India’s 100 Smart Cities Mission

Heather Unger, LEED AP, ENV SP

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Agenda

Program Mission and Overview

What is a ‘Smart City?’

Mangaluru (Mangalore) Smart City

Measuring Success

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Background

India’s population expected to surpass China’s by 2024

Anticipated to reach 1.5 billion by 2030, with 40% housed in urban areas

Much of current urban growth in unplanned Census Towns

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Program Mission

Bold initiative launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in 2015 to improve quality of life in rapidly expanding urban areas

Initially focused on developing 100 cities with state-of-the-art technology by 2022

Mission evolved to shift towards brownfield development and ‘making existing cities smart’

Cities plan initiatives at two levels: area based development (ABD) and pan-city

“Cities in the past were built on riverbanks. They are now built along highways. But in the future, they will

be built based on availability of optical fiber networks and next-generation

infrastructure.” – Prime Minister Modi

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Area Based Development

Retrofitting (city improvement): existing structures to remain largely intact, but supporting infrastructure upgraded

Redevelopment (city renewal): replacement of existing built environment with new layout and enhanced infrastructure using mixed land use and increased density

Greenfield Development (city expansion): develop previously vacant area using innovative planning financing and implementation

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Pan-City InitiativeSmart Solutions are applied covering the entire city

Solutions for a better world

What is a ‘Smart City?’

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What is a ‘Smart City?’

No single definition

Objective is to promote cities that provide:

Core infrastructure

Decent quality of life to the citizens

A clean sustainable environment

Application of ‘Smart Solutions’

Focused on sustainable and inclusive development

Create replicable models

Cities asked to define in proposals

Can a city be sustainable without being smart as well?

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Robust IT connectivity and digitalization

Good governance, especially e-governance and citizen participation

Sustainable environment

Safety and security

Health and education

Adequate water supply

Assured electricity supply

Sanitation, including solid waste management

Efficient urban mobility and public transport

Affordable housing, especially for the poor

Core InfrastructureMost of budget is for physical infrastructure

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Smart City Challenge

100 cities initially allocated by State/Union Territory based on population and number of towns

Cities compete for funds through an application process

Proposals must be developed through public engagement

Cities create Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs) to manage projects

Financed through 5 billion rupees from central government, 2.5 billion each from state and local and 10 billion through other mechanisms (P3, bonds, etc.)

Phase IProject Design & Development

(Duration: 1 Year)

Phase IIProject Implementation

(Duration: 2 Years)

Situation AnalysisFeasibility StudyDetailed Design & EngineeringBid DocumentationBid Process Management

Construction supervisionContract administrationQuality TestingProgress Monitoring

Smart City Project Duration

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10. Non-vehicle streets/zones

11. Smart parking

12. Energy efficient street lighting

13. Innovative use of open spaces

14. Visible improvement in the area

15. Safety, especially for children, women and elderly

16. At least 80% of buildings (for redevelopment/ greenfield) energy efficient and green

17. At least 15% of housing in greenfield affordable

1. Assured electricity supply with at least 10% from solar

2. Adequate water supply including wastewater recycling and stormwater reuse

3. Sanitation, including solid waste management

4. Rainwater harvesting

5. Smart metering

6. Robust IT connectivity and digitization

7. Pedestrian friendly pathways

8. Encouragement of non-motorized transport

9. Intelligent traffic management

17 Essential FeaturesAll cities must address

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Program Challenges

Ambitious scope and aggressive timeframe

Existing legacy infrastructure

Financial sustainability and technical capability of local government

Partial compliance with City Master Plans

Three tier governance (federal, state, city)

P3 risks

Land acquisition/resettlement

Solutions for a better world

Mangaluru (Mangalore) Smart City

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Mangaluru (Mangalore) Smart City

Port city on western coast in state of Karnataka

Population reported in 2011 census: 623,841

Commercial, industrial, educational, healthcare hub

Economic drivers: petrochemicals, manufacturing, fishing industry, coffee and cashew nuts export and port-related activity

Multicultural city

High literacy rate (>94%)

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Mangaluru Smart City Vision and Goals "The Coastal Confluence where Nature and Opportunity meet”

Vision: Become the prime economic and maritime hub of coastal Karnataka, rare in its economic and ecological balance and driven by innovation, entrepreneurship, knowledge and healthcare services to create an equitable city with equally high levels of opportunities, quality of life and services. Revitalize its role as a confluence and place of exchange

Re-orientate towards its core assets: the waters and its maritime-industrial strength

Update to include efficient physical and digital networks for exchange

Goals: Vision built around Four Key Areas, each with Goals, Activities and Metrics of Livability and Sustainability. Key Areas: Mangaluru as Confluence and Place of Exchange

Intelligent Continuity with Port Heritage

Archipelagic Approach to `Smart` development and Accountable Governance

Livable and Ecological City

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Key Components of Mangalore Smart City

Project Management Consultant:

Consortium of Wadia Techno-Engineering Services with Louis Berger Consulting and C-DAC

designing, developing, managing and implementing the Smart City project

Type of Development Broad Project Category Key Sub-Project

Area Based Development (ABD) Interventions

City Identity & Culture Retrofit of Car Street as heritage zone

Economy & Employment Redevelopment of Central Market

Health Upgradation of Government Hospitals

Education Upgradation of Government Schools

Transport, Mobility & Walkability

Development of SMART Roads, Junction

Improvements, multi-level car parking (MLCPs),

Pedestrian Facilities

Housing Economically weaker section (EWS) Housing

Public Open Spaces Waterfront Marina Development

Energy Source & ManagementSolar Rooftop on Government Buildings & Solar

PV Island

PAN City Interventions

Energy Efficiency LED Street Lighting

Citizen SafetyCCTV Road Surveillance, Central Command &

Control Center, Public Mobility App

65 Sub-Projects were approved

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Area Based Development at Mangalore1. Central Node of the city

incorporating the town hall, open space, vacated premises of the district admin office

2. Retail Node at HampankattaJunction with MLCP and links

3. Redevelopment of Fisheries Harbour

4. Redevelopment of Old Port

5. Car Street and Sri Venkatramanatemple Precinct

6. Waterfront Marina Development and related Activities

7. Adaptive reuse of tile factories

8. Up gradation of the District Central Hospitals

9. Urban Design Plan for Connector Street

10. Marin Ecology and Solar Farm

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Example Before and After

As-Is

To-Be

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Smart City Components: Pan-City

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Smart Road Concept

Solutions for a better world

Measuring Success

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Measuring Success

Lack of standard indicators and clear benchmarks led to ‘Livability Standards’ created in 2017

15 categories based on Smart City Proposals, 79 indicators

Fosters competition between cities

In 2018, launching India’s first ‘Livability Index’ to assess 116 cities in India (including all smart cities, state capitals, cities with 1 million+ pop)

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Measuring Sustainability

Sustainability is a core consideration of all projects, but green targets are generally not defined

Each city defines indicators, baseline measurement and targets

City can elect to use a green rating system – opportunity for Envision