Index

Figures in bold refer to the biographies

and / or illustrations

a

Karl Abraham 522, 523, 528, 530- 532

Raimund Abraham 546, 574, 575, 574, 575

Antal Abt 241 Friedrich Achleitner 418, 481,481,483,

484, 485, 488, 570 J~nos Acz~l 251 Andor Adam 61 Alfred Adler 66, 518, 521,521,

529, 533 Bruno Adler 71 Raissa Adler 521 Theodor W. Adorno 26, 142, 402, 447,

478 Marc Adrian 106, 106, 142, 146,

148, 148, 355 Robert Adrian X 363,363 Endre Ady 442, 444 August Aichhorn 521,524, 527, 528 Howard Aiken 323 Alciphon 166 Josef Albers 123 David Albert 188 Leon Battista Alberti 166, 354 Bernhard Alexander 521 Franz Gabriel Alexander 521,522 J.W. Alexander 307 Laszl6 Alexander 60, 87, 87, 88 Paul Allen 351 Rudolf Allers 265 Laszl6 AIp:lr 248 Franz von AIt 326 Peter Altenberg 300 N. Altmann 61, 67 Regina Altstedt 522 Anaxagoras 220 Anaximander of Miletus 187 Simon Andor Lou Andreas-Salom~ Andras J. Angyan Frigyes Antal Guillaume Apollinaire Louis Aragon Daniel Arany Archigram Archimedes Alexander Archipenko Rudolf Arnheim Aristotle

Martin Arnold Gerd Arntz Hans Arp

67 534 311,311,327 446, 447, 449, 451 57 477 241 577 185, 187-189, 404 60, 67, 70 94, 109, 238 157, 185, 188, 197, 300, 463 152, 152 7, 591 60, 61, 64, 66-68, 82

Kenneth Arrow H.C. Artmann Boris Arvatov W.R. Ashby Michael Atiyah Carl Aub6ck Augustine Amadeo Avogadro R. Axelrod Alfred Julius Ayer

406 Beau 87 418, 481,481 Gottfried Bechtold 190, 221,356, 362, 61 362, 418, 498, 499, 328 499 255 Johannes R. Becker 58 68 Konrad Becker 294, 364, 364 209 Otto Beckmann 294, 357, 357, 546, 162 580 408 Richard Beer-Hoffmann 448 456 Adolf Behne 67

b Johannes Baader 59 Baader-Meinhof group 577 Mihaly Babits G~bor Bachman

Ernst Bachrich Ron Baecker Roger Bacon Alexander Bain BEla Bal&sz

Nandor Balasz Alice B~lint

Mihaly Balint

Hugo Ball Giacomo Balla Richard Baltzer HonorE de Balzac Stefan Banach K. Bandat Zsuzsa B&nki Robert B~r~ny Masa Baranyai Weston La Barre Sandor Barta Roland Barthes BEla Bart6k

Istvan Bart6k Gregory Bateson Mikl6s B&thor Charles Baudelaire Jean Baudrillard Otto Bauer Willi Baumeister A.E. Baumgarten Peter Baumgartner Claire Bauroff Herbert Bayer

Konrad Bayer

Irene Bayer-Hecht Beatles

513 546, 559, 559, 560, 561 67 343 185 352 66, 84, 338-341, 418, 444-447,446, 44 7, 449-454, 513, 529 238 514, 515, 517-519, 521,521,522 513-516, 518, 522, 522 525 19,41 242 58 258 324 71, 76 422, 434, 434 76, 250 519 60, 67, 68, 69, 70 108, 504 58, 67, 444, 446, 450, 452 339 27 339 4, 477 219, 597, 598 448, 476 61, 67 157 32 44, 44 70, 546, 586, 589, 590, 589, 590 142, 144, 418, 481, 481,483,484 589 577

Peter Behrens 66 L~szl6 Beke 504 Man6 Beke 245 GySrgy von B~k~sy 32, 122, 418, 431,

433, 433, 434 John Bell 189, 212-217, 218 Therese Benedek 522 Tibor Benedek 522 Otto Benesch 473 Walter Benjamin 70, 476 Gottfried Benn 589 Max Bense 108 Jeremy Bentham 405 Vittorio Benussi 23-26, 24, 25, 29 Sophie Benz 525 Bal&zs BeSthy 418, 504, 505, 504,

505 (:tienne BEothy 55, 57, 69, 368, 384,

385, 384-386 Anna B~othy-Steiner 55, 384 Gyula Benczur 71 Max Benirschke 38 Szaniszl6 B~rczi 154, 179-181 Robert B~reny 57, 69, 535 Max Berg 67 Elisabeth Berger 529 Otti Berger 68, 71, 76, 77 Gundi Berghold 353, 356 Gustav Bergmann 456 Henri Bergson 43, 471 Georges Berkely 426 Istvan Berkes 250 Aural Bernath 60, 67, 68, 69 T. Berners-Lee 330 Siegfried Bernfeld 515, 522, 526 Ilse Bernheimer 37 Ludwig von Bertalanffy 32, 368, 371,376,

377, 376, 377, 380 Franca Bertram 208 Bertrand-Taillet 87 Friedr. v. Berzeviczy-Pallavicini 37 Hans A. Bethe 224, 288, 440 Bruno Bettelheim 508, 522, 522 Joseph Beuys 577 Richard Biel 568 H. Bielowski 327 Gudrun Bielz 353, 356 Julian Bigelow 299 G.D. Birkhoff 251

602

Joseph Binder 586, 594, 594 G. Birkhoff 196 William Blake 584 John Blackmore 423 Wilhelm Blaschke 261,265 John M. Blatt 224 Franz Blei 529 Andr~ Bloc 557 Ernst Bloch 444, 529 A. Blok 58 IrOn BI0h 77, 77 Alfred Blumberg 457 Umberto Boccioni 58 M. Boden 471 G~bor BOdy 10, 294, 338, 339,

340, 341,395, 559 Alexander Bogdanov 22 Hubert Bognermeyer 356 Jakob BOhme 444 Niels Bohr 137, 188, 208, 212,

224, 405, 435, 437, 439

Heinrich B011 143 Ludwig Boltzmann 8, 196, 208, 234, 235,

238, 267, 282, 283, 421,422,427, 463

Farkas Bolyai 238, 242, 243, 24:2, 251

Janos Bolyai 238, 242, 243, 242, 251

Bernard Bolzano 421,422 Enrico Bombieri 269 Marie Bonaparte 528 Baldassare Boncompagni 243 Ecke Bonk 586, 595, 596, 595,

596 Armand Borel 255 Jorge Luis Borges 59, 60, 67 Max Born 208, 224, 280 I~va T. Bortnyik 140, 140 Sandor Bortnyik 45, 50, 57, 58, 60, 61,

61-63, 64, 67-69, 70, 74, 77, 546, 549, 550, 560

Gertrud Bortstieber 447 Ruggiero Guiseppe Boscovich 187, 188,

219, 220 B@la Bosny~k 442 Raoul Bott 238, 255, :255 Kenneth Boulding 376 Pierre Boulez 142 Braumann 61 Nikolas Braun 84, 89, 89 Alfred E. Brehm 373 Olaf Breidbach 31 Franz Brentano 22, 23, 25, 422, 456,

463 Andr~ Breton 395, 567 Josef Breuer 68, 433

Marcel Breuer

David Brewster Leonid Brezhnev Ossip Brik Max Brod M. Brommer Max Bronstein Marcel Broodthaers L.E.J. Brouwer Hank Brosin Alexis Brown Crum Brown J.M. Bruckner Ernst Br0cke Wolfgang Brunbauer Egon Brunswik G0nter Brus Martin Buber Bruno Buchberger Wolfgang Buchner Maurizio Bueno Charlotte B0hler Karl B0hler Michelangelo Buonarotti Daniel Buren V. Burgin Dorothy Burlington William Buxton

57, 68-76, 76, 546 , Christo 577 549, 550, 555, 555, Chuang-Tzu 188, 220 556, 560 Alonzo Church 260 92 West Churchman 301 477 Rudolf Clausius 282 61 Johann Cigler 261 66, 529 Franz Cizek 40, 41,41, 42, 45, 66 67 Cizek School 12, 40, 42, 50, 52, 62 68 Paul Claudel 529 504 Jean Cocteau 60, 67, 158 259, 270, 468 Jonas Cohn 436 299 Auguste Comte 438, 457 58 Tony Conrad 141 433 John Horton Conway 338, 387, 417, 469 132, 132 Coop Himmelb(I)au 546, 559, 572, 573, 18 573, 577-579, 578, 574 579 25-27, 25, 27, 473 Nicolas Copernicus 187, 301,470, 476 537, 539, 540 Le Corbusier 64, 67, 565, 570 445, 523, 529 Stanley Coren 29 261 R.N. Coudenhove-Kal~rgi 67 110, 110 Charles A. Coulomb 182 97 Richard Courant 246 25, 26, 523 Malcolm Cowley 61 22, 25-27, 475 Francis Crick 199

