indian fertilizer consumption (1975 2012))
TRANSCRIPT
04/11/2023
Prasoon MishraMBAL 10201
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Consumption of Chemical Fertilizers
in India (1975-2012)
WELCOME
Major Advisor Dr. P.K. Mandanna
Seminar Teacher Dr. B.M. Shashidhara
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Scientist view
2
The role of chemical fertilisers for increased agricultural production, in particular in developing countries, is well established. Some Scientist argue that-
Acc. to Tomich et. al. (1995), fertiliser was as important as seed in the Green Revolution.
Acc. FAO (1998) and Hopper (1993), Fertilizer is contributing as much as 50 percent of the yield growth in Asia.
Acc. Bumb (1995), one-third of the cereal production world-wide is due to the use of fertiliser and related factors of production
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Introduction
3
India is the third largest producer and second largest consumer of Chemical fertilizer in the world.
Indian Chemical fertilizer industry started in 1906 with SSP production facility at Ranipet near Chennai
Started Operation in a big scale since 1940s, when the Fertilizer &Chemicals Travancore of India Ltd. and the Fertilizer Corporation of India, in India were set up in Kerala and Bihar.
Indian population continues to increase and the provision of adequate supply of food remains a challenge. This can be achieved only through further increases in yield, involving the enhanced use of fertilizers.
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The total production of N and P2O5 in India was
12.16 million tonnes and 4.36 million tonnes in 2010/11.
However the consumption of N, P2O5 and K2O was 16.85, 8.04 and 3.4 million tones, respectively in 2010/11.
India imports mainly urea, DAP and potassium chloride (MOP). Imports meet the entire MOP requirement as there are no known natural potash deposits in the country. In 2010/11, MOP imports was 3.34 million tonnes.
In addition, India also imports a small quantity of mono ammonium phosphate (MAP) and potassium sulphate (SOP) (65 000 and 10 500 tonnes, respectively, in 2010/11).
4
Cont…
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Major Players
5
The public sector companies in Indian Fertilizer market are listed below:
Fertilizer Corporation of India Limited(FCIL)Hindustan Fertilizer Corporation Limited (HFC)Pyrites, Phosphates & Fertilizers Limited Rashtriya Chemicals and Fertilizers Limited (RCF)National Fertilizers Limited (NFL)The Fertilizers and Chemicals Travancore Limited
(FACT)Madras Fertilizers Limited(MFL)FCI Aravali Gypsum & Minerals India Limited, Jodhpur
Source: www.fert.nic.in
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Some Private Fertilizer Companies
6
The Scientific Fertilizer Corporation Pvt. LtdCoromandel FertilizerDeepak Fertilizer and Petrochemicals Corporation
Limited Apratim InternationalDevidayal Agro ChemicalsGujatat State Fertilizer & Chemical limited Tata Chemical and Fertilizer limitedChambal FertilizersNagarjuna Fertilizer and Chemical limitedGodavari Fertilizers and Chemical limitedZuari Industries limited
Source: www.fert.nic.in
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Some Co-operative sector fertilizer companies
7
Indian Farmers Fertilizer Cooperative Limited(IFFCO)Krishak Bharati Co-operative Limited (KRIBHCO)
Source: www.fert.nic.in
Joint venture OMFICO- Oman- ( KRIBHCO, IFFCO , Oman oil
company)ICS Senegal (IFFCO,GOI,SPIC)IJC JordanIMACID MoroccoJIFCO JordanTIFERT TunisiaCorporation with Syria, Russia, Indonesia,
Australia, Ghana
April 11, 20238 Source: GOI(2010), “Indian Fertilizer Scenario”, Department of fertilizers, Ministry of Chemical and Fertilizer, Govt. of India, New Delhi.
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1981-82 to 1990-91
1991-92 to 2000-01
2001-02 to 2010-11
0
50
100
150
200
250
151.2
190.6
212.5
Foodgrain Production m
illion t
onnes
1981-82 to 1990-91
1991-92 to 2000-01
2001-02 to 2010-11
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
126.9
122.9
121.1
Area under Foodgrains
million h
a
1981-82 to 1990-91
1991-92 to 2000-01
2001-02 to 2010-11
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
1.19
1.551.75
Foodgrains yield
tonnes/h
a
9Source :www.Indiastat.com
There is Inverse
relation-ship between
foodgrains production and area
under foodgrains.
