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Directorate of Research on Women in Agriculture(Indian Council of Agricultural Research)

Bhubaneswar-751003

Annual Report2012-2013

CitationDRWA, Annual Report 2012-13,Directorate of Research on Women inAgriculture, Bhubaneswar-751 003,Odisha

Editorial CommitteeAnil KumarA.K. ShuklaSuman AgarwalS.K. SrivastavaGayatri Moharana

Secretarial AssistanceAmrita Maharana

Scientific/ technical informationcontained in this report is based onunprocessed/ processed data, whichwould form the basis for scientific ortechnical publications. Hence, this datashall not be made use of without thepermission of Directorate/ ICAR, except forquoting it as scientific reference.

Published by

Dr. M. P. S. AryaActing Director, Directorate of Researchon Women in Agriculture,Bhubaneswar-751 003, Odisha

Printed atCapital Business Service & ConsultancyB-51, Sahid Nagar, Bhubaneswaremail : [email protected]

iii

Contribution of women in the agriculture sector is immense. There is every likelihood of increasein overall development of rural families if due consideration is given to develop gender sensitiveagricultural technologies, extension and development models, working environment includingtheir health and hygiene. The Directorate of Research on Women in Agriculture has been makingefforts in this direction through in house projects, network programmes, sensitization of linedepartments and developing global linkages. Network Projects and the AICRP on Home Sciencecontinued its effort in empowering farm women by understanding the critical areas of women’sparticipation for various sub sectors and activities through collection of gender disaggregateddata and collecting evidences through action research. An understanding of the sector wisegender participation in agriculture, trends in enrolment of girls in higher agriculture educationand documentation of research contributions in the subject are the important outcomes of theseendeavours. These have facilitated planning and implementation of participatory action researchto develop models for gender mainstreaming in crop production, horticulture, livestockmanagement, fisheries and extension education through collaborative research with ICAR researchinstitutes, agricultural universities and development departments. Farm and home beinginseparable units dealing with human development, research programmes under AICRP continuedto address food and nutritional, drudgery reduction in farm and home, infant stimulation packagesfor farm families, empowerment of adolescent girls, value addition of farm byproducts andprotective clothing. An innovative approach towards technology dissemination was also initiatedin the form of AICRP-KVK Interface Workshops implemented by all the coordinating centres.

I feel proud in presenting the salient achievements of the Institute in this Annual Report. I amgrateful to Dr S. Ayyappan, Director General, ICAR for his keen interest in the development ofthe Directorate. It is my privilege to thank Dr K.D. Kokate, Deputy Director General (AgriculturalExtension) and Dr. Krishna Srinath, former Director, DRWA for guiding the scientists andsupporting each and every person of DRWA which resulted in achieving the goals set for theDirectorate.

Bhubaneswar09 July 2013

Mahendra Pal Singh Arya Acting Director

Directorate of Research on Women in Agriculture

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Preface

Executive Summary 1

1. Introduction 4

2. Research Achievements 7

3. Weather Report 56

4. Important Meetings 56

5. Rajbhasa 59

6. Publications/Award & Recognitions 60

7. Training/Workshop/Seminar 78

8. Participation in Conferences/Symposia 80

/Seminars/Workshop

9. Research Projects 85

10. Personnel 86

Annual Report 2012-131

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Directorate on Women in Agriculture hasbeen undertaking research in the mandatedactivities through programmes inInstitutional and network mode besidesAICRP on Home Science. The majorachievements during the year are as under.

The Public Private Partnership (PPP) modelfor gender mainstreaming was undertakenin Assam, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Odisha.The impact of gender mainstreaming throughthe project on vermi-composting wasevaluated by undertaking a field study inJorhat district of Assam. The farmers reportedthat there was an increase in the yield by 10-15 percent and realized higher returns fortheir produce. The PPP model helped increating market demand in the villages andfacilitated the sale of surplus produce throughfairs and exhibitions. In Kerala , a PPP modelfor cultivation of oyster and milky mushroomswith commercial viability was establishedthrough selected women groups in thedistricts of Palakkad and Thrissur. The PPPmodel for vegetable cultivation in Tamil Naduidentified the constraints observed by farmwomen. Appropriate institutionalarrangements need to be put in place to takecare of the constraints experienced by farmwomen while undertaking vegetablemarketing in the PPP mode. This model forQPM maize cultivation was taken to the farmwomen of Bantala village in Khorda districtin Odisha and the perceived impact on gainin knowledge and skill on men and womenwere analyzed in the adopted village.

Gender issues involved in transplanting ofrice were studied in association with a localNGO in the model village project. It wasobserved that the line planting took 20 percent more time as compared to randomplanting. Men were involved mostly in

carrying seedling to the field (80.20%) andstretching rope for line planting (49%).Ergonomical parameters such as musculoskeletal discomfort (highest in midback andlowest in ankle), physiological stress (heartrate 88.7 to 103 beats/minute) and gripfatigue were within the acceptable range.Advantages of line planting outweighed thedisadvantages. Impact of genderparticipation in biological pest control inpaddy was also studied. Cropping systemmanagement through introduction of pulsecultivation on field bunds can take care ofthe nutritional requirements of farm families.

A study on access of farm women toextension services and credit revealed thatwomen exhibited more interest to takeextension messages in group contact whilemen evinced enthusiasm in all the methods.It was also found that the gender gapsdisappeared when access to productiveinputs were equalized. The farm womenpreferred the messages in the areas ofmushroom cultivation, nutrition garden, careof domestic animals and credit facility.

Expert systems were developed in English onfive major crops : paddy, sugarcane, bananaunder precision system, coconut and fingermillet; and three animal enterprises namely,cattle & buffalo, sheep & goat and poultry.Later these were translated into regionallanguages - Tamil, Kannada and Malayalam,for the benefit of farmers belonging to therespective states.

Refinement of storage pest managementtechniques in selected cereals, pulses,condiments and spices with genderperspective was undertaken using camphor,asafoetida, clove, neem oil etc. which iscommonly available in rural households.

Annual Report 2012-13 2

Research gaps were identified under anetwork project on assessment of genderissues identification and refinement ofselected women specific technologies inhorticultural crops, operational in six centres.Interventions taken to address these gapswere (i) seedling raising in portrays insideprotected structures, (ii) planting on raisedbeds for better survival, (iii) introduction ofhigh yielding brinjal, bitter gourd, cucumberand pumpkin, (iv) nursery raising underprotected structures with 50% agro-shed net,(v) cultivation of off-season and high valuevegetables and (vi) proper staking/trainingof cucurbits.

Considering the potential of vegetables,technologies have also been standardized forprotected cultivation of off- season tomatoand cucumber; which gives Rs. 250- 400/ m²annually. The farm women are being trainedto upgrade their skills so that they can earnmore returns from the unit area of polyhouse/ net house.

Entrepreneurial capability of farmwomenthrough hands-on training in processingof guava, lemon and ginger for makingsquash were carried out at DRWA andtheir impact studied.

To make quality planting materials availableto rural women, in-vitro propagationtechnique for gourd vine was optimizedusing the nodal portion as explants. The bestinitial micro-shoot response was obtainedwhen the explants were cultured on the MSmedium containing Kinetin 8.0 mg/l. Thesub-culturing medium with 4.0 mg/litreNAA produced maximum regeneratedshoots with good shoot growth. In-vitrorooting was optimized with 0.4 NAA mg/litre gave highest root initiation and alsonumber of roots.

Appropriate technologies were assessed andsuitable interventions were made to improvethe skill and livelihood of women livestockkeepers with goats, pigs, backyard poultryand area specific mineral mixture at fivenetwork centres. Women were motivated touse revolving stool (pirhi) for milking animalswhich reduced their drudgery and increasedwork efficiency. Hybrid napier fodder wasintroduced in the backyard garden and alongthe drainage channels which provided greenfodder to their milch animals. There was ageneral lack of awareness regarding use ofchaff cutter and feeding trough for feedingthe animals resulting in loss of animal feed.

The All India Coordinated Research Project(AICRP) on Home Science is in operation innine State Agricultural Universities. The mainthrust of the project is empowerment of ruralwomen for improving the quality of life offarm families. It focused on development ofgender specific database and trainingmodules for farm women, technologyinterventions for drudgery reduction inagriculture, nutritional security andpromotion of health of farm families,promoting vocational skills among adolescentgirls, value addition to under-utilized naturalfibre resources, utilization of degradable /non-degradable farm waste andempowerment of rural women. To study thegender participation in agriculture, datapertaining to 8875 households from 46 agro-climatic zones were analyzed throughselected indicators. For economicempowerment of women, nine trainingmodules were developed for establishment ofmicro-enterprises. In the areas of drudgeryreduction in agriculture, 19 technologies werefield validated and trainings/demonstrationson these were given to the women of self helpgroups. To combat micro nutrient deficiency


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Directorate on Women in Agriculture hasbeen undertaking research in the mandatedactivities through programmes inInstitutional and network mode besidesAICRP on Home Science. The majorachievements during the year are as under.

The Public Private Partnership (PPP) modelfor gender mainstreaming was undertakenin Assam, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Odisha.The impact of gender mainstreaming throughthe project on vermi-composting wasevaluated by undertaking a field study inJorhat district of Assam. The farmers reportedthat there was an increase in the yield by 10-15 percent and realized higher returns fortheir produce. The PPP model helped increating market demand for maize in thevillages and facilitated the sale of surplusproduce through fairs and exhibitions. InKerala , a PPP model for cultivation of oysterand milky mushrooms with commercialviability was established through selectedwomen groups in the districts of Palakkadand Thrissur. The PPP model for vegetablecultivation in Tamil Nadu identified theconstraints observed by farm women.Appropriate institutional arrangements needto be put in place to take care of theconstraints experienced by farm womenwhile undertaking vegetable marketing in thePPP mode. This model for QPM maizecultivation was taken to the farm women ofBantala village in Khorda district in Odishaand the perceived impact on gain inknowledge and skill on men and womenwere analyzed in the adopted village.

Gender issues involved in transplanting ofrice were studied in association with a localNGO in the model village project. It wasobserved that the line planting took 20 percent more time as compared to random

planting. Men were involved mostly incarrying seedling to the field (80.20%) andstretching rope for line planting (49%).Ergonomical parameters such as musculoskeletal discomfort (highest in midback andlowest in ankle), physiological stress (heartrate 88.7 to 103 beats/minute) and gripfatigue were within the acceptable range.Advantages of line planting outweighed thedisadvantages. Impact of genderparticipation in biological pest control inpaddy was also studied. Cropping systemmanagement through introduction of pulsecultivation on field bunds can take care ofthe nutritional requirements of farm families.

A study on access of farm women toextension services and credit revealed thatwomen exhibited more interest in takingextension messages in group contact whilemen evinced enthusiasm in all the methods.It was also found that the gender gapsdisappeared when access to productiveinputs were equalized. The farm womenpreferred the messages in the areas ofmushroom cultivation, nutrition garden, careof domestic animals and credit facility.

Expert systems were developed in English onfive major crops : paddy, sugarcane, bananaunder precision system, coconut and fingermillet; and three animal enterprises, namely-cattle & buffalo, sheep & goat and poultry.Later these were translated into regionallanguages - Tamil, Kannada and Malayalam,for the benefit of farmers belonging to therespective states.

Refinement of storage pest managementtechniques in selected cereals, pulses,condiments and spices with genderperspective was undertaken using camphor,asafoetida, clove, neem oil etc. which iscommonly available in rural households.


Research gaps were identified under anetwork project on assessment of genderissues identification and refinement ofselected women specific technologies inhorticultural crops, operational in six centres.Interventions taken to address these gapswere (i) seedling raising in portrays insideprotected structures, (ii) planting on raisedbeds for better survival, (iii) introduction ofhigh yielding brinjal, bitter gourd, cucumberand pumpkin, (iv) nursery raising underprotected structures with 50% agro-shed net,(v) cultivation of off-season and high valuevegetables and (vi) proper staking/trainingof cucurbits.

Considering the potential of vegetables,technologies have also been standardized forprotected cultivation of off- season tomatoand cucumber; which gives Rs. 250- 400/ m²annually. The farm women are being trainedto upgrade their skills so that they can earnmore returns from the unit area of polyhouse/ net house.

Entrepreneurial capability of farmwomenthrough hands-on training in processingof guava, lemon and ginger for makingsquash were carried out at DRWA andtheir impact studied.

To make quality planting materials availableto rural women, in-vitro propagationtechnique for gourd vine was optimizedusing the nodal portion as explants. The bestinitial micro-shoot response was obtainedwhen the explants were cultured on the MSmedium containing Kinetin 8.0 mg/l. Thesub-culturing medium with 4.0 mg/litreNAA produced maximum regeneratedshoots with good shoot growth. In-vitrorooting was optimized with 0.4 NAA mg/litre gave highest root initiation and alsonumber of roots.

Appropriate technologies were assessed andsuitable interventions were made to improvethe skill and livelihood of women livestockkeepers with goats, pigs, backyard poultryand area specific mineral mixture at fivenetwork centres. Women were motivated touse revolving stool (pirhi) for milking animalswhich reduced their drudgery and increasedwork efficiency. Hybrid napier fodder wasintroduced in the backyard garden and alongthe drainage channels which provided greenfodder to their milch animals. There was ageneral lack of awareness regarding use ofchaff cutter and feeding trough for feedingthe animals resulting in loss of animal feed.

The All India Coordinated Research Project(AICRP) on Home Science is in operation innine State Agricultural Universities. The mainthrust of the project is empowerment of ruralwomen for improving the quality of life offarm families. It focused on development ofgender specific database and trainingmodules for farm women, technologyinterventions for drudgery reduction inagriculture, nutritional security andpromotion of health of farm families,promoting vocational skills among adolescentgirls, value addition to under-utilized naturalfibre resources, utilization of degradable /non-degradable farm waste andempowerment of rural women. To study thegender participation in agriculture, datapertaining to 8875 households from 46 agro-climatic zones were analyzed throughselected indicators. For economicempowerment of women, nine trainingmodules were developed for establishment ofmicro-enterprises. In the areas of drudgeryreduction in agriculture, 19 technologies werefield validated and trainings/demonstrationson these were given to the women of self helpgroups. To combat micro nutrient deficiency


among rural families, 510 nutrition gardenswere established in rabi and kharif season.Need assessment was done for promotion ofvocational skills among adolescent girls andyoung mothers and 55 skill oriented trainingprogrammes were organized for 1351adolescent girls/mothers and anganwadiworkers. Underutilized locally available fibreswere used to produce value added productsfor income generation and disseminated tofarmwomen in adopted villages for economic

empowerment of farmwomen. Protectivegarments were designed and developed toprotect farmwomen from health hazardsfaced during pesticide application.

The Directorate observed Hindi Chetna Masby organizing various literary and awarenessprogrammes. Research Advisory Committee,Institutional Research Council and oncampus trainings were also organized by theDirectorate.


1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Brief History

On the recommendation of the Working Group on Agricultural Research and Educationconstituted by the Planning Commission for the formulation of the Eighth Five Year Plan(1992-97), National Research Centre for Women in Agriculture was established atBhubaneswar with a sub-centre located in the campus of CIAE, Bhopal in 1996. Further, theInstitute was upgraded to the Directorate of Research on Women in Agriculture during XIPlan. Since its inception, DRWA has been in the forefront undertaking research on issuesaffecting women and the opportunities in agriculture. It has focused on participatory actionresearch in different technology based theme areas involving rural women to test suitabilityof technologies for women and suggest for their refinement. The Directorate is also workingto catalye and facilitate R & D institutions to bring in farm women perspectives in theirprogrammes.

1.3 Objectives

Undertake studies to assess farm technologies, programmes, institutions andpolicies with gender perspective

Understand the dynamics of gender role in different agro-ecological andproduction systems and its linkages with agricultural development

Identify and understand drudgery related issues and other constraints amongfarmwomen and suggest measures for increasing their work efficiency

Create and maintain a database on gender in agriculture to meet informationneeds of stakeholders

Develop gender sensitive science & technology based models and institutionalinnovations for sustainable livelihood security and empowerment of women.

Capacity building of R & D professionals for addressing gender issues inagriculture

Documentation and dissemination of gender based knowledge among thestakeholders

1.2. Mandate

Carrying out basic, strategic and applied research to identify gender issues, testingappropriateness of farm-technologies / programmes / policies with women perspectiveand capacity building of stakeholders


1.4 ORGANOGRAM OF DRWA


Cadre Strength as on 31.03.2013

AICRP on Home Science

Budget & Expenditure of DRWA for the year 2012-13


2. RESAERCH ACHIEVEMENTS

K. Ponnusamy, Krishna Srinath and SabitaMishra

The project was initiated in 2009-2012 at sixcenters across the country: Directorate ofResearch on Women in Agriculture, KeralaAgricultural University, CCS HaryanaAgriculture University, AvinashilingamUniversity for Women, Assam AgricultureUniversity and Maharana Pratap Universityof Agriculture and Technology. The variousactivities undertaken in the project during theyear are given below.

2.1.1 Gender mainstreaming forsustainable agricultural production throughPPP model in Assam

Farm women in Jorhat District of Assamthrough Public Private Partnership (PPP)have been practicing and propagating theproduction and utilization of vermi-compostamong the fellow farmwomen in theirsurrounding areas.

The impact of gender mainstreaming through

vermi-composting was evaluated byundertaking a field study in Jorhat district ofAssam. Through this project, first both themen and women were motivated about thetechnology and then mobilized them basedon their involvement through SHGs andNGO partner. Most of the respondentsobserved the visible benefits of applyingvermi-compost in tea gardens and ridge gourdplots which was realized in terms of higheryield, reduction in pest and diseases,substantial reduction of cost of chemicalfertilizers and pesticides and disease freeplants life. The technology was adopted bythe respondents with slight modificationbased on their perception and availableresources. The farmers produced 200 to 500kg of vermicompost per cycle (3 to 4months). They spent about Rs. 1000/-towards bamboo sticks, earthworms andplastic sheet. The farmers reported that therewas an increase in the yield by 10-15 percentand realized higher returns for their produce.The leaders of SHGs got a bank account

Fig. 1-2. Vermicompost units in a tea garden in Assam

2.1 Network project on Public Private Partnership for gender mainstreaming inagriculture


opened because of DRDA activities. Theproject also motivated the beneficiariesindirectly for thrift and savings. Local marketdemand was created in the villages and theirneighbourhood. The project has facilitatedthe sale of surplus produce through fairs andexhibitions. The farm families learnt to packvermin-compost in appropriate quantitiesand understood the benefits of organic

Fig. 3. Produced Vermi-compost

produce. There was no hurdle in access andutilization of the local resources like waterand other common properties. The farmwomen also had felt the enhanced access toservices provided by panchayat.

2.1.2 Public Private Partnership Model inmushroom enterprise in Kerala

A PPP model for cultivation of oyster andmilky mushrooms with commercial viabilitywas established through selected womengroups in the districts of Palakkad andThrissur by Kerala Agricultural University.Selection of members from the establishedSHG with experience in mushroomcultivation in the two districts wascompleted. The group consisted of thirtymembers from Palakkad and five membersfrom Thrissur. A series of sensitizationmeetings of the selected SHG members andpublic and private partners were organizedat State Seed Farm Kunnanur, Palakkad.Stakeholder meetings of both public & privatepartners were held to identify the risk andresources that could be shared by eachpartners and institutionalisation of thelinkages through MOU. Hands-on experiencewas provided for the registered groupmembers by linking with the commercialmushroom demonstration units establishedunder the project. Master trainers fromprivate partners were involved as consultantsin the establishment and supervision of thedemonstration units. Demonstration units of20 x 50 sq.ft area were set up in each districtfor oyster and milky mushrooms at theselected sites. The production in thesedemonstration units were taken up by theselected women group members underfacilitation of Master trainer and researchteam. The target of 100 kg for the initiallymonths was met from the demonstrationunits and registered women SHGs. Thecontinuation of the project and redefining of

Fig. 4. Women with Vermi-compost


the MOU terms and conditions to suit anyemerging contingencies was ensured andprocess documentation to evolve PPP modelfor gender mainstreaming in agriculture wastaken up. The model was validated with thewomen groups in the project throughmeasurement of various womenempowerment parameters. Prospects ofregistering as Producer Company and scopefor product diversification were alsoexplored.

2.1.3 PPP model in vegetable marketing inTamil Nadu

The impact of PPP model in vegetablemarketing undertaken in collaboration withAvinashilingam Institute of Home Scienceand Higher Education for Women,Coimbatore, was studied from 04.03.2013 to07.03.2013 at village Ikkaraipooluvanpatti.The partnership between Hotel Annapoorna,Avinashilingam Institute of Home Scienceand Higher Education for Women, farmwomen groups and marketing committee ofCoimbatore worked very well during theproject period. The constraint observed by thefarm women were grading, qualityparameters as emphasized by the privatepartner and assembling of farm produce atone place, receiving and clearing cheques torealize the hard cash and transporting theproduce to the Hotels. Appropriateinstitutional arrangements need to be put inplace to take care of the constraintsexperienced by farm women whileundertaking vegetable marketing throughpublic private partnership.

2.1.4 Public-Private Partnership for GenderMainstreaming in QPM Maize cultivation

Cultivation of quality protein maize wasintroduced in Bantala village of Khordhadistrict under PPP model to bring gendermainstreaming in agriculture. The perceivedimpact on gain in knowledge and skill onmen and women were analyzed in adoptedarea. It was observed that there was a greatchange in the farm women in the followingsixteen areas that were studied :

Fig. 5. Oyster and milky mushroom cultivation unit

Fig. 6. Stakeholder meetings in Kerala


The impact of maize cultivation was more onwomen than the men except on the familynutrition parameter where both werebenefited equally. The areas where impactwas more on farm women were gain inknowledge, skill, attitude, satisfaction, profit,leisure time use, production, bargainingpower, land utilization, social acceptance,employment, drudgery reduction,strengthening livelihood and increase inincome.

Attitude towards maize cultivation: Theattitude of farm women was measured in afive point continuum scale covering ‘stronglyagree’, ‘agree’, ‘neutral’, ‘disagree’ and

‘strongly disagree’ also against eachstatement the score was assigned as 5, 4,3, 2and 1 respectively. The result of rank orderanalysis is presented in following table.

Fig. 7. Maize cultivation

Table 2. Attitude of farm women towards maize cultivation (n=20)

Table 1. Impact of maize cultivation through PPPAreas of Impact Perceived Impact

Women Men

i) Gain in knowledge *** **ii) Gain in skill **** **iii) Employment opportunity *** *iv) Drudgery reduction **** ***v) Change in attitude *** **vi) Social recognition *** *vii) Strengthening livelihood *** **viii) Family nutrition *** ***ix) Satisfaction **** ***x) Profit *** **xi) Productive use of leisure time *** **xii) Production *** **xiii) Bargaining power *** *xiv) Land utilization *** **xv) Social acceptance **** ***xvi) Increase in income *** **

* 0-25%, ** 26-50%, *** 51-75%, **** 76-100%


The study on attitude of farm womentowards maize cultivation revealed that therank for more income can be obtained fromother engagements than maize, technologiesfor maize are needed for agriculturaldevelopment, no need of maize farming asrice is available @ Rs.2/- by government,there is no extra advantages in maize and onecannot run livelihood from maize were I, II,III, IV and V respectively.

Fig. 8. Discussion with women farmers

2.2. Technology Application and Gender Mainstreaming in Agriculture for developing amodel village

K.Ponnusamy, M.P.S.Arya, A.K.Shukla,Anil Kumar, Sabita Mishra, H.K.Dash,Jyoti Nayak, Gayatri Moharana

Under this project different technologicalinterventions in gender perspective weremade in Giringaput village for gendermainstreaming. The following themes wereprioritized and interventions wereimplemented during the year.

