India , officially the Republic of India (Bharat Ganrajya)

Akhilesh Sharma | MBA Marketing |

7 continents of the world INDIA (Asian continent)

• Asia is largest continent• This continent shares its border

with Ural Mountains to the East, the Arctic Ocean to the North, the Pacific Ocean to the West and the Indian Ocean to the South

• India is 3rd largest country of Asia Continent

• India is the world's most populous democracy with the world's fastest growing economies.

• The second major tourist place in Asia is Goa, India

• Mukesh Ambani, India the 2nd richest person of Asia.

Where INDIA is located

• India is a subcontinent located in Southern Asia continent. It is considered a subcontinent because it covers an expansive area of land that includes the Himalayan region in the north, the Gangetic Plain as well as the plateau region in the south.

• India lies to the north of the equator between 6° 44' and 35° 30' north latitude and 68° 7' and 97° 25' east longitude.

• Islamic Emirates of Afghanistan• People's Republic of Bangladesh• Kingdom of Bhutan• People's Republic of China• Republic of the Maldives

Neighboring countries of INDIA

• Union of Myanmar

• Kingdom of Nepal

• Islamic Republic of Pakistan

• Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka

1. Mountain Ranges2. Rivers3. Lakes4. Seas and Oceans

Geographic Features of India

Mountain ranges of INDIA

• One of the youngest mountain ranges in the world and the highest mountain range HIMALAYAS. The second longest glacier in the world siachen glacier is also the part of great Himalaya range

• The PURVANCHAL RANGE. Three hill ranges that come under are, the patkai, the garo–khasi–jaintia and lushai hills. Cherrapunji and Mawsynram are well famous for highest annual rainfall

• The VINDHYA RANGE, Amarkantak is the tallest peak of  vindhya range. It extends in east-west direction from varanasi through Madhya Pradesh to Gujarat

• The SATPURA RANGE,  was formerly heavily forested.  It extend across Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh.

• The ARAVALI RANGE is the oldest mountain range in India. Famous for mineral resources and surrounded by dense forests with rich in Flora and Fauna. Running across Rajasthan to Haryana

• The WESTERN GHAT, one of the best tourist attraction in India. Starts near the border of Gujarat and ending at Kanyakumari. Pune is the largest city within this mountain range in Maharashtra.

• The EASTERN GHAT, largest population of Indian elephant.  Its range start from West Bengal to Tamilnadu. The Nilgiri hills “the blue mountains” in Tamil Nadu lies at the junction of the eastern and western ghats.

Rivers of INDIA

• Ganga  “National River”, the most sacred river of India and the longest river in India. tributary to the Ganga like Yamuna, Chambal, Betwa and one of the major is  the Ghaghara, which meets it before Patna. Mahatma Gandhi Setu (longest road bridge) is build on river Gange at Patna.

• Yamuna, merges with the Ganges at Triveni Sangam, Allahabad, the site for the Kumbha Mela. Taj Mahal is situated on the bank of the holy Hindu river Yamuna in Agra.

• Saraswati, The Triveni Sangam in Allahabad is a confluence of 3 rivers, the Ganges, Yamuna, and Saraswati,of these three The legendary Saraswati River is invisible

• Narmada, The Hindu God Lord Shiva Omkareshwar temple on the banks of Narmada river situated in the Khandwa district of Madhya Pradesh.

• Kshipra, join the Chambal River. The holy city Ujjain is situated on its right bank.

• Godavari, longest river of South India is popularly referred as to as the Dakshina Ganga. Kumbh Mela at Nasik is well known as an important center of Pilgrimage in India because the holy river Godavari.

• Kaveri, The beautiful shivasamudram falls of Kaveri river is the second biggest water falls in India.

Lakes of INDIA

• Wular Lake is one of the largest fresh water lakes in Asia and the largest in India, is located in J & K.

•  Loktak Lake is the largest freshwater lake in northeastern India, located in Manipur.

• Damdama Lake is one of the biggest natural lakes in Haryana.

• Dal Lake is one of the most beautiful lakes of India and is the second largest in the J&K valley.

• Lake Pichola is an artificial fresh water lake situated in Udaipur city in Rajasthan.

• Gurudongmar Lake is one of the highest lakes in the world. This fresh-water lake is located northeast of the Kangchenjunga range in Sikkim.

• Chilka Lake is the brackish water lake and is the largest coastal lake in India. The Chilka Lake in situated in Orissa and is Asia’s largest inland salt-water lagoon.

• Vembanad Lake is India’s longest lake and is the largest lakes in the beautiful state land of God, Kerala.

• Bhimtal Lake, a beautiful lake which offers magnificent vistas for tourists, Situated in Uttranchal.

• Upper lake is the largest artificial lake in Asia, situated in “City of Lakes” called Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. Upper lake locally known as Bada Talab is the oldest man-made lake in India

INDIAN Seas and oceanIndia is surrounded by three oceans :

The Indian Ocean (south) is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering approximately 20% of the water on the Earth's surface.