74 Attila Cs~ji 137-139, 137-139 504 G~za Csath 513 504 /kkos Cs~sz~r 244, 2.50, 251 524 G~bor Csaszari 190, 228, 228 343 Tibor Csiky 395

Imre Csisz~r 284 Attila CsOrgO 190, 229, 230, 229,

230 Charles A. Csuri 294, 338, 346, 347,

346, 347 Pierre Curie 161 Alice Cziner 526 Dezs6 Czipany 57 B~la CzObel 57

C

Ludwig Cacinovic 73 Gert Caden 67 John Cage 142, 598 R. Cailiau 330 Renzo Canestrani 24 Elias Canetti 477 W.B. Cannon 328 Georg Cantor 259, 463 Ernst Caramelle 356 Constantin Carath~odory 257, 258 Rudolf Carnap 197, 261, 418, 421,

422,425, 427, 456- 460, 462, 463, 464, 523

Marcel Carn~ 70 Ernst Cassirer 424, 475 Suzanne Cassirer-Paret 523 Jean Casson 69 Carlos Castaneda 189, 301 Castell 87 Blaise Cendrars 57, 59, 60, 61 Paul C~zanne 11, 57, 491,494 Marc Chagall 67 Houston St. Chamberlain 475 Charlie Chaplin 598 Erwin Chargaff 154, 157-159 Gilbert K. Chesterton 395

d Salvador Dali 123, 123 A.R. Damaiso 410 Klara Dan 307, 399 G. Daniels 530 Arthur C. Danto 504 Charles Darwin 210, 303, 401,407 Harold Davenport 262 Ferenc De~k 339 Max Delbr0ck 198 Democritus 463 Agnes Denes 546, 584, 584 Val~ria G. D~nes 57 D. Dennett 407 Kathe Deppner 208 Andr~ Derain 58 Gyula Derkovits 69 Paul Derm~e 67 Jacques Derrida 559, 578

603

Tibor D@ry Ren@ Descartes Robert Desnos David Deutsch Felix Deutsch Helene Deutsch Walter Dexel Ernest Dichter Friedl Dicker Denis Diderot

60,67,69 185,219,422,463 69 188,218 523,523 523,523,534 60,66 25 68,546,562 158,166

Georges Didi-Huberman 172 Val@ria Dienes 43, 43 L~szl6 Dienes 84 Jean Dicaudonn@ 260 Wilhelm Dilthey 444 Hugo Dingier 422, 423 Paul Dirac 224, 438 Ludwig D6bler 18, 20 Alfred D6blin 529 Theo van Doesburg 60, 61, 64, 66, 67, 68,

69, 72-74, 565 G0nther Domenig 546, 576, 576 Oskar Donau 48, 52 Fjodor Dostoyevsky 446, 449, 452,494 James Drever 25

Alexandr Drewin 61 Carl Th. Dreyer 144 Pierre and Henri Droz 308 Marcel Duchamp 25, 25, 504, 567 Albert Ducrocq 313 Ilona Duczynska 443 Karel Dudesek 294 George Duhamel 57 Pierre Duhem 422, 428 Dunajec 59 Hanns Dunstmann 590 Albrecht D0rer 157, 160 A. Duschek 323 Johann Dvorak 476 Adolf Dyroff 475 Freeman J. Dyson 277, 278

e Paul Earls 97 John Earman 281 Edoxos 463 Loys Egg 500 Viking Eggeling 60, 61, 67, 84, 142,

144, 383 Ilya Ehrenburg 61 Paul Ehrenfest 257, 323 Christian yon Ehrenfels 22, 23, 25 Albert Ehrenstein 529 Carl Ehrenstein 58, 66 Enid Eichholz 522 Richard Eier 327 Manfred Eigen 408, 411, 417

Albert Einstein 123,129,182,187, 189,190,198,199, 208,209,230,238, 260,268,277,278, 280,288,289,288, 289,291,307,350,

401,405,422,423,

431,435-437,439,

440,457,463

Dwight D. Eisenhower 193 Sergej M. Eisenstein 143, 144 Kurt R. Eissler 25, 524 Max Eitingon 519 Rudolf Ekstein 523, 524, 524 Paul Eluard 67, 477 Paul Emerich 67 David Georges Emmerich 546, 557, 557 Empedokles 157 Friedrich Engels 478, 519 G~sp~r Endre 69 Egon Engelien 67 Vederigo Enriques 11 L6r~nd Eo tv6s 241,431,438 J6zsef E6tv6s 241 Epimenides 270 Mikl6s Erd#~ly 395, 418, 507, 560 P~I Erd6s 238, 248-250, 248,

249, 252-254, 253,254

Emil H. Erikson 25 Theodor Erismann 27, 28 Manfred Erjautz 586, 599, 599 Max Ernst 567 Paul Ernst 445, 448 Wolfgang Ernst 418, 496, 571 Fedo Ertl 356 M.C. Escher 123, 166 Gustav yon Escherich 257, 258 etoy 356 Euclid 185, 242, 243 Hugh Everett 187-189, 218 Sigmund Exner 31, 31 Valie Export 150, 150, 355, 356,

418, 498, 508, 544, 544

f Gerd Faltings 269 Michael Faraday 17 Gyula Farkas 241 Ernst Theodor Fechner 18 Paul Federn 516, 521,524, 524,

526, 527, 530, 531, 535

Solomon Feferman 406 Herbert Feigl 422,456, 457,462 Lyonel Feininger 72 Lip6t Fej~r 238, 241,243-246,

244, 245, 248, 251

William Feller Florent Fels Otto Fenichel

Beni Ferenczy Sandor Ferenczi

Enrico Fermi Leon Festinger G0nther Feuerstein Paul K. Feyerabend

Richard Feynman Lajos Filep David Finkelstein

260 58 508, 515-520, 515, 516, 530, 531 444, 447 508, 511-517, 514, 521, 522, 525-529, 530-532 123, 288, 289 23 570, 570, 571, 574 418, 421-423, 426, 472,472 440 444 188

Sebastian Finsterwalder 264 Fibonacci 387, 387 Johann Gottlieb Fichte 445 Gertrude Fischel Ernst Fischer Ernst Fischer Oskar Fischer Oskar Fischinger Armistead Fitzhugh Ludwig Fleck Trude Fleischmann Hans Florey Vil~m Flusser Ethel Fodor Heinz von Foerster

Uzzi von Foerster B~la Fogarasi

Peter F61des Luciano Folgore Alfred Forbath

Alexander Forbes Henry Ford P~ter Forg~cs Raoul H. Franc~

Annie Franc~-Harrar James Franck Josef Frank Lawrence K. Frank Philipp Frank

Herbert W. Franke Felix Frankl Paul Theodore Frankl Franz Joseph Maurice Fr@chet E. Fredkin Friedrich L.G. Frege

50

265 418, 476, 476 60, 72 84 564 421,422 44, 44, 57 111,111 93

71, 76, 77

31, 31, 32, 294, 297-

302, 297, 326, 328

3OO

424, 446, 449, 451-

453

338

60

66, 66, 68, 69, 71, 72, 73, 75, 77, 546, 552, 552, 560 300 502 508, 536, 536 368, 371-373, 371- 373, 549 373 224, 288, 440 268 300 267, 267, 268, 422, 423, 456, 457, 460, 462 356 259, 259 546, 563 304, 431 26O 219 271,463

604

Frei Otto 557 Frank Fremont-Smith 297, 299, 300 Else FrenkeI-Brunswik 25-27, 26 Anna Freud 524, 524, 526, 528,

529 Sigmund Freud 22, 209, 473, 494,

508, 511-515, 513, 517, 521,523-529, 524, 530, 532-535

Antal Freund 511 Anton von Freund 529 Krisztian Frey 294, 345, 345 Yona Friedman 557, 576 Caspar David Friedrich 559 Johannes Frischauf 243 M. Frischauf-Pappenheim 531 Martha Fritsch 534 Fr61ich 71 Erich Fromm 513 Laszl6 Fuchs 251 Lajos FOlep 424, 446, 449-453 Buckminster Fuller 154, 162, 163, 590 Paul Funk 261 Philipp Furtwangler 238, 257, 257, 261,

262, 269, 271 Wilhelm Furtwangler 257

g Gabor Gaal 84 Naum Gabo 61, 78 Andr~ Gabor 119, 447 ~,ron Gabor 339 D~nes Gabor 93, 119, 119, 122,

123, 129, 130, 138 Ulrike Gabriel 364 Claudius Galenus 600 Galileo Galilei 8, 185, 404, 441 Sandor Galimberti 57 Tibor Gallai 248, 250 Luigi Galvani 327 George Gamov 440 Heinz Gappmayr 418, 489, 490, 489,

490 Karoly Garay 450 Domenico Gargiulo 559 Endr~ Gaspar 64, 64 Ilse Gassinger 356 Bill Gates 351 Carl Friedrich Gauss 242, 243 Tibor Gayor 170, 170, 338 Ernest Gellner 423 Eugen Gendlin 525 Karl Gerbel 356 Sandor Gergely 57, 84 Tibor Gergely 45, 446, 447, 449 Georg Ger6 515-518 Gy~rgy Ger6 86, 86 Richard Gerstl 142, 537 James B. Gibson 25, 28, 473

