index
TRANSCRIPT
S U B J E C T I N D E X
AAbram’s W/c ratio law 299Abrasion
of aggregate 115, 117of concrete 363of vacuum dewatering 560
Absolute volume 472Absorption of aggregate 78Accelerated curing 306Accelerated strength 499Accelerating Admixtures 150, 154Accelerating plasticizors 150Accelerators 125, 149Acetogenous shrinkage 347Acid attack 395Acid resisting concrete 412, 413Admixtures
accelerating 150classification 125compatibility 131dosage 131mineral 174retarding 150waterproofing 192workability 219
Aerated concrete 506Age factor 303Aggregates 67
abrasion test 76, 115absorption 78alkali reactivity test 86angular 72angularity 72artificial 67attrition test 76bond 72bone dry 79bulk density 78classification 67crushing strength 113crushing value 113elongated 109flaky 107fineless modulus 94gap graded 107glassy 74grading 91impact value 114irregular 70lightweight 506mechanical properties 113modulus of elasticity 328natural 67refractory 44saturated and surface dry 79shape 70soundness 85specific gravity 77specific surface 96strength 113
surface index 98texture 73thermal property 90unsound 85void content 78
Aglite 509Air entraining agent 159Air entraining cement 37Air entrained concrete 160
air context measurement 171effect of mixing time 159influence on wokrability 168
Air Permeability 50Algae 83Alite 16Alkali 14
aggregate reaction 85silica reactivity 85silicate gel 85
Alkalinity 398All-in-aggregate 105Aluminium powder, 515Aluminous cement 43American method of mix design 466Andesite 86Angularity Index 72Angularity number 70Argillaceous material 5Artificial aggregate 70Autoclave 55Acetogenous shrinkage 347
BBacterial Concrete 598Ball mill 9Barytes 523Basalt fibre 602Basalt fibre concrete 602, 603Basalt fibre, 602Batching 236Belite 16Biological process 388Blaine Airpermeability 50Blast Furnace slag 32Bleeding 234Blended cementBloated clay 509Bogue’s compound 15Boiling water method 498Bond strength 315Bonding admixture 196Boundry aggregateBreeze 508British method of mix design 474Bulk density of aggregate 78Bulk volume 467Bulking of sand 80Burnt clay 187
617
618 !!!!! Concrete Technology
CCalcareous materials 5Calcium aluminate hydrases 21Calcium carbide method 82Calcium chloride 549Calcium hydroxide 20Calcium nitrite 406Calcium silicate hydrates 19Calcium sulphate 399Calcium sulphoaluminates 399Capillary cavities 24, 18Capillary segmentation 354Capping of cylinder 424Carbon dioxide 398Carbonation 398Carbonation depth 398, 400Carbonation measurement 399, 400Carbonation rate 398Carbonation shrinkage 347Carbonic acid 398Carborundum powder 206Carboxylated Acrylic Ester 144Cathodic Protection 408Cavitation 411Cellular concrete 514Cem-Fil 465Centre-point loading 429Ceramic bond 44Chalcedony 86Characteristic strength 489Chemically bound water 25Chert 86Chloride attack 400Chloride content in concrete 401Chloride in cement 400Cinder 508Cleanliness of aggregate 83Clinker 9Coefficient of permeability 355Coefficient of thermal expansion ,90
of Rocks 355of light weight aggregate 514of cement paste 24of concrete 356
Coefficient of variation 464Cold weather concreting 542Coloured cement 38Combining aggregates 487
Compackon 265
Compacting factor 226, 227Compacting factor and slump 163
Compatibility 131Complexities in SCC 588
Compound composition 15
Compressive strength 421
Concrete chemicals 198Concrete reinforced with basalt fibre reinforcement
602, 605
Concrete repair system 215
Concreting
in cold weather 542
in hot weather 552
Condensed silica fume 183
Conductivity 369
Consistency 219
Contraction Joint 376
Control of Alkali-aggregate reaction 89
Conversion 43
Corrosion effect 401
Corrosion inhibitors 196
Corrosion reinforcement 401
of calcium chloride
of carbonation 398
of chlorides 401
of cover 400
of sea water 396Course agg. content SCC 577
Cover 400
Crack control 378, 379
Crack propagation 23
Crack width 411
Cracking of mass concrete 372
Cracks in concrete 361
Crushed aggregate 105
Crushed sand 105
Crusher 105
Crusher dust 105
Crushing strength 74
Crushing value 74C-S-H 19
Cube test 421
Cumulative percentage 95
Curing compounds 200
Curing methods 277
Curing period 289
Cylinder strength and Cube strength 428
Cylinder test 421