2.2.1 Gender issues in transplanting of rice

Transplanting is one of the major farmactivities in rice cultivation where womeninvolvement is high. In order to understandthe perception of male land owners andwomen agricultural labourers about thegender issues in transplanting of rice linkagewas developed with the Department ofAgriculture, Government of Odisha to adoptGiringaput village for promoting lineplanting under one of its schemes “BringingGreen Revolution to Eastern India”.Accordingly, 270 acres, involving 210 farmerswere facilitated for line planting in acollaborative mode with DRWA offeringcapacity building and subsequentmonitoring;. An NGO Pallishree motivatedthe farmers for line planting and departmentof agriculture offered incentives through

NGO. DRWA organised a training on“Gender and improved methods of ricecultivation” on 13.07.2012 at Giringaputwherein all stakeholders participated. Lateran interview schedule was designed todocument the gender issues from 50 landowing farmers and 50 women agriculturallabourers. It was encouraging to note thatfarmers continued line planting in the rabiseason also. Following technologicalintervention introduced by DRWA in thekharif reason.

Average land holding in the village was 2.41acres for farmers as against 1.24 acres forwomen agricultural labourers. Bothcategories of the respondents had more than20 years of experience in rice transplanting.The average distance of the farm locationfrom residence was 2.40 km for men farmersand average distance travelled by womenagricultural labourers from residence totransplanting work was 2.36 km. It wasobserved that the line planting took 20 percent more time as compared to randomplanting. Men were involved mostly incarrying seedling to the field (80.20%) andstretching rope for line planting (49%). Lineplanting also incurred higher expenditure as


compared to traditional random planting.Ergonomical parameters such as musculoskeletal discomfort (highest in midback andlowest in ankle), physiological stress (heartrate 88.7 to 103 beats/minute) and gripfatigue were within the acceptable range.Advantages of line planting outweighed thedisadvantages. The results indicated thatincentivizing line planting for further periodwould enhance the adoption of improvedtechnique, thereby resulting in higherproductivity and profitability of rice farmingand ensuring sustainable livelihood of ricefarm families. The advantages perceived byboth categories of respondents are given inFig 9.

Fig. 10. Women performing line plantingoperation of paddy crop in Giringaput village

Fig 9. Perceived advantages of farmers andwomen labourers on line planting of paddy

2.2.2 Enhancing gender participation inbiological pest control of rice

Role of women in plant protection at fieldlevel is insignificant as their involvement inchemical pest control is perceived as drudgeryprone activity. Since, women are mainlyinvolved in intercultural operations such asweeding, it was decided to promotepheromone trap as part of biological pestcontrol method in general and womenfriendly pest monitoring system in particular.Pheromone traps installed in rice fields canindicate the presence of adults and therebyprovide opportunity for taking upappropriate pest control strategies. A trainingon integrated pest management in rice wasorganised on 09.11.2012 at Giringaputvillage. About 20 farm women were giventraining and demonstration for effective useof pheromone trap in rice fields. Farm womenwere able to identify the stem borer and countthe number of trapped insects.

Fig. 11. Pheromone trap use in paddy for stemborer monitoring and control

2.2.3 Increasing access to nutrition by farmwomen through cropping systemmanagement

In Odisha, rice crop is taken up for durationof 3 to 5 months. Bunds constitute about 1/10th to 1/20th of the area occupied forcultivation. Pulses of 60 to 70 days durationcan be taken up on the bunds for additional


income. They can be easily cultivated on thebunds of rice fields. The canopy of black gramor green gram is small and does not affectthe paddy crops. Twenty farm familiesinvolved in rice cultivation were identified forthis intervention. Black gram seeds (T-9variety) were distributed to the identified farmfamilies, immediately after the completion oftransplanting for dibbling in the bunds andthe growth of the bund crops were monitored.A family of five on an average consumed 50kg of pulses. It was observed that about 3 kgof pulses could be obtained on an averagefrom bunds of one acre plot. Hence, there wasa gap of 90 per cent which was met throughpurchase from the market. There was a needfor redesigning cropping system models toproduce more protein sources in order toenhance the access of women and childrento good nutrition.

Fig. 12. Raising black gram as bund crop in bundsof rice fields

2.2.4 Access to extension services and credit

Women exhibited interest to take extensionmessages in group contact while menevinced enthusiasm in all the methods. Thismight be due to existing socio-culturalenvironment prevailing in the society.Evening time was found to be more suitablefor women to interact with developmentalagents. Women preferred home as better

place of contact whereas men wished to meetextension agents at farm. Interaction oncein fifteen days was found to be suitable forboth the gender to access the extensionservices. Gender differences were also foundin choosing male/female extension workers.Extensive responsibilities in the householdand heavy work load in field limit the womenin spending their time on own productiveassets which can otherwise ensureprosperity of them. Men and women workin different spheres of farm enterpriseleading to different levels of productivityand earnings. These are driven by deepseated gender differences in time use andownership and control of resources. Gendergaps disappear when access to productiveinputs were equalized. Structures of socialnetworks are different for both men andwomen.

2.2.5 Gender involvement in decision-making and implementation in agriculture

The head of the family, usually a maleperson, initiates the selection of farmenterprise, assortment of crops/enterprises, resource allocation,investment decision in farm, labourengagement and purchase of farm inputs.Although, both male and femaleparticipate in these activities andimplement the same, the decision makingstill rests with the men in majority of theactivities. However, women take lead inmaintenance of family finance, saving,purchase of family consumption items,cooking items for the day, health of familymembers and spending for elders in thefamily, reflecting stereotypical genderroles in the rural society. This analysiswould help in identification of activities forgender sensitization and opportunities forgender mainstreaming.


Table 3. Decision-making level of men and women in agriculture

M-Male; F-Female; B-Both male and female

2.2.6 Health status of rural women

The study was conducted to determine thenature and extent of health problems of ruralwomen. The data were collected fromrandomly selected 90 rural householdscomprising thirty households each from thethree hamlets of Giringaput village using astructured interview schedule. The identifiedhealth problems were classified.

The findings of the study indicated theprevalence of a number of health problemsamong rural women and need was felt fortheir education on health aspects. A sizeablenumber of them were found to have skindiseases, arthritis, headache, indigestion,constipation, body pain, conjunctivitis etc.

The Primary Health Centre (PHC) is locatedat Mendasal block which is 3 km away fromthe village. Majority of the respondents saidthe treatment given in government hospitalineffective and there were several otherconstraints in availing of the treatmentfacilities at PHC.

An awareness camp was organized with thehelp of Inner Wheel Club, Bhubaneswar tocelebrate the Word Breast Feeding week on10.08.2012. More than fifty women attendedthe meeting. A quiz competition wasorganized for them. Heath check up ofpregnant women and lactating mothers weredone by the doctors. A scientist-farmersinterface was organized on 24.09.2012 tocreate awareness for controlling wide-spread


incidence of deficiency diseases among ruralwomen concerted educational efforts werealso made to emphasize the need foradequate dietary intake, useful informationpertaining to the correct methods of foodpreparation, healthy life style, utilization ofavailable medical facilities, etc.

2.2.7 Gender Gap in Access to ExtensionServices

A total of 80 respondents (farm women - 40and men - 40) were selected from Gringaputvillage to study the gender gap in access toextension services. The study revealed thatthe most preferred type of contact for farmwomen was ‘group contact’ (2.80) followedby ‘afternoon’ as most suitable time of contact(2.47), ‘home’ as place of contact (2.53),Women Village Para Extension Worker asextension agent (2.20), ‘demonstration’ as

effective group method (2.20), ‘within block’as boundary of exposure visit (2.53), ‘withinone month’ as interval of contact (2.60), houseof president/secretary as ‘place of meeting’(2.40) and ‘group approach’ for undertakingenterprise (2.53) which emerged as importantparameters for planning and implementingextension programmes for the farm women.On the other hand, the most preferredextension needs identified by the men farmerswere: ‘group contact’ (2.50), ‘evening’ timecontact (2.60), ‘farm’ as place of contact(2.60), male extension agent (2.53), ‘tour’ aseffective group method (2.56), ‘within andoutside district’ as boundary of tour (2.60 &2.60), interval of contact as ‘one month’ (2.63),village common place for meeting (2.60) and‘individual approach’ for undertakingenterprise (2.53).

Table 4. Composite analysis of extension needs of gender (score)

The composite analysis of extension needsindicated that out of nine dimensions, therewas significant difference (more than 10%)between women and men in eight areas and

only in one case i.e. approach forundertaking enterprise, there was lessdifference (less than 10%).


Table 5. Intensity of contact of gender with extension functionaries

MOS- Max. Obtained score, SO- Score Obtained

The table 5 reveals that the gap betweenfarm women and men was nearly the samein case of extension contact with VillageAgriculture Worker / Lady VillageAgriculture Worker (36.66% & 35.66%) andalso NGO workers (53.33% & 52.33%). But

more gaps were of among farm women incontacting block officers (48%) followed byLI (42.33%) against minimum for men i.e.11% and 23.33% respectively. It wasevident clear that when gap is more, thecontact w less.

Table 6. Preference of gender on important areas of message (n=40)

It was observed that the preference of farmwomen in the areas of message were:mushroom cultivation (I), nutrition garden(II), care of domestic animals (III) and creditfacility (IV) in order of preference while theleast preference areas were preservation offruits and vegetables, income generatingactivities and home management. On theother hand, when the preference of men wasconsidered they ranked plant protectionmeasures, vegetable/fruit production, cropproduction and agriculture machineries asrank I, II, III and IV respectively. Otherfactors having lower importance were marketlink, weather information and credit &

subsidy. The study revealed that, theextension functionaries should take in toaccount the gender needs and preferences forbetter delivery of messages.

Fig. 13. Survey with farmers


Based on the findings of the study, it issuggested that:

(i) The change agents should be utmostcareful in analyzing the socio-culturalenvironment of gender to formulateaction plans for gender mainstreamingin agriculture extension.

(ii) The extension functionaries should takecare to deliver messages according tothe needs of the gender.

(iii) The Government should take steps tobridge the gaps between the farmwomen and contact with extensionfunctionaries for effective extensionservices.

(iv) Extension approaches should beconsidered as important parameters forplanning and implementing extensionprogrammes for the farm women.

2.2.8 Perception of Rural Youth towardsAgriculture

A study was conducted in Giringaput villageto understand the perception of youthtowards agriculture. The findings revealed

that rural youth aspired to enter intoagribusiness but lack in entrepreneurshiptraits like identifying opportunities,creativeness, hard work, communication skilletc. The selected sample youth had no ideaabout networking, resources, raw materialsand market analysis. It was found that therural youth need explosive and training inagribusiness in the areas of vegetablecultivation raising planting materials, seedproduction, floriculture, goat and poultryrearing and promotion of market demand,labor availability and credit facilities.

Fig. 14. Focussed group discussion with ruralyouth

2.3 Network project on Development of expert system for crop and animal enterprises

K. Ponnusamy

The expert systems were first developed inEnglish on five major crops such as paddy,sugarcane, banana under precision system,coconut and finger millet and three animalenterprises such as cattle & buffalo, sheep &goat and poultry. Later, they were translatedinto Tamil, Kannada and Malayalamlanguages for the benefit of farmers belongingto the respective states.

13 validation workshops/ training wereorganized at different places in Tamilnadu,

Kerala and Karnataka in three languagesTamil, Malayalam and Kannada.

2.3.1 Launching of Expert Systems

Expert systems on five crops and three animalenterprises were launched by Dr. S.Ayyappan, Secretary, DARE and DirectorGeneral, ICAR on 25.01.2013 at a functionorganised by Zonal Project Directorate (ZPD),Zone -8, at Bangalore. He said that farmerswant timely input, information andinfrastructure for profitable agriculture. He


opined that smart farming for smallfarmers is the need of the hour. Expertsystems can also reduce the gender dividein accessing the correct information infarming. Dr. K.D. Kokate, DeputyDirector General (AgriculturalExtension), ICAR while appreciating thework carried out under expert systemproject team has advised the team tofurther make it more user friendly. Dr.Narayana Gowda, Vice Chancellor, UAS,Bangalore emphasized that expertsystems can greatly supplement theefforts of extension personnel intechnology transfer.

2.3.2 Impacts and future scope of the expertsystem

Expert systems frame developed underthe network project need to be focused asnational model which can help to developnational frame work. Using this framework, expert system for other crops canbe developed and put into the off line aswell as online mode for instant agroadvisory services. The separate wing onExpert System Development Unit at SAUs/ICAR can be established for

development and updating of ExpertSystem for all crops in all Indianlanguages for further strengthening of theextension system. Moreover, this expertsystem is image based, so even illiteratefarmers can use this expert system fordiagnosing field problem. Futureagriculture will be based on virtualextension services which will play a majorrole in delivering virtual agro advisoryservices and facilitate instant fielddiagnosis of problems. The expert systemcan be given in all agri clinic centres,block level extension centres, f ieldextension functionaries, NGOs andprogressive farmers for instant agroadvisory services. Common service centreshave also been established in largernumber across the country. So expertsystem can also be given to all thecommon service centres for providinginstant agro advisory services to thestakeholders in agriculture.

Fig. 16. Dr. K. D. Kokate, DDG (Agrl. Extension)highlighting the imprtance of expert systems

Fig. 15. Release of expert systems byHon’ble Secretary, DARE and DG, ICAR

2.3.3 Organising Women in AgricultureDay

Women in Agriculture Day was organizedon 4 December 2012 at Giringaput village.


Fig.18. Participants of summer school

Fig. 17. Interaction with women while harvesting of line planting of paddy


Fig.19. Participants of WMT (Social)

2.4 Network Project on Gender Issues in Rice-based Production System and Refinementof Selected Technologies in Women Perspective

M.P.S.Arya, S.K.Srivastava and S.P. Singh

State wise data were compiled on socio-economic status like head of the family, houseownership, organizational membership,social distribution, family structure,occupation, literacy, land ownership andaccess and control over farm resources as alsoon technology assessment. Brief results are asunder.

2.4.1. Socio-economic status

Socio-economic conditions and role ofwomen in rice based production systems werestudied in five states viz., Odisha, MadhyaPradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala andUttarakhand. Data were collected from 1000respondents (men and women) of 500families belonging to five major rice growingdistricts/zones. Socio economic status of menand women studied in the five districts is asfollows-

Head of the family: Andhra Pradesh hadhighest (12.6) percentage of families headed

by women followed by Kerala (6.4%) andOdisha (3.8%). Women headed farm familiesfound in Madhya Pradesh and Uttarakhandwere only 3.4 and 2.4 per cent, respectively.

House ownership: Women had only 4.54percent household ownership access. Jointownership was 21.5 per cent; whereas menhad 73.96 per cent of house ownership. Keralarecorded highest (10.6%) women ownership;whereas Uttarakhand recorded the lowest(2.6%) ownership. Madhya Pradeshrecorded only 4 per cent house ownership.

Organizational membership: Womanorganizational membership (district/panchyat/block/ SHG levels ) was foundhighest (73%) in Andhra Pradesh. Whereasthat of men was highest (54.8%) in Kerala.Membership of both the man and womanwas highest in SHGs followed by block/panchyat levels.

Social distribution: Majority of respondentswere Hindu in all the states. General category


of respondents was highest (87.8%) inUttarakhand while OBC was highest (75%)in Madhya Pradesh and SC was highest(40.4%) in Odisha.

Family structure: All the households werehaving nuclear families in Kerala followed byOdisha (76.3%), Andhra Pradesh (76.0%),Madhya Pradesh (71.4%) and Uttarakhand(67.8%).

Occupation: Farming was found to be thehighest (76.8%) occupation of women inAndhra Pradesh whereas participation ofwoman as farm labour was the highest(51.4%) in Odisha. Only 1.5 per cent womenwere in service.

Literacy: Women literacy was 74.88 per cent.The education level of majority of farmwomen ranged between primary to highschool.

Land ownership: Ownership of land wasmostly with men. Women were havingownership but mainly of some of ponds(5.05%), rainfed land, pastures and orchards.The highest ownership was recorded inKerala.

Access and control over farm resources: Jointaccess over farm resources found to thehighest (62.35%) across all the States. Thiswas followed only man (30.51%) and onlywomen (7.144%). With regards to controlover farm resources, the highest was by men(51.83%) followed by jointly (42.99%). Only5.18 per cent women had control over farmresources.

2.4.2 Role and responsibilities of womenin rice production systems

Participation: Over all participation ofwomen was highest in rice crop (44.46%).The other important crops where women hadparticipated were finger millet, vegetable,lentil and wheat.

Need and priorities

Data were collected on the availability ofvarious household daily needs such asvegetables, pulses, oilseeds, fodder, spices andpseudo cereals. The results revealed that onan average 65.1% of the respondents ratedavailability of different house hold needs asin-sufficient. Importantly, however, 42 percent of the women in Madhya Pradesh, 61.2and 22.4 per cent of Andhra Pradesh and62.8 and 89.8 per cent women ofUttarakhand wished to purchase pulses andvegetables, respectively. For othercommodities both men and women across theStates wished to purchase from the market.

Varietal Preference

Nineteen varieties of rice were found popularamong the farmers in the five selecteddistrict of Madhya Pradesh. The farmersperception recorded on colour, taste,expansion on cooking, texture, marketabilityand yield characters revealed that localvarieties ((Madhuri, Manka) recorded thehighest preference (39.04%) both by menand women. This was followed by varietyLochai, MTU 1010 and IR 64. Among thewheat varieties Sujata was preferred bymajority of the man (53.5%) and woman(53.45) respondents. This was followed byWH-147 and local wheat varieties. Therewas however, no much difference in theopinion of man and woman about thepreference for varieties.

In Andhra Pradesh the fine grain varietiesBPT 5204, IR 64, Tellahmsa, BPT 3291 andNLR 33892 were liked by 82%, 50%, 42%,27% and 32% man and 90%, 55%, 24% ,71% and 33% woman mainly for theircharacters like expansion at the time ofcooking, colour, texture and taste. The onlyvariety scored poor ranking for its texturewas Tellahamsa. In Kerala, however, therewas no gender difference in the responsestowards any of the characters studied.


Action research was also undertaken aimingto evaluate different intercropping patternsto meet requirements of important foodingredient of daily needs such as pulses andoilseeds besides staple food crop of rice andmaize for which the household women aresocially responsible. The yield of cropsrecorded under different intercroppingcombinations revealed that combination ofmaize-sunflower-black gram recorded thehighest mean Rice-Equivalent (4279 kg/ha).The same combination also responded moreto lime application with 4662 kg/ha R.Eq.Results also revealed that maize basedcombinations recorded more R-Eq. (4324 kg/ha) than rice based (3953 kg/ha)combination.

In another intercropping trial the red gram -cow pea recorded the highest Maize-Equivalent (8077.53 kg/ha) and thus foundbetter than other combinations of maize - cowpea and red gram- maize. Out of red gram -cow pea combinations, their planting in 2:4row ratio was found to be better whichrecorded highest Maize-Equivalent (8633.86kg/ha).

In another set of experiment on canopymanagement, ‘V’ shape canopy designed bysequencing maize-rice-black gram-rice-maizelines was found to be highly remunerative(Rs 47120/ha). Growing maize and red gramin 2:2 row ratios was found promising inincreasing yields of these crops for familyneeds.

Fig. 20. Intercropping of Sunflower and Maize

2.5. Reducing the gender gap in the nutritional status of family members in ricebased cropping system (On-going)

Abha Singh and M.P.S.Arya

This project is continuing in four states Odisha,Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh andUttarakhand to assess the gender gap in thenutritional status of family members throughanthropometry and clinical examination of fourrice based cropping systems viz., state rice-rice(Odisha), rice-millet (Uttarakhand), rice-wheat(Uttar Pradesh) and rice-pulse (MadhyaPradesh). The study revealed that gender gap

in anthropometric measurements (Body MassIndex) and haemoglobin count was highest inrice-rice, less in rice-millet and negligible in rice-wheat cropping pattern and Blood Pressureand Diabetes problem was not prevalent in allthe studied rice based cropping systems. Toreduce the gender gap in nutritional status,interventions through action research arecontinuing in rice-rice cropping pattern as

Fig. 21. Intercropping of Maize + Rice + Redgram


Promotion of vegetable cultivation formineral/ iron supplementation in rice-rice cropping systemPromotion of cultivation of pulsesand QPM Maize for enrichingprotein in the diet

2.6 Refinement of storage pest management techniques in selected cereals, pulses,condiments and spices with gender perspective

S.K. Srivastava, Suman Agarwal andNaresh Babu

Based on the data collected from 10 centresviz; Himachal Pradesh, Maharastra,Karnataka, Haryana, Andhra Pradesh,Punjab, Rajasthan, Odisha, Assam andUtarakhand the process of refinement of pestmanagement techniques for cowpea, chili andcoriander was completed. Effect of easilyavailable additives viz; small cardamom, bigcardamom, garlic cloves @ 10, 20, 30 numbers/kg, salt, camphor (Cinnamomum camphora )@ 10,20,30 gm /kg, asafoetida (Ferulaasafoetida) @2,4,6 gm /kg, clove (Syzygiumaromaticum) @5,10,15 numbers /kg, sand @1200 gm/kg and neem oil @5ml/kg asstandard check were also tested for thestorage of cowpea in the earthenpots.Number of eggs of cowpea seed weevilCallosobruchus maculatus / 100 seeds, numberof bored grain, and germination per cent wasrecorded, for a period of 8 months. There wasincreased damage in cowpea from August,

by Cowpea seed weevil (Callosobruchusmaculatus) due to high humidity in theenvironment.

Minimum number of eggs of Callosobruchusmaculatus/100 seeds were recorded in sandfollowed by Big cardamom@ 10 number/kg,asafoetida @6 gm/kg and small cardamom@20number /kg. Minimum per cent boredgrain after 8 months was recorded in neem oil@5ml/kg followed by sand @ 1200 gm/kg andbig cardamom@ 10 number /kg. Maximumgermination percent was recorded in sand @1200 gm/kg and big cardamom@ 10 number/kg. In neem oil @5ml/kg inspite of thehighest number of eggs/100 seed, per centbored grain after 8 months was found lowest,due to juvenomimetic effects of neem oil. Inthe long run, after 8 month of storage, neemoil has shown an adverse effect on germinationand resulted in lowest germination percent,therefore storage of cow pea with neem oil isnot suitable for seed purpose.

Nutrition education programme onvarious aspects of nutrition forimprovement in the nutritionalknowledge of farm womenDemonstration on locally available lowcost nutritious recipes

Fig. 24. Nutrition Education tofarm women

Fig. 22. QPM Maize cultivation Fig. 23. Vegetable cultivation


Effect of easily available good additives andaccompaniments found in the kitchen athouse hold level viz; salt @ 12.5, 25.0 and37.5gm/kg, clove, garlic cloves, smallcardamom and big cardamom @ 5, 10 and15 numbers/kg, asafoetida and camphor @2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 gm/ kg, were also tested forthe storage of chili powder and coriander(Coriandrum sativum) powder in plastic jarsfor one year along with standard check(fortnight oven dry) and control. Resultsrevealed that salt absorbed up to 3.5 per centmoisture during August to October whichpromoted insect growth in the storedcoriander powder.However, asafoetida @5gm and7.5 gm, cloves, garlic cloves and bigcardamom @ 15 numbers/kg showedsignificantly lower infestation of insect pestsand were free from moisture. Camphorapplied @ 7.5 gm/kg coriander powderprotected insect incidence during storage.

In case of the storage of chili powder withsalt it was noticed that up to 4.6 per centmoisture was absorbed which was higherthan that absorbed in coriander powder.Therefore, chili powder was spoiled earlierthan coriander powder. Asafoetida @ 5.0 gmand 7.5 gm/kg was found equally effectiveand absorbed 3.16 and 3.18 percent moisture,respectively. Clove @ 10 numbers /kg showed2.3 percent moisture and less infestation of

insect. Garlic cloves @ 10 number/kgrecorded minimum 2.06 moisture percentage.With the use of above spices can be stored upto 7 month. Oven drying coriander powderand chili powder at 15 days interval wasfound to be the best option for safe storage. Itwas advised to avoid storage of spices in rainyseason because spices absorb atmospherichumidity resulting in increased moisturecontent with higher incidence of insect.

Fig. 25. Refinement in cow pea Fig. 27. Refinement in chili powder

Fig. 26. Refinement in coriander powder


2.7 Network Project on Assessment of gender issues identification and refinement ofselected women specific technologies in horticultural crops.

A. K. Shukla, Naresh Babu, Kundan Kishore

2.7.1 Participation of women in horticulturebased on the data analyzed in the project

Horticultural crops are different from fieldcrops in respect of their cultivation practices.Majority of fruits, vegetables, and ornamentaland plantation crops are not directly seeded.They are raised through seedling productionin nursery beds and thereafter planted in themain fields. Raising of seedlings requiresconstant attention and proper experienceabout the methods of nursery bed preparation,propagation, sowing depth, plant density andproper nurturing of emerging seedlings. Theseoperations are performed by women. Further,planting of seedlings in the field is done bywomen. The seed cleaning, preparation of seedand sowing in the field are done by womenirrespective of the crops. Their participationin these activities is more than 80 percent. Theinvolvement of women in land preparationactivities in nursery and field such as stubblecollection, land leveling, manure applicationand cleaning of field is observed and it is foundthat their participation is more than 60 percentin stubble collection, manure application.

In India, land holding are small and use oftransplanted for transplanting of vegetablesis almost negligible and it is mainly donemanually either by women vegetablecultivators themselves or by womenlabourers. The participation of women intransplanting of vegetables is more than 80percent. Fruit crops are planted at widerdistances in pits and the participation ofwomen in fruit planting is less than men butparticipation of women in frequent wateringand proper nurturing of the newly plantedseedlings is very high. Women workersperform this work very efficiently withutmost care. Among various intercultural

operations such as irrigation, weeding,thinning, crop watch, weeding is most crucialand cumbersome process and it requires moreman power than any other activity of cropcultivation. The weeding operation ispredominantly done by women and theirparticipation in these activities varies from 80to 95 percent in different fruits andvegetables. Lower participation (<50%) ofwomen was found in irrigation, pesticideapplication and crop watch. This researchwas carried out in the Giringaput village ofKhordha and Raikia Block of Kandhamaldistrict of Odisha.

Horticultural crops unlike other agriculturalcrops are harvested at frequent intervalsbased on their horticultural maturity. Womenworkers are exclusively involved inharvesting of the fruits, vegetables, flowersand spices. Harvesting of vegetables such aspea, chillies, okra, tomato, brinjal, potato,onion, spices is mainly done by womenworkers. After harvesting of produce, itscleaning, curing, grading and otheroperations are also performed by womenlabourers. The participation of women inharvesting and post harvest operation ismuch more than men. More than 60 percentof cutting, cleaning, grading, packing/bundlemaking etc. of horticultural crops areperformed by women. The women’sparticipation in transportation of crops fromfield to storage is high. Majority of cleaningand grading of vegetables and spices atfarmer’s level and at trader level is done bywomen. The participation of women incultivation of horticultural crops is influencedby several factors such as caste, region, socialfactors, social status of the family, and sizeof the land owned by the family.


2.7.2 Gender issues identified

Traditionally women are expected toperform a farm operation which involvemanual, repetitive tasks such as stubblecollection, transplanting, weeding,harvesting, grading, cleaning, etc.Through these activities do not requiremore physical strength but continuousbending/standing causes various types ofphysical strains such as back pain, handpain, cuts, bruises etc. Women suffermore from these strains because of theirhigher participation.

Women under take multiple tasks athome, farm and community. They havethe responsibility of preparation of foodand collection of fuel wood and fodder.A major part of the day is spent on theseactivities and they get little time for owndevelopment.

Women lack access to skills, trainings andinformation. Their participation intraining is low. Studies revealed that theparticipation and expertise of women inskill operations such as grafting, budding,training and pruning operations was verylow. The major reason of the lowparticipation is the lack of training onthese aspects.

Although most of the technologies aregender neutral they have differentialimpacts on men and women. Atechnology which can increase theincome of a farmer may reduce theincome source of women of landlessfamily.

Usually women are discriminated indesigning and testing technologies. Theequipments such as secateurs, pruners,tillers and sprayers are not designed tosuit women. The technologicalrequirements of the women are different

from men. The studies on women’sresponse to various weeding methodsrevealed that women preferred low costlocally available measures such as grassmulch and coconut mulch overweedicides and polyethylene mulch forthe control of weeds despite lower weedcontrol efficiency.

Women often get displaced fromtraditional employment opportunitieswhen new technology is introduced andman take over the task. The introductionof graders in onion, potato and citrus atvarious grading units are graduallyreplacing women.

Women are usually considered physicallyweak than men. They are not preferredfor so called hard tasks such as ploughing,leveling, pit digging etc. The activitiesperformed by the women are usuallyconsidered less important. So they usuallyget lesser wages than the men.

Less access to resources such as land,tools, market and credit-The access ofwomen farmer to tools and land wasalmost equal to men but the access ofwomen labour to these is very low. Thecontrol over the resources such asorchard, land, agricultural implementswas of men and women farmers.Farmer’s wife has limited control overthese. The access to market and creditwas less to both women farmer andwomen labourers.

Men are regarded as farmers and notwomen.

2.7.3 For the recognition of women’scontribution in agriculture and its alliedfields and reducing the gender issues, therecommendations are:

1. Recognition of labour work of workingwomen in the rural economy may beaccounted in monetary terms.


2. More facilities should be provided to poorrural women for land, agricultural andlivestock extension services.

3. Priority must be given to women inaccessing credit on soft terms from banksand other financial institutions for settingup their business, for buying properties,and for house building.

4. Measures should be taken to enhancewomen’s literacy rates. A separateeducation policy for women may servethe purpose.

5. Women must be involved in decision-making bodies that have the potential tointroduce structural changes. This actionwill bring some changes in the genderrelations in the society.

6. Women must be aware of their existingrights.

2.7.4 Action Research

Low-cost nutritive guava-lemon-ginger squash:

Guava is the 6th most important fruit-cropof India, which is cultivated in subtropicaland tropical climates. In spite of its highnutritive value in terms of vitamin C andantioxidants, market value of the fruitexperiences seasonal variations; the rainy-season crop is sold at a very low price andthe winter crop at comparatively higher price.Considering substantial post-harvest losses ofthe rainy season guava, lemon and gingerblended guava squash was prepared toenhance economic value of the crop.Moreover, guava is an important crop of thesmall farmers; and hence the processedproduct will generate income for them.Guava-lemon-ginger squash was preparedwith 22.5% guava juice, 5.0% lemon juice and1.5% ginger juice. With the addition of 200ppm potassium metabisulphite, the productcan be kept for 80-90 days in refrigeration (4

°C). The TSS, acidity, pH and total sugar ofthe product were 43.5 °Brix, 1.32%, 3.4 and41.5%. Squash is rich in vitamin C content(212-235 mg/100g) and antioxidants. Theproduct has very pronounced sensorialattributes in terms of appearance, flavour,sweetness and overall quality. It is cost-effective (B: C ratio 2.2:1) also, as preparationcost of one litre of squash was Rs. 62 andselling price was Rs. 135. Farmwomen wereimparted hands-on training on squash-making to improve their entrepreneurialcapability.

2.7.5 Protected Cultivation

Under the hot- and – humid tropicalconditions of Odisha, vegetables cultivationis affected in summers and in monsoonseasons. Considering the potential ofvegetables in the state, protected cultivationof highvalue vegetables has been promotedamong the farmwomen to add their sourceof income. Horticulture can be economicallyviable for the poor farmers also if protectedcultivation is made an integral part of theirfarming system. Considering potential ofvegetables, technologies have also beenstandardized for protected cultivation of off-season tomato and cucumber, which give Rs.250- 400 /m2 annually. The farmwomen arebeing trained to upgrade their skills so that

Fig. 28. Guava-ginger-lemon squash


they can earn more returns from per unit areaof polyhouse/ net- house. Furthermore, lowcost polyhouses give an option to ruralwomen to enhance their entrepreneurialability.

2.7.6 Capacity building programme on valueaddition and processing

Training on Capacity Building of Farm Womenon Processing and Value Addition ofHorticultural crops

A four day Training on Capacity Building ofFarm Women on Processing and ValueAddition of Horticultural Crops wasorganized on 9-12 July, 2012 under theNetwork Project at DRWA with an aim toenhance the capacity of farm women inpreparing processed products to generateincome and minimize the post harvest loss offruits and vegetables. Twenty farm womenfrom Khurda district of Odisha participatedin the training programme. They were alsoimparted knowledge on the importance ofvalue addition and processing in horticulturalcrops and also about the potential ofprocessing at small scale in widening theirsource of income. They were impartedhands-on training on pickle making, jellymaking, squash and sauce making.Participants were advised to maintainproper sanitation while preparing theproduct and follow standard procedure of

preparation. Farmwomen expressed theirwillingness to take up home-levelpreparation of pickle and squash forsubsidiary income. The programme wascoordinated by Dr. Kundan Kishore, Dr. AK Shukla, Dr. Naresh babu and Dr. AbhaSingh

2.7.7 Field Day on Protected Cultivation ofvegetables crops

Field Day on Protected Cultivation ofvegetable crops was organized forfarmwomen on the occasion of InternationalWomen’s Day on March 8, 2013 todemonstrate protected cultivationtechnologies for off season cultivation of highvalue crops like cucumber and tomato toenhance income of farmwomen. Theprogramme was inaugurated by Dr. KrishnaSrinath, former Director, DRWA and sheemphasized the role of horticulture inentrepreneurship development and livelihoodsecurity. Dr. M P S Arya, Director, DRWAemphasized on the focus areas of theDirectorate to improve the economicconditions of rural women throughtechnological interventions. The field day wasattended by more than 50 farmwomen andthe programme was coordinated by Dr. AK Shukla, Dr. Naresh Babu and Dr. KundanKishore.

Fig. 29. Training on Capacity Building of Farm Womenon Processing and Value Addition of Horticultural crops

Fig. 30. Field Day on Protected Cultivation ofvegetable crops


2.8 Refinement and development of Horticulture based cropping models for gendermainstreaming

Naresh Babu Kundan Kishore and A.K. Shukla

2.8.1. Effect of mulching on moistureconservation, yield and quality in mango

An experiment was carried out various typeof locally available mulching viz cowpeabiomass, mango leaf, cashew leaf, dry grass,glyrecedia leaf, paddy straw, banana trashalong with black polythene were appliedfor soil moisture content, yield and qualityin five years old mango (cv Mallika andAmrapali ) orchard. One treatment was keptas a control. Results revealed that blackpolythene mulching responded higher mois-ture content (33.36 and 34.91%) in the soil(at the depth of 10 cm) near feeding root zoneas compared to other treatments in both va-rieties of mango. Mulching with cashew nutleaf was next higher treatment and recorded28.51 and 33. 73% moisture content. Maxi-mum yield (24.45 and 28.38 kg/ plant) was

recorded under black polythene mulchingwhich was significantly higher than drygrasses mulching (16.45 and 17.20 kg perplant). Lowest fruit yield were recordedunder control (10.25 and 13.68 kg / plant)in both varieties. TSS (23.50 and 20.10), andtotal sugar (16.55 and 15.90) were higher inboth varieties in black polythene mulching.Acidity (0.34 and 0.36) was minimum re-corded under black polythene mulching. Ithas been observed that paddy straw wasdamaged by termite after 14 days of mulch-ing followed by banana trash (after 20 daysof mulching) .

2.8.2. Intercropping in mango

Four ground story crops viz cowpea,radish, okra, and French bean wereevaluated in mango based cropping model

to address the yield needsfor farm family. Maximumnet return Rs 28350/ha withB: C ratio of 2.40 wasobtained in mango+ cowpeaintercropping. Howeverhigher yield (64.25t/ha)were recorded by Radishvar. Pusa Chetki. Seedtreatment with Rhizobiumculture @ 20g/kg seed ofcowpea and French beanwas enhanced 16 and 12 %respectively more yield(green pods) as compared tocontrol. Intercropping withcowpea drastically reducedweed growth withcorresponding higher yieldin mango var. Amrapali.

Fig. 31. Mulching in Mango


2.9 In vitro multiplication of pointed gourd and pineapple for income enhancementof farm women

Kundan Kishore and A.K. Shukla

Pointed-gourd is one of the potentialvegetables of Odisha. However, availabilityof quality planting material is a majorlimitation. To make quality planting materialsavailable to rural women and their incomeenhancement through increase in production,in vitro propagation technique wasoptimized.The best initial micro-shootresponse was observed with basal nodalsegment on the MS medium containingkinetin 8.0 mg/litre. And the sub-culturingmedium with 4.0 mg/litre producedmaximum regenerated shoots with goodshoot growth. In-vitro rooting wasoptimized with 0.4 NAA mg/litre; whichgave highest root initiation percentage andalso number of roots. However, in-vitro roots

were also produced without NAA.Interestingly, shoot initiation and days toshoot initiation showed temporal variations.Maximum percentage of shoot initiation andminimum days for shoot initiation wererecorded during March-April. Optimizationof in-vitro plantlets development can be a toolfor propagation of quality planting materials.

Fig. 34. Invitro plantlets of pointed gourd

2.8.3. Steonic effect in mango

Certain rootstock and scions areincompatible; therefore, the graft unionbetween these two will not normally takeplace. Maximum incompatibility (effect ofscion and rootstock) were observed in

Gulabkhas (90%) followed by Mallika (84%)at the age of five years in mango. Role ofwomen is very important in identificationof proper rootstock and scion for productionof quality planting materials for healthy andproductive orchard.

Fig. 32. Intercropping in mango

Fig. 33. Steonic effect in mango


2.8.1 Resource efficient horticulture modelinitiated

The development of horticulture model hasbeen considered as the need of the hour toenhance income of farm women throughtechnological interventions, efficient resourcemanagement, crop and enterprisediversification which will have the potentialof replicability. Moreover, the model isexpected to address the issue of nutritionalsecurity. The model has been conceptualizedconsidering the resources of small andmarginal farmers wherein apart frommeeting their daily requirement of vegetablesand fruits, substantial amount of incomecould be generated through different cropsand enterprises. Farm women are beinginvolved right from the planning stage toupgrade their skill and to adopt feasibletechnologies.

2.8.2 Skill upgradation programme onHorticulture

A training programme on skill upgradationwas organized for farm women on Dec. 21,2012 with an aim to upgrade their existingskills in horticulture and enhance theirincome generating potential to secure theirlivelihood. Trainees were impartedknowledge on banana, papaya and guavaproduction technology. Trainees were alsoexposed to low cost protected cultivationtechnology of vegetables to minimize the riskof crop failure during summer and rainyseason. Twenty farmers including women ofKhurda district attended the trainingprogramme. Farmers’perceptions were alsotaken regarding their skill and requirementof technology. The programme wascoordinated by Dr. Kundan Kishore, Dr. AK Shukla and Dr. Naresh babu.

Fig. 35. Development of horticulture model Fig. 36. Training programme on skill upgradation

2.10. Network Project on Enhancing livelihood of rural women through livestockproduction

Anil Kumar, Abha Singh, Tanuja, S.

Data for studying the scio-economicconditions and gender roles in livestockproduction were collected from five states ofIndia covering 7 districts and 1522 by usingproportionate random sampling method.

Data were collected from the respondentsusing a well structured interview scheduleprepared for this purpose comprising socioeconomic profile of household, herd structure,major crops grown, interest and awarenessabout extension programs, constraint inadoption of improved technologies, access


and control on resources, role in livestockrearing practices, decision making pattern,perception and adoption of improvedtechnologies, problems faced in adoption ofimproved technologies, etc. and it was pre-tested before administering to the actualrespondents.

2.10.1 Contact to Extension worker

Extension workers are important agents ofchange in rural areas. The frequency ofcontact of the extension agents helps increating awareness about the improvedpackage of practices and scientific rearing ofanimals for higher productivity. They alsomake the rural people about the differentprogrammes and policies initiated by thegovernment for the beneficiaries. The studyrevealed that NGO personnel frequentlyvisited in UP (91.9%), Odisha (54.6%) andTamil Nadu (16.7%). In Odisha VeterinaryAssistant Surgeon (72.1%) and Village LevelExtension Worker (66.4%) were the mainextension agents, whereas in TN, University/Institute/ KVK Personnel were the mainextension agents (85.6%).

Reasons for not availing the extensionservices: Non availability of timely serviceswas reported to be the reason for not availingthe extension services in Tamil Nadu (70.8%),Odisha (67.9%) and UP (12.2%). Other reasonfor not availing the extension services wereshortage of time, extension personnel notbeing women etc. The venue of the meetingwas another important reason for not availingthe extension services.

Communication profile of respondents:Friends, relatives and neighbours were themain source (>90%) of information at all theplaces. Profile of the sampled households wasstudied through frequency of utilization ofinterpersonal, mass media and othercommunication methods for receiving the

diary related information. Goshti was anothersource of information in- Odisha (75.19%),U.P. (53.06%) and Tamil Nadu (34.21%). InOdisha, other sources were NGO personnel(66.03%), Village Pradhan (63.35%),Television (58.39%), Institute/ University(41.98%), Farm literature (40.83%), Exposurevisit (37.78%), Posters (35.11%).

2.10.2 Awareness of women for variousdairy farming practices

Breeding practices: Majority of respondents(93.1%) were aware of the need of properdisposal of placenta in Odisha. Most of therespondents (91.2%) aware of the importanceof taking care of animals at the time ofparturition. Similarly, proper feeding ofadvanced pregnant animals were known tomost of the farm women in Odisha ( 77.9%)and Tamil Nadu (78.9%). Other breedingpractices were also known to the farmwomen who practiced them with theiranimals.

Feeding practices: The need for green fodderfor economic animal production were knownto most of the farmers, however, theavailability of quality seeds and plantingmaterial of green fodder was a matter ofconcern. Balanced feeding of animals was notpracticed. The knowledge of enrichment oflow grade roughage was not known to thefarmers.

Health practices: With regard to healthpractices, 87.5% of respondents were awareof timely treatment of sick animals in TamilNadu and 51.90% in Odisha. Regularvaccination of animals against contagiousdiseases was practiced in Tamil Nadu (81.1%)followed by U.P (76.7%) and Odisha (51.5%).Respondents were aware of isolation andcare of sick animals in Tamil Nadu (73.6%),and in Odisha (59.9%). Respondents in TamilNadu were more aware about the need for


taking proper health care of animals ascompared to Odisha.

Management practices: In Odisha theknowledge and practice of differentmanagement practices of livestock rearingvaried. Disposal of excreta and cleaning ofshed was practiced by most of the farmers(92%) and 77% of the respondents washedthe udder and hand before milking cows.About half (55%) practiced feedingcolostrums to newly born calves and full handmilking was practiced by 44%. Use of stylizedscalpel for cutting naval cord was rarely used,weaning was done by 28.6% of therespondents and use of calf starter wasnonexistent.

2.10.3 Technological interventions and theirimpact

Appropriate interventions were selected andrefined based on their socio-economic profileof household, herd structure, major cropsgrown, interest and awareness aboutextension programs, access and control onresources, role in dairy husbandry practices,decision making pattern, perception andadoption of improved technologies, problemsfaced in adoption of improved technologies,etc and other technological constraintsrevealed by the respondents. The study alsotried to link between the gender and socioeconomic factors in livestock keeping andlivelihood security and used this informationas a basis for identifying the interventions andstrategies for enhancing the income &employment. Successful implementations ofthese interventions were not onlymotivational but also helped in increase inknowledge skills and attitudinal changeamong the clients in a sustainable way.

At DRWA, women livestock keepers wereimitated in cultivation of green fodder (hybridnapier) along boundary of their backyardgarden and along the drainage channels

which provided green fodder to their milkinganimals. Similarly, introduction of backyardpoultry among the women helped improvetheir income and the household nutrition asall the eggs produced was consumed in thehousehold. It was observed that the womenpreferred 20 days old chicks because of themortality of day old chicks. In Jaypur villagewhere, backyard poultry were distributedthrough the SHGs, they were willing to payback the cost of the chicks. But the majorconstraint was the regular availability ofchicks and the training needs for scientificrearing practices. Organization of healthcamps helped inculcate the importance ofproviding timely vaccination and dewormingfor improved production of the animals.

At IVRI, various technologica interventionswere introduced for capacity building ofwomen livestock keepers. The interventionsincluded feeding area specific mineralmixture, urea molasses mineral lick block,conservation of fodder in silage pit for leanseason, distribution of crystoscope for timelyinsemination, animal health camps for timelyvaccination against contagious diseases,deworming of animals and dealing theproblem of infertility in dairy animals,popularization of vrindavani breed (crossbred cattle developed at IVRI) throughdistribution of semen straws to paravets,distribution of revolving stool for milking (adrudgery reduction tool) to rural women, facemask for reducing the occupational healthhazards. Seven goat demonstration units, fourpig units and 33 backyard poultry units wereestablished in villages for improving theirlivelihood. Two animal health and infertilitycamps were also organized at village levelwhere in more than 350 animals werevaccinated against contagious diseases andtreated for the problem of infertility, repeatbreeding, etc. About 1000 doses of germplasm of Vrindavani were distributed among


the paravets to popularize the high yieldingbreed in their work areas. One hundred kgof mineral mixture and one hundred ureamolasses mineral lick blocks were distributedamong rural women.

At Namakkal, women livestock keepers weretrained on preparation of low cost concentratefeed by using locally available feed ingredients.In sheep and goats, the importance ofconcentrate feeding during flushing andbreeding of adults and for kids from two tofour months to attain maximum weight gainand was stressed. Method demonstration onazolla cultivation, milking machine, chaffcutter, full hand milking, deworming, teatdipping, disinfection of navel cord and milkproducts preparation was conducted to impartskill on these aspects. Method demonstrationon silage making were conducted to make greenfodder availability throughout the year. Tomotivate the farmers to grow high yieldingfodder crops and tree fodders, inputs such asCo4 fodder slips, Agathi, Glyricidia, Subabultree saplings and desmanthus, CoFS 29, agathi,guinea grass, seeds were distributed to all thebeneficiaries. To encourage the feeding ofmineral supplements, mineral mixture for dairyanimals and mineral blocks for sheep and goatsand calves were distributed to the beneficiaries.

In Akola, action research mainly focused onbackyard poultry where 90 units of 8+2 (F+M)Giriraja or Vanraja, 5 months old poultry birdswere distributed for egg production, to familieseither having some poultry birds or havingexperienced in backyard poultry. The unitswere preferably distributed to the widows,divorces, orphan and lonely woman from theselected participants at all villages as a sourceof supplementary income to earn theirlivelihood. This intervention receivedtremendous response. The feedback was takenfrom the beneficiaries to assess the impact ofthese interventions. It was revealed that averagemonthly income was increased by Rs. 1043/-

per family. This is quite attractive. However,the units should be of atleast 25 birds with 2-3roosters to draw considerable income and forself employment enterprise as a refinementotherwise maintaining merely 10 birds by oneperson would be uneconomical considering thecost of labour. The average 2.48 birds wereeither consumed or killed by predators costingaverage 462/- per family. The average numberof live chicken sold was 1.28 and Rs. 386/- perbird was realized considering the cost Rs. 300/- per bird. The average numbers of eggs layedper month were 143 per family costing Rs. 663/- out of which average 93 eggs sold @ Rs. 7/-per egg and realized Rs. 651/- per family. Theeggs consumed per family were 50 eggs whichprovided nutritional security to the family.Many families have taken hatches and havingabout 25-30 birds with them. The roostersweighing about 2.5 Kg within 6 months fetchesthe price Rs. 500-600/- per bird and femalesweighing about 2 Kg sold at the price of Rs.300-400/-.It was successful intervention fromthe point providing nutritional as well aseconomic security. The women SHG is comingforward to form women cooperative poultryfarm with the help of Government schemes. Theimpact analysis studies with refinement needto be undertaken to arrive at tangibleconclusion.

Fig. 37. Women milking cow


Fig. 38. Livestock management by women Fig. 39. Goat rearing by women

2.11 Assessment of women’s role in traditional livestock dependant societies: Kangayamgrasslands

Anil Kumar, K. Ponnusamy and Tanuja, S.

The Kangayam region, being located in therain-shadow region of south India, is adrought-prone area where pasture grass is themain crop and livestock rearing a majoroccupation of the farmers. Almost every fieldin the Kangayam region has a live hedge ofBalsamodendron berryi which helps secure theanimals grazing inside the field. This frees thefarmers from having to tend the animalsthroughout the day, and the farmers use theirtime productively in other vocations. Theinnovation lies in recognizing the use of the B.berryi plants as live fences. Maintenance of thelive fences entails a collective responsibility inkeeping away the goats, which has beenachieved by a decision by the panchayats(democratically elected body at village level)in the past in restricting the population of goatsand imposing a heavy penalty on those whoinfringed the rule. Over a period of onehundred and fifty years, the grasslands haveevolved into an excellent productive system,which has sustained the livelihood of farmersand has helped cope with the frequentdroughts that the area faces.

The present study focuses on gender basedroles and activities in sustainable

management of the Kangayam grasslands,the livestock production, processing andmarketing. The project aims elucidate genderrelations in control over income and genderspecific needs in livestock activities to makethe grassland more productive withoutaffecting its sustainability. The backgroundliterature on the historical development of theKangaram grassland were collected. TheKangayam grassland are located in thedistricts of Erode, Karur, Tirupur andCoimbatore. A field survey was undertakenin December 2012 and the village A.K. Pudurin the Vellakoil block was surveyed withrespect to ownership of land and livestockand their management.

Fig. 40. Women working in the Kangayam grassland


2.12 Network on Capacity building of coastal fisherwomen through post harvesttechnologies of fisheries

Abha Singh, Anil Kumar and Tanuja, S.

Under this project survey on socioeconomicconditions, women’s role and gender issues,in fisheries post harvest technologies wasconducted in Odisha, Andhra Pradesh,Kerala, Tamilnadu and Maharastra. Lowcost fish drying rack was developed at eachnetwork centers. Manual for fisherwomen onHygienic handling and production of dry fishwas developed in five languages (At eachnetwork centers). Training cumdemonstration programmes for fisherwomenon hygienic handling and production of dryfish and its marketing were conducted ateach network centers. Five Model FishDrying Units for hygienic production of dryfish were constructed which included twounits in Odisha and one unit each in Kerala,Tamilnadu and Maharastra with the financialsupport of NFDB.

2.12.1 Socio-economic condition, women’srole and gender issues, in fisheries postharvest technologies

Age, caste, education and experience

Majority of the fisherwomen involved in dryfish production and trade were middle-aged(25-50 years) illiterate and belonged to OBCcategory. They had more than 10 years (10-25 years) of experience in dry fish productionand handling with high social participationthrough SHGs and better decision makingpower in family and in their trade.

Status of the trade

In earlier days, the fisherwomen wereexploited by non-institutional sources ofcredit. The common sources of non-institutional credit were large traders,moneylenders and wholesalers. For a longperiod of time the fisherwomen had limited

access to institutional credit sources. Theintroduction of Self-Help Group movementpaved the way for their access to institutionalcredit sources. This micro credit programmeconsiderably increased the marketing marginin the dry fish trade. Improvement incapacity building, infrastructure facility, andmarketing channel and credit facilities areneeded for better livelihood of fisher families.

Fish variety

Most of the fisherwomen involved inconsumers of dry fish trade concentrate onlow and medium valued fishes. Thesevarieties were targeted from the local andadjacent area. Anchovis, Lamba lanji, borei,khainga, Hilsa, Bekti, Morua, Kantia, ribbonfish, kokli were the major fish species for dryfish production in Odisha.

Level of Dependency

Most of the fisherwomen involved in dry fishproduction were dependent on the men oftheir family in dry fish trade. They had theirown decision making power in only few areaof their business.

Institutional Support

Only few fisherwomen had training fromGovernment institutions and NGOs fortechnical aspects. The training programmeswere mainly on value added fishery products.They did not attend any training forimproving the dry fish production process,packaging, storage and quality of theproduct.

Marketing

Fisherwomen sold their products in adjacentvillages and town markets. They were notpermitted to travel in Public buses to carry


their products to the markets due to foul smellof dry fish. In a few villages fisherwomencollectively arranged for trucks to reach themarkets at a distance. Very little quantity ofdry fish was sold in markets of distant places.Transportation of the dry fish was found tobe the most important problem for them.Marketing channel at most of the places wasnot well defined and there were alsofluctuations in the rate of same variety of dryfish at different places.

Time involvement of fisherwomen in dryfish production process

Majority of the fisherwomen spent 225-250days (7.5-8 months) in dry fish productionprocess. They go for the fish that wereavailable in the season. In the lean period theywork as labourer in prawn peeling factory,net weaving or in the agriculture fields tosustain their livelihood.

Participation profile in dry fish productionand marketing

More than 50 per cent women in Puri andGanjam districts were involved in fishcollection/procurement from the sea coastbut in other districts this work was mainlydone by men. Grading, salting and dryingwas mainly done by fisher women in all thedistricts. Packaging and marketing was doneby both men and women.

The participation profile of fisherwomenfamilies revealed that women need theircounterpart support in the dry fishproduction process. Very few fisherwomenindependently manage whole productionprocess as well as marketing. Majority offisherwomen receive support from men forraw material procurement and marketingrelated functions. Except fishing and to someextent marketing other activities in dry fishproduction process such as sorting, cleaning,salting/curing, drying, packing and storageand marketing were done by women only.

Views of women on their needs in dry fishproduction

Fisherwomen expressed that social supportwas the most important need for dry fishproduction followed by support from theircounter part and financial and technicalsupport from Government.

Training needs

Majority of the fisherwomen preferred toattend training on value addition andimproved of methods for production of highvalue dry fish. Most of the fisherwomen werenot aware about the improved practicesregarding site management, packaging,quality assessment, etc.

Access to resources

As regards to access to resources, 82.50 percent of women had access to market both forprocurement of fish from the market and seacoast. When credit was considered, 32.67 percent of men had access to institutional as wellas non institutional credit. However, 27.50per cent of male and female both had accessto institutional credit and 37.5 per cent ofmales and females had access to noninstitutional credit.

Production process of dry fish

Mainly low to medium valued fishes wereused for fish drying. Except addition of saltno preservatives or additives were added toimprove the quality of the dry fish. Adoptinghygienic and standard procedures were notin place for dry fish production. In majorityof the area the dry fish production processinvolved was

Fish collection from the sea———Sorting———Salting / Curing———— Sun Drying————Storage——————Marketing.

In dry fish production process commoninfrastructure facilities, cleanliness, drying


platform and proper water supply for dry fishproduction lacked in the villages.

Constraints

Non-availability of good quality rawmaterials, lack of alternative drying methodsduring rainy season, lack of properinfrastructure facilities for drying, lack ofopen and clean space, contamination withsand, microbes, attack of insects, birds, andanimals, non- availability of proper storagefacilities, less credit facilities, middle meninterference and transportation duringmarketing were the major constraints in dryfish trade as perceived by fisher families.

2.12.2 Identification and refinement ofselected post harvest technologies

Dry fish production is an age old livelihoodof major coastal fisher women in India. Inthis process surplus fishes and prawns aresun dried for preserving the same for lateruse. As the process is mostly undertaken inunscientific way in unhygienic condition,post harvest losses, poor quality product, andlow price realization are noticed. In view ofnon availability of adequate space, portablewater and above all lack of awareness onquality product, in majority cases fishes areneither gutted nor cleaned properly. In mostof the cases they are dried on sand or anyavailable open space available near to theirhabitat. In case of salted fish, salting of thefish is done by using poor quality salt withhigh load of halophilic bacteria and otherchemical contaminants. The salting methodused is not standardized. Among the fishesSardine, Anchovies, Mackerel, Ribbon fish,Perches and small size prawns are commonlyused for drying.

Hygienic production process andpackaging of dry fish technology wasselected for post harvest handling of fish.A protocol for hygienic production process

of dry fish was developed by CIFT, Cochinand through Trainer’s training Workshopall PIs and CoPIs were trained on sameprotocol on 18-19 January, 2010 at CIFTCochin. Three fishes 1. Lesser sardine(Sardinella sirm and Sardinella sirm), 2.Anchovy (Stolephorus indicus), and 3.Prwan (Metapenaeus dobsonii) wereselected at DRWA, Bhubaneswar forhygienic fish drying. Drying process wasstandardized by calculating moisturecontent and weight of the final product ofthese species of fishes.

2.12.2.1 Training and Demonstration

1. A two day training programme on“Hygienic handling and production of dryfish” was conducted on 3-4th February 2012at Penthakota, Puri, Odisha.

Fig. 41. Training cum demonstration on qualityproduction of dry fish

Fig. 42. Raised drying rack


Fig. 43-44. Training and demonstration on value added products of marine fish

2.12.2.2 Drying rack at DRWA

A fish drying rack was constructed by usingPVC pipe, connector and net. The frameconsists of length 7' 9", height 5' 7.5" andwidth 3' 6" which holds four removabledrying beds of 3' 6" x 3' 6". Height fromground to first rack is 3' 5.5" and the gapbetween two racks is 2' 2".

2.12.2.3 Training manual

Training manual on hygienic handling andproduction of dry fish for fisherwomen wasdeveloped in Oriya, Tamil, Marathi andMalayalam language for fisherwomen.

2.12.2.4 Model Fish Drying Units

Five Model Fish Drying Units for hygienicproduction of dry fish were constructed twoin Odisha and one each in Kerala,Tamilnadu, and Maharastra with thefinancial support of NFDB

Fig. 45. Training manual on Hygienic handlingand production of dry fish

2.12.3 Inauguration of Model Fish DryingUnit at Penthakota, Puri

Model Fish Drying Unit was created byDRWA under the Network project with thefinancial support of National FisheryDevelopment Board inaugurated on07.12.2012 at Penthakota, Puri, Odisha.Dr.(Mrs.) Krishna Srinath, Director, DRWAinaugurated and handed over the created

Fig. 46. Model Fish Drying Units


unit to Shanti Marine Fisherwomen Societyin the presence of Shri P. Krishna Mohan,Director Fisheries, Odisha Government.,

2.13 Development of gender friendly hand cum power driven three/ four row ricetransplanter

S.P. Singh and Jyoti Nayak

The project has been taken with the objectiveto develop and evaluate hand cum powerdriven three/four row rice-transplanter usingergonomic considerations for farm women.During the 1st year, the achievements aregiven below,

2.13.1 Farm women’s feedback in usingmanual two and four row rice transplanter

Farm women of Siula village of Puri districthad used manual two/ four row ricetransplanters for two to three times in smallarea and the equipments were not found tobe available for operation by them. Farmwomen reported more pressure during itsoperation in puddle field resulted inincreasing the total weight of machine. Inaddition to this, method of field preparation,

officials of State fisheries department andscientists of DRWA for hygienic productionof dry fish in group approach.

duration and raising of seedlings were otherparameters responsible for non-operation ofthe equipment. Two villages were also visitedin Cuttack and Dhenkanal districts. Self-propelled rice transplanters were in use butmanual operated rice transplanters were notin use.

2.13.2 Component-wise study of manualtwo and four row rice transplanter

Based on the component-wise study onmanually operated CRRI & VST four row andCRRI two row rice transplanters (Table 1),three/four-row rice transplanter can be betteroptions for powering one of the operations. A0.5 hp two stroke petrol engine can be used aspower source for providing power to pluckingassembly of rice transplanter. Thus, new ricetransplanter will have additional weight forwhich lugged wheels can be provided tosupport the machine.

Fig. 47 - 48. Inauguration of Model Fish Drying Unit, Penthakota


Table 7. Specifications of CRRI and VST manual four row rice transplanter


2.13.3 Experimental setup for measurementof force in picking the rice seedling

An experimental unit was developed formeasurement of force in picking the riceseedling from seedling tray (Fig 46-47). Theexperimental setup was developed to avoid

hand force while measuring the actual forcerequired in picking the seedling. Initial resultsshowed the force requirement in pluckingseedlings was about 4.9 N. Without load, forcerequired in moving the seedling tray was inrange of 34 to 44 N.

Fig. 49-50. An Experimental setup to measure force in picking the seedlings from mat

2.13.4 Conceptual drawing of powertransmission system of the equipment

The planting strokes per min can be kept upto 60. Walking speed of machine may be 0.6

to 1 km/h. Based on the values conceptualsketch was shown below in Fig 48. The sideview of proposed mechanism to power isshown in Fig. 49.

Fig. 51. Conceptual sketch of powertransmission system for machine to be developed.

Fig. 52. Side View of a Mechanism forPlucking Arm & Finger for Powering


2.13.5 Development of riding and sittingtype pedaling system in DRWA maizedehusker-sheller

DRWA hand operated gender friendlymaize dehusker-sheller can also be operatedwith 1/2 hp single phase electric motor. Toincrease the versatility an attempt is beingmade to operate the machine with pedalsystem. Pedalling mode for operating maizedehsuker-sheller was developed for ridingand sitting type (Fig 3). The specifications

of both pedalling systems are given in Table2. Initial results showed the forcerequirement in moving the pedal at topposition from lowest seating height of 490mm was 38.6N including weight of footwhile maximum force by a farm woman was89.4 N. It was 41.1 N at front (far reachposition of pedal) while maximum force bya farm woman was 100.7N. Women subjectwere more comfortable in pedalling whilesitting than riding.

Fig. 53-54. Riding and sitting type pedalling system in DRWA maize dehusker-sheller

Table 8. Brief specifications of Riding and sitting type pedalling system in DRWA MaizeDehusker-sheller

a. Riding type pedalling system:Height of seat from ground : 840 mmDistance from machine : 500 mmHeight of pedal mechanism from ground : 270 mm

b. Specifications of Sitting type pedalling system:Size of rectangular frame : 1160 mm in length x 650 mm in widthSize of adjuster (rectangular frame) : 330 mm in length x 630 mm in widthHeight of pedal mechanism from ground : 260 mmPedal crank length : 190 mmHeight adjustment in Chair without arm : 400-650 mmHole of 8 mm at 40 mm spacing formovement of adjuster in main frame


2.14 All India Coordinate Research Project on Home Science

more complete access and control of womenon farm resources was high in NorthernTelangana Zone. With regard to men,complete access to homestead resources wasobserved in Godavari zone (82.24%) followedby Krishna zone (74.55%). Complete controlof men was observed in Krishna zonefollowed by Southern Telangana zone.

Overall picture of participation of gender inagriculture in the state of Himachal Pradeshreveals joint participation in farming,homestead gardening, horticulture, postharvest operations and animal husbandry bymajority of the men and women. Percentageof independent participation by womenrespondents is noticeably high in case ofhomestead gardening, post harvest andlivestock management.

In Tarai and Bahadur zone of Uttarakhandwomen of small land holding and landlesscategory were found to be extensivelyparticipating in transplanting, weeding andharvesting but women from largelandholding did not participate in field basedactivities. However, in this zone independentrole and complete responsibility were mendominated (55.74% & 64.33%), whereas inHill zone rural women had independent role(52.61%) and complete responsibility(62.33%) of farming activities. Intra zonaldifferences in horticultural activities showsthat in hill zone both men and women wereinvolved in horticultural activities whereas inTarai & Bhabhar zone greater number of menmembers were performing independent roleand complete responsibility of farmingactivities. In Hill zone, women wereperforming independent role and hadcomplete responsibility of livestockmanagement activities whereas in Tarai andBhabhar zone, more women were jointlyperforming the role with men members and

The All India Coordinated Research Project(AICRP) on Home Science is in operation innine State Agricultural Universities. The mainthrust of the project is on empowerment ofwomen in agriculture for their improvednutrition and livelihood security, drudgeryreduction for quality living. The salientachievements of the project during the year2012-13 have been summarized below:

2.14.1 Gender disaggregated data

The data for gender database were collectedfrom nine states covering 46 agro climaticzones. Agro climatic zonal variations createa lot of difference in crop production and lifestyle of the people. With the variation oftopography, land and production system, anattempt has been made to find out if anyvariations exist in participation pattern offarm women and men in different agroclimatic zones and in different activity areasof the states viz. Assam, Andhra Pradesh,Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab,Maharastra, Rajasthan and Karnataka.

Results show that, in the Upper CentralBrahmaputra Valley Zone of Assam, morethan half of rural women participatedindependently in dehusking, cleaning,shelling, grading, drying, storage, parboilingand processing. Though the women membersplayed major role in livestock managementactivities, male members had completeresponsibility in care of livestock (71.38%),care of sick animal (71.27%), feed of animal(70.37%) followed by fodder management.

In Andhra Pradesh, result revealed that inscarce rainfall zone (8) the participation ofwomen is more as compared to other zones.Partial role and responsibility of women wasobserved high in High altitude tribal zone (9)followed by North Coastal (1) and Godavarizones (2). Among the agro climatic zones


holding partial responsibility of livestockmanagement activities.

In Punjab State, majority of the women werenot participating in farming and horticulturaloperations and men were the major roleplayers. Even in post harvest operationsmajority of women (66.55%) were notinvolved. Both men and women in majorityperformed livestock management activities.Independent participation was highest inlivestock management for women and formen it was in post harvest followed byfarming and horticulture.

In Maharastra, rural men were havingcomplete responsibility while rural womenwere having partial responsibility in all thenine agro climatic zones. In horticulture, ruralwomen from the South, North Konkan,Western Ghat and Sub Mountain agroclimatic zones were participating jointly withmen whereas her joint participation withwomen was noticed in Eastern Vidharbhaand Western Maharashtra Plain zones. Inlivestock management, rural women from theSouth Konkan, Sub Mountain, WesternMaharastra and Plain agro climatic zoneswere participating jointly with men whereasher independent participation was noticed inNorth Konkan, Western Ghat and easternVidharbha agro climatic zones.

Data of Rajasthan revealed that most of thefarm activities were performed jointly by menand women (35.3-68.1%). Findings indicatedthat in farming men had complete access aswell as control over the resources like farmassets, inputs and procuring and repaying ofloan, while women had no access and controlover these resources. Most of the livestockactivities were performed independently bywomen 38.97 - 65.12%. The remainingactivities were performed jointly by men withwomen (59.18-84.78%). In livestock resources

women mainly had complete access to andcontrol over some of the resources likefeeding of animals, excreta management,management of cash earned from sale ofproduce and management of produce athousehold and commercial level, while menhad partial access and control in the resourceslike number of animals to be purchased orsold, fodder management and care of sickanimals.

Karnataka is divided into 10 agro climaticzones namely North Eastern Transition Zone(1), North Eastern Dry Zone (2), NorthernDry Zone (3), Central Dry Zone (4), EasternDry Zone (5), Southern Dry Zone (6),Southern Transition Zone (7), NorthernTransition Zone (8), Hill Zone (9) And CoastalZone (10). The findings revealed thatirrespective of the zones, independent rolesand responsibilities of men in farmingactivities were higher and for women mainlyit was joint participation and partialresponsibilities. Participation in horticultureactivities are seen only in zone 4,5,6,9 and 10where fruits like Ber, Pomegranate, Guavaand mango are grown. Homestead gardeningwas practiced wherever there is assuredwater source and this was seen in zone 4, 6and 7. Fisheries activities were carried out inZone 2 and Zone 10. But the difference wasthat in zone 2 it was inland and riverinefisheries exclusively carried out by men, whilein zone 10 it is coastal fisheries where mengo out to the sea and take care of marketingand women dominate post harvest activities.

2.14.2 Food & Nutrition Security in selectedfarming system

Recipes which were commonly consumedby the farm families in the selected areaswere identified and analyzed for the ironcontent. The s e l e c t e d r e c i p e s w e r em o d i f i e d t o o b t a i n 6 - 8 m g o f i r o n /


serving. Forty five rec ipes have beenmodif ied to obta in the des ired i ronvalue. The value of iron ranging from4.7 in poha reported by Ludhiana and29.09mg in khatta meetha namkeen ofPalampur . S ince v i tamin C helps inabsorption of iron hence analyzed foreach of the recipes also. The recipeswere developed using different food

Table 9. Iron and vitamin C content of recipes

groups. Fifteen were based on cereals,6 on pulses, 4 with nuts and oil seeds,6 with green leafy vegetables and 4with root vegetables. Remaining weredeveloped mixing di f ferent groups .Iron sources used in the recopies arelotus s tem, r ice f lakes , bengal gramf l o u r , n i g e r s e e d , m i n t p o w d e r ,rajkeera seed powder etc.


3.14.3 Assessment of technologies fordrudgery reduction

To mitigate drudgery and occupationalproblems of women working in differentproduction systems three technologies weredeveloped and one was modified.

1. A ladle made of iron with woodenhandle was designed and fabricated forparboiling of rice by AAU, Assam

2. Okra and brinjal mittens were developedfor farmwomen involved in harvestingactivity by MKV, Parbhani

3. A portable comb type ground nutstripper was developed by MPUA&T,Udaipur

4. A portable briquette stove with handblower was fabricated in association ofSri engineering Works, Hyderabad

Technologies Developed

Fig. 55. Ladle Technologies Modified

Fig. 56. Okra and Brinjal Mittens


Fig. 57. Ground nut Stripper Fig. 58. Portable Briquette Stove

Details of evaluated technologies are givenbelow:

1. Head Load Managers (HLM): Four headload managers made of different materialsand with variations in design aspects wereevaluated. Thirty subjects who are regularhead loaders were selected for the study. Thesubjects selected were asked to use all the fourhead load managers along with theconventional method of carrying loads. Eachtrial was carried out for 30 minutes. Datawas collected using an interview scheduleand an opinion schedule. The study suggeststhat the head load manager can be usedcomfortably by the workers for load carryingsuch as sand, bricks, concrete etc. As theyare habituated to the conventional methodadoption of this new technology takes somemore time.

2. Aonla pricking: Ergonomic evaluation ofconventional (fork and hand tools) andimproved methods of aonla pricking (handoperated aonla pricking machine) revealedthat Physiological parameters like HR, EERand PCW were found to be slightly higherwhile pricking with the machine ascompared to the conventional tools.

However, the physiological responses with allthe three tools in all the three posture werewithin the acceptable limit for the womenworkers and pricking with all the tools in allthe postures was regarded as the light activity.The postural analysis of workers in differentworking postures using RULA (Rapid UpperLimb Assessment) indicates towards completeelimination of use of conventional tools as theyinvolved exertion of force and highlyrepetitive motion of upper extremities.Similarly, Ovako working postureassessments (OWAS) results also clearlyindicated that working in sitting andsquatting posture with all the three toolsshould be changed as soon as possible. Spinaldeviation was also found to be maximum insquatting posture with conventional tools andin sitting posture with machine. Hence, thebiomechanical parameters clearly statetowards complete elimination of use ofconventional tools and promotion of themachine and at the same time modificationsin sitting and squatting postures with thedevelopment of a proper workstation. Thestudy suggested development of properworkstation and modifications in workingpostures.


3. Petha making enterprise with WISE(Work Improvement in Small Enterprises)techniques: Occupational hazards andevaluation of the Petha making enterprisewith WISE techniques revealed the need for

Improvements in organizing storageplace with access to materials andpromoting hygiene in handling

Development of proper workstation forcutting, pricking and processing mostlyfor cutting Petha into cubes

Use of safety gloves, masks whilehandling hot spots

Postural improvement by providingseating comfort and suitable work tables.

Improvement in work environment viz-a-viz proper ventilation and lighting atthe working areas

4. Cotton picking machine: The mechanicalmethod of cotton picking operation withcotton picking reduced the physiological costof work of women significantly compared tomanual method along with 41 per centreduction as per rating on drudgeryexperiences. The picking efficiency increasedby 6 per cent.

2.13.4 Functional Clothing to combatoccupational health hazards of farmwomen

Health hazards and existing dress patternsof farm workers engaged in differentproduction system of agriculture sector werestudied through interview schedule andobservation method by all the centres. Datawere collected from 850 respondents in theage group of 31-40 years. Seed treatment,land preparation, sowing and threshing werebeing performed by men farm workerswhereas transplantation, harvesting,vegetable plucking, weeding and cleaning

were carried out by both men and women.For land preparation, tractor was being usedby majority of the respondents however, bullcart was also being used by many of therespondents. Most of the crops were beingsown/ transplanted manually howevertractors/ bull carts were also being used infew cases. Flooding system or channels werebeing used for irrigation as per requirementof crops. However drip irrigation wasreported by Udaipur and Dharwad centres.For threshing, combine or thresher were used.Harvesting was either done by combine ormanually. Application of fertilizer andweeding was reported to be done manually.Vegetable/flower/cotton were being pickedor plucked manually.

For identification of occupational healthhazards different centres selectedcommonly grown crops of their regions.Data revealed that major health hazardsencountered while performing various farmactivities during crop cultivation bymajority of respondents were irritation ofeyes, and allergy on face, hand and feet.Seed treatment caused problems in hands,headache and nausea due to use ofpesticides. Majority of respondents reportedsoiling of hand and feet during weeding,irrigation and fertilizer application.

Specific problems encountered whileperforming activities for selected cropssuch as:

Sugarcane

Transplantation: Backache due tobending, foot ailments and hand ailment

Harvesting and Cleaning : Cuts, Soiling,Itching and Irritation in hands, arms,eyes and other body parts


Wheat and mustard

Harvesting and threshing: Soiling anditching/irritation on eye, hair, face, neck,arms, hand and feet, running nose/sneezing, breathlessness and cut in handsand feet.

Rice cultivation

Transplantation : Backache due tobending and foot ailment

Harvesting: Itching and cuts on hand

Maize cultivation

Sowing: Backache due to bending

Harvesting: itching & irritation and cutsin hand.

Shelling: pain and blisters in hands

Soyabean, Sorghum, Red gram, Chickpea harvesting: cuts in hand, soiling onhand and feet

Problem encountered during vegetable andflower cultivation varied according to thespecific vegetable and flower. These includedbackache due to bending duringtransplantation and plucking, cuts in hand,allergy in hand/arms were also reported bymany respondents.

During farm activities Kurta Pyzama was themost commonly used dress of men farmworkers while Kurta-Lungi, Kurta trouserswere also reported by few centres. Safa/Towel/ Gomucha / Pagri were used forprotection of head which varied from regionto region. Majority of respondents were alsousing chappel. Most commonly used dressamong women farm workers was reportedto be Kameez-Salwar with dupatta by Hisar,Ludhiana and Palampur centres whereasSaree–Blouse was being worn by womenworkers of Hydrabad, Dharwad, Pantnagarand Parbani. Udaipur centre reported that

Blouse-Ghagra and Odhani was worn bywomen workers and in Assam, Blouse-mekhlaand chaddar was worn. To cover head, theyused dupatta / towel or scarf. In spite of theprotective measures taken by few farmworkers, they were facing problem of dust,husk particles on their body parts as safa/towel/dupatta pulled out while performingfarm activities. Safa/Dupatta/Towel also leadto inconvenience while breathing.

Hisar centre developed educational packageon Protective clothing for farm workers todisseminate the information to the targetgroup for popularization of technology.Three Media was planned i.e. pamphlets,video film and interactive CD. Threepamphlets were developed on keetnashaksambandhit karya karne vale pursho ke liyesurkshatmak vastar (In Hindi), threshing karnevale pursho ke liye surakshatmak vastra (InHindi) and threshing karne vali mahilaon ke liyesurakshatmak vastra (In Hindi).

Developed pamphlets were got evaluatedfrom 20 experts with reference to length andclarity of title, accuracy, coverage of message,objectivity of the message, writing styles andcompatibility of the content. The data revealedthat in the content of pamphlets, the materialmanaged in logical sequence and propergrouping and usefulness of the informationwas found to be highly appropriate. Lengthand clarity of the title, font size and clarity ofprinting, message coverage of all theinformation on protective clothing were alsoassed to be highly appropriate. The write upof the pamphlet was clearly stated and selfexplanatory and repetition of words wasavoided carefully. The overall mean score forwriting style was found to be highlyappropriate. Illustrations and their layoutwere stated to be effective. Compatibility ofpamphlet was found to be highly appropriate.Thus, it clearly indicates that the presentation


of material of various messages wasaccording to farmers’ needs. Script has beenfinalized for video film and interactive CD.

Utilization of plant sources for textileapplication

To study the disinfectant practice data wascollected from 660 respondents in the agegroup of 21-30 years or 31-40 yearscomprising of rural and urban women usingwell structured interview schedule.Maximum no. of respondents were middleclass, had nuclear and medium sized families.Family occupation of maximum number ofrespondent was farming and had monthlyincome less than 10,000 per month.

For disinfecting of clothes, majority of therespondents used dettol soap while neem soapwas also found to be used by few respondents.Other respondents were using ordinary soapsand detergent powders. Amongst disinfectantfrom natural sources, neem leaves were beingused by majority of the respondents and tulsileaves were also reported by a fewrespondents. Amongst syntheticdisinfectants, dettol solution was used bymajority of the respondents and sevlon wasreported to be used by few respondents. Theantiseptic solutions were used in the finalrinse. Clothes were also sun dried to makethem disinfectants. Majority of therespondents had knowledge regardingmedicinal value of neem and tulsi leaves,

turmeric, ginger and garlic. A fewrespondents had also knowledge aboutmedicinal nature of eucalyptus, orange peelsor pomegranate rinds.

Hyderabad centre worked on diversified useof sisal fiber by improving its process abilityand extending from handicrafts andfabrication of composites thereby creatingnew avenues for sustainable eco-friendly endproducts. The available varieties of sisal inAndhra Pradesh namely Agave webert,Agave cantala, Agave Veracruz wereconsidered for study, based on theobservation of the tested fiber varieties forstrength Agave webert variety was selectedfor the study. Sisal being a very stiff fiber, tosoften, it enzyme treatments were given withthree laboratory grade cellulase enzymes-Sibasof, Microsil and New smooth. Tostandardize the softening treatments on sisalfibre, three varieties of enzymes namelyMicrosil, Sibosof, New smooth with threedifferent concentrations of 0.5 %, 1.5 % and2 % were selected for each enzyme. Tooptimize the enzyme treatment process itwas carried at room temperature for 30minutes at 5 pH and M: L ratios weremaintained as 1:30. Then the fiber was rinseddried and was got winded manually. Threedifferent types of union fabrics for eachenzyme were woven on a handloom usingcotton as warp with the yarn count of 60sand 40s of treated sisal fiber as weft. The

Fig. 59. Control samples Fig. 60. Enzyme I treatedsamples

Fig. 61. Enzyme II treatedsamples

Fig. 62. Enzyme IIItreated


control sample was woven using cotton aswarp and untreated sisal fiber as weft.

Dharwad center standardized fibreextraction method from Mesta and SunhempStalks and studied the effect of retting processon fibre yield and quality. Mesta species,Hibiscus sabdariffa, variety AS73, CD 560 andsunhemp species, Crotalaria juncea grown inInstitute of Organic Farming, University ofAgricultural Sciences, Dharwad wereselected for the study.

For higher yield as well as better quality offiber the plants were harvested atphysiological maturity the harvested stalkswere dried completely after the leaves

Fig. 63. Mesta species (Hibiscus sabdariffa)

Fig. 64. Sunhemp species (Crotalaria juncea)

dropped they were dried subjected to rettingprocess. The dried Mesta and Sunhemp stalkswere just steeped in water that took nearly200 hours to decompose and it was used ascontrol sample. To accelerate the rettingprocess, biological cultures i.e. 2%vermiwashwere added into the retting tank in the 2nd

sample and 3rd sample was treated with 2%urea, an organic compound. Fiber yield ofMesta and Sunhemp stalks treated with 2%vermiwash had maximum fiber yield. Fiberextracted from urea treated stalks was foundto be longest whereas control sample depictedbetter fineness, strength and elongationpercentage amongst all the three samples.Sunhemp stalks treated with 2% ureaexhibited increase in fiber cell length, lengthof fiber strand, strength and elongation thancontrol, while fiber fineness was found to bereduced after urea treatment. The fibersextracted from stalks treated with vermiwashexhibited better strength and elongationpercentage as compared to control. On theother hand, reduction in fiber cell length,length of fiber strand and fineness wasobserved after vermiwash treatment.

Dharwad and Hyderabad centres alsoconducted survey to find out the utilizationof starches in household and commerciallaundering. Parbhani centre conductedPhytochemical Analysis of five plant sourcesviz Ashoka leaves, Lantana camera leaves,Lemon leaves, Drumsticks leaves andCatharanthus Roseus leaves for theircharacterization. Analysis was done to assessthe microbial properties of the plants.

Effort made by all the centres fordissemination of developed technologies:

Put up Exhibitions in Kisan Mela andMahila Kisan MelaImparted Trainings


Organised Demonstrations DeliveredLectures

2.14.5 Capacity development of rural younggirls engaged in agriculture

The Training module on Life Skill Educationwhich was developed during the previousplan under AICRP on Home Science wasused for the capacity development of youth.The module is consists of 54 different lessonsbased on day to day life situations applicableto rural adolescent girls. Participants areencouraged to actively involve in thoseactivities through which they can developvarious life skills. Lessons are very easy,simple and can easily be adapted to age,gender, local situations and language. Theapproach is completely interactive, using roleplays, games, puzzles, group discussions andother techniques to keep the participantsinvolved during the sessions.

In order to improve life skills of ruraladolescent girls and young mothers,interventions were given through modulesprepared on life skills. Results of Pre tests andpost tests carried out on nine Life skillsshowed improvement in all the skill afterintervention. Improvement in terms of meanscores showed comparatively better result inempathy and communication skill than otherskill. When the data were analyzed centrewise for each of the skills, improvement afterintervention has been observed in all the lifeskills in the data of Jorhat and Hyderabadcentre. From the data it can be inferred thatin the areas where improvement was foundinsignificant, continuous intensiveintervention is required for improving lifeskills of rural adolescent girls. In the presentproject the respondents received only sixhours intervention for each of the skills whichare not at all sufficient for developing a skill.Therefore such interventions should beplanned as a continuous training programmefor rural adolescent girls.

Fig. 66. Comparison of Mean Scores of pre andpost tests on various life skills

Trainings were imparted separately for eachof the nine life skills in all the nine centres toadolescent girls. Trainings at field level wereorganized where rural girls actively take partin the activities related to the skill. Theyperform role playing in some of the skillsnamely: inter-personnel relationship,Fig. 65. Training Module


problems solving and communication skill tounderstand the meaning of these skills.

Thirty-three (33) training programmeswere conducted by all the centres on lifeskill education, parent adolescentrelationship, management of adolescentbehavior and income generating activities.About 865 beneficiaries including ruralyouths, mothers, adolescent girl,anganwadi workers and anganwadichildren benefited from these.

For the purpose of the study on“Developing competencies of rural youthsthrough educational intervention” each ofthe nine centres selected 150 numbers ofrural youths who are engaged inagriculture and allied activities. Theselected youths are usually school drop outsas well as those who discontinued theirstudies after Xth standard. The samplecomprises of both boys and girls age ranges

from 15 to 24 yrs. Majority of the samplesare from average socio–economicbackground. Boys are mainly engaged invegetable cultivation, mushroomcultivation, sugar cane cultivation, fruitscultivation, poultry farms, diary andpiggery. Girls are mainly engaged in postharvest activities like pruning,transplanting, harvesting and sun drying.They are also engaged in allied activities likepickle making, juice making and juteproducts making, few of them are engagedin rearing of ducks, and poultry in a verysmall scale.

Socio-economic status of the sample wascalculated by calculating mean and standarddeviation of the SES score. Table 10 showsthe percentage of rural youths under high,average and low categories according toSocio-economic status :

Table 10. SES of the selected sample


All centres are working on preparationof psychological scales/ checklists formeasuring socio emotional behavior ofyouths, maternal characteristics,characterization of rural youth etc.

Preliminary work on preparationintervention packages has beenstarted.

2.14.6 Technology empowerment offarmwomen

An ergonomically friendly weaving chair forthe fly shuttle weavers (40 inches-height ofthe loom), designed by AAU in 2011-12, wasgiven to thirty fly shuttle weavers of threedifferent weaving enterprises for collectingusers’ feedback. The results showed that centper cent of the users were highly satisfied withthe use of improved chair during weavingactivity. Further, the weaving enterpriseswere ready to fabricate/adopt the chair inorder to reduce musculoskeletal disordersprevailed among fly shuttle weavers.Moreover, initiative for dissemination ofergonomically designed weaving chair indifferent KVKs of Assam AgriculturalUniversity is carried out.

Paddy harvesting with serrated sickle hasimproved the pace of work by savingabout 4 hours/ acre, reduced the humanpower needed for paddy harvesting by2.37 labour days, increased the workoutput per hour and has reduced thedrudgery score and disorders scoresignificantly

The use of potato picker introduced hasresulted in picking of 52kg potatoes asagainst 25 kg by the traditional method.Cardiac strain index and drudgeryexperiences were reduced significantly

Conducted training, demonstration andawareness programmes for men and womenfarmers on drudgery reducing technologies.

Exhibition also organized on the eve of KisanMelas.

2.14.7 XX Biennial Workshop of AICRP onHome Science

XX Biennial workshop of All IndiaCoordinated Research Project (AICRP) onHome Sciences organized at University ofAgricultural Sciences, Dharwad from 29-30January 2013. All the AICRP Scientists fromnine AICRP centres, DRWA and faculties ofUAS, Dharwad participated in this event. Onthis occasion publications, CDs and trainingmodules on various aspects of home scienceactivities were released in differentlanguages. An exhibition on technologicalinterventions of home sciences was alsoarranged. QRT members also visited theAICRP on Home Science Centre at UAS,Dharwad during Workshop on 29 January2013. A meeting was organized with all theAICRP Scientists and QRT members.

Fig. 67-68. XX Biennial Workshop of AICRP onHome Science


Fig. 69. XX Biennial Workshop of AICRP on HomeScience

Fig. 70. Delegates attended the XX BiennialWorkshop of AICRP on Home Science

3. WEATHER REPORTIn 2012, the average minimum and maximum temperatures in Bhubaneswar were 22.2 and32.7 °C. May was the hottest month and December was the coldest month. Bhubaneswar hasbeen quite humid throughout the year with the average relative humidity of 83.5%. The totalannual rainfall was 1536 mm which was 10%less than that of last year. The total rainy dayswere 102. The south east monsoon, which setsin the second week of June, was the majorcontributor of rainfall and consequently, June,July and August contributed about 70% of totalrainfall. However, sporadic rains were alsorecorded in January, April and May. July 18was the wettest day with 134 mm rainfall. Thehigh rainfall followed by dry period gives anopportunity for rainwater harvesting duringJune - September to meet the waterrequirement of crops during November toApril.

4. IMPORTANT MEETINGS

4.1.13th RAC meeting of DRWA,held during 22-23 June, 2012

The 13th Research Advisory Committeemeeting was held during 22-23 June, 2012under the Chairmanship of Dr K.NarayanaGowda, Vice Chancellor, University ofAgricultural Sciences, Bangalore atDirectorate of Research on Women inAgriculture, Bhubaneswar. The followingRAC members were present in the meeting.

Dr K.Narayana Gowda - Chairman

Dr V.S.Korikanthimath - Member

Dr Malvika Dadalani - Member

Dr V.K.Tewari - Member

Dr Krishna Srinath - Member

Dr S.K. Srivastava - Member - Secretary

Fig. 71. Rainfall distribution


At the outset Dr Krishna Srinath, DirectorDRWA welcomed the Chairman andRAC Members and explained briefly theresearch achievements and otherdevelopments of the institute. She alsohighlighted objectives of DRWA, budgetutilization, staff position, capacitybuilding programmes and infrastructureas well as proposed areas of researchfor the XII Plan. Further the salientaspects of National Consultation onWomen in Agriculture and GlobalConference on Women in Agricultureorganized by the Directorate at NASCcomplex New Delhi was also highlightedby her. These events provided anopportunity for better visibility of DRWAat global level which is the only instituteof its kind in the world.

Dr K.Narayana Gowda, Chairman RAC inhis opening remarks commended the effortsof DRWA in organizing the two majorevents during the last financial year 2011-12. He expressed happiness andcongratulated the Director, DRWA and theScientists for their enormous efforts. Hethen took up the agenda items fordiscussion. He felt that due to declining percapita land and migration of men to urbanareas there is an increasing demand onwomenfolk to take up farmingresponsibility of the household. He alsoobserved that there is a tendency amongrural youth to shy away from agricultureparticularly due to increasing cost ofproduction and decreasing financialreturns. Therefore, he stressed that duringthe XII Plan it is essential to devise differentmechanisms to empower womenfolk for selfsustainability. He suggested that Instituteshould evolve various models which can be

adopted nationally and globally. TheMember Secretary Dr S.K.Srivastavapresented the Action Taken Report on theproceedings of the 12th RAC meetingwhich was discussed and confirmed.Salient achievements of the fourteenongoing projects, including six Net workprojects and eight institutional projectswere presented. The results of the fourcompleted projects were also presentedalong with two newly proposed projects.RAC recommended upgrading of DRWAas National Institute with more scientificstrength in view of the enormity of themandate provided to the Institute. The RACmembers appreciated the number ofpublications brought out by the Directorateduring the last five years. In the concludingremarks the RAC Chairman appreciatedthe important suggestions given by theMembers of RAC. He emphasized the roleof Directorate of Research on Women inAgriculture not only in India but also atglobal level. Director Dr. Krishna Srinaththanked the Chairman and Members fortheir valuable suggestions. The meeting wascoordinated by Dr. S.K. Srivastava Member-Secretary, RAC.

Fig. 72. 13th RAC Meeting during 22-23 June, 2012


4.2 3rd Quinquennial Review Team Meeting

The 3rd Quinquennial Review Team (QRT)meeting of the Directorate of Research onWomen in Agriculture, Bhubaneswar (ICAR)was held on 13-15 February, 2013. The QRTwas headed by Dr. P Das, Ex-DDG with thefollowing members; Dr. Mehtab S Bamji, NIN,Hyderabad; Dr. Vandan Dwivedi, PlanningCommission; Dr. Vinita Sharma, DST, NewDelhi; Dr. Ratna Tiwary, SNDT, Mumbai andDr. V P Chahal, ICAR, New Delhi as theMember Secretary.

Dr Krishna Srinath, Director, brieflyexplained the research achievements andother developments of the institute includingbudget utilization, staff position, capacitybuilding programmes and infrastructure andproposed areas of research for the XII Plan.

Dr. P Das, Chairperson, in his openingremarks mentioned that DRWA is emerging

as a world leader in the subject of researchon women in agriculture. He emphasized thatfarm women directly influence the country’sdevelopment and therefore, their roles andresponsibilities should be identified in farmas well as at home to find out their problemswhich can be solved through suitableresearch programmes. He also pointed out theneed to examine different ways to addressthe identified gender issues by developinggender friendly approaches for technologydissemination.

The experts emphasized to strengthen corecompetencies among scientists, gender database, participatory action research, andoutreach programme as well as developmentof good Case Studies and assessment ofgender- based vulnerability. They alsoemphasized the importance of health,nutrition, immunization, food andenvironment for women. The expert visitedthe research farm, laboratories, data centre,exhibition hall and library and suggestedmeasures for improvement. The first meetingof QRT was held at UAS Bangalore toreview the AICRP activities and the expertsemphasized upon the need-basedtechnology generation in AICRP for poorrural farmers. Dr. V P Chahal andDr. Kundan Kishore co-ordinated both theQRT meetings.

4.3. 15th Institute Management Committee Meeting

Fig. 73. 3rd Quinquennial Review Team Meeting

The Institute Management CommitteeMeeting was held on March 25, 2013 underthe chairmanship of Dr. M.P.S. Arya, Director(Actg.). Shri R. S. Gopalan, Director ofAgriculture & Food Production, Govt. ofOdisha; Dr. S. C. Mahapatra, Dean, OUAT;Dr. Nandita Ptahak, Deendayal ResearchInstitute, Chitrakoot; Dr. AkellaVani,

Principal Scientist, IIHR; Dr. SandhyaShenoy, Principal Scientist, NAARM and Dr.K. Usha, Principal Scientist, IARI attendedthe meeting. The IMC reviewed the overallprogress and suggested measures for betterexecution of programmes. Sh. G. S. Rao, AO,DRWA and the Member Secretarycoordinated the programme.


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5.2 Hindi Chetna Divas and Pakhawada

Hindi Chetna Pakhawada was observed atDRWA from 01- 13 October, 2012. HindiDivas was organised on 14 September, 2013.Four competitions were organised for Hindi

and non-Hindi speaking staff of the instituteduring Hindi Chetna Pakhawada and prizeswere distributed among the winners ofcompetitions.

Fig. 74-75. Meeting of Hindi Chetna Divas


Research Papers1. Arya, M.P.S., Sarangi, D.N. and

Srivastava S.K. (2012) Study onparticipation behaviour of men andwomen in rice production activities.Agricultural Science Digest 32(3): 229-232. Jrid (A053) 3.0.

2. Divya Tiwari, H.K. Singh and A.K. Shukla(2011). Response of pruning intensityand nutrients on vegetative growthparameters and yield of aonla (Emblicaofficinalis G.) cv. Francis. TheHorticultural Journal, 24(1): 1-7.

3. G. Biswas, Debasis De, A. R.Thirunavukkarasu, M. Natarajan, J.K. Sundaray, M. Kailasam, PremKumar, T. K. Ghoshal, A. G. Ponniahand A. Sarkar. 2012. Effects of stockingdensity, feeding, fertilization andcombined fertilization-feeding on theperformances of striped grey mullet(Mugil cephalus L.) fingerlings inbrackish water pond rearingsystems. Aquaculture. 338-341: 284-292.

