Stroke (CJKV character) 1

Stroke (CJKV character)

永, a Chinese character with a high variety of strokes.

CJKV strokes are the calligraphic strokesneeded to write the Chinese characters usedin East Asia. CJK strokes are the classifiedset of line patterns that may be arranged andcombined to form Chinese Hanzi characterscurrently in use in China, Japan, Korea, andto a lesser extent in Vietnam.

Purpose

The study and classification of CJK strokesaid in:Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words

1. understanding Chinese charactercalligraphy - the correct method ofwriting, shape formation and strokeorder;

2.2. understanding stroke changes accordingto the style that is in use;

3.3. defining stroke naming and countingconventions;

4.4. identifying fundamental components of Han radicals; and5.5. their use in computing.

FormationWhen writing Han radicals, a single stroke includes all the motions necessary to produce a given part of a characterbefore lifting the writing instrument from the writing surface; thus, a single stroke may have abrupt changes indirection within the line. For example:

(Shù) is classified as a basic stroke because it is a single stroke that forms a line moving in one direction.

(Shù Zhé Zhé) is classified as a compound stroke because it is a single stroke that forms a line thatincludes one or more abrupt changes in direction. This example is a sequence of three basic strokes writtenwithout lifting the writing instrument from the writing surface.

Stroke (CJKV character) 2

TypesCJK strokes are an attempt to identify and classify all single-stroke components that can be used to write Hanradicals. There are some thirty distinct types of strokes recognized in Chinese characters, some of which arecompound strokes made from basic strokes. The compound strokes comprise more than one movement of the writinginstrument, and many of these have no agreed-upon name.

Basic strokesA basic stroke is a single calligraphic mark moving in one direction across a writing surface. The following tablelists a selection of basic strokes divided into two stroke groups: simple and combining. "Simple strokes" (such asHéng "Horizontal" and Diǎn "Dot") can be written alone. "Combining strokes" (such as Zhé "Break" and Gōu"Hook") never occur alone, but must be paired with at least one other stroke forming a compound stroke. Thus, theyare not in themselves individual strokes.

Table of basic strokes

Name(pinyin, trad./simp.)

CJK stroke Translationof Chinese name

Additionaldescription

Simple strokes

Diǎn, 點/点 "Dot" Tiny dash, speck

Héng, 横 "Horizontal" Rightward stroke

Shù, 豎/竖 "Vertical" Downward stroke

Tí, 提 "Rise" Flick up and rightwards

Nà, 捺 "Press down" Falling rightwards (fattening at the bottom)

Piě, 撇 "Throw away" Falling leftwards (with slight curve)

Combining strokes

Zhé, 折 n/a "Break" Indicates change in stroke direction, usually 90° turn, going down or going right only.

Gōu, 鉤/钩 "Hook" Appended to other strokes, suddenly going down or going left only.

Wān, 彎/弯 "Bend" A tapering thinning curve, usually concave left (convex outward right).

Xié, 斜 "Slant" Curved line, usually concave right (convex outward left).

Note, the basic stroke Diǎn "Dot" is rarely a real dot. Instead it usually takes the shape of a very small line pointingin one of several directions, and may be long enough to be confused with other strokes.

Stroke (CJKV character) 3

Compound strokes

Another classification showing 37 strokes: 8 basicstrokes, and 29 complex strokes.[]

A compound stroke (also called a complex stroke) is producedwhen two or more basic strokes are combined in a single strokewritten without lifting the writing instrument from the writingsurface. The character 永 (pinyin: yǒng) "eternity" described inmore detail below demonstrates one of these compound strokes.The centre line is a compound stroke that combines three strokeshapes in a single stroke.

Basics for making compound strokes[1]

In most cases, concatenating basic strokes together form acompound stroke. For example, Shù combined with Gōu produce

(Shù Gōu). A stroke naming convention sums the names ofthe basic strokes, in the writing order.

An exception to this applies when a stroke makes a turn of 90°(and only of 90°). Horizontal (Héng) and Vertical (Shù)strokes are identified only once when they appear as the firststroke of a compound; any single stroke with successive 90° turnsdown or to the right are indicated by a 折 (pinyin: Zhé) "Break".For example, an initial Shù followed by an abrupt turn rightproduces (Shù Zhé). In the same way, an initial Shù followedby an abrupt turn right followed by a second turn down produces (Shù Zhé Zhé).

Nearly all complex strokes can be named using this simple scheme.

NomenclatureOrganization systems used to describe and differentiate strokes may include the use of roman letters, Chinesecharacters, numbers, or a combination of these devices. Two methods of organizing CJK strokes are by:1. Classification schemes that describe strokes by a naming convention or by conformity to a taxonomy; and2. Categorization schemes that differentiate strokes by numeric or topical grouping.In classification schemes, stroke forms are described, assigned a representative character or letterform, and may bearranged in a hierarchy. In categorization schemes, stroke forms are differentiated, sorted and grouped into likecategories; categories may be topical, or assigned by a numeric or alpha-numeric nominal number according to adesigned numbering scheme.BenefitsOrganizing strokes into a hierarchy aids a user's understanding by bringing order to an obtuse system of writing thathas organically evolved over the period of centuries. In addition, the process of recognizing and describing strokepatterns promotes consistency of stroke formation and usage. When organized by naming convention, classificationallows a user to find a stroke quickly in a large stroke collection, makes it easier to detect duplication, and conveysmeaning when comparing relationships between strokes. When organized by numbering scheme, categorization aidsa user in understanding stroke differences, and makes it easier to make predictions, inferences and decisions about astroke.LimitationsStrokes are described and differentiated using the criteria of visual qualities of a stroke. Because this can requiresubjective interpretation, CJK strokes cannot be placed into a single definitive classification scheme because stroketypes lack a universal consensus on the description and number of basic and compound forms. CJK strokes cannot be

Stroke (CJKV character) 4

placed into a single definitive categorization scheme due to visual ambiguity between strokes, and therefore cannotbe segregated into mutually-exclusive groups. Other factors inhibiting organization based on visual criteria is thevariation of writing styles, and the changes of appearance that a stroke undergoes within various characters.

Roman letter naming conventionA naming convention is a classification scheme where a controlled vocabulary is used systematically to describe thecharacteristics of an item. The naming convention for a CJK stroke is derived from the path mark left by the writinginstrument. In this instance roman letters are concatenated to form a stroke name is a sequence of one or more romanletters indicating the component strokes used to create the CJK stroke. The first letter of the Han radical’s pinyin

pronunciation represents each basic stroke. In a basic stroke example, H represents the stroke named 横(pinyin: Héng); in a compound example, HZT represents 横 折 提 (pinyin: Héng Zhé Tí).While no consensus exists, there are up to 12 distinct basic strokes that are identified by a unique Han radical.

Letters commonly used in CJK stroke naming conventions[]

Letter B D G H N P Q S T W X Z

Stroke direction

Trad./simp. 扁 點/点 鉤/钩 横 捺 撇 圈/圏 豎/竖 提 彎/弯 斜 折

Pinyin Biǎn Diǎn Gōu Héng Nà Piě Quān Shù Tí Wān Xié Zhé

Meaning "Flat" "Dot" "Hook" "Horizontal" "Press down" "Throw away" "Circle" "Vertical" "Rise" "Bend" "Slant" "Break"

There are a many CJK compound strokes, however there is no consensus for sequence letter naming of compoundstrokes using the basic strokes. The following table demonstrates the CJK stroke naming convention:

Selected named CJK basic and compound strokes

Stroke Name[]

Simple ideogram[2]

zhǐ shì(指 事)

Section headerbùshǒu(部 首)

Dictionary meaning Examplecharacters

H yī, "horizon"; simplifiedform of 弌 yī, "outstretchedfinger"

Radical 1 一yī, "one"

一 yī, "cardinal number one", "alone"; dash破 折 号 pòzhéhào, "Chinese punctuationdash"

二 三 丁 丞 丈

世 不 上 十 卅

七

HG Variant form of乙 yǐ

乛 wān, ya, zhé (折) turning stroke/to break 疋 了 危 予 矛

子 字 令 疏 写

冖

HZ 口 囗 己 田 品

吕 申 甲 圆 巪

HZG Variant form of乙 yǐ

羽 习 包 勻 葡

用 青 甫 勺 月

也 乜

HZT 讠 计 鳩

HZZ 凹 卍

HZZZ 凸

Stroke (CJKV character) 5

HZZZG yùn pregnant woman(swollen breasts andstomach); compare 孕

‐� nǎi, archaic form of 乃 "then", "really,indeed", "namely", "you, your"

乃 孕 仍

HZZP 建 及

HP 又 水 夕 径 炙

双 叒 今

HPW[]

HPWG 阝 队 邮

HZW 殳 投 朵

HZWG 飞 风 瘋 九 几

气 虱

HXWG[]

(HZWG)

yǐ suggesting efforts of asprouting seed; yànrepresenting a bird's call

Radical 5 乙yǐ, "second"

乙 yǐ, niè, "the second of the ten heavenlystems", "second"; zhé (折) turning stroke/tobreak

氹 乞 乤 芸

HXG(HWG,[]

HZWG[])

Variant form of丿 piě

乁 yí, "to move" (archaic) 飞 风 迅 九 几

凬 气 虱

BXG 心 必 沁 惢 蕊

S gěn vertical things Radical 2 丨gǔn, "verticalstroke"

丨 gě, "vertical line" 丩 中 串 讧 乍

上 五 丑

SG Radical 6 亅jué, "hook"

亅 jué, "a vertical line with a hook", usuallyread as 竖 勾 shùgōu

爭 事 求 水

ST juē pictograph of a hook 以 比 切 卯 食

良 艮 很 狠 鄉

民

SZ 断 陋 继 山 互

彙 牙 乐 东

SZZ 亞 鼎 卐 吳 专

SZZG[]

(SZWG[3])

亏 强 弓 丏 丐

与 马 鸟 丂 号

SZZWG[]

(SZZG)

弓 丐

SW 區 亡 妄 四

SW [横左 héngzuǒ, "horizontalleft"][]

肅 嘯 蕭 簫

SWG Variant form of乙 yǐ

乚 yǐn, "hidden", "mysterious", "small",usually read as 隱/隐 yǐn

乱 己 已 巳

SP 乃 月 用 齊 几

人 班 大

SZP 专 ➚� � ⒚�

Stroke (CJKV character) 6

W[] 豕

WG 狐 狱 豹 家 啄

嶽 貓 家 逐, 乙

P piě, a falling line suggestingmotion; yì suggestiondragging motion

Radical 4 丿piě, "slash"

丿 piě, "line" 乂 爻 禾 毛 乏

乖 釆 衣 八 行

PG 乄

PZ 弘 玄 公 厶 翁

PD See also:Radical 47 巛

See also: 巜 guì, "river" (archaic) 女 巛 巡 獵 災

甾

PN 是 走 廴

N 大 人 天 入 走

边 廷 尺

XG 戈 弋 戰 我

T Usually read as 趯 tì, "jump" 冰 淋 病 孑 治

冶 冽 暴 氾 录

地 虫

TPN 辶 之 辷

TN Variant form of丿 piě

乀 fú, "stretch" 尐 之 道 八 入

廻

D zhǔ pictograph of flame (主= lamp and flame)

Radical 3 丶zhǔ, "dot"

丶 zhǔ, "dot", usually read as 點/点 diǎn 丸 叉 义 永 冰

凡 丹 主 求 火

刃

DN 入

Q〇 líng, "zero"; full stop (。) 句 號/句 号

jùhào, "Chinese punctuation full stop(period)"; may be read as 圈 quān,"circle"[]

〇 㔔 㪳 㫈

Numbering schemeA numbering scheme is a categorization method where like-item strokes are grouped into categories labeled bynominal numbers. Category numbering may be an index of numbers of types, with sub-types indicated by decimalpoint followed by another number or a letter.[]

The following table is a common numbering scheme that uses similar names as the roman letter naming convention,but the stroke forms are grouped into major category types (1 to 5), which further break down into 25 sub-types incategory 5.

Stroke (CJKV character) 7

No. Stroke Name(simplified Chinese and pinyin)

Horizontal (一)

1 横 Héng

提 Tì

Vertical (丨)

2 竖 Shù

竖 钩 Shù Gōu

Slash (丿)

3 撇 Piě

撇 钩 Piě Gōu

Dot (丶)

4 点 Diǎn

捺 Nà

提 捺 Tì Nà

Example of a CJK stroke numbering scheme

No. Stroke Name(simplified Chinese and pinyin)

Turning stroke (折 Zhé = right angle turn) or (弯 Wān = curve turn)

