india se asia (1)
TRANSCRIPT
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Indian and Southeast Asian Art
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Indus Civilization Art
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Great bath
Mohenjo-daro
Pakistan
2600-1900 B.C.E.
Sophisticated sewage and water systems
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Robed Male Figure
from Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan
ca. 2000-1900 B.C.E.steatite6 7/8 in. high
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2700 BCE 2000 BCE
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Nude male torso
from Harappa, Pakistan
ca. 2000-1900 B.C.E.red sandstone
approximately 3 ¾ in.
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480 BCE 2000 BCE
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Seal
from Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan
ca. 2600-1900 B.C.E.steatiteapproximately 1 3/8 x 1 3/8 in.
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Seals
from Mohenjo-daro, Pakistan
ca. 2500-1700 B.C.E.steatiteeach approximately 1 3/8 x 1 3/8 in.
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2600 BCE
2500-1700 BCE
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Indian Buddhist Art
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Foundations of Hinduism and BuddhismVEDAS, 2nd millennium BCE-Ancient Sanskrit texts-Oral hymns of the Aryans (”Noble Ones,” a mobile herding people)-Veda = knowledge
- Included hymns for Brahmins (priests) to chant or sing- Brahmins became head of social hierarchy called the caste
system- Focus on sacrifice appease gods answer prayers
Upanishads, 800-500 BCE- Texts of innovative ideas of samsara, karma and moksha (or nirvana)Samsara – rebirth, endless cycle of reincarnationKarma – past actions, good or bad, that determine the nature of future reincarnationsMoksha (nirvana) – ultimate goal, escape circle of rebirth by merging self with vital force of the universe
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BUDDHISM-Buddha (the Enlightened One) born 563 BCE as Prince Siddhartha Gautama•Siddhartha abandoned opulent court life for a life of asceticism CORE OF BUDDHISM – the Four Noble Truths
Life is sufferingThe cause of suffering is desireOne can overcome and extinguish desireThe way to conquer desire and end
suffering is to follow the Buddha’s Eightfold Path of:
Wheel (chakra) of the Law (dharma)
o right understandingo right thoughto right speecho right actiono right livelihoodo right efforto right mindfulnesso right concentration
concentration
Ethical conduct
wisdom
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Lion capital from column erected byEmperor Ashoka
from Sarnath, India
272-231 B.C.E.polished sandstone8 feet high
ASHOKA – greatest Maurya rulerConverted to Buddhism and facilitated it’s spread throughout India and Asia
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Great Stupa
Sanchi, India
third century B.C.E. to first century C.E.
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Great Stupa
Sanchi, India
third century B.C.E. to first century C.E.
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Great Stupa
Sanchi, India
third century B.C.E. to first century C.E.
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Great Stupa
Sanchi, India
first century B.C.E. to first century C.E.
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Chaitya Hall
Karle, India
ca. 100 C.E.
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Chaitya Hall
Karle, India
ca. 100 C.E.
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Seated Buddha
from Mathura, India
2nd century C.E.red sandstone27 1/2 in. high
ushnisha
mudra
chakra
prana
elongated ears
halo of enlightenment
urna
The anthropomorphized Buddha
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Mudras – Symbolic hand gestures
Where else have we seen symbolic hand gestures?
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Seated Buddha
from Gandhara, Pakistan
2nd century C.E.grey schist3 ft. 7 1/2 in. high
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Life and Death of the Buddha
from Gandhara, Pakistan
2nd century C.E.schist2 ft. 2 3/8 in. high
Queen Maya gives birth to Prince Siddhartha
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Life and Death of the Buddha
from Gandhara, Pakistan
2nd century C.E.schist2 ft. 2 3/8 in. high
Enlightenment at Badh Gaya
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Life and Death of the Buddha
from Gandhara, Pakistan
2nd century C.E.schist2 ft. 2 3/8 in. high
preaching first sermon at Sarnath
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Life and Death of the Buddha
from Gandhara, Pakistan
2nd century C.E.schist2 ft. 2 3/8 in. high
death at Kushinagara
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Bamayan Buddhas (destroyed)
Bamayan, Afghanistan
3rd century C.E.
150 feet tall
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Bamayan Buddhas (destroyed)
Bamayan, Afghanistan
3rd century C.E.
150 feet tall
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Seated Buddha preaching first sermon
from Sarnath, India
5th century C.E.sandstone
The Gupta Buddha(combines Ganghara and Mathura styles)
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Interior of cave 19
Ajanta, India
2nd half of 5th century
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Indian Hindu Art
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HINDUISM – “the religion of the Indians”
•No single founder•Rooted in ancient Vedic texts•Polytheistic
•Shiva – the DESTROYER, regenerative force
•Vishnu – Preserver of the Universe , comes back as an avatar to defeat evil forces in the universe
•Devi – Great Goddess, both creates and destroys
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Boar avatar of Vishnu rescuing the earth
Udayagiri, India
Early 5th century C.E.relief in cave temple
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Dancing Shiva
Badami, India
sixth century C.E.relief in cave temple
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Shiva as Mahadeva
Cave I, Elephanta, India
ca. 550-575 C.E.Basalt17 ft. 10 in. high
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Vishnu Temple
Deogarh, India
Early 6th century C.E.
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Vishnu asleep on the serpent of Ananta
Deogarh, India
Relief panel on south façade of Vishnu Temple
Early 6th century C.E.
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Rock-cut rathas
Mamallapuram, India
Dharmaraja, Bhima, Arjuna and Draupadi rathas
Late 7th century C.E.
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Visvanatha Temple
Khajuraho, India
ca. 1000 C.E.
Hindu temples – home of the gods on earth
Northern style – beehive-like
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Rajarajeshvara TempleThanjavur, IndiaCa. 1010
Southern-style
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Visvanatha Temple
Khajuraho, India
ca. 1000 C.E.
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Visvanatha Temple
Khajuraho, India
ca. 1000 C.E.
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Shiva as Nataraja
Naltunai Ishvaram Temple
Bronze
ca. 1000 C.E.
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Sri Lankan Buddhist Art
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Death of the Buddha (Parinirvana)
Gal Virhara, Sri Lanka
11th - 12th century C.E.
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Javanese Buddhist Art
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Cosmic Mountain
Borobudur, Java, Indonesia
ca. 800 C.E.400 ft. wide https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=txujqGtB_6g
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Khmer (Cambodian) Art
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Harihara
Prasat Andet, Cambodia
Early 7th C.E.6’3”
stone
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Vishnu lying of the cosmic oceanfrom Mebon temple,Western Baray
Angkor, Cambodia
12th century C.E.8 feet long
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Angkor, Cambodia
12th century C.E.
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Angkor Wat
Angkor, Cambodia
12th century C.E.
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Angkor Wat
Angkor, Cambodia
12th century C.E.http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/specials/ancient-mysteries/angkor-wat-temples/
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King Suryavarman II holding court
Angkor Wat
Angkor, Cambodia
12th century C.E.
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Angkor, Cambodia
12th century C.E.
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Towers of the Bayon
Angkor Thom, Cambodia
12th to 13th centuries C.E.
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Towers of the Bayon
Angkor Thom, Cambodia
12th to 13th centuries C.E.