr 7 TlTlfTTT 17777 ^ 31771 q^*jjrq 7t7717'^7tl

10. 1777f?r 7*758/?’^^rTTT^VieUJ o6ou<i^ree(iom,)—7f777rR?l'71777 77 71777 ■^77771^ 717 fqêJm 711 7777 'Tl 71 'f^ 7^ 7177 H«iicnl TtHtR rq«4 omPm 7ft 777771 Tit nerq -ITTI '7171 ^ sftr 777ft ‘iRhi 77 K117 7171 ^1 71177 ITTlTlt w^ftKi 7ft '^TTTTI TT it^ 7171^

717t '^, 71 yuiitnl 717t 7t sr^ Tit it TTTltl <4-^1^ ociHki 7ft ^77771 % 717-717 Î'^lq, 'TTTtfilT’, wmiRn'h, TltyT? 7 '^ffTT? 177771 71 Tftl ^TvT 7>1t ^ ft? 4 77t ^77717 -7177

177771 % ■^71 TTTtfcITr 71 ‘TITlfTTi 177771 77 ^tf '7117

7ft1q4i-4l

■a-iq>i Hi-iii

3Tf 77 m 4iqci nqiHcil 77 ^ 777 -fl TUI ^HHfqi

177R77 -fl 71snfstair

7^ -fl 177771 ^ ^ oHfqflcq % Iqqim % 3T17177i3777 71771

11. 3J^ ^r^-tlfach [efun (Other Political Ideas)- HTpftfTTl IqqiCl *ft 7177177 l7i71 -ti IFTTtftl 'Tft Îciqicii % 71*1 'TtS TH:^ 7T 7711^ tllift 711 7^ 71*7 7 71*17 7ft HRlddl 71 Tel 1^ tl 7^ -77^7 77 717 ^ I't'TrH

m 1^ 7117t7 7717 77 777 Hlf^ 137 t % 7117t7 ITSptlrl ^Pd+dl 71 37*Tl1l7 Tit t,IMdird tf7iF7l ^ itTt TriTt t, 1T7T7 ■£( «ft 7*7177 ^ IIUTT -7^ -TlTt t 3ffl

7717 ^ q^^jol 777 itTl it 7171 71*1^ 7ft 3T77lt 77 11117 17711

77^77 llTTlfTTl [qqKl 77 31*777 Tilt % -TK Till '71 TTTtfTTl TUflTTl itt -% 717-717 «lHir>iqi milf-iqi 7t ^1 3l7il 377?! TRTtT 7717 77 -JTftTf"!

■% Uftn ft7 qfl7<l7 TTlt 71 ¥717 -f^l l^lft TUftl 77 717 % TTfrt’JI 17777 77 7711 tm Iqiqil cAfqri "1711 *lt Sltn fq&inl 17% TTTtftlTl fTTTlt

Tit TllTlfTlI 7ft 771 trn ¥^ 171 'f^ tl Tft 17’7^ cftl ¥1 -37% 1%7lif 77 1171717 f%71 77^ Tl 71 717 11?7 t 1% 37% 17711 4ii¥=ki 7 7^71% fTTIlTl % IqqK tl 7l7 71771 Tftft

77 HTtIIcITI (q-fll't Tltf 7117 t 7t 3777 '7117 *ft 1%771 ^171 7^711 377ft 1177 TUtH (Total Revolution) 7ft 317*111*71 IRTtlTTl f%Tl7 % 5^7 ^ 37J^ tl it. 1q*ivi ¥1117 t "3*^ ¥llcft7 irsrftlcT^ f%77fl't 117^ '7117 -7171 tl lift 37% HTtflTl 1%7lt 77 M^t«l yRiîRd it '7171 tl

TTTTTlfl 71117*7 -t 31^ =71 ««iqii sn*3Tlr7t7>l'7

7177111% tfllTTTlfTltT 117%f7 *3177i77T’7 77 17*17 TiTt Tit' 77 fT+dll3771

t f% 7r7¥7T?l 71117*7 -*31777)01

7)171 *71 -T^tt TftTTTl -771*31 771*31

106 7r%t7 ^TTTT

JR, %?', m)/5W,5.15. fiHi'flctit; ■>7T fq^K (Ideas on Socialism)

QiWnH'h WkciIh «*<inqi^ fqqK=h *il 'Why''jiH>i«»>Ki nuiq''!

Socialism' WHi'Jiqis ''TT 1en3T ^ TI?? fl '’Tl^ % ^fITf qidlt H eWt ■»iiflVlq ^1 •gtmtTHKiqK^1 anqii tiHi-^tqi^ 'HKolq TTRTfqltiqT ^h-ji 'Î ûnlq

IT^TR^ ^ «nWr«q ^kolq 3^lf^ ^ Wnf^ HUP^fd^l' % ^ clPJ^ ^HCT^'ûI îpf rîqi "tl 'anf^ aft artr' (Towards Total Revolution)ft aft aftaa aft a<.6 'î iTRftt am arafftar a ftRiar ^feaftw a»ar '^1 aaraara fti aaft? ■’âraara aa "âaa fa^js ^ ft airata

aaraais aaraaaiaaK an aa)FT aiar anar ^1 •a-?!-)

a^rar

aaiaaia aafaa)aaan

araaaiiyr airraaT % "^laraai^ tânftf ■f^jftaan^(Features of Jai Prakash Narayan's Socialist Ideas)

aaiaaia ^ iaftaaift ftHfîftaa ^—aa%1. aaraara araT/âr gafaar W ^7fw f (Socialism is the Philosophy of Social

