indian artist

8/9/2019 Indian Artist

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NAME- DIVYA KARUNAKAR SHETTYSTD- 8

TH

DIV- C

ROLL NO.- 29


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INDIAN ARTIST

M.F. Husain

M.F. Husain

Birth name Maqbool Fida Husain

Born17 September 1915 (age 94)

Pandharpur, Maharashtra, India

Nationality Qatar

Field Painting, Drawing

Training Sir J. J. School of Art

Maqbool Fida Husain, (born September 17, 1915, Pandharpur, Maharashtra, India) popularlyknown as M F Husain, is an artist of Indian origin, and has produced a large collection of worksover a career spanning seven decades.

According to Forbes magazine, he has been called the "Picasso of India. After a long,successful career his work suddenly became controversial in 1996, when he was 81 years old,following the publication of an article about nude images of Hindu deities painted in the 1970s.Following death threats and legal actions, Husain ran away. There were 1,250 cases pendingagainst him all over India. But all were squashed aside and only 3 of them are remaining. InJanuary, 2010 he was offered citizenship of Qatar, which he accepted, thus relinquishing his


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Indian citizenship (As the constitution of India does not allow dual citizenship). With thisdevelopment, Husain may not face trial for his alleged crimes in India.

Personal life and education

Husain comes from a Sulaimaani Bohra Indian family. His mother died when he was one and ahalf years old. His father remarried and moved to Indore, where Husain went to school. In 1935,he moved to Mumbai and was admitted to the Sir J. J. School of Art.

He started off by painting cinema hoardings.

Career

1940-1965

Husain first became well-known as an artist in the late 1940s. In 1947, he joined the ProgressiveArtists' Group, founded by Francis Newton Souza. This was a clique of young artists who wishedto break with the nationalist traditions established by the Bengal school of art and to encouragean Indian avant-garde, engaged at an international level. In 1952, his first solo exhibition washeld at Zrich and over the next few years, his work was widely seen in Europe and U.S.. In1955, he was awarded the prestigious Padma Shree prize by the Government of India.

1965-1990

In 1967, he made his first film, Through the Eyes of a Painter. It was shown at the Berlin FilmFestival and won a Golden Bear

M. F. Husain was a special invitee along with Pablo Picasso at the Sao Paulo Biennial in 1971.He has been awarded the Padma Bhushan in 1973 and was nominated to the Rajya Sabha in1986. He was awarded the Padma Vibhushan in 1991.

1990-present

Husain went on to become the highest paid painter in India. His single canvases have fetched upto $2 million at a recent Christie's auction.

He has also worked (produced & directed) on few movies, including Gaja Gamini (with his

muse Madhuri Dixit who was the subject of a series of his paintings which he signed Fida). Thefilm was intended as a tribute to Ms. Dixit herself. In this film she can be seen portraying variousforms and manifestations of womanhood including the muse of Kalidasa, the Mona Lisa, a rebel,and musical euphoria. He went on to make Meenaxi: A Tale of Three Cities (with Tabu). Hisautobiography is being made into a movie tentatively titled The Making of the Painter., starringShreyas Talpade as the young Husain.


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The Peabody Essex Museum (PEM) (USA, Massachusetts) showed a solo exhibition from 4 November 2006 to 3 June 2007. It exhibited Husains paintings inspired by the Hindu epic,Mahabharata.

At the age of 92 Husain was to be given the prestigious Raja Ravi Varma award by the

government of Kerala

.

The announcement led to controversy in Kerala and some Sangh Parivarand cultural organisations campaigned against the granting of the award and petitioned theKerala courts. The Kerala High Court granted an intermin order to stay the granting of the awarduntil the petition had been disposed of.

In early 2008, Husains Battle ofGanga and Jamuna: Mahabharata 12, a large diptych, from theHindu epic, fetched $1.6 million, setting a world record at Christie's South Asian Modern andContemporary Artsale.

Controversies

In the 1990s some of Husain's works became controversial because of their portrayal of Hindudeities in the nude or in an allegedly sexual manner. The paintings in question were created in1970, but did not become an issue until 1996, when they were printed in

ichar Mimansa, aHindi monthly magazine, which published them in an article headlined "M.F. Husain: A Painteror Butcher". In response, eight criminal complaints were filed against Husain. In 2004, DelhiHigh Court dismissed these complaints of "promoting enmity between different groups ... by painting Hindu goddesses Durga and Sarswati in an uncharitable manner hurting the

sentiments of Hindus".

The controversy escalated to the extent that in 1998 Husain's house was attacked by Hindugroups like Bajrang Dal and art works were vandalised. The leadership of Shiv Sena endorsedthe attack. Twenty six Bajrang Dal activists were arrested by the police. Protests against Husainalso led to the closure of an exhibition in London, England.