The Arabian Sea (east) is a region of the northern Indian Ocean bounded on the north by Pakistan and Iran, on the southwest by northeastern Somalia, on the east by India, and on the west by the Arabian Peninsula.

The Bay of Bengal (west), the largest bay in the world,

forms the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean. Roughly triangular in shape, it is bordered mostly by India and Sri Lanka to the west, Bangladesh to the north, and Burma (Myanmar) and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands to the east.

“The Junction of Indian Ocean, Bay Of Bengal & Arabian Sea: Kanya Kumari (The extreme south of Mainland India) 

Climate of INDIA

Environment of INDIA

• 13000 tea gardens

• 440 animal sanctuaries

• 80 national parks

• 45000 different flower species

• 86000 animal verities

• Lotus “National Flower”. According to Culturalindia.net, the water-bound flower rooted in mud symbolizes religious transcendence and the beauty of procreation.

• Marigolds figure extensively in India & "festival of lights" known as Diwali. Marigold garlands join mango leaves in adorning doorways and torans or gates.

• Tiger “National Animal” of India.

• The Peacock “National Bird” of India.

• Mango “National Fruit” of India. Described as the "Food of the Gods", in the sacred Vedas.

• Banyan Tree “National Tree” of India. 

Indus Valley Civilization Vedic Age

Later Vedic Age

Magadha Kingdom

The Mauryan Empire

The Age Of Guptas

The Post Gupta Period

The Chola Empire

2500BC -1500BC

1500 BC- 1000 BC

1000 BC – 600 BC

600 – 300 BC

325 BC – 183 BC

320 AD – 550 AD

606 – 903 AD

9th – 12th Century

1921- Harappa

1922- Mohenjo-Daro

Original Home of Aryan's

Society divided into 4 Varna's: Bahaman's, Kshatriyas, Vishay's, Shudra

Invasion Of Alexander.

Rise of Jainism's and Buddhism.

Ashoka’s Dharma

The Gupta Dynasty.

Kalidas Drama.

Trade Of Coinage.

Harshvardhana (feudatories of guptas).

Pallavas ( Orthodox Bhramica hindus)

Description of Event

History of INDIA

Customs and Traditions

• Regarded by many historians as the "oldest living civilization of Earth", India is also truly the richest culture in the world.

• Ancient concepts like karma, dharma, atman (re-birth) and yoga still govern daily lives of Indians.

• We never to pass on anything – money or a gift – to an Indian with your left hand, which is used for cleaning up.

• The Rajput's followed the worship of weapons.• The four wings of the Swastik cross point towards

the four directions, namely North, East, South and West, which connotes stability, firmness and strength. It is used as the symbol of Sun, thereby representing Lord Surya.

Customs and Traditions (Cont..)

• Do a ‘pradkshina’ : Generally, temples are strategically located in a place where earth's magnetic waves pass through i.e. where the positive energy is abundantly available from the magnetic wave distribution of north/ south pole thrust. A person who regularly visits a temple and makes clockwise 'pradakshina' of the Main Idol's placement, automatically receives the beamed magnetic waves which get absorbed by his body.

• Ghantaa-naadam : bells made of copper or brass help in controlling the evils and germs.

• Abhishekam : A mixture of cow milk, curds, pure ghee, sugar and honey. Panchaamrita has medicinal values and will provide health and nourishment to the body. 

• Read during ‘Braahmi Muhurtham’ : 'Braahmi' means Saraswathi, the Goddess of intellect. The above specified time is auspicious for gaining and sustaining intelligence and knowledge.

• Do a ‘tilak’ and married women a ‘bindi’ : It is applied on the spot between the brows which is considered the seat of latent wisdom and mental concentration, and is very important for worship. It also indicates the point at which the spiritual eye opens.

Festival's Of INDIA

• Diwali : It is a five day festival that represents the start of the Hindu New Year. It's known as the “Festival of Lights”.

• Ganesh Chaturthi : The spectacular eleven day Ganesh Chaturthi festival honors the birth of the beloved Hindu elephant-headed god, Lord Ganesha.

• Holi : A two day festival that also celebrates the victory of good over evil, as well as the abundance of the spring harvest season. It's commonly referred to as the "Festival of Colors".

• Navaratri, Dussehra, and Durga Puja : The first nine days of this festival are known as Navaratri, and are filled with dance in honor of the Mother Goddess. The tenth day, called Dussehra, is devoted to celebrating the defeat of the demon king Ravana by Lord Rama.

• Onam : A traditional ten day harvest festival that marks the homecoming of the mythical King Mahabali.

Festival's Of INDIA (cont..)

• Krishna Janmashtami/Govinda : Krishna Janmashtami, also known as Govinda, commemorates the birthday of Lord Krishna. 

