INDEXSr. No. Title Author Subject Page No.

1 ARM’S Length Price : An Overview with Special Reference to Indian Mncs

Dr. Pranam Dhar, Dr. Manideep Chandra

Accountancy 1-2

2 Accounting for Intengible Assets : With a Special Reference to Valuation of Goodwil

Dr.Kishor V. Bhesaniya Accountancy 3-4

3 Foreign Trade of India Dr. M. K. Maru Commerce 5-6

4 Scale Validation of TQM Construct in Management Education

Ms. Rachita Sambyal, Ms. Preeti Salathia

Commerce 7-8

5 Role of Women Co-Operative Credit Societies in J&K - A Study

Tarsem Lal Commerce 9-10

6 Development of Life Insurance Corporation of India Jitendra Dhirajlal Karia, Dr. (Prof.) Vijay Kumar Soni

Commerce 11-12

7 Factors Influencing Transportation Mode in Small Manufacturing Firms

Dr. Vipul Chalotra, Prof Neetu Andotra

Commerce 13-14

8 Socially Responsible Investments Amola Bhatt,Sweety Shah

Corporate Governance

15-17

9 In Search of between the line "An Actor's way" Dr. Jayant Shevtekar Drama 18-19

10 Play Performance: Directorial Perspective Dr. Sanjay Patil Drama 20-21

11 Quality of Working Life and Job Satisfaction of Government Hospital Nurses in Bangladesh

Dr.A.Shyamala Economics 22-23

12 Special Reference of Poverty : Banjara Community in India Dr.Pawar A. S.,Naik Priti A.,Dr. Rathod S. J.

Economics 24-26

13 Economical Status of Banjara and Dhangar Community in Marathwada

Naik Priti A.,Dr.Pawar A. S.,Dr. Rathod S. J.

Economics 27-29

14 Neurocognitive Precept of Constructivism in Science Education

K.Bhaskar, Dr.P.Sivakumar

Education 30-31

15 Effectiveness Of Work Card As Self Learning Material On English Grammar Achievement

Dr.Ramesh B. Sakhiya Education 32-33

16 Performance Based Pushover Analysis of R.C.C. Frames Dakshes J. Pambhar Engineering 34-38

17 Artificial Recharge by Using Rainwater Harvesting- A Case Study of a Check Dam in Zalod, Dahod Area

H.H. Kanjariya,Prof. A. I. Lalani

Engineering 39-41

18 Assessment of Water Supply at Patan, Gujarat Mrunalini Himatlal Rana, Hitesh H. Kanjariya

Engineering 42-46

19 Retrofitting of Beam Using Different Material in Self Compacting Concrete

Patel Atit P.,Elizabeth George

Engineering 47-49

20 A numerical method for simulating discontinuous shallow flow over an infiltrating surface

Roshni Patel, Jitendrasinh D. Raol.

Engineering 48-53

21 An Evolutionary Approach to Materialized View in Data Warehousing

Sanket S. Patel, Mr. Deepak Dembla

Engineering 54-57

22 Flexible Airfield Pavement Design Using Layered Elastic Design Federal Aviation Administration (LEDFAA)

Purvin A. Patel, H. K. Dave, V. R. Patel

Engineering 58-60

23 Study on the corrosion inhibition of mild steel by azole derivative, phosphono derivative and bivalent cation

V. Manivannan,N. Chithralekha

Engineering 61-63

24 Traffic Management Plan For Urban-Arterial Road SH-41 In Mehsana City.

Vishal Sathvara,Prof. V.R.Patel

Engineering 64-67

25 To Study the Heat Transfer Phenomena in Parallel Plate Heat Exchanger

Mr. S. B. Ranpara,Mr. M. V. Vekariya,Prof. R. N. Makadiya

Engineering 68-70

26 Population Growth Impact on Land Use pattern in Hyderabad City using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques

S.Indhira Gandhi,Dr. V.Madha Suresh

Geography 71-72

27 Sedimentary structures of the Pinjor Formation exposed in the type area Pinjor, northwestern Himalaya

Mahavir Singh Geology 73-75

28 Severity of Menstrual Problems in Early and Late Reproductive Years

Dr Kumari Geeta,Dr Kumud Khanna,Dr Ranjana Mahna

Home Science 76-79

29 Strategic HR – The Value Adding Partner Mr. Mehul G. Thakkar Human Resource Management

80-82

30 An Inclusive Approach of Socio-Economic And Political Justice Under Panchayati Raj Institution

Manish Parshuram Pawar, Dr. Ashok Shankarrao Pawar

Law 83-84

31 Digitization of Broadcasting Materials and its Necessity Jayashree Panda Library Science 85-86

32 An Emerging Perspective with Reference to Value Chain Management

Dr. Ashvin H. Solanki, Dr. Ramesh A. Dangar

Management 87-89

33 Advertising effectiveness of Print and Electronic media – A Review of Literature

Supriya Tandon Management 90-91

34 Green Marketing: A Study of Consumer Buying Behavior with regards to Eco-friendly products in Gujarat

Prof. Ankit Gandhi,Dr. Ashvin H. Solanki

Management 92-95

35 Perceived relational satisfaction of employees in Traditional banks of Kerala with their Counterparts in MNCs, New Generation Banks, IT professionals, Entrepreneurs and Persons working abroad

Dr. P. M. Ferose,Pro.Saji Kuriakose

Organisational Behaviour

96-98

36 Ageing Population in India: Its Implications D.Kodandarami Reddy,Dr.T.Chandrasekarayya

Social Sciences 99-101

Volume : 1 | Issue : 6 | June 2012 ISSN - 2250-1991

PARIPEX - INDIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH X 9

Research Paper

* Assistant Professor, P.G. Dept. of Commerce, University of Jammu (J&K)

Keywords : financial service, credit facilities, economic activity, deposit, credit requirement

Commerce

Role of Women Co-Operative Credit Societies in J&K - A Study

* Tarsem Lal

Most of the studies have shown that women are the last to be covered by any kind of organized financial service and their economic activity is considered non-productive. So, they are not in a position to access the banking system. This also explains the low percentage of credit facility availed by women in our State. In order to meet the credit requirement of women, setting up of micro enterprises is the best strategy to empower them besides graduating them to entrepreneurship. In India including our State, gender disparity, despite efforts from various quarters, continues to persist and plague our society. It assumes significance since women constitute about 49% of the population. They make up one third of the deposit at the national level as against 48% in the State. In the present study an attempt has been made to explain the role of women co-operative credit society in J&K.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTIONThe main objective of a women financial institution is that it can cater to the financial requirements of women belonging to all sections of society. It is a fact that most of the women whether they are from urban or rural areas, have negligible role in decision making especially in financial matters. Well educated and professionally trained rich women are also not able to take decisions about their future because they too lack financial empowerment. Therefore, it is necessary that a women financial institution having women friendly attitude is created.

STATUS OF WOMEN IN J&K AS PER CENSUS 2001 REPORT.The following tables give a brief look at the status of women in J&K based on census 2001.

PopulationStatus Males % Females % Total %Rural 39,25,846 74 36,38,762 76 75,64,608 75Urban 13,74,728 26 11,30,581 24 25,05,309 25Total 53,00,574 100 47,69,343 100 1,00,69,917 100

Sex RatioRural Urban Total

J&K 927 822 900i.e for every 1000 males proportionate ratio of females is1000: 900

Literacy Rate (Percentage) Male Female Total

Rural 60.34 35.09 48.22Urban 80.30 82.22 72.17Total 65.75 41.82 54.46

Workers Classification

Category Male Female Total %age of female

Cultivators 10,23,149 5,76,507 15,99,656 36Agri. Labourers 1,94,887 53,690 2,48,577 22Mfg.Servicing and Household Industry