In February 2006, Husain was charged with hurting sentiments of people because of his nudeportraits of Hindu gods and goddesses.

A series of cases were brought against him and a court case related to the alleged obscenedepiction of Hindu goddesses in his paintings resulted in issuing a non-bailable warrant againstHusain after he failed to respond to summons. There were also reportedly death threats. Theartist left the country stating that "matters are so legally complicated that I have been advised notto return home.". Now living in Dubai and London, he continues to stay away from India, but hasexpressed a strong desire to return, despite fears that he may be arrested in connection with thesecases. A recent Supreme Court order has suspended an arrest warrant for Husain. The lawministry has examined half-a-dozen works by Husain and told the government that prosecutorswould have a strong case against him if they sued him for deliberately hurting religious feelings.


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M.F.HUSAINS PAINTINGS


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Anil Karanjai

Anil Karanjai (June 27, 1940 - March 18, 2001) was an accomplished Indian artist. Born in EastBengal, he was educated in Banaras, where his family settled subsequent to the Partition of theIndian subcontinent in 1947. As a small child he had spent long hours playing with clay to make

toys and arrows. He also began very early to draw animals and plants, or whatever inspired him.In 1956 he dropped out of school to become a full time student at Bharatiya Kala Kendra, headed by Karnaman Singh, a master of the Bengal School and a Nepali by origin. This teacherencouraged Anil to experiment widely and to study the art of every culture. Anil remained hereuntil 1960, exhibiting regularly and teaching other students. During the same period, he practicedminiature painting at Bharat Kala Bhavan (Banaras) under the eye of the last court painter to theMaharaja of Banaras. He also enrolled at Banaras Polytechnic to learn clay modeling and metalcasting.

The Revolutionary 1960s

Throughout the revolutionary 1960s, Anil was at the forefront of the Indian and internationalpolitico-cultural movement. In 1962, with Karunanidhan Mukhopadhyay, he co-founded UnitedArtists. Their studio, named Devils Workshop, attracted artists, writers, poets and musiciansfrom across India and abroad. The group established the first art gallery of Banaras in a rundownteashop, Paradise Cafe, frequented by some of this vibrant citys most colourful characters. Aniland others of the group also at this time lived in a commune and exchanged ideas andexperiences with seekers from many countries.


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AMERICAN ARTIST

George Catlin

George Catlin

George Catlin by William Fisk, 1849

BornJuly 26,1796

Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania

Died December 23, 1872 (aged 76)

Nationality American

Field Painting

Influenced Charles Deas

George Catlin (July 26, 1796 December 23, 1872) was an American painter, author andtraveler who specialized in portraits of Native Americans in the Old West.


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BIOGRAPHY

BiographyCatlin was born in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. As a child growing up in Pennsylvania, Catlinspent many hours hunting, fishing, and looking for American Indian artifacts. His fascinationwith Native Americans was kindled by his mother, who told him stories of the Western Frontierand how she was captured by a tribe when she was a young girl. Years later, a group of NativeAmericans came through Philadelphia dressed in their colorful costumes and made quite animpression on Catlin. Following a brief career as a lawyer, he produced two major collections ofpaintings of American Indians and published a series of books chronicling his travels among thenative peoples of North, Central and South America. Claiming his interest in Americas'vanishing race' was sparked by a visiting American Indian delegation in Philadelphia, he set out

to record the appearance and customs of Americas native people.

Catlin began his journey in 1830 when he accompanied General William Clark on a diplomaticmission up the Mississippi River into Native American territory. St. Louis became Catlins baseof operations for five trips he took between 1830 and 1836, eventually visiting fifty tribes. Twoyears later he ascended the Missouri River over 3000 km to Fort Union, where he spent severalweeks among indigenous people still relatively untouched by European civilization. He visitedeighteen tribes, including the Pawnee, Omaha, and Ponca in the south and the Mandan, Hidatsa,Cheyenne, Crow, Assiniboine, and [Blackfeet] to the north. There, at the edge of the frontier, heproduced the most vivid and penetrating portraits of his career. Later trips along the Arkansas,Red and Mississippi rivers as well as visits to Florida and the Great Lakes resulted in over 500

paintings and a substantial collection of artifacts.