Bruno Gironcoli 539 O.H.W. Hadank Ernst yon Glasersfeld 32,294, 303, 303 Bernhard Hafner Henrik Glauber 67 H. Haga Albert Gleizes 60, 61 Hans Hahn Kurt G~del 9, 10, 122, 189, 197,

219, 238, 260, 260, 261,270, 270, 271, 277-281,277, 327, Olga Hahn-Neurath 398, 402, 403, 418, Tibor Hajas 438, 456, 462, 463 , I~tienne Hajd0 468 Friedrich von Hajek

G6dr6s 57 Andras Hajnal Johann W. von Goethe 5, 157, 322 Rosza Hajn6czy Vincent van Gogh 58 Edit Hajos Martin Goldstern 261 John Halas Hermann H. Goldstine 304 Andras Halasz Ivan Goll 57, 58, 60, 61, 66, 67, Rudolf Hailer

529 Paul Richard Halmos Ernst H. Gombrich 27, 418, 473,473, Leo Halpern

474, 478 George Bruce Halstead 243 Heinrich Gomperz 456, 475 Gerta Hammerschmied 51 Eugen Gomringer 481 Gusztav Hamos Nelson Goodman 425 Haim Hanani Maria G6ppert Meyer 438 Fanny Hann-Kende Eberhard Gothein 449 J. Hans-Jenson H. G6tschl 391 N.R. Hansen Stephen Jay Gould 211 Simon Hanta'f Jelena Grabenko 450 Karoly Hantos Vitus Graber 372 Hao Wang Werner Graeff 67, 84 Eva Harand-Schreiber Inge Graf & Zyx 356 Godfrey Harold Hardy El Greco 561 Angela Hareiter Lily Greenham 4, 39 Jen6 Harnik Pal Greguss 129-132, 129, 132 Molly Harrower Wolfgang Gr6bner 257, 261 John C. Harsanyi Walter Gropius 64, 66-68, 71-73, 75,

76, 78, 549, 590 Fritz Hartlauer Hans Gross 525 Otto Gross 59, 508, 525, 525 R.V.L. Hartley Peter Gross 525 Heinz Hartmann George Grosz 60, 67 Moritz Hartmann Marina Grover 28 Gottfried Hattinger Leslie R. Groves 440 Paul Hatvani G~za Gr•nwald 248 A. Hauenschild Peggy Guggenheim 565 Josef Matthias Hauer Ingo G~nther 364 Felix Hausdorf Fritz Gurlitt 61 Arnold Hauser Albert Paris G~tersloh 529 Giselherr Guttmann 32 Gabor Gy6rfi 340 Raoul Hausmann Edith Gy6mr6i 446, 447, 450, 515,

517-519 Haus-Rucker-C o.

h Howard Hawks Hans Haacke 504 Agnes Hay Alfred Haar 241,244, 247, 251 Friedrich von Hajek Fritz Haber 288, 435 Donald Hebb Wenzel Hablik 546, 568, 568 Friedrich Hebbel lan Hacking 406 Paul Heberer

67 575,576, 576 434 238,257,258,257, 258,260-263,265, 422,439,456-459, 462,463 265,456 508,545,545 386 28,421,422 248 536 45,446,446 338 418,506 422 238 67

348,348 248 516 438 422 172,173,172,173 339 9 483 262 574 525 300 368,398,399,404- 406,404,408,410 368,387,388,387, 388 283 25, 526, 530 526 356 57 328 67, 141,359 259 418, 424, 446, 447, 449,451,453,473, 478-480,478,479 54,60,61,67,72,74, 75,82,83,82,83 546,572,572,573, 577 70 338 405 31 444 73

605

Selig Hecht 288 Agnes HegedQs 339 ErzsEbet HegedOs 45 G.W.F. Hegel 157, 444, 463 Martin Heidegger 502 Fritz Heider 25, 25, 26 Hans Heilbronn 262 John L. Heilbron 435, 436 Anthony Heilbut 2 Werner Heisenberg 208, 224, 277, 284,

405, 437, 440 Andre Heller 572 Eduard Helly 258, 258 Walter Helly 68 Hermann von Helmholtz 18, 24, 27, 92, 120,

433 Carl Gustav Hempel 183, 422 Jimi Hendrix 577 Johann Friedr. Herbart 432 Auguste Herbin 69 Gustav Herglotz 257, 258, 261 Ewald Hering 120, 206 Imre Hermann 514-518, 522, 526,

526 Theo Hermann 28 Emanuel Herrmann 426 Heinrich Hertz 352, 422, 427 Walter Herzger 73 Hermann Hesse 59, 525 Franz Hessler 73 Gy6rgy von Hevesy 418, 431,434-437,

435 Nazim Hikmet 477 Ludwig Hilberseimer 67, 84 David Hilbert 9, 194, 243,245, 246,

257, 258, 262, 270, 271,278, 280, 281, 431,438, 463

A.V. Hill 288 Jaakko Hintikka 406 Hippocrates 600 G~nter HirscheI-Protsch 67 Ludwig Hirschfeld-Mach 75 Fritz Hirzebruch 255 Adolf Hitler 297, 350, 440, 531 Eduard Hitschmann 526, 526, 530 Edmund Hlawka 257, 261,269 Thomas Hobbes 406 Julian E. Hochberg 25 Anton Hofer 36, 37, 40 Willi Hoffer 526 Hedwig Hoffer-Schaxel 526 Josef Hoffmann 33, 35, 38, 39, 66,

358, 546, 589 Peter Gerwin Hoffmann 355 Alois H6fler 23, 23, 422 Hans Hofmann 41, 51 Nikolaus Hofreiter 257 Peter R. Hofst~tter 25

Torfin R. Hogness 288 Hans Hollein 546, 570, 571,571,

577 Istvc~n Holl6s 511, 514, 516, 522,

527, 527 Ruth Holl6s 71, 76 Simon Hollosy 71 Adolf Hoelzel 33 Michael Holzer 572 Rudolf H6nigsfeld 66 Raymond M. Hood 564 W.G. Horner 17, 93 Sabina H6rtner 177, 177 J~nos Horvath 251 Timo Huber 574 Douglas Huebler 499 Richard Huelsenbeck 60, 67 Johan Hug6 71 Vicente Huidobro 61,67 Markus Huemer 356 Hermine Hug-Hellmuth 508, 527 Alexanderv. Humboldt 373 David Hume 404, 427 N. Humphry 410 Friedensreich Hundertwasser 570 Jen6 Hunyadi 241 Witold Hurewicz 258, 258, 263 Edmund Husserl 22, 422, 424 Vilmos Husz~r 61, 64, 69, 73, 74, 84,

551 Evelyn Hutchinson 299, 300 Eilfried Huth 576, 576

i Ignotus 511 Kurt Ingerl 358, 359, 358, 359 Inverz 399 Arata Isozaki 559 Johannes Itten 68, 71-73, 76, 546,

589

J Max Jacob 58, 67 Edith Jacobson 515, 528 Joseph-Marie Jacquard 308 Erich R. Jaensch 112 Roman Jakobson 597, 600 Pavel Jan~k 561 Marcel Janko 61 Johann Jascha 574 Almos Jaschik 77 Karl Jaspers 445 Oszkar Jaszi 441,452 Gustav Jaumann 438 Jeanneret 61, 64 Ludwig Jekels 527, 527, 530 Zoltc~n Jeney 395, 397 Jesus 399 Hug6 Johann 71-73

Gunnar Johannson Robert Hans Jokl FrEdEric Joliot Ernest Jones Hildegard Joos Pascual Jordan Gy6rgy Jovanovics James Joyce Attila J6zsef Istv~n Juhc~sz

B. von Juhos BEla Julesz

Carl Gustav Jung

Franz Jung Georg Jung

k Mark Kac BEla K~d~r Franz Kafka Otto Kahler Ely Jacques Kahn Friedrich Kainz Gy6rgy Kaldor

Frantisek Kalivoda Ern6 Kallai

L~szI6 Kalm~r

Josef Kalmer Franz Kaltenback Kamardionko Rudolf Kammerer Wassily Kandinsky

Gaetano Kanizsa

Immanuel Kant

Otto Kapfinger E Kappe Judit Kc~r~sz Irma Karczwska A. Kardiner Lajos Kardos Frigyes Karinthy Elisabeth Karlinsky T6dor von Karman

Zsigmond K~rolyi

25 527

288

513, 528

171,171

224

506, 546, 560 80, 91

448, 513 294, 304, 305, 304, 305 422 29, 30, 92, 120, 121, 120, 121, 122-124, 124, 126, 166, 166, 338, 395 190, 208-21 O, 395, 511,525, 533 59, 60 104, 105, 104, 105

122, 248, 254 69 444, 571 73 564 27 446, 447, 449, 450, 454 78, 85 60, 60, 61, 64, 67-69, 71, 76, 77, 79, 84, 92, 368, 382-383, 382 248, 251,294, 306,