DDamp-proofing 192Darex 159Deffocculation 127De-icing 387Deleterious substance 84Delhi Metro Project 590, 591Densely packed system 45Density of cellular concrete 510, 511, 512Density of light weight concrete 510, 511, 512Detraining agent 194Deval test 76Diatomaceous earth 507
Subject Index !!!!! 619Differential shrinkageDiffusion of chloride 400
Dispersion of cement 127
Distilled water 120
Dorry abrasion test 76
Dry Process 9
Drying shrinkage 343
Durability 349
Fly ash 176
Silica fume 183
Thermal expansion 373
ggBS 32, 33
Dust in aggregate 106
Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity 331
EEarly volume change 341Economics of SCC 597Eddystone light house 2Effect
of age 354, 355of carbonation 398of silicafume 184of water/cement ratio 356of durability 352, 353
Effects of creep 339
Efflorescence 122EFNARC 573, 575Elastic deformation 337
Elasticity 325
Electrical curing 289
Electrical determination of moisture
content 81
Electro-chemical action 401
Elongation Index 109
Entrained air 159
Entrained air influence on
strength 165
durability 161
Epoxy coated reinforcement 406Epoxy coating 406, 407ERC Chennai Trials 594, 596Erosion 411Esters 144Ettringite 400Evaporation of water 200Exfoliated vermiculete 509Expanded clay 505Expanded shale, slate 505Expanded slag 506Expansion on freezing 385
Expansive cement 40
Exposed aggregate look 293
Exposure condition 414
Extensibility of concrete 375
External vibrator 268
Extra Rapid hardening Cement 30
Extreme weather concreting 542
FFatigue 347Feret’s law 299Ferrocement 566Fibre reinforced concrete 526
bulking 81crushed 105grading zones 103size 69
Fibrous particles in hydration 22Fill-Box 575Filling ability 575Final aggregate 81Fineness of cement 48, 57Fineness test of cement 48Fines in SCCFinishing of concrete 291Fire resistance 382Flakiness Index 107Flaky aggregate 70Flash set 9Flexural strength 428Flocculation 127Floor hardner 206Flow table test 228, 229Flowing concrete 145Fluorescence microscopy 9Fly ash 176
class C 177class F 177classification 177composition 178concrete properties 180High volume (HVFA) 180fineness 180hydration 17
influenceon alkali-silica reaction 180on durability 180on permeability 180on strength 181on sulphate resistance 180specific gravity of cement 301
Foam concrete 515, 516Foamed slag 508Form work permeable 411, 412Form work removal 261Form work strepping time 261Form work vibrator 268Free lime 14Freezing 542Freezing cycle 161Freezing of fresh concrete 542Frequency of vibrator 61Fresh concrete 218
620 !!!!! Concrete Technology
Friction in pumping 254Frost action 363
heave 363protection 363
Fullers grading curve 92Fungicidal 196
GGain of strength 303Galvanizing 408Gamma-ray 520
Gap grading 107
Gas concrete 194
Gel 17, 22
alkali silica 85
intrinsic strength 302
pores 22
porosity 22
unlimited swelling 86
water 119
Gel/space ratio 301
ggbs 33, 189
composition 189content 190fineness 188
Influenceon chloride mg ress 190on corrosion 190on durability 190
Geopolymer Concrete 599, 600Grades of concrete 304Grading curve 100Grading importance 459
pumping 251workability 219void content 459slump 222
Grading limits 104Grading of aggregate 91Grading of cement 30Grading zones 102Granite 67Gravimetric method 171Griffith’s hypothesis 302Grinding clinker 9Ground granulated blast
furnace slag ggbs 189Grouting agents 195GTM Screen Stability 575Gunite 562Gypsum content 5,Gypsum reaction 21
HHaematite 521Hand compaction 266Hand mixing 242Hard burnt magnesite 47Haydite 509
Heat of hydration 18determination 20cement type 28cement contents 415pure compounds 18
Height/diameter ratio 426Hexagonal aluminate hydrates 22High performance concrete 323High alkali content 88High alumina cement 42High density concrete 520High early strength cement 46High pressure steam curing 287High range water reducers 129High strength cement 45High strength concrete 318
cracking 375micro cracking 364, 365
High temperature 382Influence
high alumina cement 42strength 44
Histogram 461Hong Kong Study 595Hot weather concreting 552Humidity 53Influence
on plastic shinkage cracks 341on creep 332on shrinkage 343on carbonation 398
Hydration of cement 14Hydraulic structure 36Hydrophobic cement 39
IIce as mixing water 555Ice crystals 543, 544Ideal grading curve 101Igneous rocks 67Ilmenite 521Immersion vibrator 274Impact value 76Impermeable concrete 354Impurities in aggregate 83Impurities in water 120Indian Scenario of SCC 590Infra red radiation curing 288Infra-red spectrometer 131Initial setting time 52Initial tangent modulus 327In-site tests 436Insoluble residue 58Instantaneous recovery 338Insulation of concrete 560, 561Interface, aggregate-cement