Reconstruction) -aaamRT -iKiq«i aaraaia aft anf^ a ararfftar ^:fHH['Ji mr fft^rfa araft fti aafti fqqK ft aMtaar a araancTT mr '*jh aiiraaarraa % arval an araaia aftanr ^1 aara % "g^-ar ?ila araraa ft> aiaaf at sraai taaaa tmfaa a>7% aara ft' afta), sfft affaa aft aaiai ftft arfft sraat âiar 'Why Socialism'ft Rnoi "t—“"aa i3|a sraar aft faaafnft ^ aft ar^, ataa aft %laaaa aft aara

anaan araaiafmar ar^ faaft aftl^ aftat, aâftt, fta a aiîaar ^ aftaaaraa aaft ■!’ aftr

jtj ^ îfaa OTTia ft aar an aaaia arrft 'ti” ^ftt ta? sraftt âia? 'Towards Total Revolution' ft at -âi aft an aara ft ^ qii^qii feqi ftl

^<15^1 aft airft am aiarîm ■jntlaafa %oqi'fl

2. aaraaTa afl" wraar wfrf^ «/«•»)’ gra a*w ft (Establishment of Socialism s possible through peaceful means)'-aaaana aiaaa ft aaraara ^ wiarn aitft % iiifd'iuf 'araaf an aafta ti aiaft ft> anftaanft Ft aramrar an ataaraa aaft ^ fft afta>affaa> aft% ft ^ 'srra'aiTft "ar aar fti aaan araar !a aarararat araar lâar araftt an "sifta, aaft> aaar at snaraiT artft fti ftar aaiajetia ^mftt a^' ft aanrri aanr araar 'fftvift ft ftft maraift aaraaia ^ ftranft fti aftft âraft aft a^ra ftarr araft aaraara aft rftaftria aaift an 'Hara larar fti aaan araar ft 1a> aradi aaraarft ftarrara aift

aft arftm cftanrfRraraaraars aaraars

oaffta aft ft aaraft a aâ ar ftnfta taaraas^ am âan aâiar arfft^ arfar crtanfat % vT?fa fttanra laar aftr aFrrar

H eHi'Jiat'i

arar tarar an rrftri aftft i^rai ft—"traiataift arm ft’ rrsa ft cfianrffaar rrm fttariaamrar^ ftaa aft fti" ^ am Tftft rraiatar^ % fttaniff^ rama ar a^ "fftar ft

afat an arjaror arrft -arsft a a^ rrraaf % aata ar fttr Iftar fti

aft

3. «*<»'»7q/q 9iti*iinai ^ <*<0/ ft (Socialism Removes EconomicInequality) —maaanrr arria’a an araar ar 1m rrara an aaftaa faanrr anfftm araamar ^ mrftr ft ftrar an amar fti faf^rr amtft srrfftm sraaraai ^ arrft % rrrr^ anft ftrari amtft ar^fm aaaiaar ml ^ mrft ftr aaraara "an srrfftm ftfar ftm (man aftft o^fa 3rtr aata ft> fta ft ftft aarat an ^?rra faar '^raft ■sraiaa ftr araat an afaa a mra^j-f asam ftft ft srrftim aaraar aft raiaar aft ■ar amat fti amlft atM ftr aaffamra aft snfftm araarmrr an atam aaraii fm wft fti

arrfta rraft^m ftarrm 107

^.7. OT,llil‘t'^1

1. HirMTi ^1“HKSHI

2. ciWctq 7ft ?ft7 3i(nl^-n^ Tit 1%!^l

108 *iiiol<4 ii-n-fifafi /cjwxtfi

^ tl ^ cRf ^ »ft37jfif7r TTTT^TTSrf 'TTf TPT 't’’l "3^1^ cT^ ^ 3i<il< ««1'i«T^ ■SllW^r 'SiWHinii ^ TIT H6W’j_''l 777^77 «(dNl ^1 ?7T^ <5rHi<\i îPw TiT ^ aTlfsfTi tfHiicii TiT SffTBTft ^ IJTTT (^hi

Tn TTTicTI "tl

^ t sfft #1^nl'tiT.VII^l % ^*T <<««<>‘itkTT^

4. 777737375’ WTHT W 77*7^5 /«»<»»/« 57757 t (Socialiam ehSurea Wholeaome Development of Society) —»iHii<»ii?i iknî '57t 'TTTTsraR 5>T ^^7 5 «mi'*i «Hp9n 1eI5>T77 57741 '^1 "34% .37^7n7 77*7137515 % ^777 ®*<fw '5>T 7I3[^^ft57, 3T7f*f5> 5 7T757f^f57 ft^TTT Pti*ll ’371541,

57t 374^ 774f*n*77 ’155477 % 375777 .’37^.’î TFSJ ^ •57547, ^ 37447 455 57^ ’TT’ft 77515 54 57^5737 77E55 #47 Sifk ’5r#57 ^ 775H 375m’’5774l #^l

5. 5 (Encouragement to Co-operative andCollective Farming) —375575477 57775^ ^ # 7Ttf^55 ^77 5ft •# tu'jfe'** 5 77154ft «pf^ 47 35t7 -f^ tl 3454 ^ ^ ’ft 55N4K ^577ft 54 57 51 ’f^ »jlft ^ 757*ft 3^?# 57771'

#47 c7# 'J|h1<\|0 45T -54 374 f^>5T 371 715747 ftl ?77f^ ^Jp? 54 '525777 775137575 % "57^ ft 775ft.'5# 5151 ftl ’jfft ’47 315f5lft 3^7 '5ft 15>77T# 54 51^75447 ?57 377fft57 377757457 54 547*4 ftl fTTftl 37ff7ft55 ^t554ft ’57r4 345757 3^7 5737R <>45751 54 ’#47 ftt ^ ft> ft5 ft' 377^57 3777514(77•^1 ft# 157777# ’5ft ’5**4 ’3*7H®7 5>77ft 7755 57754 fe*+ii 5f7ft '^1 ft# I*o«n 57 ’ft#ft

57# 5ft ’3437 54 5^ 1%77TI # 157T 4757 tl 375 7|34 ft 77f54ft ^ 5ft #g ^r57T7 34575T ’#57 717^ ft ’544 5ft# # 755: # 37lfft5r 377157451 54 3757 # 3n4;47l T#fft 5751

■515757 54 ’7^57575 574 ’45 t 1# #5 77=7571 HT# 5ft 775747 577 314^, •## 5ft 5^^

577 1547 37717 37I7 77557Tft 557 77I*jf^ ftt# 5ft 31717,7737#l4 5 775577ft 5r4 175 5737R *15751 5ft ol«ti

1#4I 377^1”

#775ft 37^

f5#4I 3# 5r4-

6. 5#155 ^ TTW# ^FT_ ....... I -g#!^ % if; '«h7#5>'7«7 # ■45 ft ft I ’5454 51447 57 1# 54 ft? 37ft4P#

W) ««(<'/ (Socialization of Means of Production) —HHI

■>l5a*RI 'IKN"!