4. Kishore, K., Shukla, A.K., Babu, N.,Sarangi, D.N. and Patnayak, S. 2012.Pollination biology of Annona squamosa L.(Annonaceae): Evidence for pollinationsyndrome. Scientia Horticulture, 144:212-217.

5. Krishnani K. K., Nagavel, A., KathiravanV., Ponnusamy K., Solanki, Pillai S. M.and Ponniah, A. G. 2013. Evaluation ofbagasse assisted biostimulation incoastal aquaculture through field andmolecular approaches. Research andReviews in Biosciences. 7 (7):277-293.

6. Maheshwari, S K., Bhat, N.A., Shah, T.A.,Shukla, A.K. and Hare Krishna 2012.Effect of fungicidal seed and foliarapplication on Ascochyta blight of pea.Ann. Pl. Protec. Sci.20 (1) : 240-241.

7. Mishra, P. and Mishra, Sabita (2012)“Influencial Socio-economic Variablesfor Progressiveness of SHG”, AsianJournal of Home Science, Vol. 7, Issues 2,pp.536 - 540.

8. Mishra, Sabita, Dash, H. K. and Prusty,M. (2012) “Marketing Behaviour ofTribal Women in Koraput District ofOdisha: A Case Study”, Journal ofExtension Education, Vol. XVII, No.1.

9. Moharana, G. and Vinay, D. (2013).Assessment of workload: Anoccupational health hazards ofhospitality industry worker. PantnagarJournal of Research. Vol: 10 (3).(Accepted)

10. Naresh, Babu; Srivastava, S.K. andAgarwal, Suman (2013). TraditionalStorage Practices of Spices andCondiments in Odisha, Indian Journal ofTraditional Knowledge, accepted forpublication.

11. Nayak, J., S P Singh and GayatriMoharana. 2011. Farm women andinner environment: A case study inBhopal district. Journal of ExtensionEducation (Bhubaneswar), XVI (1&2),63-67.

12. Nayak, Jyoti. Singh, S.P.; Srinath, K. andMoharana, G. (2013) Effect of cookingenvironment on the daily life of ruralwomen. International Journal of Familyand Home Science. (Accepted)

13. Ponnusamy, K., Nayak, Jyoti and Mishra,Sabita. 2012. Development of womenfriendly expert system in crop andanimal enterprises. Journal of ExtensionEducation. XVII (1).

14. Rao, R.V.S., Rao, K.H., Sarkar, A., Mishra,D. and Anwer, M.M. 2012. Leadershipcharacteristics of scientists in Indian

6. PUBLICATIONS


Council of Agricultural Research:Readiness to take up the leadershiprole. The IUP Journal of OrganizationalBehavior, IUP Publications. XI (2): 37-53.

15. Shukla, A. K., Kaushik, R.A. Sarolia, D.K.and Mahawer, L.N. (2012) Guavavarieties to enrich fruit basket. IndianHorticulture, 57 (6) 17-18.

16. Shukla, A.K., Sarolia, D.K., Mahawer,L.N., Bairwa, H.L., Kaushik, R.A. andSharma, R. 2012 Genetic variability ofguava (Psidium guajava L) and itsprospects for crop improvement. IndianJ. Plant Genetic Resources, 25 (2) :157-160.

17. Singh, Abha and Sadangi, B.N. (2012)Livelihood Patterns and Resource Baseof Tribals in Koraput and Rayagadadistricts of Odisha. Indian ResearchJournal of Extension Education SpecialIssue (Volume I) Pp .307-312.

18. Singh, Abha and Sadangi, B.N. (2012).Horticulture as Livelihood of TribalHouseholds in Koraput and RayagadaDistrict of Odisha. 2012. OdishaHorticulture, (1): 7-9.

19. Singh, Abha and Sadangi, B.N. (2012).Traditional Foods of Tribal Householdsof Southern Odisha. Asian Journal ofHome Science, 7 (2), 567-570.

20. Singh, D., Saha, K P and Singh S P. 2012.Adoption skill enhancement techniquesand quality improvement inmanufacturing of agriculturalimplements in Madhya Pradesh, India.Agricultural Mechanization in Asia,Africa and Latin America (AMA),43(3), 74-78.

21. Singh, S P. 2012. Physiological workloadof farm women while evaluating sicklesfor paddy harvesting. Agric Eng Int:CIGR Journal, 14 (1): Manuscript no.1540.

22. Singh, S P., Singh Surendra and Singh,Pratap. 2012. Bio-mechanicalparameters while operating handoperated maize dehusker-sheller.Agricultural Engineering Today, 36(3),27-32.

23. Singh, S P., Singh, P and Singh, S. 2012.Design and development of handoperated maize dehusker-sheller forfarm women. AgriculturalMechanization in Asia, Africa andLatin America (AMA), 43(3), 15-21.

24. Singh, S P., Singh, P and Singh, S. 2012.Isometric torque affected by its positionand posture. Agric Eng Int: CIGRJournal, 14(2). Manuscript no. 1769.

25. Sujay Rakshit, K.N. Ganapathy, S.S.Gomashe, A. Rathore, R.B. Ghorade,M.V. Nagesh Kumar, K. Ganesmurthy,S.K. Jain, M.Y. Kamtar, J.S. Sachan, S.S.Ambekar, B.R. Ranwa, D.G.Kanawade, M. Balusamy, D. Kadam,A. Sarkar, V.A. Tonapi and J.V. Patil.2012. GGE biplot analysis to evaluategenotype, environment and theirinteractions in sorghum multi-locationdata. Euphytica. 185(3, Jun): 465–479.

Popular Articles/ Book Chapter1. Nayak, J, Prusty, M and Behera, B.C.

krishijibi Mahilamanka paien unartadhana unseiba upakaran. Dec’2012Krushak Bandhu: 19

2. Behera, B.C. Mishra. S, Nayak, J andPrusty, M. Krishi Mahila Anusandhan:Eka Alokapata. Dec’2012 KrushakBandhu20-21

3. Prusty, M. R., Nayak, J. and Mishra, Sabita,(2012), Mahila Saphal Chasee, KrishakBandu Annapurna, Monthly magazine(O), December, pp. 26-27.

4. Nayak, J, Lifestyle diseases and theirmanagement for farmwomen.Compendium of Summer School,July18- Aug’2012:189-194.


5. Nayak, J and Moharana, G. Occupationalhealth hazards of farm women.Compendium of Summer School,July18- Aug’2012: 195-199.

6. Nayak, J, Occupational heath faced byfarm women at their workplace &exposure to validate using instruments,Compendium of Trainer’s Training forSMS/Scientists. Compendium ofTrainers’ Training for KVK SMS/Scientists, 11-15 Sep’2012.

7. Babu, Naresh, Kishore, K., Shukla, A.K.and Krishna Srinath (2012)Opportunities in post harvest and valueaddition of horticultural cropsempowering farmwomen. Souvenir ofworkshop on post harvest care andvalue addition of Horticultural crops,Directorate of Horticulture and OdishaHorticulture Development Society,Bhubaneswar, pp80-85.

8. Behera, B. C. and Mishra, Sabita, (2012)Phasalare Rasayanik Sara PrayogaPadhati, Krishak Bandu Annapurna,Monthly magazine (O), December,pp.46-47.

9. Behera, B. C., Mishra, Sabita, Nayak, J. andPrusty, M. R. (2012), Krushi AnusandhanNirdeshalaya: Ek Alokpata, KrishakBandu Annapurna, Monthly magazine (O),December, pp. 21-21.

10. Behera, B.C., Arya, M.P.S. andSrivastava, S.K. (2012) Need of Womenempowerment. KrushakbandhuAnnapurna XX (V): 25-26.

11. Kishore, K., Shukla, A.K. and Singh, A.(2012) Secondary horticulture: Apotential sector for gendermainstreaming. In Gendermainstreaming for resilient agriculture.Published by DRWA, Bhubaneswar, pp159-164.

12. Kishore, K., Shukla, A.K., Babu, Nareshand Krishna Srinath (2012) Post harvest

management: Step towards nutritionand economic security. Souvenir ofFruit festival 2012, Directorate ofHorticulture and Odisha HorticultureDevelopment Society, Bhubaneswar, pp30-35.

13. Kishore, K., Singh, Abha, Shukla, A.K.and Babu, Naresh (2012) Post harvestmanagement of guava: A need foreconomic viability of production system.Souvenir of workshop on post harvestcare and value addition of Horticulturalcrops, Directorate of Horticulture andOdisha Horticulture DevelopmentSociety, Bhubaneswar, pp 36-38.

14. Kundan Kishore, Shukla, A.K. andPatanayak, S. (2012). In-vitropropagation of pointed-gourd. ICARNews, 18 (3): 2.

15. Kundan Kishore, Shukla, A.K. Nareshbabu, Patanayak, S. and Sarangi, D.N.(2012) Pollination syndrome limits fruit-set in custard-apple. ICAR News, 18 (4):17-18.

16. Kundan Kishore, Shukla, A.K., Singh, A.,Naresh babu and Patanayak, S. (2012)Low-cost nutritive guava-lemon-gingersquash. ICAR News, 18 (4): 19.

17. Mishra, Sabita & Mishra, D. P. 2012,Hrud roga O’ Khadya Chikistha,Krishak Bandu Annapurna, Monthlymagazine (O), August, p.38.

18. Mishra, Sabita & Mishra, P. (2012),Pustira Utsha : Gaja Jateeya Khadya,Krishak Bandu Annapurna, Monthlymagazine (O), April, p. 25.

19. Mishra, Sabita (2012), Chhatu ChasaraSaphal Kahanee, Krishak BanduAnnapurna, Monthly magazine (O),May, pp. 19-20.

20. Mishra, Sabita and Singh, A. (2013), Howwonderful your Guava plant? Sabujima,Vol. 21. pp. 64-66.


21. Mishra, Sabita, Prusti, M. & Behera,B.(2012), Odishare Krushi Sanskruti,Krishak Bandu Annapurna, Monthlymagazine (O), July, pp.47.

22. Mishra, Sabita, Sadangi, B. N. andBehera, B. C. (2012), Chhatu ChasaraSaphal Kahanee, Krishak BanduAnnapurna, Monthly magazine (O),December, pp. 24-25.

23. Mishra, Sabita, Sadangi, B. N., Behera,B. C. and Prusty, M. R. (2012), MahilaUpajogee Saphal Krushi Udyoga,Krishak Bandu Annapurna, Monthlymagazine (O), December, pp. 17-18.

24. Moharana, G. 2013. Krishi mahilankashrama janita samasyara Samadhana:Eka drustipata. KrushakbandhuAnnapurna.Vol-XXI (IV) Pp: 41-42.

25. Nayak, J and Ray, S. Lifestyle diseasesand their management for women.Nov’2012:39-41.

26. Nayak, J, Health hazard faced by farmwomen at their workplaces,Compendium of Model TrainingCourse, 1-8, November’12.

27. Nayak, J, Pusty, M and Ponnusamy,K.Bilati Baiganru Pastuta Samagri.June, 2012, Krushak Bandhu: 26-28.

28. Panda, S and Nayak, J , Social andGender issues in watersheds,Compendium of Training Programmeon Social Development in Watersheds(Social),8-12 Oct’12.’2012.

29. Ponnusamy, K and Krishna Srinath.2013. The mechanism of rural migrationand technological interventions toreduce it. Indian farming. 62 (10): 11-14and 29.

30. Ponnusamy, K. and Nayak, J, WomenEmpowerment- Legal Rights andEntitlements, Compendium of TrainingProgramme on Social Development inWatersheds,4-6 June’2012.

31. Ponnusamy, K., 2012. A farm businessmodel for aquaculture centric farmingsystem. Indian farming. 62 (1): 31-33.

32. Sadangi, B. N., Behera, B. C., Mishra,Sabita, Nayak, J. and Prusty, M. R.(2012), Krushire MahilabhimukheeGhatanabalee, Krishak BanduAnnapurna, Monthly magazine (O),December, p.16.

33. Sahoo, Prabhati Kumari., Singh, Abha.,Nanda, Rajashree & Srinath,Krishna.(2012). Samudra UpakulabartiMachhyajibi Mahilamanka Unnati PainMachhya Prakriyakaran BasayikaPranali. Krushaka BandhuAnnapurna., April, 2012. pp. 45-49.

34. Shukla, A. K., Kishore, K. and Babu, N.(2012) Gender and horticulture:Opportunities for farmwomen. InGender mainstreaming for resilientagriculture. Published by DRWA,Bhubaneswar, pp 139-143.

35. Shukla,A. K,. Naresh Babu and Kundan,Kishore, 2013. Protected cultivationtechnology for women. ICAR NEWS19(1): 16.

36. Singh, A. & Mishra, Sabita 2012,Khadya Nirapatta Digare MahilaManankara Bhumeeka, Krishak BanduAnnapurna, Monthly magazine (O),September, p.46.

37. Singh, A., Mishra, Sabita and Kisore, K.(2013) Drying fruits and vegetables foroff-season use. Sabujima, Vol. 21. pp. 78-82.

38. Singh, Abha & Behera, B.C. (2012)Pakasala Bagicharu Prustikr KhadyasarPurti. Krushaka Bandhu Annapurna.March, 2012. pp. 47-48.

39. Singh, Abha & Behera, B.C. (2012).Pasakaguna Ebam Swadista KhadyaRupe Sabuja Sagara Byabahara.Krushaka Bandhu Annapurna .May, 2012. pp. 27-28.


40. Singh, Abha and Sadangi, B. N. (2012)Horticulture as a livelihood Option forTribal Households in Southern Odisha.Shodh Chintan, 4th Swadesh Prem JagritiSangosthi, May 28-31, Bhubaneswar.Organized by ASM Foundation, NewDelhi and OUAT Bhubaneswar. Pp 161-162. (2012).

41. Singh, H.S. & Singh, Abha. (2012). PostHarvest Handling and DomesticProcessing Of Aonla. Souvenir publishedon Fruit Festival, Organized by Directorateof Horticulture and Odisha HorticultureDevelopment Society, Bhubaneswar on19-20 May, 2012. Pp. 25-29.

42. Singh, H.S. & Singh, Abha. (2012).Untapped Potential of Jackfruit.Souvenir published on Workshop onPost Harvest Care and Value Additionof Horticulture Crops, Organized byDirectorate of Horticulture and OdishaHorticulture Development Society,Bhubaneswar Pp. (39-41).

43. Jyoti Nayak and Gayatri Moharana. 2012.Occupational health hazards offarmwomen. Compendium of SummerSchool on Gender mainstreaming forresilient agriculture. Directorate ofResearch on Women in Agriculture,Bhubaneswar: 95-99

44. Mishra, Sabita (2012) ‘ParticipatoryRural Appraisal’ during TrainersTraining programme on “SocialDevelopment in Watersheds for WMT(Social) from 08-12 October, 2012, pp.41-43.

45. Mishra, Sabita (2012) ‘ParticipatoryRural Appraisal’ during TrainersTraining programme on “SocialDevelopment in Watersheds from 04-08 June, 2012, pp. 41-42”.

46. Mishra, Sabita (2012) ‘Techniques andMethods for DevelopingEntrepreneurship among Farm

women’ during Model Training Courseon “Drudgery reduction options forFarm women to Increase their WorkEfficiency and Productivity” from 01-08 November, 2012, pp. 137-140.

47. Singh, S P. 2012. Technologicalempowerment and drudgeryreduction in agriculture. InCompendium on ‘Gendermainstreaming for resilientagriculture’ edited by K. Ponnusamy,A K Shukla, Anil Kumar, Jyoti Nayakand Kundan Kishore, DRWA,Bhubaneswar, 177-182

48. Srivastava, S.K. (2012) Gender friendlyplant protection techniques for safeenvironment. Chapter in Compendiumof lectures of Summer School on GenderMainstreaming in Resilient Agriculture,18 July -7 August, 2012, published fromDRWA, Bhubaneswar. : 170-176.

49. Srivastava, S.K. (2012) Women friendlyIPM technologies includingvermicomposting, Chapter inCompendium of lectures of ICARModel Training Course on Drudgeryreducing options for farm women toincrease their work efficiency andproductivity, held at Directorate ofResearch on Women in Agriculture,Bhubaneswar, Orissa, during01.11.2012 to 08.11.2012, publishedfrom DRWA, Bhubaneswar.98-108.

50. Srivastava, S.K. (2012) Women friendlyIPM technologies to increase safety withreduced drudgery, Chapter inCompendium of lectures of Triners’Training for KVK Scientists/SMS onDrudgery reducing farm technologies/ equipment for farm women, held atDirectorate of Research on Women inAgriculture, Bhubaneswar, Orissa,during 11.09.2012 to 15.09.2012,published from DRWA,Bhubaneswar.:73-79.


51. Srivastava, S.K. (2013) Codexalimentarius commission and its role inregulation of agro chemical residuesChapter in Training manual on Gendermainstreaming in eco-friendly pestmanagement with special reference tostorage pest held at Directorate ofResearch on Women in Agriculture,Bhubaneswar, Orissa, during 20.2.2013to 23.2.2013, published by Director,DRWA, Bhubaneswar : 43-58.

52. Srivastava, S.K. (2013) Pest and diseasemanagement in various crops throughherbal and eco friendly methods.Chapter in Training manual on Gendermainstreaming in eco-friendly pestmanagement with special reference tostorage pest held at Directorate ofResearch on Women in Agriculture,Bhubaneswar, Orissa, during 20.2.2013to 23.2.2013, published by Director,DRWA, Bhubaneswar : 1-31

53. Srivastava, S.K. (2013) Traditional storagepractices of india including drwaintervention in storage pestmanagement Chapter in Trainingmanual on Gender mainstreaming ineco-friendly pest management withspecial reference to storage pest heldat Directorate of Research on Womenin Agriculture, Bhubaneswar, Orissa,during 20.2.2013 to 23.2.2013,published by Director ,DRWA,Bhubaneswar : 65-71.

54. Moharana, G. 2012. Work placeassessment techniques and advantageto farm women’. Compendium ofTrainer’s training for KVK SMS/Scientist on ‘Drudgery Reducing farmtechnologies / equipments for farmwomen’. Directorate of Research onWomen in Agriculture, Bhubaneswar:23-30.

Abstracts of paper published1. Babu, N., Kishore, K., Shukla, A.K. and

Tripathi, P.C. (2012). Coconut basedcropping model for improving livelihoodsecurity of farmwomen. GlobalConference on horticulture for foodnutrition and livelihood option,Bhubaneswar. Pp 21-22.

2. Kishore, K., Shukla, A. K., Babu, N. andsarangi, D.N. (2012) Does pollinationbiology of Ananas squamosa L(Annonaceae) give an indication ofpollination syndrome. FifthInternational symposium on tropicaland subtropical fruits, China. Pp 27.

3. K. Ponnusamy, Krishna Srinath,Ananta Sarkar and M.Prusty. 2013.Factors influencing employmentopportunities of farm graduates. 11th

Agricultural Science Congress during07-09, February 2013 at Bhubaneswarorganized by NAAS and OUAT.Abstract No. T6 10 P 91.

4. Kishore, K., Shukla, A.K., Mukherjee, A.,Patnaik, S. and Sarangi, D.N. (2012)Optimization of invitro propagation ofpineapple by direct organogenesis.Global Conference on horticulture forfood nutrition and livelihood option,Bhubaneswar. Pp 143.

5. Mishra, Sabita (2012) Abstract on“Household food habits of tribalwomen: A case study in Koraput districtof Odisha”, Global Conference onHorticulture for food, nutrition andlivelihood options at OUAT,Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India during 28-31, May, 2012, p.22.

6. Mishra, Sabita (2012) Abstract on “Stress ofWomen Agriculture Labourers and itsManagement”, International Conferenceon HWWE ERGO 2012: SAFETY FORALL at G. B. Pant University of Agricultureand Technology, Pantnagar,


Utterakhand, India during 6-8,December, 2012, pp. 149 – 150.

7. Mishra, Sabita, Dash, H. K., Ponnusamy,K. and Prusty, M. (2013) Abstract on“Assessment of Extension Needs ofGender in Agriculture and Alliedfields”, National Seminar on FutureAgricultural Extension for LivelihoodImprovement and SustainableDevelopment at ANGRAU, Hyderabad,AP, India during 19-21, January, 2013,pp.387 – 388.

8. Moharana.G and Nayak, J, Singh S.P.Workplace Layout for Cooking Place inRural Household of Central India, in theSouvenir of International Conference onHWWE’ 2012:159.

9. Nayk, J, Singh S.P and Moharana. G. RuralWomen’s Risk at Household, Farm andAnimal Rearing Work, in the Souvenirof International Conference on HWWE’2012:139.

10. Ponnusamy, K, Nagarajan, R and Nayak,J, 2012. Community Mobilization forEnhancing Water Productivity: Lessonsfrom Historical Perspective, Souvenir ofNational Conference on Water CrisisManagement under Changing Climate:18.

11. Ponnusamy, K., and Meenakshi, S, 2012.Public Private Partnership forSustainable Horticulture Farming:Scope and Limitations. GlobalConference on Horticulture for Food,Nutrition and Livelihood Options atOUAT, Bhubaneswar organised byASM Foundation, New Delhi andOUAT during 28-31 May 2012.Abstract No.TS2:P17, P.22-23.

12. Ponnusamy, K., Nagarajan R and JyotiNayak. 2012. Community mobilizationfor enhancing water productivity:Lessons from historical perspectivepresented in National Conference onWater Crisis Management Under

Changing sClimate during 16-17November 2012 at Bhubaneswarorganised by Gugly Centre forBiological Research, BhubaneswarAbstract No. S2-09 P 18-19.

13. Shukla, A. K., Kishore, K. and babu, N.(2012) Canopy management of oldguava trees in gender perspective.Global Conference on horticulture forfood nutrition and livelihood option,Bhubaneswar. Pp 184-185.

14. Singh, S P and Srinath, Krishna. 2012.Ergonomics and safety related issues ofwomen in farm mechanization. LeadPaper. Abstract & Souvenir ofInternational Conference on Ergo 2012:Safety for all & HWWE 2012, Collegeof Home Science, GBPUAT, Pantnagar,edited by Deepa Vinay and Anita Rani,21-32p.

15. Srivastava, S.K. (2012) Genderparticipatory agro-enterprises (plantprotection and environment) first leadpaper in Technical Session–IV.Proceedings and Recommendationsof 3rd National Symposium on eco-friendly approaches to pestmanagement for sustainable agricultureheld at Bhubaneswar on 24-25November 2012 , organised by Societyfor plant protection and environmentDepartment of Entomology OrissaUniversity of Agriculture andTechnology , bhubaneswar Orissa.p-10.

16. Srivastava, S.K., Naresh Babu, Arya,M.P.S. and Behera, B.C. (2012)Gender friendly pest managementtechniques in vegetables suitable forOrganic farming. Abstracts. GlobalConference on Horticulture for FoodNutrition and Livelihood Options,held on May 28-31, 2012 atBhubaneswar, Odisha, organised byASM Foundation, New Delhi andOUAT, Bhubaneswar


Books/ Technical Bulletin/ TrainingManual1. Agarwal, Suman; Srinath, Krishna; Sahoo,

K. and Panda, I. (2013). Technologiesfor Women in Agriculture (AICRP onHome science). Published by Director,Directorate of Research on Women inagriculture, Bhubaneswar.

2. Arya,M.P.S., Srivastava, S.K. and Singh,S.P. (2012) Gender issues in cropproduction and suitable technologies toreduce drudgery, Chapter inCompendium of lectures of ICARModel Training Course on Drudgeryreducing options for farm women toincrease their work efficiency andproductivity, held at Directorate ofResearch on Women in Agriculture,Bhubaneswar, Orissa, during01.11.2012 to 08.11.2012, publishedfrom DRWA, Bhubaneswar.86-97.