306, 338 67 539 67 470 57, 64, 72, 74, 89, 123 24, 29, 112-117, 112, 113, 120 187, 219, 280, 391, 392, 405,422, 444, 445, 456, 457, 468, 474 574 329 71, 76, 77, 77 535 530 25, 26 513 41, 45, 53 248, 418, 431-433, 431,435, 437-439 339

606

Yousuf Karsh Jolan Kassak Lajos Kassak

Rudolf Kassler David Katz Rose Katz Stuart Kauffman Felix Kaufmann Peter Keler O.D. Kellogg GQnter Kelp Alfred Kem@ny

John George Kemeny

Zoltan Kem~ny Zsigmond Kende Friedrich Kenkel GyOrgy Kepes

Johannes Kepler B~la Ker~kjarto Otto F. Kernberg Karoly Kernstok Hugo Kersten John Maynard Keynes Soren Kierkegaard Friedrich Kiesler

Motoo Kimura Orhan Kipcak Ortwin Kirchmayr Paul Kirnig Elem~r Kiss LaszI6 Kiss Peter Kiss Samuel Klatschko Paul Klee Eszter Klein Arthur Klein Felix Klein

Georges Klein Melanie Klein Erika Giovanna Klien Gustav Klimt Gustav Klucis Janos Kmetty Imre Kner Milan Knisak Mike Knoll

44 67

45, 56, 57-60, 59, 60, 61, 64, 62-65, 66-70, 67-70, 74, 92, 358, 560 444 26 26 211 456, 462 73 251 572, 572 58, 61, 64, 67, 69, 79, 84 238, 338, 350, 351, 350 386 442 24 16, 32, 60, 69, 70, 92, 94, 96, 97, 96, 97, 138, 338, 418, 546 185, 209 251 527 57, 69 59 416 444, 446 12, 30, 32, 65, 66, 66, 67, 67, 102, 103, 102, 103, 368, 374, 375, 529, 546, 553, 565, 567, 565-567, 570 414 356 483 42, 42, 66 243 338 340 442, 443 67, 69, 71, 123, 383 254 528 243, 246, 256-258, 431,433 25 514, 528 40, 41, 45, 45, 47, 66 142, 537 560 57, 69 446, 451 561 123

knowbotic research

Heinrich Koch Zoltan Kodaly Arthur Koestler

Kurt Koffka Kiki Kogelnik Peter Kogler Erika Kohler Ivo Kohler Wolfgang KOhler Hans Kohn Heinz Kohut Oskar Kokoschka Andrei Kolmogorov Tamas Komor6czky

294,356,366,367, 366,367 73 58,446,450,452 368,378-381,378- 381,395,418,439, 470,470,471 23,24,26 483 356 28 25,27,28,28,29 23,24,26,26 90 528,526 142,300,529 260 338,338

Boris N. Kompaneysky 29, 29 B~la Kondor D~nes KSnig Gyula KSnig H. KOnig Judit Kopper Mor Korach A. Korn Janos Kornai I~va KOrner Paul Kornfeld R. Kossnik Dezs6 Kosztolanyi Attila Kovacs

Gy6z5 Kovacs Vilma Kovacs Karla Kowalski Karl Kowanz Laszl6 Kozma

Siegfried Kracauer Richard v. Krafft-Ebing Victor Kraft

Leopold Krames Kurt Kranz Karl Kraus Gertrud Krauss Georg Kreisel Kurt Kren

Hans Kretz Antal Kricskovics Richard Kriesche

Ernst Kris

Adolf Krischanetz

560 251 238,243 258 339 442 67 305 57 529 73 513 294,319,320,319, 320,338,559 305 521,521,532 576 356 294,305,318,318, 338 447 533 422,425,456,458, 462 261 589 264, 467, 535 67 265,266 6,30,30,144,144, 146,146,147,147, 149,149 327 138 294,352,354,355, 356,360-362,360- 362,418,496 27,418,473,474, 474,528,528 574

Miroslav Krleza 58 Leopold Kronecker 468 Norbert KroO 137-139, 137-139 Erwin Kruppa 261 Peter Kubelka 141-145, 142, 145,

149 Bohumil KubiOta 561 Stanley Kubrick 307 Viktor Kudielka 323 Janos Kudlak 67, 69 Lajos Kudlak 58, 64 Max Kuhn 67 Richard Kuhn 259 Thomas Kuhn 301,422, 423, 435,

470, 472 Georg Kulka 58 BEla Kun 58, 432, 435, 437 Kunstlabor 365 JOzsef KOrschak 41,243, 248, 251 Thomas Kurtz 350, 351 Otto Kurz 418, 473, 474, 474,

528 Martin Kusch 353, 356 Donald B. Kuspit 474 Frantisek Kynd 560

I Herbert Lachmayer 356 MiklOs Laczkovich 238, 250, 250, 251 Imre Lakatos 418, 423, 468, 468,

469, 472 Laszl6 Lakner 418, 494, 494 Julien Offray de LaMettrie 471 JOzsef Nemes LampErth 57, 60, 61, 69, 446 Fritz Lampl 66, 529 Edmund Landau 246, 254 Lev. D. Landau 224 Gustav Landauer 58, 59, 525 R. Landauer 226 Erwin Lang 300 Heinz Lang 300 Irmgard Lang 49 Kurt Lang 49, 72, 73 Lilith Lang 300, 300 Martin Lang 300 Barbara Lantos 515 Pierre Simon Laplace 190, 277 Emil Lask 445 Sandor Laszl6 84, 85, 138 Max von Laue 288, 439 Laurids 539 D.H. Lawrence 59, 525 D~zs6 Lazar 248 Paul F. Lazarsfelder 25 Bart van der Leck 64 Fernand L~ger 60, 66, 67, 74, 567 George Legrady 294, 349, 349 Gottfried W. Leibniz 158, 187, 404, 416

607

Werner Leinfellner

Hans Leistikow Janos Lcakay Vladimir I. Lenin Josef Lense Hannes Leopoldseder Philipp Lersch Gotthold E.Lessing Anna Lesznai Lajos L(~vi Sherrie Levine Do Levy Lajos L~vy Kurt Lewin D.A. Lewinson Roy Lichtenstein Lichtenthal

391,391,392,398, 399,401,407-410 67 58 22,58,67,443,447 230 356 26 352 445-447, 449, 451 511 504 530 529 23,26,26 26 577 71

Sandor v. Liezen-Mayer 71 JOzsef Ligeti 84 Otto von Lilienthal 371,372 J.V. Linnik 246 Josef Linschinger 272, 272 Istv~n Lipka 251 Jacques Lipschitz 60 El Lissitzky 41, 61, 64, 67, 78, 79,

560, 577, 579 W.K. Livingston 300 John Locke 422 A.E. Loeb 165 Berthold Loeffler 41, 66 Hilde Loewi 534 Adolf Loos 39, 45, 66, 300, 530,

546, 570 Lina Loos 300 Edgar E. Lorch 244 Konrad Lorenz 25, 28, 391,392 Richard Lorenz 435 Peter Lorre 529 Ern5 Lorsy 446, 446 Tam~s Lossonczky 395 LaszI6 Lovasz 238, 250, 250 Emanuel LSwy 27, 473 Karl Ludwig 18 GySrgy Lukacs 58, 418, 424, 444-

454, 444, 447, 448, 468, 477, 478, 513

Auguste and Louis Lumi~re 18, 152 F. Lux 308, 308 Anna Lvova 442

m Wolfgang Maass Ernst Mach

Ludwig Mach Douglas MacArthur Saunders MacLane Robert B. Macleod Janos Macza Alma Mahler

326 8, 9, 18-21, 19-21, 22, 22, 23, 25, 31, 32, 92, 142, 146, 190, 208, 209, 230, 392, 418 , Marshall McLuhan 421-423, 425-430, T. McNulthy 425, 431-440, 443, 456 Medunetzky

432 399 264 25 58, 60, 61, 67, 68, 69 68

VSadimir V. Majakovsky 60 Peter Major 250 Endre Makai 254 Imre Makovecz 561 Kasimir Malevich 41, 61, 64, 74, 92,

396, 579 Bronislaw Malinowski 513, 519 Stephane Mallarm~ 395, 595 Benoit Mandelbrot 259 Marcus Manilius 157 Heinrich Mann 529 Thomas Mann 444, 447, 448 Karl Mannheim 402, 418, 424, 446,

446, 449-454, 471, 478, 513

Franz Marc 58 Etienne Jules Marey 18, 20, 146 Od0n Marffy 57 Emanuel Margold 589 Emilio F.T. Marinetti 57, 66, 67, 67 Zsusa Markos-Ney 71, 76, 77 V. Markov 79 D. Marr 332 Sidney Marshall 350 Lajos Martin 241 Karl Marx 399, 443, 444, 471,

478, 513, 519, 597 G(~nter Matschinger 574 Gordon Matta-Clark 578 Rupprecht Matthaei 20 Janos Mattis-Teutsch 48, 49, 57, 58, 58, 60,