1557**7 37I7 ’#43737145 ^775# "571 •’^ 577ft 54 775T3ft5773T ft 55577 5ftf ^4771557^ ’4# ’^r5#1ft '5751

t-‘‘377Pl47 #55 5ft ’ft57ft #7 #14 '374744 ft? 7775# 54 55l#«7>737 1#57 3541 5^3415545 f#i1 ’ft> ’f#4 ’?7#4 1#!^ 3frft ’57# 7775# ft 77757^7^ 37t54 ft 155557 •# 515 ft57 #ft ftl ?5(#'?

ftl37755457

775T37 1#7 ft ’5(4744 ft? 755# ’54 m<h1<i ’577ft ft ’551^5 5 ’5^fe5 775|3f, 54 1ft5?75 ’#471"

^ Riii (/■«/ ^ dffcri'wcnni # (State ia-ttficeaeary for the eatabliahment of Socialiam) —3T4457r?t 47775*4!^ 57447 5t 1# 7777137514 #1 ’757447 55 7757 4#' # 77^, 315 557,7135 5ft '#55 '47 5^75 7*5pT5'j Pl75I 371^1 -3## 1#73I •|-''5ft^ # 4^

5ft 7*77447 55 7757 4# 577 775757, 375 557 55 7754 ■5ft ’##7 374ft ?75 ft 4 # #1 55 ’5ft14715771 '5^ 77=75 # # 77513757# 7P5 5ft ##7 #1 315775*14

7. 775737575

775731574

37457 '5ft I3S7 ft ’577*5 57ft 4T 777547

ft '57747 5754 •5ll#5l’’

8. fci^PcHI 3r*#355f5r ^ 775#F (Support to Decehtraliaed Economy) -375515477 47774# 54 5T447 *77 1# 77513757# 775731 5775 ft 715731514 57747 77=75 4# ■! I •#ftft5lft #7’3#4 # tl ?5l#ft 37*15457*77 #7 7175-777*7 '5## ft? 75ll5c5 54 # l5ft?#t5?7*4 57747 ’5l1#?l 4## 54 75lf5(5 7514(4 75771774 5ft #757371 57l ’574)4^ 57747 ■5lf#5l ## ’^77 5^#5( ## 54 37fft^ '4# #47 ’Jlf#?! ^ 57f 377IU5,1»| •577P7U7 ft'Nft ft? 5## ft? 7775-7715 57^ 5 ^#7 5#455l 5ft 31*1*75ft5 54 377»7r7 55747 tl

■i >

■# 37«1s4575T f5ft?f#5 ## •51^1#^ ft57ft ft? 557144 575 54 77^''51757 5?7ft ft 71^745? #ft

*n7#4 (j«»i1/<T«f) Pr5775r 109

9. VTOJTfdif ^ (Socialism is according to IndianTraditions) —^nTPrin ^ ^ ^ Ht*^<i3ff % STJ^ RHT ^1

*f.?. W, '^d^, ej)/ew,mrm

^raft % ti'ifoa snfy^ Riînl 18^ ^ Hiq^ UTI IVi«hi ■'FTTI <^fqiiftiT RT «<;^ffl R W’TO ^ iidsfi f^l RRfft’T <Ht<^ra aHMl'i =t>tn, nRyp^ % 3TK?f fq^HM f^ ^Hi-flqicl l«.5ial % "f Isftr 'HKfllq #

tRiKiqis

^ t f^ *IRcr ■^' «Hi'»iqi'i

îHii «H'=r>all

107 W [en)t4 (Opposition to Capitalism) Rqum ^1 5tHRrik. '{•fllqi'O «<q*«ir ^ 'îRT "tl W

tiHM ^ Rift 3lf?W ^1 5tifclk. 'jqlqi'r ^

HM'ii STT "fe’x^qi ^ ^ .îlqui

3TFt t:jd4.< ^ tl RHR ■=5nfc1 ^^■RRTRT fcT^ •cHre^'h ^ ^ yql'i qii-ll qil^y,! 3TP^f^ TJsftRT? % S-^CH «q«Jj

RFf ^1 ■'jsftRK ^ WHinqic; % ^ 3TP^ qc-ll

îHl'Ji ^ ycjRna ^ «*ir'qn f&^TO ^ ^ - ,

11. 3JT^Pi<tt «lq>rtW3« îiHi if ^lil'nl 9R chw/u< «**<«* =??? ^ (Welfare of

poor people is not possible in the Democratic System) —qqyqiKi RTW^T ^ MRÎ «n ■fe 'STT^Piqi (ri'l'fifiq ^ '3> qvKî ■fr]^-'^ oqfqa

tl diqii RRR f?71 ^ ’d<l<+iK ■=1^' ■^l TTSRtl^ "^=11^ TIRnT % 31^^ ^ SRRRt 'll ^ ■Jiqai % RR RT «ii«i 3TW ^ ^ Hld^ 'tl ??rf^ dHi'Jiqi<\ ^