5.1 横 折 Héng Zhé

5.2 横 撇 Héng Piě

5.3 横 钩 Héng Gōu

5.4 竖 折 Shù Zhé

5.5 竖 弯 Shù Wān

5.6 竖 提 Shù Tì

5.7 撇 横 Piě Zhé

5.8 撇 点 Piě Diǎn

5.9 撇 钩 Piě Gōu

5.10 弯 钩 Wān Gōu

5.11 斜 钩 Xié Gōu

5.12 横 折 折 Héng Zhé Zhé

Stroke (CJKV character) 8

5.13 横 折 弯 Héng Zhé Wān

5.14 横 折 提 Héng Zhé Tì

5.15 横 折 钩 Héng Zhé Gōu

5.16 横 斜 钩 Héng Xié Gōu

5.17 竖 折 折 Shù Zhé Zhé

5.18 竖 折 撇 Shù Zhé Piě

5.19 竖 弯 钩 Shù Wān Gōu

5.20 横 折 折 折 Héng Zhé Zhé Zhé

5.21 横 折 折 撇 Héng Zhé Zhé Piě

5.22 横 折 弯 钩 Héng Zhé Wān Gōu

5.23 横 撇 弯 钩 Héng Piě Wān Gōu

5.24 竖 折 折 钩 Shù Zhé Zhé Gōu

5.25 横 折 折 折 钩 Héng Zhé Zhé Zhé Gōu

Stroke orderStroke order refers to the order in which the strokes of a Chinese character are written. A stroke is a movement of awriting instrument on a writing surface. Because most Chinese characters have many strokes, certain stroke ordersguidelines are recommended to ensure speed, accuracy, and legibility in composition. Also, teachers enforce exactlyone stroke order for each character, marking every deviation as a mistake, so everyone writes these characters thesame way. The stroke order follows a few simple rules, though, which aids in memorizing these. To write CJKcharacters, one must know how to write CJK strokes, and thus, needs to identify the basic strokes that make up acharacter.

Stroke (CJKV character) 9

Eight Principles of YongThe Eight Principles of Yong explain how to write eight common strokes in regular script which are found all in theone character, 永 (pinyin: yǒng, "forever", "permanence"). It was traditionally believed that the frequent practice ofthese principles as a beginning calligrapher could ensure beauty in one's writing.Eight basic strokes[1]

Eight principle strokes extracted from 永, "eternity" (five basic strokes: D, T,W, P, N and one compound stroke HZG). Enlarge this image to see the red

arrows, showing the way of writing of each.

－ the Diǎn 點/点, is a dot, filledfrom the top, to the bottom, traditionallymade by "couching" the brush on the page.

－ the Héng 横, is horizontal, filledfrom left to right, the same way the Latinletters A, B,C,D are written.

－ the Shù 豎/竖, is vertical-falling.The brush begins by a dot on top, thenfalls downward.

－ the Gōu 鉤/钩, ending anotherstroke, is a sharp change of direction eitherdown (after a Heng) or left (after a Shù).

－ the Tí 提, is a flick up andrightwards

－ the Wān 彎/弯, follows a concavepath on the left or on the right

－ the Piě 撇, is a falling leftwards (with a slight curve)

－ the Nà 捺, is falling rightwards (with an emphasis at the end of the stroke)

(+ － the Xié 斜 is sometimes added to the 永's strokes. It's a concave Shù falling right, always ended bya Gōu, visible on this image).

( )

Use in computingThe stroke count method is based on the order of strokes to input characters on Chinese mobile phones.As part of Chinese character encoding, there have been several proposals to encode the CJK strokes, most of timewith a total around 35~40 entries. Most notable is the current Unicode block “CJK Strokes” (U+31C0..U+31EF),with 36 types of strokes:

Stroke (CJKV character) 10

CJK Strokes[1]

Unicode.org chart [4] (PDF)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E FU+31Cx ㇀ ㇁ ㇂ ㇃ ㇄ ㇅ ㇆ ㇇ ㇈ ㇉ ㇊ ㇋ ㇌ ㇍ ㇎ ㇏U+31Dx ㇐ ㇑ ㇒ ㇓ ㇔ ㇕ ㇖ ㇗ ㇘ ㇙ ㇚ ㇛ ㇜ ㇝ ㇞ ㇟U+31Ex ㇠ ㇡ ㇢ ㇣

Notes1.^ As of Unicode version 6.1

Notes[1] The extended CJK(V) set of strokes has 29 strokes. These most common 29 used strokes can be reduced to combinations of 8 basic strokes,

for a total of 37 strokes. The subset of 8 is found in the character "eternity" 永, hence the name of this set. But other sets of CJK(V) strokescan be found.

[4] http:/ / www. unicode. org/ charts/ PDF/ U31C0. pdf

References• Unicode set of 36 CJK strokes (http:/ / unicode. org/ charts/ PDF/ U31C0. pdf)• Proposal to add twenty strokes to Unicode (http:/ / std. dkuug. dk/ jtc1/ sc2/ wg2/ docs/ n3063. pdf); this proposal

has been approved and is at Stage 6 of the Unicode Pipeline (http:/ / www. unicode. org/ alloc/ Pipeline. html) asof July 30, 2007.