68, 69 Humberto Maturana 301 DOra Maurer 232, 232, 273, 273,

338, 368, 395, 397, 546, 560

Hermann Maurer 294, 326, 329, 330, 329

Otto Mauer 570 Fritz Mauthner 59, 142, 418, 465-

467, 465, 466 Walter Mayer 260, 260, 264 Ernst May 77 Ruth von Mayenburg 477 Bertram Mayer 574 James Clark Maxwell 17, 17, 182, 283-285,

352 John McCarthy 350 Warren McCulloch 27, 294, 297-300,

328,335 150, 342 97 61

Janos Megyik 198, 677, 546, 558- 561,558

Richard Meili 26 Alexius Meinong 22-24, 23, 26, 422,

424 Meister Eckart 444, 446 Georges M~li~s 152 Eduard Melly 238 Heinrich Meng 524 Karl Menger 197, 238, 256, 259,

259, 261-263, 267, 270, 368, 402,402, 403, 421,422, 456, 458, 462, 463

AndrOs Mengyan 133, 134, 133, 134, 338, 339

Walter Menzel 73 Franz Mertens 258, 266 M. Mesarovic 378, 379 Luigi Meschieri 112 Franz X. Messerschmidt 474 Fabio Metelli 24 Nicholas Metropolis 440 H.K. Metzger 142 Wolfgang Metzger 23, 25, 25 Ern5 Metzner 84 Adolf Meyer 72 Hannes Meyer 76, 77, 549 Leslie Mezei 338, 342, 343, 342,

343 A.E. Michotte 26 Laurent Mignonneau 368, 388, 389, 388,

389 D~nes Mihaly 84, 85 Karoly Mihaly 448 Sandor Mikola 438 Antoni Mikolajczyk 560 Darius Milhaud 67 John Stuart Mill 405, 422 J. Milnor 255 Hermann Minkowski 243, 257, 258, 265 Ludwig von Mises 405 Richard von Mises 197, 238, 260, 266,

266, 268, 422, 456 Missing Link 574 Amadeo Modigliani 57 Laszl6 Moholy-Nagy 4, 12, 16, 32, 54, 57,

60, 61, 62, 64, 65, 66- 71, 73-82, 78-82, 84, 85, 91-96, 137, 358, 383, 546, 560, 589, 59O

Sibyl Moholy-Nagy 78 Gertr0d Moiret 45 Abraham Moles 108 Christian MOiler 356 Farkas Molnar 60, 61, 66-69, 71-77,

75, 84, 546, 549, 550, 551,553, 560

608

Vera Molnar 169, 167-169, 338 Piet Mondrian 61, 64, 68, 166, 567 C.-L. de Montesquieu 157 L.J. Mordell 248 Jakob Levy Moreno 66, 67, 508, 529, 529,

530 C. Lloyd Morgan 471 Oskar Morgenstern 6, 326, 368, 398, 398,

399, 401,403-405, 407, 416

Charles William Morris 70, 460, 600 William Morris 570 Philip Marston Morse 255, 288, 307 Harry Mosely 435 Koloman Moser 33, 34, 38, 39, 48, 66,

546 Max Moswitzer 365 Robert Motherwell 395 Otto Muehl 508, 537-539, 539,

542 Erich Mehsam 59, 60, 525 Emil Meller 261 Hermann J. Muller 198 Robert Mulligan 152 A.H. Munsell 135 Gorham B. Munson 61 Cesare L. Musatti 24, 25, 25, 112 Robert Musil 5, 421,422, 448 Daniel Muszka 306 Eadweard J. Muybridge 18, 20, 152,341 Mynona 529

n Josef Nadass 67 Ernest Nagel 456 Pal Nagy 339 Frieder Nake 342 Gernot Nalbach 576, 577, 577 John E Nash 398, 399, 404, 405,

407, 408, 416 Thomas Natschlager 334 Bruce Naumann 355 T.W. Naylor 18 Fritzi Nechansky 50 Antal Nemcsics 135, 136, 135, 136 Csaba Nemes 504, 505, 504, 505 Tiham~r Nemes 294, 305, 305, 308-

314, 308, 338 Andor N~meth 60, 69 Walther Nernst 288 Karl Neubacher 352, 356 Elisabeth Neumann 523 Franz Neumann 423

John von Neumann

Vally Neumann Marie Neurath Otto Neurath

Gertrude Neuwirth Joseph M. Newman Isaac Newton

Nikolau Paul Nipkow Hermann Nitsch

Georg NSbeling Emmy Noether Johannes Nohl Kenneth Noland Hermann Nothnagl Henri Nouveau Martin Novak Aaron Novick Lothar Nordheim Hermann Nunberg Harry Nyquist

o Oskar Obereder M. Oberholzer-Gincburg Oswald Oberhuber

Walter Obholzer William of Occam E. Oeser Mihai Olos Paul Oppenheim Robert Oppenheimer Dezs50rban Leslie Orgel Laurids Ortner Rudolf Ortvay Andreas Osiander Wilhelm Ostwald

Karl Otten J.J.R Oud Craig Owens

6,122,123,129,180, 188,190,193-197, 193,194,224,238, 246,262,270,283, 284,289,294,299, 304,307,307,323, 326,338,350,368, 387,398,399,399, 402-405,416-418, 431,437,437,438, 440,456 68 7 7,59,109,265,418, 421,422,456-460, 462,475,586,591- 593,591-593 42,45,66 152 8,87,90,184,185, 230,277,282,404, 463 313 352 508, 537-539, 541, 571 263 262 59 20 524 69,71,76,84 417 290 194 526,530 122

365,365 530

418,491,492,493, 493 176,176 403 391 561 183 289,440 57 211 571,572,572 251 470 105,135,422,435, 436 57 60 504

Am(~d~e Ozenfant

P Wolfgang Paalen Otto Paecht Hermann J. Painitz Imre Pal Gyula Pap

Victor Papanek Georg Wilhelm Pabst Nam June Paik Muki Pakesch Tibor Papp Claude Parent Rudolf Paris Blaise Pascal

Gordon Pask Louis Pasteur Gyula Pauer Wolfgang Pauli

I.R Pavlov Sabine Payr Giuseppe Peano Dagobert Peche Max Pechstein Josef Peeters Max Peintner

J0zsef Pelikan Sylvia Penther Jean Pecquet Roland Pereszl~nyi Laszl6 P(~ri

Goran Petercol Gabor Peterdi Walter Peterhans Rudolf Petrik Friederike Pezold Franz Pfemfert Gert Pfurtscheller Helga Philipp Jean Piaget Francis Picabia Pablo Picasso

Walter Pichler

Otto Piene Charles S. Peirce Johanna Piesch Gyula Pikler Klaus Pinter Axel Pinz Hans Pitsch

61, 64

20 473 108, 109, 108, 109 93, 118, 118 68, 69, 69, 71, 72, 74, 77 583, 583, 546 84, 532 353, 355 356 339 561 73 157, 321,404, 494, 558 302 161 560 190, 208-210, 208, 209, 224, 259, 437 327 32 259 41, 66 58 67 127, 128, 127, 128, 546, 569 250 52 557 504, 505, 504, 505 56, 57, 60, 61, 64, 68, 69, 72, 74, 74-76, 79, 84 560 70 77 495, 495 356 57 356 107, 107, 148 303 60, 67 41, 57, 58, 60, 67, 131,131 30, 30, 539, 546, 570, 570, 571,577 70 597, 600 323 439, 441 572 331-333, 331 52

609

Walter Pitt 299, 335 Max Planck 277, 288, 426, 463

Josef Ferdinand Plateau 17 Plato 157, 166, 298, 463

O. Plechl 323 Georgij Plehanov 443 Pliny the Elder 157 Ernst Plischke 66 Plotinus 157 Edgar A. Poe 229 Henri Poincar~ 234, 277, 422, 432,

457

Adolf Polanyi 442 John C. Pol~nyi 443 Karoly Pol~nyi 418, 439, 441-443,

441,446, 449

Mih~ly Polanyi 201,206, 418, 422, 431,437, 438, 439, 44 1, 442, 443, 446, 449, 513

Henry Otto Pollak 266 Gybrgy P61ya 238, 245, 246, 245,

246, 260, 307, 418, 441,442, 442

Lev. S. Pontrjagin 259 Joseph Popper-Lynkeus 535 Karl Popper 25, 392, 399, 409,

418, 421-423, 456, 467-469, 469, 472,

473, 480 Leo Popper 418, 441,444, 455,

455 Bertalan P6r 57, 69 Odbn P6r 442 Paul Pbrtner 529 Lajos Pbsa 250 Harald A. Posch 10 Helen Post 44 Emile Leon Post 468 Emily Price Post 44 Nicolas Poussin 561 Markus Prachensky 570 Enrico Prampolini 58, 66, 67, 67, 68 Ludwig Prandtl 432, 433 Aino Prethaler 483 Ilya Prigogine 32 Antoine Prinner 69 Wolf-Dieter Prix 572, 578 Franz Probst 68 Carl Pruscha 576, 577 Ursula POhringer 356 Walter M. POhringer 574 Ivan Puni 60, 82 N. Punin 61 Martin Puryear 560

q Isidor Quartner 529 Willard Van Orman Quine 458

r Ferry Radax 143, 144, 142, 143,

149 S~ndor Rad6 511,526, 530, 530 Tibor Rado 244, 251 Johann Radon 238, 261,266, 267,

269 Gusztav Rados 241,248 Laszl6 Radvanyi 446, 449, 453 Arnulf Rainer 570, 571 Oskar Rainer 90, 90 L~szl6 Rajk 546, 559, 560, 561 F.E. Rakuschan 365, 365 Rose Rand 456 Beate Rank 530, 530 Otto Rank 530-532, 531 R.A. Rankin 253 Raphael 158, 165, 165 Anatol Rapoport 376, 407, 408 Kurt Rathe 67 Floyd Ratliff 434 Maria Ratner 251 LaszIb Ratz 437 Man Ray 61, 91 John Rawls 406, 410 Ronald Reagan 440 Adolf Rehne 60 Wilhelm Reich 508, 513, 517, 530,

531,531,533

Hans Reichenbach 422, 456 Heinz Reichenfelser 51, 66 Fritz Reichsfeld 58 Kurt Reidemeister 238, 255, 259, 263,

265 Berta Reidinger 44 Theodore Reik 531,531 Emil Adolph Reinhardt 529 Hansi Reismayer 66 Johanna Reismayer-Fritsche 41, 52, 66 Hans Reiter 261 L. Reiter 27, 27 Robert Reiter 58, 69 Denise Rent ~ 69 Alfred R~nyi 246-248, 246-248,

250, 284, 532 Alfred Reth 69 M6r Rethy 238, 241 Franz Reuleaux 371 R. Ludwig Reutterer 42, 66 Jbzsef R~vai 447, 450 Pierre Reverdy 60, 67 Gcaza Rc~vc~sz 446, 450, 526, 532 L~szl6 Rc~vc~sz 339 Gilbert Reyle 471 Georg J. Rheticus 470 John Richards 32 Hans Richter 60, 61, 67, 84 Else von Richthofen 525 Frieda von Richthofen 525

Heinrich Rickert 445 Marianne Rie 528 Rupert Riedl 391,392 Alois Riegl 474 Georg Friedro Riemann 463 Frigyes Riesz 238, 241,243-247,

243, 244, 251,258, 306

Rainer Maria Rilke 266, 525 Arthur Rimbaud 477 Alexander W. Rimington 87 Harald Rindler 261 Emma Rito6k 446, 452,453

Joan Riviere 528 Paul Roazen 532 L.W. Rochowanski 40, 41, 45, 52, 66 Alexandr Rodchenko 61, 64, 78

H. Rodenberg 67 Carl R. Rogers 525 Peter Mark Roget 17 G~za R6heim 513, 515-519, 522,

532

Karl Peter Rbhl 67 Hubert Rohracher 27 Alfred Roller 41, 66 Rolling Stones 577 Giulio Romano 571 Franklin D. Roosevelt 289, 431,440 Arturo Rosenblueth 299, 440 Otto E. Rbssler 187-189, 190, 218-

219, 218, 220, 220 Erna Rosenbaum 208 Roszanova 61 Peter R6sza 122 Rent ~ Roth 372, 373

Ernst Rothauser 324 Irma Rothbart 450

Mark Rotho 20, 21 Lillian Rotter 517, 518 Ern6 Rubik 238, 275, 276, 276 E. Rubin 26 Ludwig Rubiner 57 Bernard Rudofsky 585, 585 Constanze Ruhm 355, 356, 501,501 Gerhard ROhm 59, 142, 143, 418,

481,481,483, 486, 484-487

Carl Runge 246 Bertrand Russell 260, 270, 271,302,

422, 457, 463

Semich ROsten 73 Ernest Rutherford 435 Gybrgy Ruttkay 57, 69 Walther Ruttmann 348 T.A. Ryan 25

S

Eliel Saarinen 564 Hanns S a c h s 521,531,532, 532

610

Isidor Sadgers 527, 531 Carl Sagan 189 Manfred Sakel 527, 528 Andre Salomon 58 Salz der Erde 574 H. Samelson 255 Arthur Samuels 328 Peter Sandbichler 355

R.N. Sandford 26 RenE Sarger 557 Jean-Paul Sartre 477 Ferdinand de Saussure 108, 467, 597 Marcel Sauvage 58, 60 Fritz Saxl 473 Franz Scala 68 J~nos Schadl 57 Reinhard Schairer 61 Hans Scharoun 561 Xanti Schawinski 66, 70, 529 Romana Scheffknecht 356 Hugo Scheiber 69 Friedrich W. Schelling 463, 474 Hans Scheugl 147, 149, 149 Wilhelm Schickard 321 Egon Schiele 58, 61,142, 537 Paul Schilder 531,533 Alfons Schilling 12, 29, 30, 30, 125-

127, 125, 126, 148 Anna Schlamadinger 446, 446 Oskar Schlemmer 60, 72, 74 Karl Schlesinger 402 Lajos Schlesinger 241 Moritz Schlick 208, 261,262, 421,

422, 456-458, 462, 463, 464, 475, 523

Frieda Schloffer 525 Julius von Schlosser 27, 473-475 Werner Schmeiser 356 Leopold Schmetterer 261 Arno Schmidt 345 Arthur R Schmidt 187-189 Ernst Schmidt jr. 143, 149, 149 Kurt Schmidt 73, 74 Wolfgang M. Schmidt 238, 269, 269 N. Schmiedeberg 519 Friedrich Schnack 529 Miriam SchnalbeI-H0fflich 67 Ruth Schnell 190, 223, 223, 353,

356 Arthur Schnitzler 300 Eugene Schoen 564 Nicolas Sch6ffer 16, 32, 69, 94, 100,

101,100, 101,138, 294, 315, 316, 315- 317, 315-317, 546

Heinrich Scholz 475 Arnold Sch6nberg 141 Arthur Schopenhauer 157, 494 Lothar Schreyer 73

Erwin SchrOdinger 188, 190, 198-207, 198-200, 21 I, 224, 225, 226, 277, 284, 288, 401,405

Friedrich Schumann 23, 29, 29 Wilhelm Schuppe 463 Ingrid Schuppan 483

Michael Schuster 352,407 Peter Schuster 392,401,408, 411,

417 Margarete SchQtte-Lihotzky 4 Schwartz 71, 77 H.A. Schwarz 245, 265 Rudolf Schwarzkogler 537, ~43 Christoph Schwiedernoch 324 Kurt Schwitters 60, 61, 66, 67, 89 Dana Scott 406 Alexander N. Scriabin 87 John R. Searle 471 Thomas A. Sebeok 586, 600, 601,600,

601

Istv~n Seb0k 72, 75, 84 R. Seeley 255 Arthur Segal 84 G. Segal 255 E. SegrE 435 Irma Seidler 444 Atle Selberg 248 Wilfried Sellars 422 Peter Sellers 307 Reinhard Selten 398, 404, 407, 408 Otto Selz 22 A. Sens 410 Walter Serner 59 J. R Serre 255 Elisabeth Severn 513 Michel Seuphor 67, 68 Claude Shannon 27, 119, 122, 234,

283,323, 327 Arnold Shapiro 255 George Bernard Shaw 57 Peter Shor 188 Waclaw Sierpinski 259 Karl S igmund 261,392,401,407,

417 Paul Signac 20 Hermann SimbOck 574 Georg Simmel 444, 478 Andor Simon 70 Jolc~n Simon 70 Charles Simonyi 306, 351 K~roly Simonyi 351 Franz Singer 546, 562 Izz Singer 255 Ervin Sink6 446, 447 Naum Slutzki 68 Adam Smith 405 John Maynard Smith 211 Marian v. Smoluchowski 285

Michael Snow Anne Solomon Leon V. Solon Jerzy Soltan Werner Sombart Christa Sommerer

Arnold Sommerfeld Hugo Sonnenschein Philippe Soupault Vera T. SOs

141 522 564 557 478 356,368,388,389, 388,389,395 208,405 66,529 67 254

Francisco de Sousa Webber 364 Ferenc Spangher 57 Ernst Specker 255 Christoph Spengemann 60 Oswald Spengler 8 ManEs Sperber 521 Sol Spiegelman 411 Hilde Spiel 261 RenE Spitz 446, 450 Hugo Spitzer 26 Daniel Spoerri 395 Paul Stackel 243 Maria Luzia Stadlmayer-Bieber 36 Josip Stalin 123, 253, 297 Simon Stampfer 17, 17, 20 J. Stasheff 255 Station Rose 356 Jack E. Steele 372 Norman Steenrod 255 Henrik Stef~n 68, 71-73 Wolfgang Stegm011er 421,422 Dominik Steiger 418, 500, 500 William Stein 26 Karl Steiner 546, 562 Wilhelm Stekel 508, 533, 533, 535 Stelarc 364 Varvara Stepanova 67 Elza Stephani 446 Edita Sterba 533, 533 Richard Sterba 522, 533 D. Sterenberg 61, 79 O. Stevens 97 Friedrich St.Florian 546, 575, 575 Gerfried Stocker 354, 356 Otto Stoessl 529 Ernst StOhr 34 Aurel Stodola 308 Leopold Stolba 34 Adolf Josef Storfer 533, 534 Alix Strachey 528 Oskar Strand 66 Henry Strapp 188 Fritz Strassmann 439 Georges Stratton 27 Adolf Josef Storfer 515, 520 August Strache 59 August Stramm 58 Hans Stuckenschmidt 67