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1974
-75
1976
-77
1978
-79
1980
-81
1982
-83
1984
-85
1986
-87
1988
-89
1990
-91
1992
-93
1994
-95
1996
-97
1998
-99
2000
-01
2002
-03
2004
-05
2006
-07
2008
-09
2010
-11
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
NPK
'000 t
onnes
Trend of Fertilizer Consumption (N,P and K ) in India: 1974-75 to 2010-11
10Source : Fertilizer Association of India,2011
6000 MT
8800MT
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1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s0
20
40
60
80
100
120
68.6 67.9 65.7 67.962.9
21.4 20.6 24.1 23.6 25.6
10.1 11.4 10.2 8.5 11.5
Share of Primary Nutrients (N,P and K ) in Total Consumption of Chemical Fertilizers
KPN
%
Source :www.Indiastat.com and Fertiliser Association of India
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Growth rate in fertilizer
consumption (%)Growth rate in foodgrains(%)
Period Total Per ha. Production YieldPre-green revolution period (1950-51 to
1966-67)19.41 18.11 3.56 3.45
Post-green revolution period 8.75 8.49 2.65 2.53
Phase I (1967-68 – 1980-81) 9.9 9.29 2.27 1.87
Phase II (1981-82– 1991-92) 7.39 6.61 2.77 3.13
Post-reforms Period (1991-92 to 2009-10) 3.98 3.69 1.33 1.38
8th Five Year Plan 4.51 5.63 1.26 1.1
9th Five Year Plan 1.35 0.43 - 2.87 - 0.98
10th Five Year Plan 7.57 7.4 2.52 2.05
Growth Rate in Chemical Fertilizer Consumption and Foodgrains Production
Source: Fertiliser Association of India (2010)
Rate of consumption of fertiliser is directly proportional to growth rate in production.
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Trends in Consumption of Plant Nutrients (N,P and K) Per Hectare of Gross Cropped Area in India: 1951 to 2009-10
Source: Fertilizer Association of India Annual Report 2011
84 kg/ha
144 kg/ha
31 kg/ha
22 kg/ha
Year 2010-11
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Intensity of Chemical Fertilizer Use by Regions: 1971-72 to 2009-10
Source: Fertilizer Association of India Annual Report 2011
Indian is planning for II Second Green Revolution especially focusing on oilseed, pulse and foodgrains production in eastern and western region.By Sreekumar Raghavan , ICAR Scientist
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2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18Production and Consumption of N, P & K in
India
N Produc-tion N Consump-tionP Production P Consump-tion
Million Tonnes
Year
Source: www.indiastat.com
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A.P.
Punjab
T.N.
Har
yana
Bihar
Karna.
..U.P
.
Gujr
atW
.B
Mah
ara.
..
INDIA
Uttar
k...
J&k
Keral
a
Chhattis...
M.P
.
Assam
Oriss
aH.P
.
Rajas
...0
50
100
150
200
250
300
2009-102010-11
kg/ha
Per Hectare Chemical Fertilizer Consumption in States (kg/ha): 2009-10 and 2010-11
Source: www.indiastat.com
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2001
-02
2002
-03
2003
-04
2004
-05
2005
-06
2006
-07
2007
-08
2008
-09
2009
-10
2010
-11
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
91.1384.4988.1996.59
105.5110.3118.56
126.22135.76
144.14
Per Hactere Consumption of Chemical Fertilizers in IndiaKg/ha
Source: www.indiastat.com
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Consumption kg/ha
1986-87 1989-90 1993-94 1996-97 1999-00 2002-03 2009-10
Above 200 3(0.9) 5(1.4) 9(2.3) 13(3.1) 31(6.6) 36(7.5) 112(20.77)
150-200 12(3.4) 21(5.7) 29(7.4) 36(8.6) 45(9.6) 47(9.7) 76(14.20)
100-150 32(9.2) 42 (11.4) 59 (15.1) 60(14.4) 94 (20.0) 92 (19.0) 105(19.47)
75-100 34(9.7) 46 (12.5) 56 (14.4) 59(14.1) 62 (13.2) 61 (12.6) 64(11.84)
50-75 55 (15.8) 70 (19.0) 77 (19.7) 73(17.5) 78 (16.6) 79 (16.4) 63(11.72)
25-50 92 (26.4) 85 (23.1) 79 (20.3) 93(22.2) 80 (17.1) 97 (20.1) 66(12.28)
<25 121(34.7) 99 (26.9) 81 (20.8) 84(20.1) 79 (16.8) 71 (14.7) 52(9.73)
Total 349(100)368
(100.0)390
(100.0)
418(100.0)
469(100.0)
483(100.0 538(100.0)
Classification of Districts According to Ranges of Chemical Fertilizer Consumption (N + P + K)
% in Bracket
Source: Fertiliser Association of India (2010)
Number of district, using fertilizer more than avg. consumption of India is consistently increasing.