1,18,995 1,10,615 2,29,610 48

Other workers 13,04,317 3,06,715 16,11,032 19Total 26,41,348 10,47,527 36,88,875 28

Although, the data regarding flow of credit to women is not available, it is estimated that about 20% credit under Govt. Sponsored Schemes goes to women. The banks with Women Development Cells set up by the following banks with the fi-nancial assistance from NABARD, provide the following data on coverage of women entrepreneurs (As on 31st March, 2003):

Share of women entrepreneurs in credit disbursement

S. No. Bank Total

CreditCumulative disburse-ments *

%age share of women

1. J&KState Coop.Bank 6,354.81 107.48 1.69

2. AnantnagCentral Coop.Bank 3,665.24 56.40 1.53

3. Jammu Central Coop.Bank 14,625.65 713.09 4.88

4. JammuRuralBank 10,206.57 1,624.00 15.91

Source: Co-operative unit Jammu.

From the above table it can be said that how poorly the wom-en in our State are covered by banks. It can be felt that the existing Banks show little interest in financing women, even in case where no securities are required. No women Coopera-tive bank/credit society would be serving the cause of women if it does not include ‘micro credit’ in its aims and services.

Micro FinancingMicro credit is defined as provision of thrift, credit and other financial services and products of very small amount to the poor in rural, semi-urban for enabling them to raise their in-come levels and improve living standards.

Women EntrepreneurshipA women cooperative credit society can cater to the special needs of women in a better way. For example, Mahila Ut-karsh Nagrik Sahakari Bank Ltd., a leading all-women bank in Ahmedabad offers special services to women which are as under:

1. Unsecured loans up to Rs 1500/ for special occasions, cottage and small industries, education and contingen-cies.

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2. Vehicle loans for vehicles to be used for attending busi-ness places etc.

3. Hypo loan for purchase of domestic articles, refrigerators, T.V., other consumer goods etc.

4. Housing loan for purchase of residential building, office building, factory shed etc.

5. Speedy gold loans against gold ornaments.

Special Concession in the Share Value for Poor WomenMicro finance cannot be provided to poor ladies through a credit Society if they are not its members. Share value of Rs. 1000/- may be a deterrent in this. Solution to this is that such women can be organised in SHGs (Self Help Groups). Self Help groups of 10 ladies each belonging to poor sections of society shall be formed. This SHG shall take one member-ship. In fact, the whole idea is an improved version of small kitties/committees which are very popular among ladies be-longing to all sections of society.

Advantages of financing through SHGsAn economically poor individual gains strength as part of a group. Besides, financing through SHGs reduces transaction costs for both lenders and borrowers. While lenders have to handle only a single SHG account instead of a large num-ber of small sized individual accounts, borrowers as part of a SHG cut down expenses on travel to and from the branch and other places for completing paper work and on the loss of workdays in canvassing for loans.

Organizational structure of Women Cooperative Credit Societies.All shareholders together shall form the General Body of the Credit Cooperative and shall elect 10 members to form the Board of Management, including a Chairperson and a Vice-Chairperson, which will run the affairs of the Society for a pe-riod of three years as per the J&K Self-reliant Cooperative Act of 1999. After the expiry of this tenure, fresh elections shall be held. At all times, the Board of this cooperative shall have two members who have practical banking experience. To begin with, immediately after the registration is done by the Regis-trar, Cooperative Societies, a Board of Management shall be nominated to manage the affairs of the Credit Cooperative for a period of one year after which elections shall be held for the constitution of an elected Board.

Legal Framework of Women Cooperative Credit SocietiesThis Credit Cooperative would be registered under and gov-erned by the Self Reliant Cooperative Act, 1999. The said Act allows complete freedom to the Cooperatives registered under it to run their affairs. Besides, all activities of the credit cooperative shall be governed by a set of rules and regula-tions in the form of its Articles of Association besides other relevant laws.