611

Carl Stumpf Janos Sugar Patrick Suppes Hans Suschny J6zsef S0tak Emanuel Swedenborg Helmut Swiczinsky John L. Sygne Tibor Szalai Dezs5 Szab6 Ervin Szabo

Sandor Szalay Maria Szant6 Pcater Szarka Janos Saxon szasz Pal Szasz Thomas S. Szasz ErSs Szathmany Gyula Szava

22,23,25 190,231,231,339 406 67,69 248 105 572,578 255 546,559,561 57 441,442,446,450, 452 338,341,395 45 340 178,178 251 22,534,534 417 338,339,344,344

Zoltan Szegedy-Maszak 340 Gabor Szeg5 Gy6rgy Szeg5 Gy6rgy Szekeres Vera Sz~kely Olga Sz~kely-Kovacs Andras Szemer~di Albert Szent-Gy6rgyi

Jan6s Szentagothai P~ter Sz~pfalussy Leo Szilard

Kalman Szilly Janos Szirtes Emil Szittya Bg~la SzSkefalvi-Nagy Lip6t Szondi

Michael Szyszkowitz

246 245 248,254 560 535 248 122,368,392,393, 392 32,246 284 122,123,204,207, 238,241,283,285- 290,285,288-290, 292,293,304,418, 431,438-440,439 241 504 57,59 244,247,247,248 6,30,30,144,395, 508,514,534,534 576

t Alexander Tairoff Vasilikas Takis Fox Talbot J.D. Tamarkin Rezs6 Tarjan Alfred Tarski Vladimir Tatlin Alfred Tauber C. Taubes Sophie Tauber Victor Tausk Olga Taussky-Todd

Bruno Taut

67 97 91 246 305 251,456 61,79,560 238,261,267 255 68 508,534 238,257,262,262, 456 72,561

Ede Teller

Georg Teltscher Margit T~ry-Adler Nikola Tesla Thai Thales of Miletus Hans Thirring Walter Thirring

Gerhardt Thomsen D'Arcy E. Thompson William Thurston Heinrich Tietze LaDs Tihanyi N.V. Timofeeff Norbert Tinbergen Istvan Tisza John Todd Otto Toeplitz Edward Chase Tolman Charles de Tolnay Leo Tolstoy Kata T6szegh Imre Toth LaszI6 T6th Ern5 Tolvaly Gertrude Tomaschek Stephen Toulmin Georg Trakl Jan Trapman Alexandre Trauner /~goston Trefort Ernst Troeltsch Tamas Trombitas Leon Trotsky Harry Truman Csaba Tubak Pal Turan Alan Turing

Herwig Turk P~ter T0rk

Christopher W. Tyler Tristan Tzara

u

Jakob von Uexk011 B~la Uitz

Erzs~bet 0jvari Stanislav Ulam Marianne UIImann Otto Umbehr Jean Umiker-Sebeok Franz Urbach

123,224,289,289, 418,431,438-440, 439 66,67,73 68,71,71,72 4 71 187,463 224,230,269 182,183,190,211, 211,224,284 265 158,387 11 258,258,261,264 55,57,66,69,70,70 198 28 58 262 246 27,473 446,447,449,453 466 529 243 131 506 53 422 143 557 4,70 241 445,478 560 67,443 399 140,140 248,249,254,254 122,280,306,387, 468 233,233 174,175,174,175, 338 29,30,126 61,66,67

28,600 45,46,48,49,57,58, 60,61,62,66,68,69, 70 70 122,387,416,417 41,66 73 600 90

Joseph Urban Harold C. Uray Pavel Urysohn

v Lajos Vajda Sandor Vajda Paul Valery Gyula valji Sandor Varjas Tibor Vamos Laszl6 Varj0 Claire Vasarely Victor Vasarely

Woody Vasulka Endre Vazsonyi O. Veblen Henry van de Velde Emil Verhaeren Dziga Vertov Herbert Vesely A. Vesnin LaszI6 Vidovszky Leopold Vietoris

Jean Vignot Leonardo da Vinci Paul Virilio Vitruvius Voyticky Paul de Vree

w Arye Wachsmuth Simon Wachsmuth Otto Erich Wagner

Otto Wagner Richard Wagner Julius Wagner-Jauregg Matta Wagnest W. Wainwright Friedrich Waismann

Abraham Wald

Herwarth Walden Tamas Waliczky Ralph T. Walker Hans Wallach W. Grey Walter William Walton Otto Warburg Andy Warhol Jakob Wassermann Francis Watson James Watt

546, 564 288 259

70 70 100 241 446, 452 339 311 98 12, 16, 32, 57, 60, 69, 70, 77, 94, 98, 99, 98, 99, 164, 164, 546 30 248 262 570 57 92, 143, 144, 146 143, 143 67 339, 344 238, 260, 261,261, 263, 264, 263, 264 6 132, 157, 371,416 561 157, 166, 326, 570 59 83

356 353, 356 37, 40, 51, 42, 45, 62, 71 570 475 524, 533 353 97 422, 456, 457,462, 523 122, 238, 259-261, 259, 267, 402 64, 67, 84 294, 339, 348, 348 564 25, 25 306, 309, 327 97 522 577 66, 529 199 308

612

Paul Watzlawick 32, 294 Linda R. Waugh 597 Alfred Weber 445 Max Weber 423, 445, 478, 525 Anton von Webern 141,142, 144 Peter Weibel 30, 149, 149, 150,

150, 151,187-189, 218-219, 218, 220, 221,222,222, 274, 274, 294, 355, 356, 356, 418, 497, 497, 502, 503, 502, 503, 508, 537, 539, 539, 559

Felix Jos~ Weil 519 Max Weimar 26 Steven Weinberg 277, 281 Tibor Weiner 71, 77 Andor Weininger 68, 69, 71-75, 74, 84,

546, 549, 550, 554, 560

Trude Weisfeld 522 Edoardo Weiss 24, 524, 535, 535 Ernst Weiss 66, 529 Victor E Weisskopf 190, 210, 224, 224,

288 Carl Fr. von Weizsacker 596

Wilhelm Wirtinger 238, 256, 256, 258, 261,262, 265, 269

Stephan Witasek 23 E. Witmer 160 Fritz Wittels 535, 535 E. Witten 255 Ludwig Wittgenstein 38, 59, 109, 142, 157,

270, 300, 322, 325, 418, 421-423, 427, 456-459, 463-467, 465

Alfred Wolfenstein 529 Robert Jay Wolff 78 Manfred Wolff-Plottegg 546, 581,582, 581,

582 Heinrich Wblfflin 478 Lewis Wolpert 211 Andras Wolsky 395, 396, 396 Fritz Wotruba 570, 570 Anni Wottitz 68 Franz Wrangler 67 Sewall Wright 411,412 Franz M. Wuketits 391,392 O. Wulff 131 Wilhelm Wundt 424, 463 Erwin Wurm 356

Egon Wellesz 529 Franz Werfel 66, 529 Heinz Werner 26 Max Wertheimer 17, 23, 24, 26 y Tibor Weszely 243 You never know 356 Hermann Weyl 154, 157, 160, 246,

255, 258, 307 z Charles Wheatstone 29, 92 B~la Zalai William Whewell 422, 429 Frank Zappa Don White 126 Anton Zeilinger Alfred North Whitehead 260, 270, 457 Heinz Zemanek Walt Whitman 57 Zeno Norbert Wiener 32, 122, 137, 267, Ernst Zermelo

294, 297-300 Frederick Zeuthen Oswald Wiener 30, 32, 142, 146, 150, Fritz Zeymer

151,418, 481-483, Edgar Zilsel 481,482, 484, 539, 539 John Ziman

Grete Wiesenthal 300 Karl Zimmer Eugene P. Wigner 122, 154, 160, 190, Walter Zinn

224, 224, 289, 289, Emile Zola 304, 418, 431,437, Z0nd up 437, 438, 440 Zyperowitch

J~nos Wilde 446 Billy Wilder 4, 70, 535 Maurice Wilkins 199 E. Williams 497 William Carlos Williams 61 E.O. Wilson 2 C.H. Wind 434 Winnik 518 Aurel Wintner 248

x Franz Xaver 294, 356, 365, 365

418, 424, 424, 451 577 10, 190, 212-217, 212 294, 321,325, 329 463 258 405 38 184, 185, 418, 422, 456, 462, 474-476 422 198 288 58 574, 574, 577 67

613

Text credits Photo credits Cover images

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All other texts are - i f not indicated otherwise - original essays from 1996 to 2005.