• Kerala Temple Festivals : The south Indian state of Kerala is filled with temples that are renowned for their exotic temple festivals. The large processions of elephants, resplendent in ornaments, are the main attractions of these festivals. 

• Pushkar Camel Fair : An astonishing 50,000 camels converge on the tiny desert town of Pushkar, in India's state of Rajasthan for the Pushkar Camel Fair.

• Maha Shivaratri : On the 14th day of the dark half of Margshirsh month the great night of Shiva is celebrated. On this day the devotees of Shiva observe fast.

• Raksha Bandhan : This is a festival that falls on the brightest night of Shravan month. Raksha Bandhan stirs up one of the deepest and noblest emotions - the abiding and chaste bond of love between the brother and the sister. On this day sisters tie a rakhi.

Government of INDIA

• India is a federal country, therefore laws can be made separately at different levels, by the Union Government (Federal Government) for the entire country and by the State Governments for their respective states.

• The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India. The Constitution of India is federal in nature. Each state and each Union territory of India has its own government.

• At the national level, the head of government, Prime Minister, is elected by the members of Lok Sabha, lower house of the parliament of India. All members of Lok Sabha except two, who can be nominated by president of India, are directly elected through general elections which take place every five years.

• Members of Rajya Sabha, upper house of Indian parliament, are elected by elected members of the legislative assemblies of states and Electoral college for Union Territories of India.

Government of INDIA (cont..)

• India has a multi-party system. Political parties that wish to contest local, state or national elections are required to be registered by the Election Commission of India (EC).

• The first general election held in 1951-52 over a four-month period.

Country Name Republic of India; Bharat Ganrajya

Government Type Sovereign Socialist Democratic Republic with a Parliamentary system of Government

Capital New DelhiOfficial Language Hindi, EnglishAdministrative Division 29 States and 7 Union Territories.

Independence 15th August 1947 (From the British Colonial Rule)

Constitution The Constitution of India came into force on 26th January 1950.

Legislature Sansad

Legal System The Constitution of India is the fountain source of the legal system in the Country.

Executive BranchThe President of India is the Head of the State, while Prime Minister is the Head of the Government, and runs office with the support of Council of Ministers who form the Cabinet Ministry.

Legislative Branch The Indian Legislature comprises of the Lok Sabha (House of the people) and the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) forming both the Houses of the Parliament.

Judicial Branch The Supreme Court of India is the apex body of the Indian legal system, followed by other High Courts and subordinate Courts.

Economy of INDIA

• The India economy, the third largest economy in the world in terms of purchasing power parity. This booming economy of today has to pass through many phases before it can achieve the current milestone of 9% GDP. 

•  The country is one of the G-20 major economies and a member of BRICS.

•  India is the 19th-largest exporter and the 10th-largest importer in the world.

• The competitive advantages of India is similar to China of cheap labor costs and lower living standards.

Sectors Of INDIAN Economy

Nature of activity being

performed

Primary(Agriculture,

mining, fishing)

Secondary(Industrial

production of physical goods)

Tertiary(Transportation, communication,

storage, Banking)

Working condition of workers

Organized Unorganized

Ownership Basis

Public Private

Tourism in INDIA

Tourism growth in INDIA

• According to World Tourism Organization estimates, India will lead in South Asia with 8.9 million arrivals by 2020

• India is poised to emerge as the 2nd fastest growing (8.8%) tourism economy in the world over 2005-14 according to the World Travel & Tourism

Tourist destinations

• North East – States such as Sikkim, Assam and Nagaland have emerged as major players. The major focus in 2005 was to develop tourism infrastructure in the region.

• New States – Uttaranchal attracted 14 million tourists and in 2004 witnessed a growth of 40% in 2005. Major focus on marketing to attract high spending tourists, initiatives to create world-class infrastructure.

• Beautiful South – Aggressive marketing has helped achieve over 25% growth in tourism in southern states. Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka are witnessing an upswing in foreign tourists.

An all-year round destination.

• Throughout the world, India is perceived as a October to April winter destination.

• Marketing initiatives by both the Government and the private sector is now successfully addressing & changing this perception.

New Tourism Products

• Monsoon magic - focus on months from April to October

• Rural & village tourism - the tourism ministry is laying special emphasis on infrastructure development in various rural destinations in India.

• Medical tourism - the Indian Healthcare Delivery market is estimated at US$ 18.7 billion. The industry is growing at about 13 per cent annually.

• Luxury tourism – e.g. Palace on Wheels, Palaces

• Adventure tourism – with emphasis on eco-tourism

Ecotourism in KERALA

• There has been a major growth in ecotourism that is sustainable and environmentally non-invasive.

• Resorts are designed using local labour forces and local materials.

• Energy sources are sustainable: cow dung and wood

• Ecotourism tends to be geared to a young and wealthy market.

• Activities are marketed and life style emphasised.