■JKF'd f ffife <nWflq ^ «raT ^

<5h0=ki IqqiO "^Tl îqtnlq'-i RF ^TFT ^ R5RII% ^ ■4' ^ f, ^ R4«ir ^ tl ^ TR Rt RRRRK ÎHit^ tt tl 3T^ t?ft ^ ciWaqlqtl "3^ ♦iqf'il'Ji % tFcR 3T^RT tl wni-qqiq

ciWqq ^ t^rR ^ qi<rqi''i ttRTI % WNhI RRRft^R'n

R% str RTRlftrar ffF ^ wqTnR %lq-lNl 'fli «H'-iyqiiJfi •iKiq'Ji

t, shiPfl'ût RRpft qicrÎRT ^ ql-quy, clFJ, ^

t RF RFf t %RRTR cniqinqlq

RRRqK

aîiRiqT t ’t ^xRiqil %WrT

tl TRR RRF 1^ RFT cftRRTR tl TRRRtlT Rt aipKi % RIR RF RirRM^Tt TFRt Rt FfRt atr 3RRR tl RRF TTRFR t ‘lOqT % aitRi RRRTRRRt qW-iHi RT^Rt t, Rt RPRRTRt a Rf 1RRR RFt tl RRRRK Rt RR t ^ •RRf Piqiiril Rf, RF R^fRfRR tl ^ RfRRRiRTRRTRR t RRR t RRRtRIR FRTftcT RRt % ttm Rt RRIR fRR;, t RFrR’jyf tl FRti RRIRRT^ fqqiO t arrfRRi-'RTRr^rRi RftRtR % Rft rIr Rfed t t RTrIRRi RfiftRf^ t RTP]^ F^ RR^t tl STIR 3TTfs!^R7

RRiRT

RR RRcftR dWaq Rt R^ RR TFT t. RcRTRR % WNhIRTT TTRiRT tl 3RT: RRIRRltt 1RRT7R) % RR "4' RTRSRRR RTRRR Ri^% RRTRtRRR ^RT dois %RiT

RTRftR TTRRtlRRT fRRTR % FfRFTR t R^RT RFWJjt TRTR RTRI t 3tT 3-1'^ TTRTRRIRt PqqK TTTTRcT RFtR% tl

5.16. fjwjuf '^TT aiTPr! "gir f^«e;i’d (Theory of Total Revolution)

RRR su'iP'î RR fqqK ^TRRRRTT RTTIRR Rt TTSltfR^ PqqitHKi % IRRRTT RR 3Tf^RR RF^tl d*'^ T7RR RRT ll-aUlPdRi RftRR ^ TFt % RTR 1970 % RRIRT t t flR't Trf^ (MdlPd* STT^RIHR -Rt TIF RT fRRRT Rtl F^tlt RFTJTT "^R11^ RITR Rt fwfd ftR^RltlRR IRIR Ft TFt t, TRRRT oniîitl, WTRR R 3TRmRTlRcn % TTTt RT "RcT Tft t. TI^^ Ittf % (TRTR RT RctR fttf Rt RFtR ^ RR TFT

-yfdRH RRR Ff. TFT t, RTTcftR '^RRT RRW Ft Tt t, Hliqlq TRFRcTT R aTftlRTT^f RTT FRR tt TFT t cit Fttt ■3TRRT sMpq ^ RTTT ^RT FifRT RTTrftR TIRTRT Rt qiRPF'fi nn-i R>t str RTTt't ^ Rn T1%l

111)'' RRttR ^RRcBjit'll

f

W7WTTnjrxf ^rrPff W 31^ (Meaning of Total Revolution)

sniPfl ^ f—■'pf <hhR ^ ^^TKcI ^ Î'JIllRl^ '^<??sn % e(!^HH SmP-A ^l ■*l'Jy'M=(l 1l<l'H«l

^ ■pRf’Jf «h<'ii ■^TF^ ^ 3T:^TF7 '^ siilti'M ^ Tf^ ■^, ^3IFT =R ^TFftftTTR H "^l

'§'Wfdli % fTFTSR^njpf cI«7T ^ ^ si-^lA '^nnl % TWI 'HOjyl'TKfft^ '^F^PTI 'qigct ^ "3^1^ <,i'Jt'il(ct=h, yiHifii=n■fe?ff «ft Ftl 1970 "A'3^ ^FIT ^ I^FRI ^ ■% 3TP^R=n^'^ Wl 1^

SFRl 'F'ni sîF-fl Hhîci 'jiWctiTî'ti îF-fl ^ ^ iHirnn ^ 773^ ^ ^TKcfR IFTR ^ % 3RT ^ ^ ^ THira t^l 3^ 3Fr^ »Tmf F^TI ^

3FT^ trojyf sn\P<n 3it 3iT f^FTTI •siH'il STTf^f^; ^•siF^'î, '^fe^T 3*77 Îa«h sn(Frt«Fl33 3t3 ^ ^TRTI 3nf^ ^1 jFre^TFT iKiH'î % smF"1 % % ®n^ ^ 333 "ftTF ^

t-“ 7F^ s^lF-fl ^ ST^tTTTOTI %3c=f THTTF 3?) 3IBJ 17T33J 37T33337 ^1 3733 Iqîii 3it 333ff®T^ 3P73 '•âil 37) 3R^ ^TF^7f33> 1371773 33Tc*73> y*3't77*7TPt3 377^ 3>t 13377 377 1^ f I 773311^ 777337371, 771371337 yctiiFl 337 377r*l37 yRt<?"Fl ^% -^sciH 37 3733 3?1 733' % F3 377 3^13 ^ 3773333^ t. 37^7 ^ra1FT3fl 33 413313

«“^«i 377f^ 3i7 37^ 3737 3777^73 f l” FTD 37F ^?I733 3fr 3l ^3333TO 37773^3 % 77^^ 331% % 13377 % TTTt '3 1%737 ^—‘‘7733 3771% 7^ ^jf3 3 f1377 3ft33 377 ■7!;37 ^f%37N f I 3713717337 3f73cl3 %7 ^4 ■^' 3F 37l1% 3^ 11 3F 373^ 77^ 37)7 3^531 377 ^ % 37H3 f I 171^' 1F777 3f1 37lf 33F 3^' tl '^^TF: 3F 3373R-37T%tc73 'tl F^37T at^<7 'RJ®? '3)33 % 38)1-3711*1^, 773311337, '^^7pn37, 7777^71337 377737(3137 t 337 377^JH MRqcfn 37737 tl”

3(3g3r7?7 377r3W

tTO^pf wf% i^9l3frnf (Features of Total Revolution)

3733377^ 3777337 ^ 373% 'FT1. 77®J% sniF-a '^%337, '%fe37, '7777^7%^, %f8737, ymiFfl=t>, i.i-flilfci^ti 3 377l*l37 7773 shlT-a'Hl

33 77^ tl . -

2. ■537 77l%r 7F^ 3771% 31 3773133 317377 t atl t77 377 *71^ t%f 37 ft’lt tl

3. 77*^ 37l% 31% ^ TiWl

4. 77^^ 3771% ai1tW13 t1%l ft aift%3 7773%' 3737 1337 377TnT7l5. 77^^ 3771% 773%l33 3 3T7l*f3 13%%13137.37 377371% tl 6- T73%%3 377f% 771^ 37lf% '3I 373%3 377373337 tl7. TmT^r^lO 77373 37l 7*77337 77I2J% 37f% 37 3^ ^ tl8. 771^ 37T1% tfi73t77 % '31%^ 73>7 % ^ tl9. 3R-77l%337 377f% 377 y^jta 77733 tl

3

Rnjuf g;ir% % -3^777 (Objectives of total Revolution)

3% 773f%3 3 77^1313 77373 377 FihIÎ '3737 "373^ ^ 13773 37=173, 3333 37t33 377 373tl3?773 3 % I 5+lFciy. 3%% 777=^% 377% % 177^73't 7%7 iTTTlSR^njpf 3 77^1373 1337777 ■37I 37337 77^ '337371 ‘33371 377% 377 ■3t?3 3R%3 7137^ 37l 37Tf37 37l '313137 *77 'rTTfe 3%'57% 777*711337 oqq^37 '377 '5^:l33f'3 'til '33% TF'Jjt 377% % 133T7 % ayo 'st^ %3%%3 t—

-371 77BJ% -571% 377 3FF77 >7R%3 77*7737 ^ 3n%--q%,

3r3337T?7 '377r3°7

1. 777*77%^ (Social Objectives) —-Jiiy'pufldlrtlfd't "St^ *77—W77%37 37^*77337 37l ^ 377371 373337777 37113*3

■77*77337 yFtFâ 5Î "33% 133R "t "33 '77% 777*7I%373t,l5T3 3 377f»l37

*777%3 773%/%’ 171

m, «Tr •3ft •firaro % îFf ^ ^ «ffi ^ Twrsr % •PiBi ^ ?ft3H gif ^ ^mrsr gff -gsr mto^.it. RTum ■3ft^ in «m[(V^ w ig: w=raT •?*#ra tor gggti 'st^ eftg «ni

•^STT g»f gn sn?^ ^pgt fe ^ g#3r itn, •3nfg--3«n, iot^ ^ ^ 'î2. 3f/fi/eB . (Economic Ohjectivea) - clr+>l<rflH TOrtf STTftfg: fwfir

iTefhrfRi'qftgtT-î TTgin^M'^gs'^ «ffi iît'>i'irfl argft«fti -gsr gff ■gffgtr «fti 'ig fRfg ^ % 1^ •31^ ^ 3Ff -iM % ■^gra g^rft ■sftr ■ficgri g?^•fts -TO^ gff •^ -gsi^ gff g^-gynsff ggr -gggff -gfgg '’OTait gft -ggRft % TPm grrft ^giî

^ ■ft' ^ gff gpff ■grffeiî FW-'^ng -3:^ 3^31 ^ iff gff f% ^

3. 4/i7w 5^5^ W aw/^ (To raise Moral Values) —^pragiTTI gRigî rjietc^ Fîg ^grsi Tggi "ftf gftgtfg ciHi gi?^ gf^r gn^fg ■ftnn gft iff grnjg 3?tftT î 'sgftft^gtgrftggi ^ ■gr gftr ftgii gggn •itni gf ftr ^fcrg? g^ Ig+iy f^ ■^gi ^gn fggrm gwra Rtf i\ ^ftigr ggps gnjof grrf% gn gro^ ggmii

4. tfwwi^ WWk» 5^ TOTggr (Establishment of Socialist Society) ~TOR gn.-grrn gi f^ ggwgigj.^ ^ ^ ^ •fggiTg tow ti ^ gsF ggrgîgf •gmg •fttr

■»i<f>i<»ii«i

agraTfi^ ■ggR ^ -TOT 3ft arftffir g

■gg^ g>^ grr «?gw awm -gpg ^1 -ftg! ang^ wg g? ^ ’sft %g^ 'gs Hrr Rtf g^,' W5f % frai gnf gft "to •331ft ^ gjig iff gî •srgggim

•^ •^gg ■?f ggr ftragft 3nP<f-ft? -^nf gft Tiffirrft •apgig

ft%Tg!-|-“^-ftgT TO ■gift f. ftraft' F*ft ^ •gf agpfgr gftgcH ti ■aggrr g? 1% gf irg^ -ftf^ % t=ik f, -gift -ft