micro structure 388Intergrinding 190Interlocking 70Internal friction in pumping 254Internal stresses
due to shrinkage 346
Subject Index !!!!! 621Intrinsic strength 302Iron oxide 14Iron shots 520IRS T40 cement 40
JJoint sealant 215Joints in concrete 376J-ring 575
KKaiga Nuclear Power Plant 592Kelly ball test 231Kiln 6
LLaboratory mexer 456Laitance 234Land content SCC 577L-Box 575L-Box 575Lea and Nurse method 49Leached 20Le-chatelier test 55Length gauge 109Lightweight aggregate 505Lightweight concrete 504Lignosulphonates 130Lime 54Lime saturation factor 56Linseed oil 413Longitudinal wave 445Los Angeles test 77Loss of slump 140Loss on ignition 58, 59Low alkali cement 89Low heat cement 34
MMacro-defect-free cement 45Magnesium oxide 14Magnesium phosphate cement 46Magnesium sulphate 390Magnetic method 453Magnetite 521,522Major compounds 15Malamine 130Manufacture of cement 5Marsh cone 132, 133Masonry cement 39Mass concrete 372Mass loss 386Maturity 306Maximum aggregate size 69
nfluence on strength 312shrinkage 340surface area 96workability 219
Mean strength 464Mechanical properties of aggregates 113Mechanism
of shrinkage 342
of creep 341of action of superplasticizer 128, 129
Melamine 130Membrane forming curing 200Metakaolin 188Microcracking 388Microsilica 183Mineral admixtures 174Mini-slump 132Minor compounds 15Mix Composition of SCC 576Mix design 458
ACI method 466British method 473, 474Indian standard method 489Pumpable concrete 254With fly ash 482
Mix design SCC 577Mixers 244Mixing of concrete 242
long time mixing 245with super plasticizers 137by hand 242sequence of loading 245
Mixing SCC 577Modulus of Elasticity 329
aggregate 76concrete 329dynamic modulus 331static modulus 332
Modulus of rupture 429Moisture
moisture movement 347free moisture 81measurement 81in aggregate 81
Influenceon carbonation 398
Moisture 387Influence
on durability 387on strength 435on Modulus of elasticity 435on pulse velocity 448, 449
Mortarbar test 87segregation 233shrinkage 340, 341
NNaphthalene 130Natural aggregate 67Natural sand 67Neutron 520New generation plasticizers for SCC 589Non-destructive tests 437Non-evaporable water 18Non-tilting mixer 244Normal distribution 461
OOcrate process 414
622 !!!!! Concrete Technology
Oil-well cement 41
Opal 86
Opaline chert 86
Ordinary portland cement 29
Organic impurities 83Orimet 575Oven dry density 512, 513Over-vibration 276Oxide composition 14
PPan-type mixerParticle
interference 107shape of aggregate 70
Passing ability 575Passivating layer 398Paste 23Pebble dash 294Penetration test 237Perlite 509Permeability 169
concrete 356Permeable formwork 411, 412Permissible stress 305pH
effect of carbonation 398pore water 401sea water 122phenolphthalein 400
Pigments 294Pipes for pumping 252Placing of concrete 259Placing SCC 577Plastic settlement 362Plastic shrinkage 341Platen 425Plum concrete 264Pneumatically projected concrete 561Point count method 455Poisson’s ratio 332Poker vibrator 268Polymer bonding agent 204Polymer concrete 534, 535Polymer mortar 204Pore fillers 193Portland cement 5Powder type SCC 574Pozzolamic Materials 175Pozzolanic activity 176Pozzolema cement 35Prepacked concrete 556Preplaced aggregate concrete 556Pre-soaking of aggregate 514Pressure method 173Prism test 61Products of hydration 20Pull-out test 442Pulse velocity 444Pumice 506Pumpability 484
Pumped concrete 253Pumping concrete 489
blockage 259distance 253friction 254height 253pipes 253
Pumps 251Pyrament cement 46
QQuality control 460Quality of mixing water 119Quartz 67Quartzite 67Quenching of slag 508Quick setting cement 33
RRailway sleeper 40Ramming 267
Rapid hardening cement 30
Rate of hydration 18Rate of loading 435Raw meal 9Reactive aggregates 86Reactive powder concrete 320Ready mixed concrete 248, 249Rebound hammer 439
number 440Recovery of creep 338
Redi-set cement 41
Refractory
concrete 44
aggregate 44
Regulated set cement 41
Reinforced concrete
sea water 396
corrosion 402
Relative humidity 53Relative Slump flow SCC 579Repair 216
Residual deformation
Resonant frequency method 445
Retardation 147
Retarding admixtures 147
