india china. india subcontinent himalayas northern plains –most fertile –most population deccan...
TRANSCRIPT
IndiaChina
India• Subcontinent
• Himalayas
• Northern plains
–Most fertile
–Most population
• Deccan Plateau
–Dry climate
–monsoons
• 2000 BC• Aryans invaded
central Asia and occupied territory as far as the North of India
• Sanskrit
Aryan Society
• 3-class system• Warrior-nobles• Priests• Common people• Chief: rajah
– (chosen from Warrior-Nobles)
• Flexible system
Caste system
• Humans & gods were part of universal order
• Fixed social groupings
• DHARMA—code of conduct for particular class
• KARMA—all the deeds of one’s life (good & bad)
• reincarnationTransparency 5
Hinduism • More than a religion
• Way of life• Vishnu-
– preserver
• Shiva-– creator/
destroyer
• Brahma-– chief creator
• Reincarnation
Hindu Families
• Family center of society/security
• Obedience to elders
• Respect for ancient customs
• Wives/husbandstraditional roles
• Widows: sati (suttee)
China—Shang Dynasty• Great artisans• Powerful army• Collect tribute from
neighbors• Farmers-grain & SILK• Written language• Small upper class
– King—high priest—DIVINE RIGHT-- Oracle spirits
• Large lower class
China—Zhou Dynasty
• Tired of paying tribute to Shangs• Overthrew Shang:• Rationale—if Shangs were better rulers,
then couldn’t have been overthrown• Zhou given MANDATE OF HEAVEN• Kept rituals “pure”• Citizens important• Rulers for good of the people—trustees
of the spirits
China—Zhou Dynasty
• Emperor’s title: Son of Heaven
• 900 years—longest dynasty in China’s history
• Too big feudalism
• Oath of loyalty to help each other in times of troubles
FEUDALISM
• A political system in which nobles or lords are granted the use of lands that legally belong to the king (or emperor). In return, the nobles owe loyalty and military service to the king and protection to the people who live on their estates.– Local lords more powerful
– Emperor’s power decreased
Accomplishments• Technology: iron plows, weapons,
canals for shipping, irrigation• Trade: coins, merchantswealthy &
influential• Use of horses—is this really important?• Government by bureaucrats
– Trained public officials to handle daily stuff
• Scholars/teachers—advise rulers on correct behavior & political manners
• writers
K’ung Fu-tzu• Confucius• Not a religion• “I stand in awe of the
spirits, but keep them at a distance.”
• Ethics• How to treat your
fellow man?• Teacher, consultant,
counselor, philosopher• 5 Basic Relationships
(transparency 6)
Chinese Family
• Family is more important than the individual
• A well-run family ensures a well-run government
• ♂superior to ♀• Sons more valuable than
daughters• Filial piety—ancestor
worship• Old agerespect &
leisure
• GREATEST SIN: disrespecting parents
Causes
Development of agriculture
Domestication of animals
Key Development
Growth of village life
8000-3000 BC
Effects
Specialization of skills
Private property
New technology—sources of power, invention, networking
Beginning of civilization
What were the effects of the development of agriculture and the domestication of animals?
How many years ago was 8000 BC?
What were the effects of the development of agriculture and the domestication of animals?
How many years ago was 8000 BC?