• 38 CJK strokes, by Wenlin Institute (http:/ / www. wenlin. com/ cdl/ cdl_strokes_2004_05_23. pdf)

Article Sources and Contributors 11

Article Sources and ContributorsStroke (CJKV character)  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=541050877  Contributors: Asoer, Auros, Cold Season, Dawynn, Dcshank, DePiep, Ds13, Eternalschala, EvilAshe,Exploding Boy, Geekdiva, Giraffedata, Gorobay, Gudeldar, Huaiwei, JHunterJ, John of Reading, Julesd, Kenb215, Knightofairplanes, LilHelpa, Malyszkz, Master of the Oríchalcos, Menchi,Missylou2who, Pairadox, Redav, Rhynyx, Rjwilmsi, Sabbut, Sadads, Sbandrews, Stemonitis, Sven Manguard, Tetromino, TreasuryTag, Vanisaac, Yug, Zimbres, 梁 棚 元, 19 anonymous edits

Image Sources, Licenses and ContributorsFile:永.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:永.png  License: unknown  Contributors: Asoer, Falcorian, Mikayé, Sarang, Swift, YugImage:S-black.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:S-black.png  License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported  Contributors: YugImage:SZZ-black.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:SZZ-black.png  License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported  Contributors: YugImage:D-black.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:D-black.png  License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported  Contributors: YugImage:H-black.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:H-black.png  License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported  Contributors: YugImage:T-black.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:T-black.png  License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 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http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cjk_zhe.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Missylou2whoImage:Cjk h-horizontal.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cjk_h-horizontal.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Missylou2whoImage:Cjk hg.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cjk_hg.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Missylou2whoImage:Cjk hz.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cjk_hz.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Missylou2whoImage:Cjk hzg.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cjk_hzg.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Missylou2whoImage:Cjk hzt.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cjk_hzt.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Missylou2whoImage:Cjk hzz.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cjk_hzz.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Missylou2whoImage:Cjk hzzz.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cjk_hzzz.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Missylou2whoImage:Cjk hzzzg.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cjk_hzzzg.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Missylou2whoImage:Cjk hzzp.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cjk_hzzp.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Missylou2whoImage:Cjk hp.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cjk_hp.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Missylou2whoImage:Cjk hpw.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cjk_hpw.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Missylou2whoImage:Cjk hpwg.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cjk_hpwg.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Missylou2whoImage:Cjk hzw.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cjk_hzw.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Missylou2whoImage:Cjk hzwg.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cjk_hzwg.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Missylou2whoImage:Cjk hxwg.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cjk_hxwg.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Missylou2whoImage:Cjk hxg.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cjk_hxg.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Missylou2whoImage:Cjk bxg.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cjk_bxg.svg  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Cjk_bxg.png: Missylou2who derivative work: Malyszkz (talk)Image:Cjk s.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cjk_s.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Missylou2whoImage:Cjk sg.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cjk_sg.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Missylou2whoImage:Cjk st.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cjk_st.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Missylou2whoImage:Cjk sz.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cjk_sz.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Missylou2whoImage:Cjk szz.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cjk_szz.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Missylou2whoImage:Cjk szzg.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cjk_szzg.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Missylou2whoImage:Cjk szzwg.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cjk_szzwg.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Missylou2whoImage:Cjk sw.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cjk_sw.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Missylou2whoImage:Cjk swh.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cjk_swh.png  License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0  Contributors: User:Missylou2whoImage:Cjk swg.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cjk_swg.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Missylou2whoImage:Cjk sp.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cjk_sp.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Missylou2whoImage:Cjk szp.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cjk_szp.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Missylou2whoImage:Cjk w.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cjk_w.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Missylou2whoImage:Cjk wg.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cjk_wg.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Missylou2whoImage:Cjk p.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cjk_p.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Missylou2whoImage:Cjk pg.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cjk_pg.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Missylou2whoImage:Cjk pz.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cjk_pz.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Missylou2who

Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 12

Image:Cjk pd.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cjk_pd.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Missylou2whoImage:Cjk pn.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cjk_pn.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Missylou2whoImage:Cjk n.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cjk_n.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Missylou2whoImage:Cjk xg.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cjk_xg.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Missylou2whoImage:Cjk t.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cjk_t.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Missylou2whoImage:Cjk tpn.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cjk_tpn.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Missylou2whoImage:Cjk tn.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cjk_tn.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Missylou2whoImage:Cjk d.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cjk_d.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Missylou2whoImage:Cjk dn.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cjk_dn.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Missylou2whoImage:Cjk q.png  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Cjk_q.png  License: Public Domain  Contributors: Missylou2whoImage:8 Strokes of Han Characters.svg  Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:8_Strokes_of_Han_Characters.svg  License: unknown  Contributors: 8_strokes_of_永.png: Yugderivative work: Rhynyx (talk)

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