^Rtigig, igft3R, agftg^ft •^'.'sggft g?^'33HTgif^j" sra: -spwto gnm ft ggMf ■ggnr •gff fitr rk gn fî

nKpR

5. ri'^’fllaftt «CrwK ^ (Eradication of Political Corruption) -•gigg®! % arjgR, TrgftffiRi g^rgir ■ggftffftg ^rg?gi g grgif^fgv ■sTgFn gfftf % •fR^ g^ iigg 'î: gF gg^ ««<,qRi, fggrggft ^ •sffg-gfftsti, ftr-^ggrftff^gi gffgft ft grgiR fftJHT winlRi^ g^rgR % ftfftig gg ti 3ggrT gpHi *n Tig-tlRig? sitor ft gft^ftg g ^greft iri^ •<ift 'tR? w ^

-^1 gngr arrft fftgff^ •gfWggif •qr sffgi •?mift ft aroft ii ^ 'srfftfftfftgf gft grfqg' ^^ft gji gft^ ?^«irgg> 'toir g€f ti gggR gft ^rtlFin ftf g -^grig ■!; fgfeg -3^ ■garftfgg? gTOR gft ^ gnft ftr ftn? Rnjrf gnpg ^ wra •^ affr gft fggg g Tniraft gft •g^ ■^gfft gg ari'^gn f%gti

6. r»)«»n» ^ ggg W 3ftf (End of Suppression of Democracy) —ft- ■%gr ftp g^Rffg gftifg 3R<ir TgftggT g srfggRft g^ ggg g^ T5f. t, •ronr •3R-fgM-fttfftgf 3rni-^^-%,ifggft-g?ftggT ftr-=R^^^git^ ti agg gig ftf t. fft 3^ s 1974 gft rrri ftf •grMf ftsm ft -gs^ft gnfR gn ftu?i ggr ^ gifg? tftigrgr 'toi •gn afa ft^gr gr gftri

7. mf-ZftTft^r 77387 ^ TOTgr (Establishment of a Secular State)- TOR gRg ft T^g* •ftft Tftgnfsffg ttsr gft•jffTO gifftg? gigcfr ft ewftv ^ alrg gft ggigpi Trsrfffcigr gigcff fti gft •% g?^-^g gn •tft^T •ft -gg -ftRigi 1^ gft -ggftffft ft ggii^ Fsft ftf ggrgr ft gr gift gft ■g^gg Tif'i

8. WB- IMR# ^ 3ig (End of Corrupt Election System) - gftgig •'fgg tri# gft gmft ft, ggf^ |gft^ aggfta qg % rtr. g#g ggra ggi i^g=T ■ggnr fti Ti f^Rsigg ftte gigr fftrg gift ti ^gig .gi^ 37 Tpgfttfft^ g^rf g ggfti ftgraff ^ sr^ror

'«VMVl«rWV

ft' -^gn?p5[W

ftt •fttHaff •ft ^«Iq5i<. <n<n«*ii'»iqt

gTRi -gjgft ft. •aft •^ tr? gft-fftTftM Fti fargft’ rt*flMTl

nKi'A'ii

.i •

WTfjtg gg•fllhifi /SgRF112

3Rra w ti ^ ftf*r=T ^ -if t ^ ?fl2 ti••5ft(T^ % ^ «ii('jirH* ^ TTr ftrfe ^ ti ^ -Mrqqa ^ ^ *ft ■sj^ m w ^.’ft«imn ^1 5*1 Rny. ITHT^ oKT 3T3 *<H1 -jkÔ f I 5*1 f^k. snif^ % ■gRT■=r5 ^ ^ ^=fMI

R7. 777, %7", c^l/p*;), TO77

Yira

9. RiRhh 3T!!fara^ ^ Wimi (Establishment of Mixed Economy )-«P7WT?l WTJ! MaTT aâfsqsf^ % *^1 •37777 m 'f^ -Rtn^ % •Jlr^ 7^ 7^ -M-^ 377^

ll TTBJof 777^77 777 TTTRf 'll7ft ■ft^. ■^7^ afiT 777H ^ ^7^ TnfTt ^■777777 7ft V^Tt' 7ft PihIxI I7777

WIHH

Thc^'II 7*77 ^TTTft ■77777 777H % "^Ti^ '77717 ^77 t7^77l TT^ 'ft 'TTTTTft y(7ld<^T 771 ''>7lk,'ll aftr (+7h1' % 7777 "7777 "^TT^ ‘TTr^ftl TTT^fN 37«Ioi|<N^| Trrqrft af^ 'J||4ft7

77777 ^7777 % 'TTft 77 77777 ^1

10. "TTf-fq^t Ml<»>fl5i "Tft 7777777 ( Eji* ablishment of Partyless Democracy )— 777 I77777 77 'T^TTlfTTi '7^ % 7717777 7ft

7s777

777 1^ ft "TTTjT ft’ ■ft oqf^'ia

7ft '771771 7ft 377^ 777^7 777 37^9777777 "17777 7f7 ^7% afiT ^ giîci yjfiiwn

'rCICI'H

T^TTTT 7 ftfci=ti 7717 ^ 77! «ti«I<h1 Î tlftTftTT! Tcft % TTftR ■77ft7«a-7fT7 ^ ^Tfft ■'T^Tlt 111 §«iRn«, T^TfT^ IRIa-si 7777 77177 TTI^ ■7cft7 yuiicil % WHWi ■Tft "7*77777 ftt 7ft ^7%!

^TTaTiT?! 77777

7ft

wiiPn lt» 171*17 ( Methods of Total Revolution )"TTWjnf gTTfftt % cT«=ft 7ft 7777 TTTft ft? TTTftnjft "TTT^' % 37777!^ TTTft ft?