Crops wise consumption of Chemical Fertilizer in India
April 11, 202321
Rice37%
Wheat24%
Food Grains8%
Pulses3%
Oil Seeds9%
Sugarcane5%
Cotton3%
Vegetables4%
Fruits2%
Others5%
Crops wise consumption of Chemical Fertilizer in India
Rice
Wheat
Food Grains
Pulses
Oil Seeds
Sugarcane
Cotton
Vegetables
Fruits
Others
61%
other
Source: Food and Agriculture Organization, 2011
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2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Consumption of Major Chemical Fertilizer Products in India
UreaDAPMOP
Million Tonnes
Source: www.indiastat.com
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Share of Major Fertilizer Products in Total Consumption of N, P and K Nutrients : 2005-06 to 2009-10
Source: www.indiastat.com
YearShare of Urea
in Total NShare of DAP
in Total PShare of SSP
in Total PShare of MOP
in Total K
2005-06 80.6 59.8 8.5 67.9
2006-07 81.3 61.2 8.4 66.4
2007-08 82.8 63 7 65.6
2008-09 81.2 65.3 6.4 73.9
2009-10 78.8 66 6 76.5
2010-11 84.3 67.6 6.7 75
2011-12 86.5 70 7.1 73.6
Average 82.28571 64.7 7.157143 71.271429
April 11, 202324Source: Fertilizer Association of India , Annual Report 2011
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Trends in Actual and Estimated Consumption of Fertilizer Nutrients in India: 1976-77 to 2009-10
Source: Fertilizer Association of India Annual Report 2011
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Current Scenario
26
Most companies are expecting approval for the huge capital expenditure plans form department of fertilizer and industry.
Indian fertilizer companies joined hands with Jordan, Senegal, Oman, Morocco, Egypt etc.
In India production of urea was 21.8 million tonnes where as consumption is 28.2 million tonnes in 2010-11, so 6.4 million tonnes of urea is imported by India in 2010-11.
Source: www. indiastat.com
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Current Scenario
27
In same way production of DAP in India was 7.76 million tonnes where as the consumption was 11.4 million tonnes in 2010-11, so 3.64 million tonnes of DAP is imported by India in 2010-11
Fertilizer subsidy has taken largest share for 35.9% (62301/173420 Crore) of total subsidies in 2010-11
The demand of Chemical fertilizer is expected to increase by 4% in 2012-13.
Source: www. indiastat.com
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Fertilizer Regulation
28
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Central Fertilizer Quality Control and Training Institute
29
Undertaking inspection and analysis of imported and indigenous fertilizers.
Standardization and development of method of analysis
Training of fertilizer enforcement officers and analystsActing as a referee laboratoryProviding technical guidance to the central and state
government on Fertilizer Quality Control Laboratories. There are 67 Fertilizer Quality Control Laboratories in
the Country which includes 4 set up by Central Government as CFQC&TI, Faridabad and its three Regional Laboratories (Chennai, Mumbai, Kalyani (Kolkata) ).
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Fertilizer Control Order
30
Fertiliser Control Order (1985) was promulgated under Section 3 of Essential Commodities Act,1955
Compulsory registration of fertilizer makers, importer and sellers.
Specifications for all fertilizer produced, imported or sold in India.
A set of regulations on the manufacture of fertilizer mixtures.
Packing and labeling of fertilizer bags.Appointment of enforcement agencies and creation of
quality control laboratories.Banning of the manufacture or import and sale of non-
standard, spurious or adulterated fertilizers.
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Strategies for Industry Expansion
31
Modernization and revamping of existing fertilizer units.
Reviving some the closed fertilizer units Alternative sources for urea productionEstablishment of joint ventures where
cheaper raw materials can be procuredJoint ventures for phosphoric acid
procurement.In the case of phosphatic fertilizer, the raw
materials and intermediates are imported in large scale.
Some Closed Plants
Source :- GOI(2010), “Indian Fertilizer Scenario”.April 11, 202332
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Summery and Conclusion
33
India’s fertilizer consumption is consistently increasing, while the total area under foodgrains is decreasing.
Intensity of per hectare fertilizer consumption of fertilizer is more in northern(91.5 kg/ha avg.) and southern (85.3 kg/ha avg.) region and lower in eastern (44.7 kg/ha avg.)and western(40.7 kg/ha avg.) region.
More than half of the total consumption of fertilizer is consumed by only two crops i.e. rice and wheat.
By 2020, fertilizer demand in country is projected to increase to about 41.6 million tonnes.
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Summery and Conclusion
34
Indian imports, which were about 2 million tonnes in early part of 2000, increased to 11.69 million tonnes of fertilizer in 2010-11.
The intensity of fertilizer use varied greatly from about 55 kg per hectare in Rajasthan to as high as 254 kg per hectare in Andhra Pradesh.
In 2009-10, 112 out of 538 district (20.8%) consumed more than 200 kg fertilizer per hectare.
Overall, availability of raw material, capital resources and price incentives will play critical role in meeting the fertilizer requirement in the country.
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References
35
GOI(2010), “Indian Fertilizer Scenario”, Department of fertilizers, Ministry of Chemical and Fertilizer, Govt. of India, New Delhi.
FAO(2011), “Fertilizer Used by Crops in India”, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation, Rome.
FAI(2010-11), “ Indian Fertilizer Industry Annual Repot”, Fertilizer Association of India.
www.indiastat.comwww.fert.nic.in
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Questions?????
36