3. Babu, N. Tripathi, P.C., Kundan Kishore,Shukla, A. K., Krishna Srinath andSarangi, D.N. 2012 Horticulture basedcropping models for gendermainstreaming. Published byDirectorate of Research on Women inAgriculture, Bhubaneswar, Odisha,pp 1-30.

4. Kishore, K., Ponnusamy, K., Shukla, A.K.,Kumar, A. and Naik, J, (2012) Gendermainstreaming for resilient agriculture.Published by DRWA, Bhubaneswar, pp1-250.

5. Kishore, K., Singh, A., Shukla, A.K., Babu,N., Patnaik, S. and Sarangi, D.N. (2012)Phal aum sabji mulyabardhan aumprasansakaran (Hindi). Published byDRWA, Bhubaneswar, pp 1-16.

6. Mishra, Sabita (2012) ‘Income GeneratingTechnologies Suitable for Farm women’during Trainers Training for KVKSMS/Scientists on “DrudgeryReducing

7. Babu, Naresh. S.K.Srivastava, M P S Arya,A K Shukla, Krishna Srinath and D.N.Sarangi (2013) Gender friendly organicfarming technologies for vegetables.(Technical Bulletin No – 20) Directorateof Research on Women in Agriculture,(ICAR) Bhubaneswar, Odisha, pp.26.

8. Singh, Abha & Srinath, Krishna (2013). Lowcost weaning mix (baby food) forcombating malnutrition among ruralinfants in coastal Odisha. Tech. Bull.-21,Pp. 26.

9. Srivastava, S.K. (2012) Genderparticipatory agro-enterprises (plantprotection and environment) forsustainable agriculture. Souvenir.3rdNational symposium on Eco-friendlyapproaches to pest management forsustainable agriculture held on 24-25November 2012 at OUATBhubaneswar. 89-101.

10. Srivastava, S.K., Naresh Babu, Agarwal,Suman and Behera,B.C. (2013)Training manual on Gendermainstreaming in eco-friendly pestmanagement with special reference tostorage pest held at Directorate ofResearch on Women in Agriculture,Bhubaneswar, Orissa, during 20.2.2013to 23.2.2013, published by Director,DRWA, Bhubaneswar pp.132.

11. Ponnusamy, K. Two Training manualson Social Development in Watershedswere published during trainingprogramme organized at DRWA. Pp1-108.

12. Ponnusamy, K., Nayak, Jyoti and Sarkar,Ananta. 2012. Training Manual on‘Social Development in Watersheds forWMT (Social)’. DRWA, Bhubaneswar-751003. pp.107.

13. Singh, S P. 2012. Operator manual on‘DRWA Hand Operated MaizeDehusker-sheller’. 2012/1, DRWA,Bhubaneswar


Publications of AICRP on Home Science

i) Research articles1. Bains, S. and Kaur, R. (2013).

Comparison of whiteness index ofpesticide contaminated cotton and cottonpolyester. Global Research Analysis. 2 (3):83-84.

2. Banu, N (2012). Impact of interventionprogramme on the communication skillsof rural girls. Indian Psychological Review,78(1).

3. Byadgi, S.A., Mahale, G., Kotur, R.S. andVastrad, J.V. (2012). Natural dyes for silkfabrics. Proceedings of InternationalSymposium on Agricultural andEnvironment Pp: 66-68.

4. Chaudhary and Babel, S. (2012).Deterioration and conservation of textilesin Museums. Asian Journal of HomeScience, 7(2): 605-607.

5. Chawla, A. (2012). Family violencelinked to children’s height and weight,Asian Science, 7:1-4.

6. Chawla, A and Kang, T. (2012). Attitudetowards modernization : A gender study.Asian Journal of Home Science, 7: 220-222.

7. Chawla, A. and Singal, P. (2012). Impactof domestic violence on morphologicalprofile of girls ranging in age from 8 to16 years. Indian Journal of Sport Science andPhysical Education, 29-39.

14. Singh, S P., Arya, M P S, Nayak, J andSingh, Abha. 2012. Drudgery reducingfarm technologies/equipment for farmwomen. Trainers’ TrainingCompendium, DRWA, Bhubaneswar,1- 83.

15. Singh, S P., Nayak, J and Singh, Abha.2012. Drudgery reducing options forfarm women to increase their workefficiency & productivity.Compendium of Model TrainingCourse. DRWA (ICAR), Bhubaneswar1-164p.

16. Singh, S.P., Arya, M.P.S., Nayak, J., andSingh, A. (2012). Compendium onDrudgery reducing farm technologies/ equipments for farm women.Developed during Trainer’s trainingprogramme for KVK, SMS organized atDRWA, Bhubaneswar, during 11-15September, 2012. pp.84.

17. Singh, S.P., Nayak, J., and Singh, A.(2012). Compendium on Drudgeryreducing options for farm women toincrease their work efficiency &productivity. Developed during Modeltraining course organized at DRWA,Bhubaneswar, during 01-08 November,2012. pp.164.

Awards/ Recognitions1. Ponnusamy, K. received the Best Oral

Presentation Award for research paperentitled, “Community mobilization forenhancing water productivity: Lessonsfrom historical perspective” presentedin National Conference on Water CrisisManagement Under Changing Climateduring 16-17 November 2012 atBhubaneswar organised by GuglyCentre for Biological Research,Bhubaneswar.

2. Shukla, A.K was awarded theFellowship of Confederation ofHorticulture Association of India, NewDelhi on 31 May 2012.

3. Shukla, A.K was awarded the Fellowshipof Indian Society of HorticulturalResearch and Development,Uttrakhand on 31 May 2012.

4. Shukla, A.K invited as a Member of theEditorial board of the ProgressiveHorticulture.

5. Shukla, A.K worked as member of theRajasthan Horticulture DevelopmentPlan.


8. Chitagubbi, G. and Hasalkar, S. (2013).Working atmosphere in rural enterprisesand its effects of workers health.International Journal of Farm Science,3(1):176-185.

9. Deka M.B., Saikia, R.M. and Saikia, S. B.(2012). Comparative analysis of roleperformed by rural women of Assam inpost harvest management. AdvanceResearch Journal of Social Science, 3(1):10-13.

10. Deka, M.B, Saikia, R.M., Saikia, P. (2012).Micro-finance and functioning of womenSHG in Jorhat district of Assam,Agriculture Update, pp 372-375.

11. Deka, M.B., Saikia, P. and Saikia, R.M.(2012). Empowerment of womenthrough entrepreneurial development.Advance Research Journal of Social Science,3(2): 269-270.

12. Dhaka, P, Tiwari, G., Ahlawat, I. andSingh, D (2012). Stress management toachieve academic excellence. IndianPsychological Review, 78(2):67-74.

13. Dhanalaxmi, R.K., Vastrad, J.V., Pujari,M. and Bablad, H.B. (2012). Valueaddition to mesta fibres through wetprocessing. Proceedings of InternationalSymposium on Agricultural andEnvironment pp. 80-82.

14. Gahlot, M., Arya, A. and Singh, A.(2013). Hemp, a good textile fibre source.Textile Asia. 44 (1): 15-16.

15. Hasalkar, S., Chitagubbi, G. and Huilgol,S. (2012). Improved technologies forenhancing work performance of womenin agriculture. Proceedings ofInternational Symposium on Agricultureand Environment at University ofRuhuna, Mapalana, Srilanka, 29November.

16. Hasalkar, S., Uppar, Y., Chitagubbi, G.and Huilgol, S. (2012). Knowledge and

awareness of rural women on energysources. Journal of Human Ecology 40(10):95-99.

17. Hasalkar, S., Uppar, Y., Chitagubbi, G.and Huilgol, S. (2012). Waterconservation management and safedrinking water in rural areas. Journal ofHuman Ecology, 39(3):255-259.

18. Jain, S., Singh, V. and Chelawat, S. (2012).Chemical and physicochemical propertiesof horsegram (Macrotyloma uniflorune)and its product formulation. J. Dairying,Foods & H.S., 31(3): 184-190.

19. Kaur, D. and Gandotra, V. (2013). Designdevelopment of traditional embroiderymotifs in knitwear through computeraided designing. Asian Journal of H.Sc.7(2): 500-03.

20. Kaur, R. and Bains, S. (2012). Starchedfabric as protective cover for pesticideapplication. Asian J H Sc. 7 (2): 302 - 4.

21. Kaur, S., Sharma, S. and Sidhu, M. K.(2012). Gharelu Padhar Te Anaz DeSambh Sambal. Kheti Dunia. 30(25): 12.

22. Kishtwaria, J. and Rana, A. (2012).Ergonomic interventions in weedingoperations for drudgery reduction of hillfarm women of India. Work: MedlineJournal, Vol.41:4349-55.

23. Kishtwaria, J. and Rana, A. (2012).Intervention of gender friendly landpreparation technologies for drudgeryreduction of hill farm women. Work: MedlineJournal, MedLine Citation: Vol. 41: 4342-8.

24. Kotur, R., Mahale, G., Byadgi, S.A. andVastrad, J.V. (2012). Organic dyes forcotton fabrics. Proceedings ofInternational Symposium on Agriculturaland Environment Pp: 63-65.

25. Nagnur, S., Hosamani, V. and Shapur,A. (2012). Training on Organic farmingpractices for women – An impact study.


Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences,25(2):253-255.

26. Nagnur, S., Rayanagoudar, R. andYenagi, G. (2012). Assets created byNational Rural Employment GuaranteeScheme in Dharwad Taluka ofKarnataka. Advance Research Journal ofSocial Science,3(2):190-195.

27. Naik D., Zend J.P. and Revanwar M.(2012). Assessment of musculo-skeletalproblems of women entrepreneursperforming tailoring activity-drafting andcutting. Asian Jr. of Home Science, 7(2):461- 463.

28. Naik, D., Zend, J.P. and Revanwar, M.(2012). Postural analysis of theentrepreneurs while conducting tailoringactivity drafting and cutting. AsianJournal of Home Science, 7:2 pp 271- 274.ISSN: 0973-4732.

29. Pathania, R, Chopra, G. and Katoch,M. (2012). Impact of interventionprogramme on life skills of adolescentgirls in Kangra District of H.P.Himachal Journal of AgriculturalResearch 38(2): 118-121.

30. Promila, K. and Sharma, N. (2012).Rainwater harvesting using Khatri inHimachal Pradesh: A viable technique forwater conservation. Asian Agri History,16 (2): 205-209.

31. Rajkumari, Shukla, P. and Limbu, R.(2012). Nutritional quality, sensoryevaluation and storage of food based ironrich supplements. Asian Journal of HomeScience, 7 (2): 317-320.

32. Rajkumari, Shukla, P. and Pandey, U.(2012). Poi leaves – Uncommon greenleafy vegetable. Indian Farmer Digest, 45(1): 42&44.

33. Rana, B., Shukla, P. and Saini, P.(2012). Development of sprouted oat

flour and its incorporation in vada atdifferent levels, Beverage and FoodWorld, 39 (1): 59-60.

34. Rathore, H., Shukla, K., Singh, S andTiwari, G (2012). Shift work - problemand its impact on female nurses inUdaipur, Rajasthan India. Work: AJournal of Prevention, Assessment andRehabilitation, 41: 4302-4302.

35. Sannapapamma, K.J., Vastrad, J.V.,Manjula, S.M., and Patil, S.S. (2012).Prospects for naturally colour cottonblends. Proceedings of InternationalSymposium on Agricultural andEnvironment Pp: 248-251.

36. Shivalli, R., Chitagubbi, G. andDevendrappa, S. (2012). Perception ofvalues of present college youth towardsmarriage. International Journal of FarmScience, 2(1):153-158.

37. Sidhu, K (2012). Evaluation of aneducational media package, InternationalJournal of Educational Sciences, 4(1): 67-70.

38. Singh, P. and Tewari, P. (2013). Gain inknowledge through different Media. 5thWorld Conference on EducationalSciences organized by SAPIENZAUniversity of Rome, Italy, 5-8 February.

39. Singh, P., Tewari, P. and Yadav, R.(2013). Farming and related healthhazards. Indian Science Congress atUniversity of Calcutta, Kolkata, 3-7January.

40. Tiwari and Babel, S. (2013). Thermo-insulating technical textile from animalfiber. Textile Trends, (12):40-41.

41. Tiwari, M. and Babel. (2012). Causes ofmusculo-skeleton disorders in textileindustry. International Research Journal ofSocial Science, 1(4):48-50.

42. Tyagi, I. and Gahlot, M. (2012). Protectiveclothing for industrial workers. AsianTextile Journal. 21(9): 53-56.


43. Vastrad, J.V., Dhanalaxmi, R.K., Mahale,G. and Sannapapamma, K.J. (2012).Utilization of mesta fibres for textileapplications. Proceedings of InternationalSymposium on Agricultural andEnvironment, pp: 76-79.

ii) Research Abstract1. Tiwari, G. (2012). A comparative study

of relationship between self concept andacceptance towards death duringadolescence and old age. Abstract: inXXX International Conference ofPsychology, Cape Town (South Africa),pp 402.

2. Tiwari, G. (2012). Empowerment ofwomen in India through education andtraining. Abstract: In Regional ScienceCongress – Science for shaping the futureof India at The Maharaja SayajiraoUniversity of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujrat,15-16 September. 2012, pp 111.

3. Hasalkar, S., Chitagubbi, G. and Bailur,K. (2012), Validation of the improvedtechnologies for women in agriculture.Abstract: Proceedings of SecondInternational South East Asian Networkof Ergonomics Societies Conference atLangkawi Malayasia, 9-12 July.

4. Hasalkar, S., Chitagubbi, G. andHuilgol, S. (2012), Impact of technologyInterventions on Musculoskeletaldisorders among women inAgriculture, Abstract: In InternationalConference on Ergonomics and humanfactors at G.B.Pant University ofAgriculture and Technology, College ofHome Science, Pantanagar,Uttrakhand, 6-8 December.

5. Takhellambm, R. D., Bharti, P. andHasalkar, S. (2012). Evaluation of storagepractices of Tamarind in households ofrural and urban Dharwad. Abstract: In44th National Conference on Nutrition

Society of India at Department of HomeScience, Sri Venkateshwara University,Tirupathi, Andhra Pradesh. 16-17November.

6. Bal, S., P, Sandhu. And Sidhu, M. (2012)Role of women as decision makers withrespect to farm operations in Malwa beltof Punjab. Abstract: in National Seminaron Women and rural development: riticalIssues, 2-3 May.

7. Bal, S., Sharma, S. and Kaur, H. (2012).Adoption and satisfaction level ofdrudgery reducing tools among farmwomen of Ludhiana District. Abstract: InNational Seminar on Women and ruraldevelopment: Critical Issues on 2-3 May.

8. Kaur, H., Sharma, S. and Bal, S. (2012).Assessment of drudgery experience offarm women while using traditional andmodern tools. Abstract: in InternationalConference on HWWE “ERGO 2012:SAFETY FOR ALL” at College of HomeScience G.B .Pant University ofAgriculture and Technology Pantnagar,Uttarakhand, 6-8 December.

9. Bal, S. and Sharma, S. (2013). Ergonomicassessment of cotton picking activity withtraditional and mechanical methods.Abstract: in 16th Punjab Science Congressat Baba Farid University of HealthSciences, Faridkot, 7-9 February, pp:56.

10. Kishtwaria, J., Patel, S. and Rana, A.(2012). An ergonomic approach forimproving bamboo workers workstation.Abstract; In International Conference onHWWE at GBPUA&T, Pantnagar, 12-14December. pp : 162.

11. Kishtwaria, J., Katoch, A., Rana, A. andDadwal, M. (2012). Household tourism- As an enterprise in Himachal Pradesh.Abstract: In Souvenir National Seminaron Indian Agriculture: PresentSituation, Challenges, Remedies and


Road Map at CSKHPKV, Palampur, 4-5 August, pp : 116.

12. Deka, M. B., Saikia, R M. and Saikia, P.(2012). Micro-finance and functioning ofwomen SHG in Jorhat district of Assam.Abstract: In Souvenir-cum-abstract ofUGC sponsored National Seminar onWomen empowerment for ruraldevelopment at Bahona College, Jorhat,10 -11 August, pp.60.

13. Singh, P. and Tewari, P. (2012).Livelihood security of farm familiesthrough efficient utilization of farmwaste. Abstract: In InternationalConference on Extension Education in theperspective of advances in NaturalResource Management in Agricultureorganized by Bikaner University ofAgriculture, 19-21 December.

14. Singh, P., Tewari, P. and Yadav. R.(2012). Role of hill women in attainingfood security. Abstract: in InternationalSymposium on Agriculturalcommunication and sustainable ruraldevelopment from information toknowledge to wisdom – Envisioning afood sovereign world in the ThirdMillennium organized by Directorate ofAgricultural Communication,G.B.P.U.A.& T., Pantnagar, 23-25November.

15. Singh, P., Tewari, P. and Yadav. R.(2012). Health hazards associated withpesticide application. Abstract: InInternational Symposium on Agriculturalcommunication and sustainable ruraldevelopment from information toknowledge to wisdom – Envisioning afood sovereign world in the ThirdMillennium organized by Directorate ofAgricultural Communication,G.B.P.U.A.&T., Pantnagar, 23-25November.

16. Singh, P., Tewari, P. and Yadav. R.(2012). Water crisis in India and itsmanagement. Abstract: In NationalConference on Water crisis managementunder changing climate organized byGugly Centre for Biological Research,Bhubaneswar from 16-17 December.

17. Shet, S., Chimmad, B. and Nagnur, S.(2012). Abstract of 44th NationalConference on Current Trends in FoodSecurity to meet Nutritional Challengeson Impact of nutrition education inawareness creation about the significanceof omega 3 Fatty Acid in health amongUrban Women, Organized by NSITirupati Chapter.

18. Saikia. P, Deka M.B., Saikia R.M., (2012).Gender roles in livestock Management: Astudy of Assam. Abstract: in Souvenir-cum-abstract of UGC sponsored NationalSeminar on changing perspectives of thesocio economic condition of the ruralwomen of India and measures forupliftment of their status with specialreference to North Eastern Region atDKD College, Golaghat during 2nd & 3rd

November, pp 50.

19. Saikia, R.M., Deka M.B. and Saikia P.,(2012). Impact of homestead gardeningon Household food security andempowerment of women in Assam.Abstract: in Souvenir-cum-abstract ofUGC sponsored National Seminar onchanging perspectives of the socioeconomic condition of the rural womenof India and measures for upliftment oftheir status with special reference toNorth Eastern Region at DKD College,Golaghat on 2nd & 3rd November, pp. 70.

20. Dhanalaxmi, R.K., Vastrad, J.V., Mahale,G., Goudar, G., Byadgi, S.A., and Kotur,R. (2013). Phytochemical constituents ofjamun (Syzygium cumini) leaf. Abstract:In Fifth International Symposium on


Human health effects of fruits andvegetables at University of AgriculturalSciences, Dharwad and ICC Goa, 7-8January, pp 183.

21. Mahale G., Kotur, R.S., Byadgi, S.A. andVastrad, J.V. (2013). Capacity building ofrural women through income generatingactivities. Abstracts: In National seminaron gender disparity – a challenge in the21st century held at S.C.P. arts and D.D.S.commerce college, Mahalingpur from 15-16 February, pp 27.

22. Saini P., Punia, P., Pruthi, N. and Singh,V. (2013). Microbial resistance throughKaranja extracts for healthy life: Areview. Abstract: Souvenir in NationalSeminar on Lifestyle changes: A nationalchallenge at Guru Nanak Girls College,Santpura, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana.

23. Vastrad, J.V., Byadgi, S.A., Dhanalaxmi,R.K., Goudar, G. and Kotur, R. (2013).Phytochemical screening of Indiangooseberry (Emblica officinalis) leaves.Abstracts: Fifth International Symposiumon Human health effects of fruits andvegetables at University of AgriculturalSciences, Dharwad and ICC Goa from 7-8 January, pp 53.

24. Pant, S., Singh, A. and Gahlot, M. (2012).Conventional handicrafts fromunconventional fibres. Proceedings ofNational Seminar on Role of HomeScience in development of communityand nation at Mahila Mahavidyalaya,Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi,U.P, 2-3 November.

25. Singh, A. and Gahlot, M. (2012). Designerhandloom furnishing fabrics of Hemp :An approach for rural development.Abstract: In International Symposium onAgricultural communication andsustainable rural development: Fromknowledge to wisdom- envisioning a

food sovereign world in the thirdmillennium at GBPUAT, Pantnagar, 22-23 November. p. 202.

26. Singh, A. and Gahlot, M. (2012).Fabrication of Hemp furnishing: Anincome generating path for women folkof Uttarakhand. Abstract: In proceedingsof 7th Uttarakhand State Science &Technology Congress at Graphic Era,Dehradun, 21-23 November. p 197.

27. Joshi, J., Singh, A. and Gahlot, M.(2012). Designing of chemical protectiveapron for pesticide applicators. Abstract:In proceedings of InternationalConference on Ergonomics and humanfactors ergo 2012: Safety at College ofHome Science, GBPUAT, Pantnagar, 6-8December, p 181.

28. Tyagi, I. and Gahlot, M. (2012). Designingprotective clothing for pesticideapplicators. Abstract : In proceedings ofInternational Conference on Ergonomicsand human factors ergo 2012: Safety atCollege of Home Science, GBPUAT,Pantnagar, 6-8 December, p.179

Popular articles1. Bains, S. and Kaur, R. (2012). Precautions

while washing pesticide contaminatedclothes, Changi Kheti, 15 (6) : 15.

2. Bakhshi, R., Sharma, S and Bal, S. (2012).Drying and preserving flowers for decorativeuse. Progressive Farming, pp. 10-12.

3. Bal, S. K., Sharma, S. and Sidhu, M. K.(2012). Gharalu padhar te anag de sambsambal. Changi Kheti. pp: 15-17.

4. Banu, N. (2012). Communicating withchildren Navinavidya educationalmagazine, 5(2): 26-27.

5. Banu, N. (2012). Communicating withteenagers, JCI Hyderabad TrendsMagazine, 2: 6-7.


6. Banu, N. (2012). Creating playenvironment for young children.Navinavidya educational magazine, 7 (2): 28.

7. Banu, N. (2012). Life skills. Navinavidyaeducational magazine, 8(3): 22-24.

8. Banu, N. (2012). Managing emotions inchildren. Navinavidya educationalmagazine, 5(2) : 26-27.

9. Banu, N. (2013). Self awareness, Navinavidyaeducational magazine, 9(3): 15-17.

10. Bhalerao, V. and Shaikh, R. (2013). AsePatle Bal Vikas Kendrache Mahatva,Shetibhati, p.14-15.

11. Chopra, G., Sharma, S., Pathania, R. andKatoch, M. (2012). Kya aapka bachhaanemic hai? Vishvadhyanadhar, 4(2).

12. Khan, T. N., Nalwade, V.M. andGaikwad, P. (2013). BahuguniKadipattaa, Sheti bhati, MahilaVisheshanka.

13. Nalwade, V.M., Khan, T. N. andUmrikar, S. (2013). Garbhavasta vaAaha, Sheti bhati, Mahila Visheshanka,

14. Raj, P., Goldy, C. and Katoch, M. (2013).The manners little angels should know,Himachal Reporter, XIV (7): 2.

15. Revanwar, M. (2012). Gathodeanubhavanche, Interaction, CollegeMagazine, pp 120-121.

16. Revanwar, M., Zend, J. andAdmankar, S. (2013). Bochare Kate,Shetibhati, pp 38-39.

17. Sidhu, M. K., Bal, S. and Sharma, S.(2012). Household grain storagepractices. Progressive Farming. pp. 16-17.

18. Thakur, S. and Kanwar, P. (2012) Whyto use soybean in daily diet. HimachalReporter.

19. Yenagi, G. and Nagnur, S. (2012).Aadaya taruva halasu samyuktaKarnataka. A daily News Paper.

20. Zend, J. (2012). Surya chul tantra,Indhan Bachticha Mantra. Interaction,College Magazine, pp 116-117.

21. Zend, J. (2013). Revolving milking stooland stand. Dainik Agro won, p.8.

22. Zend, J. and Revanwar, M. (2013).Kabadkasta ani Mahila, Shetibhati, pp27-29.

Folder

1.Deka, M.B., Saikia, P. and Saikia, R.M.(2012). Unnat aru bighansanmat ahilabyabohar kori randhanisalar kosta laghabkorar upai (drudgery reduction throughuse of improved and scientific tools inkitchen) in Assamese.