7^ ft ftl ^77)7 f^717 77 777 777 TTTTt TfWR HTI ftft77, "77 17r7 aftl 37^ % TTlft ^ 37377T>iifftikl iiik.'ii aftr ftRiefi "Tft '577f77Kl7 ^ 7777^1 ^«Rn>< ?rif^ % "feU 377777^ "TTft "77^77*77^ ft '7^^c7, 7t77T-'7F77f777, 7 ■7F-37f^f7 7ft 7(777 7ft ^TTfTft "7?^ ^771 "37% SRITtTTlJ TTJ ITCJof TTrfftl ■PTlft ft? 17777 l7Fl1%M7 I'—

■771(7)711 7R77’7

1. "TRRfftfrTTf (People’s Committees )-7r777i717 7R177( 777 'fftlTTR 77 % iTjft wiPfl ftiTrl 74<f6a. 7 "TT^^Tft RTHTt STO ^ ^ RTTcft ^1 §«fVti< "S^^ftTfTHfftlTTf ft) 737 "71 7^ "f^t ft 'Ji'i«f4Ri<(i TT^STTft "FITtl tftTR 7713 17771 Tift TfftTi 77^77 "77 TT^Tcft 3T7ft-37777ft ■si'IÎhRi 7ft Slfftcl 7R ft tft dital TpraftfSTf 77 "THÎ SR !J7>K 'ifsjfl 17f7fil77 eft7777f777 77771 777 TTlR TTftftll ft "TftlftlTf 7H-" ft ftl "TSWjft *jf7777 iTTTTRfti71777

2. iiiln'^'jf 11777 ( Peaceful Means )—"^77177717 71T17’7 iftjft srif^ "ft? ITTfil'jft 7■JRIT) Towards Total Revolution’ ft 77S7

TTlIftT 7ft oO'hl SR7 7177 77177 "^1 7S 777ft eHi-*! 7ft dft7)tlif377 ftlTTl 7ft "fTlftl 317771 "Tft Slftl"757715 I777 ■?177 •qifek.l” SUft? 1777 T5tft Rf7, aftlftl 7 "IftlTl cIUttI 777 ^?177 ^771 "37777 "77777 77 I77 1737 aftl 371^ ft) 7777 "^77 7ft ISTlI "^Tq ft 51 %qi qq Kûni

3. RSTTnfftR) fqft)'^fl «h<ui ( Administrative Decentralisation )-'5l73rai7 "TTlTTiJl fttTR^rrftl ft) 5'^j»iiq 7ft Hdl'Hllfl RTSrft ftl ftlTTlt ft TTfeTTTl 7ft *jf7^ 3R! TRTI 377^7 7R ftl ftll ^77177 ft? ftTTT 17771 77 -lift ftl SUf^ "3^ 3771777 77 Iftftfiftl ftlTRUlftl ft? ftlftl ^

7Rft..7)7 '^777 1777 TlfT?17?77 777 1T%|77771

4. UryiK <hl4<7l$l ftr 7777 (Methods of Direct Action )-"77377?77t nioqui 7ft 373ra"377)7 "TTSTl 77 ft? iiîRT) 317517, TTTftijft

377ft 7l 777 "TTftl ft) 7777 i\ 7^ "tl STTd "TTft Hfftijft

77177 "Tlfti^l 3^^ 7^ 11771 RTtIT 77 ftUR Tdft ^ 371^ ft>77l ft 177

4)|4«:(|^'1 ft? TlTTf 7ft 3777715 Tift ft 7l HTtIt 7^' «77l 3lftftu 7 317F*ft7. 7^, "ftllT, esnid TTTTI ft 3777)17 sift "71 ^«ft ?7I^ T7-3r7ftft77f ft? 777 ft^ ft 1777 7?T "ftllR ^

•Tdtjft RTTf/TT ftTTlT' 113

S. •jfHUd fRnr <*>HI ( To form Public Opinion '^TRPFT Hitii «n %nil'll ■slâ

5?.?. 7757, «)/ew.

^ ^ ^ ^ 3RlFft THTPr % ^1^ ^ +1*^4 ^ rT^ "IIRI STra^ft s^Rrik, -Jiiai "TTr ■ji-1'jii'k''i ^1137 HSTd'iyl TiniR TTHTI

■»i-iai WK

44“(uf shind'"?^ oi<l<4^lRch { Practical Form of Total Revolution )% «îq5iR'p 'ji'I+iIhRi'î 'nm RhHil

^ Sii'slci'i '^<n!y.l îwl ^ ■3PT-^f^ etnfaHT % RqlPqct uRtRIU^

"TT Pt‘Ki-il T7§^ «m4?p*i «iii<ii ‘until ^

a-«Tl

'>1‘1H=t>RI -IKNUI

^ 1131^ f^l3i-<4i<il_'ilR<41. % RatniHi “iiH'h tnn

^rlFTTI a*?!! fq^K ^ ■JSTOtT ^ ^liVi ^ ta'iftsd ftvÎTl1975 ^ a-^ll iF-qt,! 'PT^ft "TT <qlq % ^7^ ^-aii'qlti'i ^ w'lfcin [qiqi I ^F-qt,!

ylMUii g ^^1%, we^lFiql gTt Fkâk ^ ippni TRg gi^ ^•q7 gtgitt %--gnFi ijr^ % Tsrg ^ -gujuf gnPg gg grFfgm gt ttjito t wi .

cqi'inq

atq»t'

«Hjj 5Mlln % R<«aia giT ‘jwKftn

( A Critical Evaluation of the Theory of Total Revolution )gîfg gRsign?! ging®! gg grr fq^K cRgncftg .gptftg ^rgrg g^t a^rT^tgr, HiHiFqqi

g Tjgftgtfegi g^ ^ gfrg’jyi 'm4s*^*4 *ti. 4Fqin ■jggft sr^ 3gui^ 'tt srpjHgi Mt 'î 3Ti#ggff gg g^Fn f % ggRg gft'gFggngn ig-l^gnTOf .'^ gsR ti gg? ^ ^

gr gpF t, gFgf^ cRg> grg^ g.i4«FJ^l gn vt gg^g g^ ti sTuggigi litnl gn 7§gg ^gi 'î tnWA'q ned yfaF-iFgg^ gil FiAlF^d fqigi qiai '^, a-^