When Catlin returned east in 1838, he assembled these paintings and numerous artifacts into hisIndian Gallery and began delivering public lectures which drew on his personal recollections oflife among the American Indians. Catlin traveled with his Indian Gallery to major cities such asPittsburgh, Cincinnati, and New York. He hung his paintings salon styleside by side and oneabove anotherto great effect. Visitors identified each painting by the number on the frame aslisted in Catlins catalogue. Soon afterwards he began a lifelong effort to sell his collection to theU.S. government. The touring Indian Gallery did not attract the paying public Catlin needed tostay financially sound, and [Congress] rejected his initial petition to purchase the works, so in1839 Catlin took his collection across the Atlantic for a tour of European capitals.

Catlin the showman and entrepreneur initially attracted crowds to his Indian Gallery in London,Brussels, and Paris. The French critic Charles Baudelaire remarked on Catlins paintings, M.Catlin has captured the proud, free character and noble expression of these splendid fellows in amasterly way.

Catlins dream was to sell his Indian Gallery to the U.S. government so that his lifes workwould be preserved intact. His continued attempts to persuade various officials in Washington,


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D.C. failed. He was forced to sell the original Indian Gallery, now 607 paintings, due to personaldebts in 1852. Industrialist Joseph Harrison took possession of the paintings and artifacts, whichhe stored in a factory in Philadelphia, as security. Catlin spent the last 20 years of his life tryingto re-create his collection. This second collection of paintings is known as the "CartoonCollection" since the works are based on the outlines he drew of the works from the 1830s.

GEORGE CATLINS PAINTINGS.


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ALICE NEEL

Alice Neel

Dana Gordon by Alice Neel, 1972

BornJanuary 28, 1900

Merion Square, Pennsylvania

Died October 13, 1984 (aged 84)

Nationality American

Field Painting

Alice Neel (January 28, 1900 October 13, 1984) was an American artist known for her oil oncanvas portraits of friends, family, lovers, poets, artists and strangers. Her paintings are notablefor their expressionistic use of line and color, psychological acumen, and emotional intensity.

Alice Neel was born in Merion Square, Pennsylvania then moved to the rural town of Colwyn,Pennsylvania when she was about three months old. She took the Civil Service exam and got ahigh-paying clerical position after high school in order to help support her parents. After threeyears of work, taking art classes by night in Philadelphia, Neel finally enrolled full-time in thePhiladelphia School of Design for Women. Neel often said that she chose to attend an all-girlsschool so as not to be distracted from her art by the temptations of the opposite sex.


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In 1926 she became pregnant with her first child. Following the birth of her daughter, Santillana,Alice returned to her parents home in Colwyn. Carlos followed soon after, and the familymoved to New York City. Just before Santillanas first birthday, she died of diphtheria. Thetrauma caused by Santillanas death infused the content of Neels paintings, setting a precedentfor the themes of motherhood, loss, and anxiety that permeated her work for the duration of her

career.

Immediately following Santillanas death, Neel became pregnant with her second child, Isabetta.Isabettas birth in 1928 inspired the creation of "Well Baby Clinic", a bleak portrait of mothersand babies in a maternity clinic more reminiscent of an insane asylum than a nursery.

In the spring of 1930, Carlos returned to Cuba, taking Isabetta with him. Mourning the loss ofher husband and daughter, Neel suffered a massive nervous breakdown. After a brief period ofhospitalization, she attempted suicide. She was placed in the suicide ward of the PhiladelphiaGeneral Hospital. Deemed stable almost a year later, Neel was released from the sanitorium in1931 and returned to her parents home. Following an extended visit with her close friend and

frequent subject, Nadya Olyanova, Neel returned to New York.

Toward the end of the 1960s, interest in Neels work intensified. The momentum of theWomens Movement led to increased attention, and Neel became an icon for Feminists. In 1970Neel was commissioned to paint Feminist activist Kate Millett for the cover of Time magazine.In 1974, Neel's work was given a retrospective exhibition at the Whitney Museum of AmericanArt, and posthumously, in the summer of 2000, also at the Whitney.

By the mid-1970s, Neel had gained celebrity and stature as an important American artist. In1979, President Jimmy Carter presented her with a National Womens Caucus for Art award foroutstanding achievement. Neels reputation was at its height at the time of her death in 1984.

Neel's life and works are featured in the documentary "Alice Neel," which premiered at the 2007Slamdance Film Festival and was directed by her grandson, Andrew Neel. The film was given aNew York theatrical release in April of that year.

Alice Neel will be the subject of the upcoming retrospective "Alice Neel: Painted Truths"organized by The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Texas, and on view March 21-June 15, 2010.The exhibition will travel to Whitechapel Gallery, London and Moderna Museet Malm, Malm.

The Estate of Alice Neel is represented by David Zwirner, New York, Victoria Miro Gallery,London and Galerie Aurel Scheibler, Berlin, and is advised by Jeremy Lewison Ltd.


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ALICE NEELSPAINTING

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