Berenyi, pp. 54, 56; Dieter Bogner, pp. 565-567; Karin Buol, 582; Attila Csaji, pp. 137-139; Attila Cs~rg~, p. 229, 230; G0nther Dolc/Foto Atelier, p. 111; Hargittai, pp. 160-163; Franz Hub- mann, p. 324; Laszl6 Hafts, p. 174; J6zsa, p. 386; N~dor Katalin, p. 27; Klomfar & Sengm011er, Vienna, p. 365; Kunsthalle, Vienna, p. 557; Laszl6 Lel- kes, p. 507; Laszl6 Lugosi Lugo, p. 507; D6ra Maurer, p. 507; Mr~vikn~, p. 100; Museum van Hegendaagse Kunst, Antwerp, p. 507; Attila Nemeth, p. 345; R~zs6, p. 386; J6zsef Rosta, pp. 81,338, 382-384, 446; Mikl6s Sulyok, pp. 559-561; Karoly Szel~nyi, p. 558; Maria Szenczi, p. 561; Franz Scha- chinger, p. 104, 105; Sammlung John Axelrod, p. 563; Margherita Spiluttini, p. 572, 573; Technical Museum, Vien- na, p. 325; Janos Vet6, p. 545; Ter- m~szet Vilaga, pp. 242, 244, 247; W6rsching, Starnberg, p. 88.

All other materials reproduced here were provided by the artists, or else were taken from the archives of the authors. If we have unintentionally fail- ed to acquire the rights to any material, please do not hesitate to contact the editor.

1 perception~movement Laszl6 Moholy-Nagy, Light Requisite, 1930 Replica from 1970

2 symmetry~symmetry breaking Istvan Hargittai, Zoomtool model of the Buckminsterfulleren C6o (1996 Nobel Prize for Chemistry)

3 measurement~observation Quantum physics formula by Ernst Schr6dinger, Wolfgang Pauli, and John yon Neumann

4 mathematics~physics Kurt G6del, c. 1931

5 cybernetics~computer science/ computer art Heinz Zemanek, URR 1, 1954 Model of a relay machine

6 evolution theory~system theory~game theory I~tienne B~othy, S6rie d'or, 1949

7 theory of science~art theory Mikl6s Erd~ly, Klein Bottle, c. 1975

8 psychoanalysis/actionism G0nter Brus, Strangulation, 1968

9 vision/deconstruction Coop Himmelb(I)au, Cloud II, 1968-72

10 visual communication Otto Neurath, Isotype graphic Viennese method of pictorial statistics, developed since 1925

614

Lenders to the exhibition

Collection Peter AIImayer-Beck,Vienna Collection Oskar Beckmann, St. P61ten LaszI6 Beke, Budapest Bild- und Tonarchiv am Landesmuseum Joanneum, Graz Collection Bogner, Vienna C 3 Center for Culture & Communication, Budapest EA-Generali Foundation, Vienna Foundation Mikl6s Erd~ly, Budapest Fachbibliothek f0r Mathematik, Statistik und Informatik, University of Vienna Sandor Ferenczi EgyesQlet, Budapest Galerie Fotohof, Salzburg FSv~rosi K~pt~r, Budapest (Sammlung L~szI6 Carl) Georg Geyer, Vienna Istvan Haraszty, Budapest Archive of the Academy for Applied Arts, Vienna Collection Hummel, Vienna Intermedia Institute, Academy of Fine Arts, Budapest Vienna Circle Institute Ingrid Kaitna, Vienna Gy6rgy Kepes, Vizu~lis K6zpont, Eger Eckehart K6hler, Vienna I~va K6rner, Budapest Gy6z6 Kov~cs, Budapest Kulturabteilung der Stadt Wien, Vienna Landesbibliothek, Graz Gy6rgy Lukacs Archiv, Budapest Magyar Fotografiai MOzeum, Kecskem~t Magyar Nemzeti Gal~ria, Budapest Ferenc M6ra MOzeum, Szeged Museum moderner Kunst Stiftung Ludwig, Vienna Neue Galerie am Landesmuseum Joanneum, Graz Amt der NO Landesregierung ORF, Vienna Orsz~gos M6szaki MOzeum, Budapest Ingeborg Orthofer, Graz Janus Pannonius M~zeum, P~cs Mikl6s Peternak, Budapest Sandor Pet6fi Museum, Budapest Franz Pichler, Linz Ern6 Rubik Studio, Budapest Graphische Sammlung Rupertinum, Salzburg L. Schmetterer, Vienna Hans Schmid Privatstiftung, Vienna Gyula Staar, Budapest Michael St61tzner, Vienna Studi~ Tommaseo, Trieste Szent Istv~n Kir~ly M~zeum, Sz~kesfeh~rv~r Sz~pm0v~szeti MOzeum, Budapest Szombathelyi K~pt~r, Szombathely Universit~tsbibliothek, KarI-Franzens University, Graz Anton Zeilinger, Innsbruck Zentralbibliothek f0r Physik, Vienna

and the artists

615

Beyond Art - the exhibit ion Beyond Art - the book

Curator Peter Weibel

Scientific support L~szlb Beke, Dbra Hegyi, Gybrgy Kampis, Miklbs Petern~k (Budapest) Nadja Rottner, Christa Steinle (Graz) Michael St61tzner (Vienna)

A co-operation of Neue Galerie Graz and Ludwig Museum Budapest as a contribution to the Austrian millenium and the Hungarian Millecentenarium 1996

Commissioned by Katalin N~ray, Ludwig Museum Budapest and Elisabeth Mach, Austrian Cultural Institut, Budapest

17110 - 23/11, 1996 a mdveszeten tdl Ludwig Museum Budapest C3 Center for Culture & Communication, Budapest

07/02 - 30/03, 1997 Jenseits von Kunst Neue Galerie Graz am Landesmuseum Joanneum, Austria

19/09 - 06/12, 1998 Voorbij de kunst MUKHA- MUseum van Hedendaagse Kunst, Antwerp, Belgium

Exhibition design Manfred Wolff-Plottegg

Sponsored by" Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Vienna Ministry for Science, Traffic, and Art, Vienna BKA, Vienna Austrian Cultural Institute, Budapest Kulturreferat der Steierm&rkischen Landesregierung, Graz Ludwig Stiftung, Hungary Ministery for Culture and Education, Hungary Rudi Roth, Consul of the Republic of Hungary, Graz Sky High, Antwerp doka, Graz

A ~

~ Neue Galerie Graz am Landesmuseum Joanneum Sackstral3e 16, A-8010 Graz t +43-316-829155/f +43-316-815401 neuegalerie@stmk.gv.at www.neuegalerie.at

616

,KUNST

Editor Peter Weibel Center for Art and Media Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany Neue Galerie Graz am Landesmuseum Joanneum, Austria

Original title: Jenseits von Kunst �9 1997 Passagen Verlag, Vienna

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of trans- lation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machines or similar means, and storage in data banks.

Product Liability: The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

�9 2005 Springer-Verlag/Wien Printed in Austria

SpringerWienNewYork is a part of Springer Science + Business Media spri ngeron li ne.com

Editorial assistance Nadja Rottner; Dbra Hegyi, Miklbs Petern~k, Christa Steinle, Michael Stbltzner

Copy-editors Allison Plath-Moseley, Berlin, and Paul Rieder, New York

Biographies Elisabeth Brunner, Gabriele Gmeiner, Kata Krasznahorkai, Katrin Klautzer, Elisabeth Leinfellner

Translations Lajos Adamik, Istv~n Bal~zs, I~va Bicskei, Krisztina Bogn~r, Attila Danka, Erika Doucette, Thomas Gradwohl, Z~na EI-Hassan, Georgette Hauzenberger, #va Hollbsi, Gy6rgy Kampis, P~ter Litv~n, Madeleine Mer~n, Zsuzsanna Mitr6s, M. Namenwirth, Borb~la Nagy, Edina Gabriella Nagy, M~rta Nagy, Mikl6s R~dei, Lisa Rosenblatt, A. Sackx, R6bert Schiller, Sabine Schmidt, G~za and Hannelore Schmbr, Ildik6 Tak~cs, G~bor Wolf, yplus, Graz, Bal~zs Zay

Index Karin Buol-Wischenau

Graphic design Peter Weibel

Layout Christian Bretter, Karin Buol-Wischenau, Nadja Rottner

Typesetting Karin Buol-Wischenau

Photos Johann Koinegg

Repros Kufferath, Graz-Vienna; Reprozentrum Klagenfurt

Printed by Universit~tsdruckerei Klampfer, Weiz-Graz-Klagenfurt

Cover Subjective contour by Gaetano Kanizsa, 1955

Printed on acid-free and chlorine-free bleached paper

SPIN: 11389774 With numerous figures

Library of Congress Control Number: 2005922823

ISBN-10 3-211-24562-6 SpringerWienNewYork ISBN-13 978-3-211-24562-0 SpringerWienNewYork