^ =h<n ■'jyftigi: sRT^grRrg* 'î ?gt cRF sttst groi gfl gt gg Tfig? stiiFfl % fggR ^ fqtr^tn 34pft î strg TiggH^ gcft gft ’^Prgn gg Tft snfyg? îFw ^ T?i t, ’5=ng ggg gitT ^ g^ i, gg ggg ^ ’I, rrsRtfg gg ^g^gi

gilt Tigg g?t t? ggi 'tî 5«nny. gtfgig ggg ^ 7n*jyl ggRg gg gigi^ *ft g^ gig TgfgiR qxnl nsd 1% ggstguTi giggg gft ggpg gft grggKgi tpgnpftg -*?Rtfig frgrg gft g?iT ^gir^ % f^ gpngr ggi T^gr g^rg’jd sipgtcPT gii ggggg?! gRPpg giiRg % 1^ aTsgl gg g^g gii agg ^ m t, 4iiHiF»ig> 3ft7 3TTf8f^ fgggtTTTi agpfi aflgg ugfci gr ti gft '?gg ^ wg gig gf ggf^ gg aggpft ^ grg 1g^ gi ggigT f i ura gggi ^ ^gggg g gfigigiggi gguggg hrnui % gfg 6hi<) gggl g^fgfg ^tgti dIV'i gft gra g? f gtfgpi gliggigi^ ^ g? gg giT gigr tggrz g1g«T ^ gigg gtl ti

tgmg

agg gggtftigi gîgg ggr

5.17. '441U«hlVI ^nTni<JT *{<?^l'<*H (An Evaluation of J,ai Prakash Narayan)

% ggnlFdg) fggRf gg arwrgg girA % gig g^ gra gigg air^ t gg% ggiggi^ iggR Tigglfcrgi Fq-nn % ^faeie g?wj4 ^ f i a-?!^ gtggpftg gnglg ggig g?l g^n ^giT# % '%g gfi *i'4*h ggig, utm % gl^ ti gggil ■s^gg? "Why Socialism’ ggiggi^ gifttg

f TgpT <ycil '^1' andi t.i-qilRi'n qVi^R gT iT. aggigtgg ^ Rioi “gpgg

gggg gjg?igi^ î a-?ll ggl ggnr % wignl gn ggtn gir^ îqlnm «iki q><A grgpT 1ggii ■i^ tl gg g^ gig^fgig gg ggig grg i^n. grutgig % fggig agq a^R ^-grg airgtprT ^ gin dqn ggf^ ggig gft ^gpRi % ggg? gir^ R’Ii sRiti: ^ ^“^Fg and)cm % gfcT gg gi^r' gl. tggci ggig'^ *ft ggt giRtg <MHlFdg- 1ggrg^' il gg^ g^ gni ti

ggg^Ri gpigg

■4- ggggim

114 gigjJg /qqi<<»>

'^nTTm .I3;5? ^1 "3^ IT’TFITSft ^ aiî ri<.l^^''l ^ 3T^S^

RP ^Wk?1 ^ '^5^ f % Hilcil<4 ■^PPraR

^ *<<fl'^>icii TITTP sik ^ Iq-qK <=(cl*il1 <l'*l'llRt=t> ^

^spTSR^ TRnRI% ^■R %-grlf tft 'JlHtl'tiUl IKI*!

iJ3> ^fq<îa oqf^ ^1 ar^T^ ^ TI^

yiHlRj|'+i ^ 3ÎT a-yô f^^l a-?!^ TP-f«6li yflid^ itzÎh'Î ■'R =h<l(l Rtz ^1 +(q]<;4l 'ft^lTVRI ^ ^ "^1 "^raft 'SPSRnTl IKNUI ^

û|jf 9ti]Pfl, iqeT'i-M'3iia-5i, cril'^' STeraifnia^ ^cfni-i ^ UIRpRi î?T ^^*dl ■R=g 33% clldiet'd, ■Wd'^dl, WHMfli, IRlldd, fTOJÎ '53^, ft%Rt3TT'n, TF33tf^ 3^

fci^K 3>T%t

I'tiKirH'ti

■'jof f 3^t7 ^ liiô 3R%3 TF3rff%3> fq^K'*> ^1 ai^Til 3Rcft3 XRFftfiPi fq*fl*i"% % RPTOpRir 'll

35W■f aftr ^ 3Reft3^ %t sfiiieqa R3mWR

i 5.18. Wf?T (Summary)

• 3?.37T. TR 33 ■3H%5 3m TR 33 f333 333 6 3imft, 1886 %t 3f?33l

% 33%^ 373 13771

• W5t 3773 % 3I33 33733% >d=ll^<<rll'^ %?: (1889-1964) 377^1337 3TOT % l33fcIT37f %' %

3:37 I

• ■^. TR R^FT 7%^ ( 1910-1967) 3173 % 77373131% 37f%P3 % 3713% ^rlT,'7333771 377%?13 % 3FR '373^

• ■%73R {'3?73 7737) % 373 ■%'STl^'i^. 7737737% 373377 (1879-1973) 377^p73? 3773

% '33-31337 337 7n%f3^ 9»ilTaîO *1^1

• . d)3r373d' ■% 373 f37M3 '337737777 3T7I3R 377^1337 317%3 pq-eii % ''Ri '3373 1337737 't l

(3773) % 37337

337 ‘1337% 77^13 % 773311^' % 373 % 377^ 1^1

3T137RT (Exercise Questions)

1. 3.3. 773 % 3137137% 1775731' 377''53%§ 37^1

2. 3.3. 773 % h1 Pen'll ■3T333R %'f3573 '377 errf3 3itl

3. 3773733 37 '^33^ '33 3ttf%71 % PIT 'ft3R

4. 37f333T % WM-W %73R’% .'3^ Iq-qiPf 3it oqiiam 37l:i

5. 'Ji'iji'ui W 3I7T3’3 3^1 7T3^fil37 13377373 % 133773 '37 .1«RT% '37^1

I

■ • *777%3 13377^ H5

J

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