india features

7/26/2019 india features

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Physical features of India

Physical

features of

India


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India y

featuresThe 6 physical features are :The Himalayan mountains

The northern plains

The peninsular plateau

The Indian desertThe coastal plains

The Islands


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Indian Deserts


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The Himalayas

The Himalayas are geologically young andstructurally fold mountains which stretchover the northern borders of India .These mountain ranges run in a west east

direction from Indus to rahmaputra.Himalayas covers a distance of about!"##$m . Their width varies from "##$m in%ashmir to &'#$m in (runachal Pradesh .


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Longitudinal divisionThe Himalaya consist of three parallel ranges in its

longitudinal e)tent :The northern most rangeis $nown as the inner

Himalayas or the Himadri . It is most continuous rangeconsisting of the loftiest pea$s with an average height of

6###m . It consist of all prominent Himalayan pea$s .The range lying to the south of Himadry forms the most

rugged mountain system and is also $nown as Himachalor lesser Himalaya . The altitude varies between *+##

and "'##m and the average width is of '# $m . Thisrange is famous for hill station li$e %angra and %ulluvalley .

The outer most range of the Himalayas is called the,hiwali$s . They e)tend over a width of -'#$m andhave an altitude varying between ## m . This


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divisionThe Himalaya has been divided on the basis of

regions from west to east . The part of Himalayalying between Indus and satlu0 has beentraditionally $nown as Pun0ab Himalayas . Thepart of Himalayas lying between satlu0 and $ali

rivers is $nown as $umoun Himalayas . The $aliand the tista rivers demarcate the 1epalHimalayas . (nd the Himalayas lying betweentista and dihang rivers is $nown as (ssam

Himalayas . The Himalayas which spread alongthe eastern boarders of India is $nown aspurvachal .


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1orthern plains

The northern plain has been formed by the

interplay of three ma0or river systems 2 the Indus 3the rahmaputra 3the 4anga along with theirtributaries . This plain is formed of alluvial soil . Thedeposition of alluvium in a vast basin lying at the

foothills of the Himalaya over millions of years 3formed this fertile plain . It spreads over an area of+ la$h s5.$m . The plain being about !"##$m longand !"# to*!# $m broad 3 is a densely populatedphysiographic division . /ith a rich soil covercombined with ade5uate water supply andfavorable climate it is agriculturally a veryproductive part of India .


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The peninsular plateau

The peninsular plateau is a table landcomposed of the old crystalline ,igneous and metamorphic rocks . Itwas formed due to the breaking and

drifting of gondwana land and thusmaking it a part of the oldestlandmass . This plateau consist of 2

broad divisions :the entralhighlands and the !eccan plateau .


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entral "ighlands#nd !eccan Plateau

The part of the peninsular plateau lyingto the north of 1armada river covering ama0or area of alwa plateau is $nown as

7entral highlands .The Deccan plateau is a triangularlandmass lying to the south of river

1armada . The ,atpura range 8an$s itsbroad base in the north while theahadev 3 the %aimul hills and the ai$alrange form its eastern e)tension .


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/estern 4hats/estern 4hats lie parallel to the western coast

. They are continues and can be crossedthrough passes only . The western 4hats arehigher than the eastern 4hats . Their averageelevation is ## to &6## m . The western

4hats cause orographic rain by facing the rainbearing moist winds to rise along the westernslopes of then 4hats . The western 4hats are$nown by di9erent local names . The highest

pea$s include anai mudi and the doda betta


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4hats$astern %hats are lower than&estern %hats. The averageelevation of $astern %hats is '((mts. The $astern %hats stretchfrom the )ahanadi *alley to the+igiris in the south. The $astern

%hats are discontinuous andirregular and dissected by riverdraining into the ay of engal.

)ahindragiri is the highest peak


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The Indian deserts

The Indian Deserts lies towards the western

margins of the (ravali hills . It is an undulatingsandy plain covered with sandunes this regionresives very low rainfall below &'# mm per year .It has arid climate with low vegetation cover .

,treams apear during the rainy season . ,oonafter they disappear into the sand as they do nothave enough water to reach the sea . ;uni is theonly large river in this region . archans coverlarger areas but longitudinal dunes become moreprominent near the indo Pa$istan boundary .


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The coastal plainsThe peninsular plateau is 8an$ed by stretch of narrow

coastal strips 3 running along the (rabian sea on thewest and the bay of engal on the east . The westerncoast 3 sandwiched between the western 4hats and the(rabian sea is a narrow plain . It consist of three

sections . The northern part of the coast is called the$on$an 3 the central stretch is called the $annad plainwhile southern is referred to as the alabar coast theplains along the bay of engal are wide and level in the

northern part 3 it is referred to as the northern circar 3while the southern part is $nown as $oramandal coast .;arge rivers such as the ahanadi 3 the 4odavari 3 the%rishna and the $avery have former e)tensive delta onthis coast . ;a$e chili$a is an important feature along

the eastern coast


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The islandsesides a vast main land 3 India has also !

groups of islands . The ;a$shadweepislands close to the alabar coast of %eralais composed of small coral islands . It

covers small area of *! s5 . %m and$avarathi island is the administrative head5uarters . This island group has greatdiversity of 8ora and fauna the pity island 3which is uninhabited3 has a bird sanctuary .


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(ndaman and 1icobar

The (ndaman and nicobar islands islocated in the bay of engal they arebigger in si


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