Retempering 246
Retrogression of strength 288
Reversing mixer 244
Revibration 276
Rhyolite 86
Rice husk ash 186
Ring tension test 434
Risk factor 490
Road Note No. 473
Subject Index !!!!! 623
Robot for quality control of cement 9
Rock permeability 355
Roller compacted concrete 570
Roman cement 1
Root mean squarte deviation 462
Roughness of aggregate 73
Rust volume 403
SSampling of aggregate 94
Sand
grading zone 102
standard sand 53
saturated and surface dry 79Saw dust concrete 507Scaling 161Scanning electron microscope 26Schmidt hammer 439Sea water for mixing 122
for curing 123salinity 395, 396
Sedimentation method 111Segregation 233Segregation resistance 575Self compacting concrete, 572Self levelling concrete 129Self weight of concrete 504Semidry process 5Setting 50Setting time 50
of concrete 236temperature 52high alumina cement 42
Settlement 362of fresh concrete 362vacuum dewatered concrete 560
Sewage attack 413Shape of aggregate 70Shrinkage 340
autorclaved concrete 287autogenous 347carbonation 347effectscement content 366water/cement ratio 344water content 366
Sieve analysis 93Sieve test 49Silica fume 183Silica gel 89Silicon tetraflouride 413Silt 83Sintered fly ash 509Slag cement 31Slip-form paver 264Slump flow 575Slump loss 140Soundness
of aggregate 85
of cement 50, 50Spalling 543, 544Specific creep 329Specific gravity
of aggregate 78of cement 302of fly ash 178
Specific surface 96Spilling tensile strength 431, 432Sprayed concrete 562Squeeze type pump 252Standard ASIM 28Standard consistency 50Standard deviation 462Standard sand 50Static modulus of elasticity 329, 331Steam curing 282
at atmospheric pressure 282at high pressure 287cycle 285
Stearic acid 39Strain 326Strength of concrete 257
cement 50vacuum dewatered 561accelerated curing 306characteristic 489different ages 303
Stress strain relation 326Structural light-weight concrete 513Sugar as retarding agent 148Sulphate action 389Sulphate resisting cement 31Sulphonated formaldehydeSulphur
capping 424infiltrated concrete 525
Super sulphated cement 34Superplasticizer 129
action 128classification 130compatibility 131dosage 131high performance concrete 321
Surface hardeners 198Surface retarder 207Surkhi 187Swelling 347
TT-50 cm Slump flow 576Tangent modulus 327Tannic acid 412Tarapur Atomic Power Project 591Target mean strength 489Temperature
control in cold weather 363differential 372, 373heat of hydration 373gradients 373
Ten per cent fines value 114Tensile strain at cracking 372, 373
624 !!!!! Concrete Technology
Tensile strength 311ring test 434split tensile strength 433
Test Methods SCC 579Test
core 436cubes 421cylinder 421chemical test 58non destructive 437in site 437
Texture of aggregate 73Thermal
coefficient of expansion 91coefficient of cement paste 90gradient 373
Thermal conductivity 368Thermal expansion 373Thermal expansion 373Third point loading 429Tilting mixer 244Transit mixer 250Transition zone 387Tremic concrete 263Tricalcium aluminate 31Truck mixed concrete 248
UU-Bdox 575Ultimate creep 339Ultra high early strength cement 46Ultrasonic pulse velocity 446Under water concrete 262Unhydrated cement 25Unlimited swelling gel 86Unsound particle 86Un-soundness 364
of aggregate 364of cement 364
VVacuum dewatering 560Vebe test 232Vebe time 232Vermiculite 509Vesuvious 2V-Funnel 575Vibrating table 269Vibrator 268
external 269internal 269surface 269roller 269
Vieat apparatus 52Viscosity Modifying Agents (VMA) 574Void content of aggregate 78
Volcanic 2Volume batching 238Volume changes in concrete 352Volumetric method for air content 171
WWall effect 410Water content 469Water content in Geopolymer concrete 600Water proof membrane 211Water proofing admixture 192Water
chemically combined 25for curing 123gain 234, 235permeability 355reducer 129repellent film 214of workability 560
Water/cement ratio 299for durability 415for full hydration 26influencestrength 300law 301rule 301
Wet curing 279wetting and drying 387Whisper concrete 296White cement 38Wind influence on evaporation 200Wood chips 507Workability 219
definition 220shape 220surface texture 220air entrainment 162gap grading 107grading 220super plasticizers 135measurement 222agents 195
Workability of SCC 576
XX-ray
flourescence 23powder diffraction 23
YYield of concrete 471
ZZero slump concrete 195Zinc 455Zones sand grading 102, 103