2.Zend, J.P. and Revanwar, M.S. (2013).MKV Tailoring Table.

3. Bal, S. and Sharma, S. (2013). Cottonpicker.

4. Kishtwaria, J., Rana, A. and Dadwal, M.(2013). Ghaas kutrne ka yantra : FodderChopper.

5. Kishtwaria, J., Rana, A. and Dadwal, M.(2013). Gudayi karne ka naveen yantra:Medium Hoe.

6. Kishtwaria, J. and Rana, A. (2012). Chaiipatti todne ki saral taknikain (part I).

7. Kishtwaria, J. and Rana, A. (2012). Chaiipatti todne ki saral taknikain (part II).

8. Kishtwaria, J. and Rana, A. (2012). Ghaasuthane ka yantra.

9. Kishtwaria, J. and Rana, A. (2012). Aaloonikalne ka yantra.

10. Kishtwaria, J. and Rana, A. (2012).Ergonomic Interventions – A boon tobamboo craft workers.

Paper presented at National/ InternationalConference/ Seminar/ Symposium

1. Chawla, A. (2012). Creating creativityconducive classroom for young learner.


Paper presented at EDUCON-2012(World Conference of GERA) on Shapingof future classroom : A Global perspectiveat Lovely Professional University,Phagwara, 6-8 April.

2. Chawla, A. (2012). Impact of interventionprogramme on Status of mental healthamong rural adolescent girls. Paperpresented at the National Seminar onWomen and rural development : Criticalissues at Punjab Agricultural University,Ludhiana, 2-3 May.

3. Chawla, A (2012). Impact of domesticviolence on morphological profile of girlsranging in age from 8 to 16 years. Paperpresented at International Conference onWomen, Peace and Security at PunjabiUniversity, Patiala, 26-27 October.

4. Gaikwad, N.B., Shaikh R.M and Shinde P.P(2013). Effects of agriculture baseeducational intervention on rural schoolstudents. Paper Presented at AGRESCO2013 on Awareness and attitudes towardagriculture.

5. Tiwari, G. (2012). A comparative study ofrelationship between self concept andacceptance towards death duringadolescence and old age. Presented posterin XXX International Conference ofPsychology, Cape Town (South Africa).

6. Ahlawat, I., Tiwari, G. and Dhaka, P.(2012). Empowerment of rural adolescentgirls: Need of today. Presented a paperat National Seminar on Womenempowerment : A challenge of 21st

Century, RMV, Udaipur.

7. Pathania, R. and Chopra, G. (2012).Enhancement of life skills of Adolescentgirls though intervention. Paperpresented at International Conference onLife skill education at Karamveer BhauraoPatil College, Mumbai, 7-9 December.

8. Pathania, R. (2012). Empowerment ofadolescent girls through life skilleducation. Presented paper at NationalSeminar on Indian agriculture : Presentsituation, challenges, remedies and roadmap by Youth for SustainableDevelopment and CSK HimachalPradesh Agricultural University,Palampur, 4-5 August.

9. Pathania, R. (2013). Reproductive andsexual risk behaviour among marriedyoung women. Presented paper at 2nd

international Conference on Psychologyand allied science, Guru JambheshwarUniversity of Science and TechnologyHisar, 21-22 March.

10. Deka M.B. (2012). Empowerment ofwomen through participation, presentedkey note paper in the National Seminaron Changing perspectives of the socio-economic condition of the rural womenof India and measures for upliftment oftheir status with special reference toNorth Eastern Region at DKD College,Golaghat, 2nd & 3rd November.

11.Zend, J. (2012). (Title of paper)participated and presented researchpaper in 10th ISE & 8th HWWE anInternational Conference on ‘Safety forall’ at G.B. Pant University of Agriculture& Technology, Pantnagar, 6-8 December.

12.Singh, P. and Tewari, P. (2013).Traditional uses of medicinal andaromatic plants in Uttarakhand. Paperpresented and participated at Asian AgriHistory Foundation: UttarakhandChapter at Pantnagar, 19 February.

13.Kamala, T. S. (2013). Effectiveness of pro-poor initiatives for empowerment of SC& ST women in Andhra Pradesh : A pilotstudy of SAARC Countries. Paperpresented and attended National Seminaron Development of Scheduled Castes


and Scheduled Tribes : Opportunities,Achievements and Challenges atNational Institute of Rural Developmentat Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 9-11January.

14.Dr. T. Sarah Kamala (2013). AddressingPoverty by Empowering Rural WomenSHGs through Pro-poor Initiatives: Studyof the Project Initiated by UNDP. Paperpresented and attended National Seminaron Millennium Development goals forRural Development, at National Instituteof Rural Development at Rajendranagar,Hyderabad, 18-20 February.

Book Published1. Gaytri Tiwari (2012). Dimensions of

personality, published by HimanshuPublications, Udaipur.

2. Gaytri Tiwari (2012). Educationalpsychology for extension personnel,Published by Agrotech PublishingAcademy, Udaipur

Book EditedDharm Singh, Naveen Choudhary, Y.C

Bhatt, Poonam Dhaka, Kalpana Jain,Amit Joshi, All India Seminar onInformation and CommunicationTechnology for Integrated RuralDevelopment, Himanshu Publications,New Delhi pp 13-20, 2012.

Book Chapter1. G. Tiwari, (2012). Impact of male

migration on the status of rural womenin Southern Rajasthan. GenderEmpowerment: 2012 Choices andChances. Eds. L.Chauhan, JayshreeSingh, Dolly Gandhi. (Page no)

2. Pratibha Singh, Poonam Tewari andReeta Yadav (2012). Role andresponsibility of women in agriculture inUttarakhand : Work profile of ruralwomen. In Climate change and

agriculture, Discovery Publishing HousePvt. Ltd., New Delhi. p.

3. Pratibha Singh and Poonam Tewari(2012). Empowerment of Rural Women- A need of the hour. Shaping a drudgery-free world : Concern of Food, Education,Sovereignty and Happiness, VivekanandSwadhyay Mandal, GBPUAT,Pantnagar.

4. Promila Kanwar (2012). Inter-genderanalysis of dairy farming in HimachalPradesh, In Gender Analysis inAgriculture: Grass root realities. Eds. InduGrover and Pushpita Das, published bySupriya Books, New Delhi. pp. 133-147.

Pamphlets1. Rani, P., Pruthi, N., Singh, S S Jeet, Yadav,

S. (2013). Keetnashak sambandhit karyakarne vale pursho ke liye surkshatmakvastar (In Hindi): Deptt. of Textile andApparel Designing, College of HomeScience CCSHAU Hisar.

2. Rani, P., Pruthi, N., Singh, S S Jeet andMakkar, P (year). Threshing Karne ValePursho Ke Liye Surakshatmak Vastra (InHindi): Deptt. of Textile and ApparelDesigning, College of Home Science,CCSHAU Hisar.

3. Rani, P., Pruthi, N., Singh, S. Jeet S.,Makkar, P. (year). Threshing karne valimahilaon ke liye surakshatmak vastra (InHindi), Deptt. of Textile and ApparelDesigning, College of Home Science,CCSHAU Hisar.

Radio TalksDr. Shobha Nagnur talked on Medicinalvalue of Turmeric and ginger, Broadcastedon 25 May 2012 at AIR, Dharwad

TV talks:

Promila Kanwar Chat show on Womenin Agriculture, relayed at DoordarshanShimla on 25 May, 2012.


Promila Kanwar Chat show on WomenEmpowerment relayed at Doordarshan,Shimla on 30 September 2012.

Awards and RecognitionDr Jatinder Kishtwaria, A. Rana and N.Vyas won third prize in posterpresentation on Involvement of hill farmwomen in paddy transplantation in theNational Seminar on Women and RuralDevelopment: Critical Issues at PAULudhiana, 2-3 May 2012.

Promila Kanwar, Acted as a team leaderof scientists and Chaired a session onInternational Conference on ClimateChange, 12-2-2013 at University ofAgricultural Sciences, Faisalabad,Pakistan, 11-13 February, 2013.

Dr. Sapna Gautam has received bestposter award during National seminar onIndian Agriculture: Present situation,challenges, remedies and Road map atCSKHPKV Palampur, 4-5 Aug 2012.

Dr Suman Singh, Dr Hemu Rathore andCharu Sharma received Best PaperAward on Alleviating drudgery andenhancing environmental sanitationthrough technology interventions inAnimal Husbandry, in Regional Science

Congress on Science for shaping thefuture on India jointly organized by M.S.University of Baroda and Indian ScienceCongress association, Vadodara Chapter,15-16 September, 2012.

Dr Suman Singh, Dr Hemu Rathore andCharu Sharma received Best PosterPresentation Award on Feasibilityassessment of improved technologies forpost harvest activity of groundnut cropof Indian farm women, in RegionalScience Congress on Science for shapingthe future on India, jointly organized byM.S. University of Baroda and IndianScience Congress Association, VadodaraChapter, 15-16 September, 2012.

Dr. Juri Baruah, Technical Coordinatorwas invited by India Sri LankaFoundation to conduct sessions in aWorkshop on Drama Therapy organizedby Theatre Institute of DisabilityOriented Research and Advocacy(THIDORA) at Colombo and Jaffnafrom 3-9 October, 2012.

Jatinder Kishtwaria awarded HimachalExcellence Award, for her remarkableperformance as a Scientist by DivyaHimachal Society/ group ofnewspapers.


7. TRAINING PROGRAMME


1. Scientists participated in GlobalConference on Horticulture for Food,Nutrition and Livelihood Options atOUAT, Bhubaneswar organized by ASMFoundation, New Delhi and OUATduring 28-31 May 2012:

K. PonnusamyKundan KishoreShukla, A.K.Sabita MihraS.K. Srivastava

2. Scientists attended Internationalconference on HWWE “ ERGO 2012:Safety for all” during 6-8 December,2012 at GBPUA&T, Pantnagar:

Gayatri Moharana

Jyoti Nayak

S. P. Singh

3. Scientists participated in the XIAgricultural Science Congress‘Agriculture Education: Shaping India’sFuture’, held at OUAT, Bhubaneswarfrom 7-9 Feb. 2013, organized by NationalAcademy of Agricultural Sciences, NewDelhi:

Suman AgarwalAnanta SarkarGayatri MoharanaJyoti NayakK. PonnusamyKundan KishoreS. P. SinghShukla, A.K.

4. Suman Agarwal participated in theOrientation programme for seniorofficials on ISO 9001- 2008 held at

8. Participation in Conferences/Symposia/Seminars/Workshop

DRWA, on 12-13 March 2013.

5. Suman Agarwal represented DRWA inthe International Symposium onSustainable Rice production andLivelihood security: Challenges &Opportunities, held at CRRI, Cuttack, on2nd March, 2013, organized byAssociation of Rice research workers.

6. Ananta Sarkar participated in theexhibition during ‘National Convention- The Next Frontier of Agri-Business andTechnology’ organized by IndustrialExhibition Bureau, Government ofGujarat in coordination withConfederation of Indian Industry (CII) atMahatma Mandir, Gandhinagar, Gujaratduring September 03-06, 2012.

7. Jyoti Nayak and Gayatri Moharanaparticipated in a brainstorming sessionon “Water policy- Issues and strategiesfor future”, organized at DWM,Bhubaneswar on 12th May 2012.

8. Gayatri Moharana, Jyoti Nayak andKundan Kishore attended a stakeholdersmeeting to prepare a roadmap forresearch in urban waste watermanagement for safe use in agricultureunder the Indo European joint researchproject “Reuse options for marginalquality water in urban and peri-urbanagriculture and allied services”organized at DWM, Bhubaneswar on30th August 2012.

9. Gayatri Moharana and Tanuja S.participated in the Summer School on“Gender Mainstreaming for ResilientAgriculture from 18th July, 2012 to 7th

August 2012 organized at DRWA,Bhubaneswar.


10. Jyoti Nayak attended Agribusiness Camporganized by Zonal TechnologyManagement- Business Planning andDevelopment unit, NIRJAFT, Kolkata inassociation with agribusiness incubation,ICRISAT, Hyderabad at Kolkata onMarch 18, 2013.

11. Jyoti Nayak and Gita Saha attendedtraining programme in GenderMainstreaming in Eco-friendly PestManagement with Special reference tostorage Pest at DRWA on 20-23 February,2013.

12. Suman Agarwal, Jyoti Nayak, GayatriMoharana and Kundan Kishoreattended XX Biennial workshop ofAICRP of Home Science held at collegeof Rural Home Science, University ofagricultural Sciences, Dharwad, andKarnataka on January 29-30, 2013.

13. K. Ponnusamy participated in 7th

National KVK Conference at PAU,Ludhiana during 20-22, November 2012

14. K. Ponnusamy participated in AnnualGeneral Body meeting of Society forManagement of Information Learningand Extension (SMILE) at VOTI,Bhubaneswar on 29.09.2012.

15. K. Ponnusamy participated in Launchingof Expert Systems of Network Project onDevelopment of Crop and AnimalEnterprises on 25.01.2013 at ZPD-8,Bangalore.

16. K. Ponnusamy participated in NationalConference on Water Crisis ManagementUnder Changing Climate during 16-17November 2012 at Bhubaneswarorganised by Gugly Centre for BiologicalResearch, Bhubaneswar

17. K. Ponnusamy participated in NationalConvention-The Next Frontier of AgriBusiness and Technology at

Gandhinagar, Gujarat during 03.09.2012to 04.09.2012

18. K. Ponnusamy participated in NationalWorkshop on Recent Trends in ImpactAssessment and Best Practices at CIFAorganised by Association ofAquaculturists and CIFA during 12-13December 2012 at CIFA, Bhubaneswar.

19. K. Ponnusamy participated in NationalWorkshop on Urban and Peri-urbanHorticulture at Bangalore organised byCHAI, New Delhi on 02.03.2013

20. K. Ponnusamy participated in State LevelExtension Council Meeting at OUAT on17.05.2012

21. K. Ponnusamy participated in Workshopon Exploring Potential Technologies forMarginalised districts of Odisha atBhubaneswar on 29.01.2013 organised byIFPRI, New Delhi

22. K. Ponnusamy participated in XIX ZonalWorkshop of KVKs of Zone-VII, ICAR atJagdalpur in Bastar district ofChhattishgarh during 4-6 May 2012.

23. Kundan Kishore participated inInternational symposium on tropical andsubtropical fruits held on June 18-20 inGuangzhou, China

24. S. P. Singh attended Lead paperpresentation in International Conferenceon Ergo 2012: Safety for all- HWWE 2012’on December 8, 2012 at College of HomeScience, GBPUAT, Pantnagar.

25. S. P. Singh was present as Co-chairmanof Technical Session III B on ‘Agriculture& Ergonomics’ in InternationalConference on Ergo 2012: Safety for all-HWWE 2012’ on December 8, 2012 atCollege of Home Science, GBPUAT,Pantnagar.

26. Sabita Mishra attended The FoundationDay, 23rd April, 2012, CRRI, Cuttack.


27. Sabita Mishra participated in RACmeeting at Door Darshan Kendra,Bhubaneswar on 14.6.2012

28. Sabita Mishra participated inStakeholders Meet at CRRI, Cuttack from30-31, July, 2012

29. Sabita Mishra participated inStakeholders Meet at DRWA,Bhubaneswar on 8.9. 2012

30. A.K. Shukla attended MDP Workshop onPolicy and Prioritization, monitoring andEvaluation (PME) Support to Consortia-based Research in Agriculture from 11-17 September, 2012 at NAARM,Hyderabad.

31. A.K. Shukla attended NationalWorkshop on “Foresight and FuturePathways of Agricultural Researchthrough Youth in India from 01.03.13 to02.03.13.

32. S.K. Srivastava (2012)Genderparticipatory agro-enterprises (plantprotection and environment) forsustainable agriculture (Leadpaper).Souvenir. National symposiumon Eco-friendly approaches to pestmanagement for sustainable agricultureheld on 24-25 November 2012 at OUATBhubaneswar. 89-101.

33. S.K. Srivastava participated in 3rd

National Symposium on eco-friendlyapproaches to pest management forsustainable agriculture held atBhubaneswar on 24-25 November 2012,organised by Society for plant protectionand environment Department ofEntomology Orissa University ofAgriculture and Technology,bhubaneswar Orissa.

34. S.K. Srivastava participated in GlobalConference on Horticulture for FoodNutrition and Livelihood Options, heldat Bhubaneswar, Odisha on 28-31 May,

2012, organised by ASM Foundation,New Delhi and OUAT, Bhubaneswar.

35. The progress report of ITMU of DRWA,Bhubaneswar was presented in theAgribusiness Camp organized by ZonalTechnology Management- BusinessPlanning and Development Unit,NIRJAFT, Kolkata, 18 March’2013.

Workshop/ Training / Demonstrations/Awareness programme organized1. Dr. Shobha Nagnur organized XX

Biennial Workshop on Home Science on29-30 January 2013, at University ofAgricultural Sciences, Dharwad

2. Promila Kanwar organized Awarenesscamp on health issues at Gankhetarvillage on 24 May 2012.

3. Promila Kanwar organized Awarenesscamp on activities of mahila mandals atvillage Banuri.

4. Promila Kanwar organizedDemonstration on Tofu making at Banurivillage on 4 July 2012.

5. Dr. M.B. Deka organized training onVermicompost at the Department ofExtension Education, 29 - 30 September 2012.

6. Dr. M.B. Deka organized training onOrganic farming through application ofbiofertilizer at Konhar Gaon villageAssam, 11 March 2013.

7. Dr.M.S.Chaitanya Kumari, conductedawareness campaigns in the field formobilisation of rural farm women fororganising orientation programme inBakaram and Nagireddiguda, 17 & 18July 2012.

8. Dr.T.Sarah Kamala organiseddemonstrations on Herbal bath powderand herbal shampoo, pain balm, Facepack to adolescent and young womenwith resource person at village Bakaram,18 December 2012.


Meetings Attended by the Director

Dr. Krishna Srinath

1. Meeting chaired by DDG (AE) tofinalize the EFC of DRWA for XII ofDRWA at New Delhi, 30 April, 2012.

2. Meeting chaired by Executive Secretary,APAARI to review the first draftversion of Synthesis Report andproceedings and recommendations ofGCWA at TASS , New Delhi, 01 May,2012.

3. Meeting chaired by DG, ICAR inconnection with Finalization of EFC ofDRWA for XII Plan and pre-meetingwork at New Delhi, 8-11 May, 2012.

4. As guest of honour, the meeting on theeve of Regional Golden JubileeCelebration at KVK, OUAT G.Udayagiri, Kandhamal and also visitedthe DRWA Network projects sites atvillages of Kandhamal at KandhamalOdisha, 05 June, 2012.

5. Policy dialogue on Prioritizing demand-driven agricultural research fordevelopment in South Asia at NewDelhi, 02 July, 2012.

6. Regional priority-setting workshop forthe CGIAR Research Programme onPolicies, institutions and markets tostrengthen Food security and income forrural poor at New Delhi, 03 July, 2012.

7. 21st Meeting of the Regional Committeeof Zone II at NAARM, Hyderabad, 19-20 July, 2012.

8. Visited AICRP Centre and theprogramme village at ANGRAU,Hyderabad, 21 July, 2012.

9. ASRB work as DG’s nominee at NewDelhi, 23 July, 2012.

10. Work related to GCWA proceedings at

New Delhi, 24 July, 2012.

11. Knowledge Meet called by DirectorGeneral, ICAR at New Delhi, 21-22August, 2012.

12. Finalization of Proceedings of GCWAwith DDG (AE) at New Delhi, 05September, 2012

13. Meeting of the Tenure RenewalCommittee at New Delhi, 6 September,2012.

14. Delivered a lecture on Engenderingagricultural research at the 96thFoundation Course for AgriculturalResearch Service (FOCARS-96) atNAARM, Hyderabad, 17 September,2012.

15. Selection committee meeting forconsidering the assessment proposals ofSenior Scientists submitted by DRWAunder the revised CAS at ASRB, NewDelhi, 20 September, 2012.

16. Selection committee meeting forconsidering the assessment proposals ofSenior Scientists submitted by DRWAunder the revised CAS at ASRB, NewDelhi, 25 September, 2012.

17. Workshop on Defining the Role ofWomen Scientists and Teachers inPromotion and Application of Scienceand Technology at NASI, Allahabad, 5-6 October, 2012.

18. Selection committee meeting at ASRB,New Delhi, 16 October, 2012

19. Global Conference on AgriculturalResearch for Development (GCARD2012) at Punta del Este, Uruguay, 29October – 01 November, 2012

20. CABI south Asia-India-mobile


telephony-Brainstorming session atCABI office, NASC Complex, Pusa,New Delhi, 06 November, 2012.

21. QRT Consultation Meeting at NAARM,Hyderabad, 15 November, 2012.

22. 7th National Conference on KVK-2012at Punjab Agricultural University,Ludhiana, put up exhibition stall andinteracted with AICRP coordinatingunits, 20 November, 2012.

23. 3rd International Agronomy Congressat New Delhi and Chaired the Sessionon Agricultural Innovations for genderempowerment, 28 November, 2012.

24. Gave special lecture on gender andfisheries in the Global symposium atMangalore, 3-4 December, 2012.

25. Meeting of AICRP on Home Sciencecalled by DG, ICAR at NBPGRAuditorium, New Delhi, 5-6 December,2012.

26. EFC meeting at SMD, New Delhi, 3-4

January, 2013.

27. Launching of Expert Systems onAgriculture and Animal HusbandryEnterprises at Zonal ProjectDirectorate, Zone- VIII, Bengaluru, 25January, 2013

28. Conducted the Biennial Workshop ofAICRP on Home Science at UAS,Dharwad, 29-30 January, 2013.

29. An urgent meeting called by DDG(AE), ICAR at New Delhi, 04 February,2013.

30. Meeting on Divisional matters at NewDelhi, 25 February, 2013

Dr M.P.S. Arya

31. Meeting of Head of the Division calledby DG, ICAR at New Delhi, 17-18March, 2013

32. Directors’ Conference meeting at NewDelhi, 19-20 March, 2013


9. RESEARCH PROJECTS - 2012-13


10. PERSONNEL

AppoinmentDr. Ananta Sarkar joined as Senior Scientist (Agricultural Statistics) on 27th April 2012 .TransferShri S. S. Verma, Private Secretary (on deputation) was transfered to his parent departmenti. e. ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna on 10th July 2012.RetirementDr. (Mrs.) Krishna Srinath, Director retired on 28th February 2013.

(indian council of agricultural research)icar-ciwa.org.in/pdf/annual reports/drwa ar 2012-13.pdf ·...

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