Functions Of Women Cooperative Credit Society In Jammu division, branches at three district headquarters at Jammu, Udhampur and Kathua shall be opened in the begin-ning. In Kashmir division, branches shall, in the beginning, be opened at Srinagar, Anantnag and Baramulla. In course of time and on the basis of volume of business being conducted in an area, new branches shall continue to come up. These shall also be opened on the basis of membership. Any area having 500 members shall be considered for setting a branch.

Sources of Finance Of Women Co-operative Credit SocietyA co-operative credit can raise financea. By issuing sharesb. By obtaining depositsc. By raising loans d. By securing Govt. assistance in any form

REFERENCES

1.Mathur (1971),” A critical Analysis of Cooperative Movement India Planning Economy,” Sahitya Bhawan, Agra. | 2.Howard. John A, and Jagdish N. Sheth (1969), “The Theory of Buyer Behaviour”, Homewood IL Irwin. 16.Himachalam. D (1991), “Management of Consumer Cooperative”, Mittal Publication, New Delhi. | 3.Goel. S.L and B.B(1979), “Principles, Problems and Prospects of Cooperative Administration”, Sterling Publisher Pvt. Ltd; New Delhi. | 4.Dwivedi. C. R. (1996), “Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics”, | Vol.51, No. 4, Oct — Dec. | 5.Nagesh, “Hour of Crisis — Consumer Cooperatives Must Take The Lead”, ICC, Vol. 18, No. 3, 1991. | 6.Department of Information, J&K, Srinagar. | 7 Working Reports of Cooperative Unit Jammu.

e. By receiving donationsf. By entrance feesg. By issuing cash certificates

Financial Services offered by Cooperative Credit Societies1. Loan for enterprises owned and run by women members.2. Loan for vocational trainings/education/marriage of the

girl child.3. Housing loan for purchase of residential building, office

building, factory shed etc4. Loan for purchase of vehicles, domestic appliances like

refrigerators, T.Vs and other consumer goods.5. Unsecured loans up to Rs.25,00 /- for special occasions

and contingencies.6. Speedy loans against gold ornaments.7. Consultancy service for women entrepreneurs8. Lockers facility.

Role of Cooperative Credit Societies in the Empower-ment of womenFinancial empowerment of women is one of the most impor-tant determinant in deciding the status of a woman within her own family and in her social circle. This Credit Cooperative will be an exclusive woman financial institution specially created for fulfilling the credit requirements of women entrepreneurs, consumption needs of all women and also reducing tensions of their social responsibilities like education and marriages of their children by providing special loans for such purposes. Not only this, a special Consultancy Cell shall be created in it to provide guidance to women interested in availing any kind of loan and also all possible support to women entrepreneurs in making their ventures successful. Having such a friendly financial in-stitution shall strengthen the confidence of women and of their family members in their innovativeness and enterprising abili-ties. This will ultimately contribute towards building a conducive atmosphere for women willing to start their own ventures and will also help in the enrichment of the quality of women’s life.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGYIn the present study, the data was collected with the help of a structured questionnaire and an interview schedule. The questionnaire for collecting information about the role of women cooperative society in J&K. It was circulated among Managing Directors, Registrar co—operatives, Managers, Account Officers etc. Expert opinion of knowledgeable per-sons on co-operatives credit societies were also recorded. An interview schedule was circulated among 200 respondents of various women cooperative credit societies.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDYThe research study was undertaken with the following objec-tives in view.1. To evaluate the activities and strategy of women coopera-

tive credit society in J&K.. 2. To critically analyse the various components of women

cooperative credit society in J&K. 3. To measure the perception of women respondents to-

wards the performanceof women cooperative credit soci-ety in Jammu and Kashmir

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDYThe present study suffers from the following limitations. 1. The study is area specific.2. Detailed data regarding flow of credit to women is not

available.3. In most of the cases the consumers were not enthusiastic

in reporting. In these cases the accuracy of the data can-not be taken to core.

4. Though every care has been used to be objective yet the possibility of subjective interpretation in some areas cases cannot be ruled out.

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102 X PARIPEX - INDIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH