INDEX Abbott, Dwight, I, 132 Acton, Robert W., III, 943 Aerial Ferry Bridge, I, 276 Adams, Bertram S., III, 1178 Adams, Charles E., II, 721 Adams, David T., I, 395, 431, 445, 449,

451, 454, 468, 496; II, 511, 513; 514, 520, 521, 522, 523, 547, 574, 579, 581, 586, 666, 682, 702, 714, 727; III, 933

Adams and Fayal Kindergartens, Eve- leth, II, 535

Adams Hospital, Hibbing, II, 564 Adams Mine, I, 405, 414; II, 513, 515 Adams Mine Office (Original), (Illus-

tration), II, 512 Adams Mining Company, II, 513 Adams Properties: In Lake Superior

Consolidated Iron Mines, I, 405 Adams School, Duluth, I, 337 Adams 'School (Lincoln Annex), Eve-

leth, II, 536 Adams-Spruce Mines, II, 515, 516 Adkins, DeWitt, I, 443 Adkins, Stanley, II, 865 Adriatic Mine, II, 706 Agnew, W. C., II, 543, 545, 552, 728,

729 Agnew Mine, II, 545 Agnew No. 2 Reserve, II, 545 Agnew No. 3 Reserve, II, 545 Agnich, Joseph, I, 391 Agnich, Steve, I, 391 Agriculture: Farms in St. Louis County

in 1910 and 1920, I, 179; (Hutter dis- trict), 460; (Balkan Township), 508; (Eveleth district). II, 530

Ainslee, S. R., II, 580, 581 Aitkin, William A., I, 49 Ajax Mine, I, 451 Akerson, 0. W., I, 378 Ala, Edward, II, 829 Alango Township, II. 661 Albany Mine, II, 545 Alborn Township, II, 662 Albricht, Theodore, I, 490 Alden Township, II, 663 Alexander, Claude C., III. 1109 Alexander, George H., III, 1013 Alger-Smith mill, I, 328 "Algonquin" (historic schooner), I, 322 Allaben, G., I, 475 Allen, Charles J., I, 264 Allen, John, III, 1000 Allen, Quince, I, 113 Allen, William, II, 663 Allen Junction school, I, 492 Allen township, II, 663 Allred, William P., Jr., II, 929 Altamont Water Company, I, 299 Alworth, Marshall H., I, 267, 301, 496;

II, 540, 551, 754 Alworth Building, Duluth (Illustration),

I, 295

Alworth Reserve, I, 496 American Barge Company, I, 289, 411 American Carbolite Company, I, 316,

317, 318 American Exchange Bank, Duluth, I,

261, 308 American Exchange National Bank,

Duluth, I, 228, 309 American Exchange Bank of Virginia,

II, 598 American Fur Company's, Building,

Fond du Lac (Illustration), I, 48 American Fur Trading Company at

Fond du Lac, Minnesota, I, 44; post abandoned (1847), 55; its mining operations, 66

American Legion Post, Mountain Iron, I, 428

American Mining Company, I, 499 American Steam Barge Company, I, 401 Americanization, I, 334 Anderson, Andrew, I, 428 Anderson, Andrew G., III, 1121 Anderson, Alexander, II, 827 Anderson, A. R., I, 455 Anderson, Charles, I, 391 Anderson, E. J.,I, 467 Anderson, E. .' I, 231 Anderson, F. E., I, 484 Anderson, Harry W., II, 894 Anderson, John, I, 372, 391, 428 Anderson, Nels, II, 826 Anderson, R. E., I, 459 Anderson rural school, I, 481 Andren, Andrew, II, 871 Andrews, J. M., I, 359 Androy Hotel. Hibbing, II, 559 Angora Township, II, 663 Angst, Bert, II, 547 Ansley, Frank, III, 1189 Anthony, Frank, I, 87 Antonelli, Herman, III, 1128 Appleby, W. H., II, 893 Applehagen, E., I, 270 Apuli, Gust A., I, 430; III, 1149 Archer, William J., II, 828 Armstrong, Benjamin J., I, 61, 62, 120 Armstrong, Frederick W., II, 855 Armstrong, John, II, 582 Armstrong, John F., I, 450 Armstrong, Thomas, I, 369 Arnold, Luther B., III, 1110 Ash, H. C., I, 301 Ashawa (Village), II, 721 . Ashtabula Heights, 'I, 236 Ashton, Harry, I, 106 Ashton, Washington, I, 125 Associated Charities of Duluth, I, 298 Astor, John Jacob, I, 44 "Astor, John Jacob" (pioneer brig), I,

321 Atkins. George G., I, 445, 452 ; II. 511,

579,- 714 vii

viii INDEX

Atkinson, Claude M., II, 566; III, 973 Atkinson, Marc M., II, 566 Atwood, Edward, I, 385 Auburn (Iron King) Mine (also illus-

tration), II, 583 Ault, George L., II, 667 Ault township, II, 667 Aurora Athletic Association, I, 494 "Aurora Borealis," I, 490 Aurora Grade School (Illustration), I,

488 Aurora News, I, 490 Aurora reserve, I, 485 Aurora Village, I, 180, 485, 486, 487,

488, 489 Austin, Joseph, I, 504 Aygarn, M. D., I, 481, 484 Ayer, Frederick, I, 49 Ayres, George T., I, 385, 387; II, 894 Azhamignon, Peter, I, 54

Babbitt, K. R., II, 666 Babbitt, Village, II, 665, 666, 667 Bacon, D. H., I, 365, 477 Bacon, Ryan H., I, 94, 95 Badger, Samuel, I, 133, 146, 218 Badger, Samuel, Jr., I, 146 Bailey, C. E., I, 456; II, 516 Bailey, E. L., I, 232 Bailey, Richard R., II, 795 Bailey, William C., II, 610 Bailey, William T., II, 594, 795 Bakalya, George, I, 336 Baker, Benjamin E., III, 1050 Baker, Daniel A., I, 69, 72 Baker, D. A. J., I, 68, 73, 84, 87 Baker, Ed., I, 112 Baker, James H., I, 270; II, 614 Baker, John H., I, 68 Bale, James, I, 375 Baldwin, M. R., II, 580 Balkan School, Chisholm, I, 510 Balkan Township, Mineral Wealth of,

I, 496; organization of, 508; schools, 510, II, 667, 731

Baltimore and Ohio Telegraph Com- pany, I, 263

Bangor Mine, I, 452 ; II, 737 Bank of Biwabik, I, 442 Bank of Commerce and Savings, Du-

luth, I, 308 Bank of Ely, I, 387 Bank of Hibbing, II, 557, 563 Bank of West Duluth, I, 308 Banks and Banking: First Duluth

Banks and Bankers, I, 185; the Jay Cooke Bank, 187; Duluth's pioneer banks; 227: banks of Duluth Village, 261; in Duluth (1887-1920), 308; Duluth banks (1880-1919), 331; Du- luth Clearing House Association, 308; banks of Tower. 378; banks of Ely, 387; Gilbert banks, 465; Buhl banks, 475; Aurora banks, 490; Eveleth banks, II, 526; Hibbing banks, 557. 563; banks of Virginia, 597, 598; Cook banks, 721.

Baranowski, Frank J., III, 1139 Barber, Max H., III, 1004

Barbour, H. P., I, 449 Barclay, Anthony, I, 340 Barden, James, I, 305 Bardon, James, I, 88, 94, 120, 135, 251,

280 305 306, 346 Bardon, James H., I, 45, 66 Bardon, Richard, I, 305 Bardon, Thomas, I, 367 Baring failure, I, 285 Barnes, Julius H., I, 292 Barnes, Mrs. Julius H., I, 338 Barnes, Lucien J., I, 212, 257 Barnett, John M., I, 95, 112, 116, 125,

130, 207 Barnett, John S., I, 99 Barnett (Miss), N. C., I, 112 Barnum, George G., I, 224 ; III, 984 Barnett, Edward L., II, 844 Barrett, Frederick, I, 459; II, 580; III,

1160 Barrett, George R., III, 1005 Barrett, Lawrence M., II, 844 Barrett, R. H., I, 92, 100, 114, 133, 139,

145, 151 Barrett, William C., III, 968 Barron, Daisy, I, 491 Barstow, William, I, 164 Bartlett, E. B., I, 403 Barton, J. A., I, 490 Bartow, John H., I, 453 Bass, J. W., I, 111 Bassett Township. II, 668, 725 Bassett, William, I, 352, 356, 374 Batchelder, B. W., II, 545 Bates, A. C., I, 451 Bates, F. A., I, 449 Bates, Stuart, II, 593 Bates, William E., III, 1035 . Bawden, Albert J., III. 1114 Baxter, Charles, III, 1003 Bayha, Fred, II, 901 Bayless, S. L., I. 252 Bayliss, Willard, III, 1095 Bay View Hotel, I, 190 Beardsley, A. 0., II, 544 Bearinger, Isaac, I, 369 Bear River Journal, II, 721 Beatty, Noble A., II, 669 Beatty township, II, 669 Beaver, Illustration, I, 8 Beaver Bay, I, 92, 94, 122, 135, 137 Beck, J. A., I, 428; II, 717 Becker, George L., I, 72 Becks, Joseph, III, 1007 Belanger, Adolf, I, 499 Belgrade (Kellogg) Mine, I, 453 Bell, Henry H., I, 95, 280 Bell, J. B., I, 112 Bellville (Lakeside), I, 92, 121 Bench and Bar : First session of court

in St. Louis County, I, 145; first Du- luth lawyer and first lawsuit, 145; first journal of District Court, 148; judicial districts organized, 217; St. Louis County bar 0869), 220

Beneteau, P., I, 257 Bennett Park, Hibbing, II, 561; Illus-

tration, 566

INDEX ix

Bennett Reserve, I, 485 Bennett, R. M., I, 452, 486; II, 539, 727 Berdie, Robert F., II, 553, 554 Berg, Emil, I, 435 Bergeron, Alphonse L., III, 1075 Bergeron, Edmond A., II, 932 Bergeson, Jay 0., II, 782 Berglund, Abraham, I, 411 Berglund, Oscar A., II, 780 Bergman, John II, 556 Bergquist, Andrew, II, 787 Berkelman, Louis, I, 224 Berkman, Carl E., II, 852 Berkman, Millie, ,II, 853 Berwind Fuel Company, I, 319 Bessemer Mine, II, 580 Bessemer Steamship Company, I, 411 Bi-aus-wah, I, 3 Bickford, Albert E., II, 590; III, 1080 Big Rice Lake, II, 725 Billheimer, J. B., I, 251 Billings Mine, I, 497 Billson, W. W., I, 210, 220, 252 Binney, Joseph, III, 1158 Birch (Mrs.), W. S., I, 298 Bishoff, J. F., Jr., I, 305 Bishoff, J. F., Sr., I, 305 Biwabik, I, 180, 435, 436, 437, 438. 439;

Main Street (Illustration), 442 Biwabik Bessemer Company, I, 447 Biwabik High School, I, 442 Biwabik Hospital (Illustration), I, 440 Biwabik Iron Company, I, 446 Biwabik Mine, I, 398, 415, 419, 431, 436,

443, 414, 447; II, 577, 714 Biwabik Mining Company, I. 449 Biwabik Mountain Iron Company, I,

445, 447, 449 Biwabik Ore Company: First steam

shovel on Mesaba Iron Range, I, 446, 447

Biwabik Park (Illustration). I. 439 "Biwabik Times," I, 443 Biwabik Township, I. 431: II, 670 Bjorge, Oscar B., III, 1054 Black, David R., III, 979 Black, Henry, I, 363 Blacklock, Samuel S., III, 1202 Blackmarr, H. M., II, 766 Blackwood, George C., II, 685 Blais, Joe. I. 92 Blanchard, D. S., I, 270 Blanchard, Horace N., I. 375 Blewett, Al, II, 798 Bliss, Aaron T., II, -540 Bliss. Lafayette, III, 1223 Blizzard of 1892, I, 296 Bloomer, E. M., I, 204 Blough, Clyde, III, 1113 Bobleter. Joseph, II, 622 Bodas, Herman, I, 461 Boeling, William, I, 267, 496 Hogan, R. L., II, 567 Bohn, William, I, 481 Boldine, Matt, I, 391 Bolton, F. E., I, 324 Bonham, W. G., I, 375, 383 Bonino, S. T., I, 458 Booth, Edward, C., III. 1180

Borgen, H. H., III, 1192 Borgen, Walter H., III, 1120 Borup, Trader, I, 64 Bostwick (Borthwick), Adam, I, 133 Bostwick (Borthwick), R. C., I, 133 Bothwick, Robert, I, 87, 88 Boutwell, W. H., I, 49, 50 (biog.) Boutwell's Mountain, I, 50 Bowe-Burke Mining Company, L - 453 Boyd, John D., I, 277 Brackett, Alfred B., II, 615 Brackett's Battalion Cavalry, Civil War,

II, 615 Braden, W. W., I, 417 Bradley, Edward L.. I. 280; II, 789 Bradley, Henry M., I. 369; II, 789 Bradford Mining Company,' I, 498 Bradshaw, Peter E., Sr., I, 106 Bradshaw, Peter E., I, 305 Bradt, Eugene F., III, 1188 Brady, Thomas F., III, 1127 Bragg, B., I, 481 • Bray, Charles W., I, .443; III, 938 Breakwater and Canal, Duluth, I, 188 Breitung, Edward N., I, 360 Breitung Township, II, 671 Brennan, C., I, 3-59 Brennick, John, I, 423 Brewer, F. A.. II, 892 Bridge, J. H., I, 409 Bridgeman, Henry, II, 874 Bridgeman Russell Company, II, 874 Bright, M. S., I, 123 Brooks, F. E.. I. 324 Brooks, Gordon. II, 831 Brookston, Village of, II, 677 Brown, A. C., I, 305 Brown, B. D., I, 279 Brown, Charles. I. 424 Brown, Edgar, I, 282, 450 Brown, Edwin H., I, 149- Brown, George S., I. 423 Brown, Harvey H., I, 274 Brown, J. E., I, 104 Brown, John G., I, 369, 375 Brown, John M., I, 391 ; II, 888 Brown, Samuel V., I, 383 Brown, Walter B.. I. 508; II, 839 Brown, William G., III, 1064 Brown, Zachary, I, 95, 202 Brown, Z. J., I, 100, 104, 133, 356 Brownell, Leslie M., III, 934 Brownell, Phineas T., I, 391; III, 934 Brunson. Benjamin W., reaches Supe-

rior (1854), I, 72 Bronson, Charles A., I, 338 Brozich, George L., I, 385, 387, 389 ; II,

976 Brozich. John C., II, 858 Bruce, Robert-S. D.. I, 202 Brula, Joseph, I. 458 Brute, Etienne, I, 5 Brule River (1660), I. 11 Brunson, Alfred, I, 72 Brunson, Benjamin W., I, 64, 72, 80 Brunt Mine, II. 716 Bryant School, Duluth, I, 337 Bryce. George, I, 40

x INDEX

Buboltz, August, II, 683 Buchanan, I, 92, 113, 122, 135; Land

office opened at, 93, 121; land office removed to .Portland (1859), I, 152

Buchanan, James, L 88 Buck, George W., I, 296, 467; II, 586 Buckingham, F. A., I, 82, 91, 132, 139 Budd, J. D., II, 622 Buffalo and Susquehanna Iron Company,

II, 547 Buh, Joseph F., I, 391 Buhl, Frank H., I, 471 Buhl, I, 180, 471, 479; its original timber

growth (Illustration), 472; war work, 475; ordinances and mayors, 478; population, II, 692

Buhl Schools, I, 481, 482, 484 Buhl Advertiser, I, 467 Buhl Group of Mines, I, 475; II, 691 Buhl Public Library, III, 1228 Bullard Knitting Company, I, 317 Bullen, Frank W., III, 1146 Bullen, Joseph, I, 69 Bullen, Joseph Addison, I, 67, 87 Bungo, Stephen, I, 88 Bunnell Block fire, I, 295 Burg, Edward F., II, 905 Burgess, William M., II, 802 Burgher, William E., II, 793 Burk, Henry S., I, 100 Burke, Stevenson, II, 547 Burke, W. S., I; 133 Burlington, I, 112 Burlington Bay, I, 92, 123 Burman, C. L., III, 964 Burns, Ernest E., II, 843 Burrell, Frank E., II, 851 Burrows, GeOrge L., II, 541 Burt, Wellington R., I, 496; II, 541 Burt, William, I, 123 Burt mine, I, 415 Burt No. 5, Reserve, I, 496 Burt-Poole mine, II, 541 Bush, Millard R., III, `)86 Bushnell, D. P., I, 54 Butchart, George N., III, 1057 Butcher, E. W. R., III, 1076 Butler, James D., I, 321 Builer, John, III, 1009 Butler Brothers, I, 478 Buyck, Charles, II, 722 Buyck Township, II, 722 Byers, A. M., I, 447 Bystrom, Andrew, I, 376 Bystrom, Gus, I, 376

Cadotte, Augustus, I, 88 Cadotte, Benjamin, I, 68. 88, 359 Cadotte, Jean Baptiste, I, 41, 4Z Caine, D. F., I, 458 Caine, D. T., I, 458, 459 Caldwell, Frank, II, 533 Calvary Cemetery, I, 326 Camp, Asa. E., I, 383, 389 Cameron, William B., I, 437, 438 Campbell, James S., I, 223, 224 Camp Ramsey, Spanish American War,

II, 622

Canadian Pacific Railroad Company, I, 251

Canal through Minnesota Point, Duluth, I, 193, 196

Canisteo mine, I, 415 Canosia Township, II, 672, 673, 689 Cant, Kenneth S., II, 860 Canton Company, I, 446 Canton mine, I, 449 Canute, Frank W., III, 1165 Carbic Manufacturing Company, I, 316 Carey, I, 162 Carey, John R., I, 99 (biography), 221,

236, 305, 306 Carey, E. W., II, 721 Carey, Richard E., I, 305 Cargill, James W., II, 837 Carhart, C. W., III, 1116 Carlin, A. J., I, 414; II, 579 Carlin, William, II, 718 Carlson, C. G., I, 381; III, 937 Carlson, Edward, I, 428 Carlson, Gust, I, 507; II, 564, 769 Carlson, J. H., II, 556 Carlson, John N., III, 1156 Carlton, Reuben B., I, 55, 56, 89, 105,

131, 135, 162, 163 Carlton, Webb, I, 56 Carlton (R. B.) Company, I, 86, 112 Carlton County, I, 153 Carlton Township, I, 145 Carman, A. B., I, 430 Carmichael, Percy, III, 1154 Carmichael,,William, I, 450, 453 Carnegie, Andrew, I, 410 Carnegie Dock and Fuel Company, I,

319 Carpenter Hospital, Ely, I, 385 Carp River Township, I, 145 Carrol. II, 726 Carroll, John W., I, 458 Carroll, M., I, 252 Carson, G. H., II, 827 Carson, W. C., I, 324 Carteret. George, I, 16 Casey, Edmund I., III, 1195 Cash, Daniel G., I, 220. Cash, D. S., I, 60, 61, 162 Cash, Frederick H., Jr., III, 1234 Cass mine, I, 450 Castigliano, Attilio, II, 876 Cathedral School (Catholic), Duluth, I,

339 Catholicism at Fond du Lac (1830), I,

53 Catler,_ J., 1, 359 Cavan, David B., III, 1157 Cavour mine, I, 477 Cavour Mining Company, I, 477 Cecilian Society, Duluth, I, 284 Cedar Valley Township, II, 673 Census of 1857, I, 135; 1860 and 1880,

153 Central Bank, Duluth, I, 308 Central High School, Duluth, I, 337 Central Park, Eleveth (illustration), II,

530

INDEX xi

Central School, Ely, I, 389; Chisholm, 509; Virginia, II, 605

Chalk, Michael F., II, 890 Chamber of Commerce, Duluth, I, 226 Chamberlain, Paul F., II, 778 Chambers, M. E., I, 237 Champa, Louis, I, 489 Champlain, Samuel, de, I, 5 Chandler mine, I, 366, 367 Chapin, H. L., I, 423; II, 551 Chapin-Wells Hardware Company, I,

324 Chapman, Simcoe, I, 467 Charnley, James, I, 452 Chase, Albert S., I, 204, 252 Chase, K. D., I, 286, 445; II, 577 Chase Brothers, II, 727 Chebul John, I, 210 Cheeseborough, George L., II, 511 Chequamegon Bay, I, 7, 8 Cherry, Charles H., III, 1217 Chester, Albert H., I, 349, 351, 356 Chester, Charles, I, 130, 133 Chester Expedition of 1875, I, 351, 394;

of 1880, 355-58 Chester Park, Duluth (illustration), I,

128 Chestnut Street, Virginia, 1909 (illustra-

tion), II, 597 Chicago Iron Company, I, 450 Chicago mine, I, 450 Chicago Minnesota. Ore Company, II,

513 ' Chichester, Robert, I, 270 Cincinnati Iron Company, I, 449 Chief Buffalo, I, 61, 62 Chief Buffalo special reservation, I, 61 Chinn, Henry, I, 385, 386, 391; II, 902 Chiodi, James, II, 732 Chippewa Iron Company, I, 365 Chisholm, A. M., I, 496, 507.; II, 545,

546, 563, 564 Chisholm Community Building, I, 506 Chisholm group: ore shipments of, 1919,

I, 497 Chisholm Herald, I, 508 Chisholm High School, I, 509 Chisholm High School Building (illus-

tration), I, 507 Chisholm Improvement Company, I, 498,

508 Chisholm Municipal Hospital, I, 509 Chisholm newspapers, I, 508 Chisholm Public Library, I, 505 Chisholm State Bank, I, 507 "Chisholm Tribune Herald, I, 508 Chisholm Village, I, 496, 497, 498, 499,

500 Churches and lodges, I, 506; II, 668 Christensen, Linn R., I, 443, 490; III,

1235 Christensen-Mendenhall-Graham Com-

pany, I, 317, 324 Christopherson, Joseph, II, 819 Chruden, R. J., II, 923 Church, B. C., I, 268, 269 Churches: Affected by hard times of

1857-61, I, 142; Bishop Whipple visits Duluth (1861), I, 157; M. E. Society

of Duluth, 208; first Catholic church and Baptist church of Duluth, 210; Lutheran church, Duluth, 213; Duluth (1870), 206-213; Duluth (1886), 264; First of Ely, 385; Mountain Iron Vil-lage, I, 427; of Gilbert, 461; of Eve-leth, II, 528; of Hibbing, II, 564, 594

Cincinnati mine, I, 431 Citizens Bank, Duluth, I, 308 Citizen's Dock, I, 193 Citizens State Bank, Duluth, I, 310 City Gun Store, III, 1111 City National Bank, Duluth, I, 308 Civil War oeriod, I, 161, 162; First Min-

nesota Infantry, II, 612; Second Min-nesota Infantry, 612; Third Minne-sota Infantry, 612; Fourth 'Minnesota Infantry, 612 ; Fifth Minnesota In-fantry, 613; Sixth Minnesota Infantry, 613 ; Seventh Minnesota Infantry, 613 ; Eighth Minnesota Infantry, 614; Ninth Minnesota Infantry, 614; Tenth Min-nesota Infantry, II, 614; Eleventh Minnesota Infantry, 614; First Regi-ment Heavy Artillery, 614; First Mounted Rangers, 615; Second Com-pany, Sharpshooters, 615; Brackett's Battallion Cavalry, 615; Hatch's Bat-talion. Cavalry. 615; St. Louis County in, 608-621; Dailey's (Asa) List of St. Louis County soldiers, 616-621; G. A. R. posts of St. Louis County, II, 621, 622

Claim Jumping, I, 77, 80 Clam-shell grab system of mining, I, 451 Clapperton, J. 0., II, 681 Clark, C. E., I. 106, 112, 123, 131 Clark, Simon, III, 1116 Clark, Thomas, I, 84, 86,.87, 107, 112,

124, 164, 167, 345 Clark, E. W., and Company, I, 187 Clark House, I, 185, 187, 238 Clarke, E. W., and Company, I, 227 Clapp, Moses, I, 285 Clarkson Coal and Dock Company, I,

319 Claypool. Charles H., III, 1181 Clearing House Association, I, 308 Clemens, Jack, I," 131 Cleveland, Henry. I. 271, 307 Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Company, I, 415,

478 ; II, 549 Clifton, I, 92, 97, 122 Clinton Township, II, 674 Cloquet mine, II, 513, 515 Close, R. T.. I, 324 Clough, D. M., II, 622 Cloutier, Edward C., III, 994 Clyde Iron Works, I, 316 Coal receipts (1880-1920), I; 332 Coal trade at Duluth. I. 318 Cobb, Edwin R.. I, 307 Coburn, R. G., I, 106, 171 Cockhen, H., I, 428 ' Cochran, E. L., II, 547 Coe, E. K., III, 1059 Coffery, Bart, I, 391 Coffery, Guy. I, 391 Coffery, Mary, I, 391

xii INDEX

Coffey, Barth, I, 387 Coffey, Bartholomew D., III, 1198 Coffey, L. B., I, 140 Coffey's Landing, I, 140 Coffin, L. C., III, 967 Cohoe, Frank H., III; 979 Cohoe, John G., II, 575 Cokefair, C. C., I, 301 Cokefair, Frank A., I, 301 Cole, Thomas F., I, 301, 415 Coleman, H. J., II, 527 Colgrove, P. P., II, 606 Collins, David T., III, 1014 Collins, Edwin J., III, 1172 Colman, C. F., I, 338 Columbia mine, II, 585 Colville, William, II, 614 Colvin, Frank S., I, 435, 436, 437; II, 885 Colvin, Norris J., I, 467; III, 1162 Colvin Township, II, 675 Commercial Bank, Duluth, I, 308 Commercial Club, Ely, I, 387 Commercial Club, Gilbert, I, 467 Commission form of government, Du-

luth, I, 303 Commodore mine, II, 575, 579, 580 Companies A, C and E, Third Minne-

sota Infantry, World War, II, 627 Comstock, Albert H., I, 324; II, 874 Conan, W. J. I, 365, 367 Conant, C. A., I, 213 Congdon, Chester A., III, 1187 Congdon, Edward C., III, 1186 Congdon, Thomas C., II, 567; III, 1133 Congdon, W. H.,I, 301, 376 Congdon Park 1lustration), I, 147 Conklin, Bert M., III, 1010 Connor, B. H., I, 60 Conner, John B., II, 551 Conner, Patrick, I, 45 Conner, Thomas J., I, 460 Conner's Point, I, 2, 45 Conner's Slough, I, 140 Considine, Thomas, I, 296 ; II, 768 Consolidated Vermilion mine, I, 365 Cook, B. J., II, 918 Cook, M. E., II, 586 Cook, W. H., II, 746 Cook Newsboy, II, 721 Cook \Tillage, II, 720 Cooke, Jay, I, 164; memorial, Duluth,

283, 393 Coole, R. j., I, 338 Cooley, Jerome E., I, 193, 234 Coons, Emanuel W., III, 1192 Copway, George, I, 55 Corcoran, W. W., I, 67, 72 Corey, Clark F., III, 1011 Cormack, James R., I, 385 Corrigan, James, II, 579 Corrigan McKinney and Company, II,

547, 579 Cory, Timothy P., III, 1200 Corsica mine, I, 454, 469 Corson, Carroll, I, 437 Cosgrove; Peter, I, 459 • Costin, John, Jr., II, 716

Costin, John, II, 833 Costin Village, II, 716 Cotton, Joseph B., I, 404 Cotton Township, II, 675, 694 County Assessments : In early 60's and

in 1920, I, 149, 150 Cowan, Frank L., I, 387; III, 1227 Cowell, W. G., I, 113, 162 Cowles, William G., I, 122 Cox, Frank, II, 582, 586 Cox, I. G., I, 386, 391 Craig, D. A., I, 467 Cram, Ed., I, 386 Crane Ordway Company, I, 438 Crassweller, F., I, 338 Crisis Commercial of 1857, I, 135, 137,

139 Crist, Henry C., I, 209 Crockett's Opera House, Virginia, II,

589 Cronberg, Gust, I, 471, 472, 475, 481;

III, 1072 Crooks, Hester (Mrs. W. H. Boutwell),

I, 51 Crosby, George H., I, 477 Crosier's Point, I, 140 Crowell, J. A., I, 450 Croxton mine, I, 477 Cruttenden, I, 65 Culbertson, A. L., I, 243 Culbertson, L. L., III, 1203 Culkin, W. E., I, 10, 13, 341 Cullum, M. B., I, 303 Cullyford, Thomas, I, 239, 295; II, 666 Culver, C. W., I, 257, 258 Culver, Joshua B., I, 56, 73, 97, 99, 104,

114, 117, 129, 131, 132, 133, 134, 146, 160, 169, 193, 198, 199, 200, 207, 223, 227, 231, 239, 242, 254, 330, 336, 345; II, 610

Culver mine, I, 477 Culver reserve, I, 477 Culver Township, II, 676 Cummings, C. R., I, 263 Cummings, J. A. I, 326 Cuppernull, David E., II, 602 Curley, William P.. III, 1231 Curran John, III, 1148 Currier, David A., I, 112, 123 Cushing, T., I, 359 Cushman, C. M., I, 226 Cuyuna Iron Range, I, 329, 415 Cyprus mine, II, 545

Dacey, Francis J., III, 1038 Dacey, James F., III, 1037 Dahl, Andrew, II, 811 Dahl, Edward A., II, 781 Dahl, Geneva. II. 782 Dahl, Sigvert S., II, 812 Dahlgren, Calvin A., II, 895 Daigle, John, II, 556 Dailey. Asa (death of), II, 615, 616;

III, 1106 Dailey, Frank A., I, 442 Daily Herald, Duluth, I, 228 Daily Virginian, II. 602 Dalrymple, Oliver, I, 192, 248 Dane. Frank S., II, 910

INDEX xiii

Daniels, Jeff, I, 203 Danielson, C. W., I, 476 Darling, John H., I, 264, 319, 322 Darling, P. E., I, 467 Davey, Thomas H., III, 1214 Davey, William J., III, 1216 David, Leonard C., I, 454; III, 1159 Davidson, A. D., II, 563 Davies, J. E., II, 584 Davis, Charles H., II, 727 Davis, J. E., II, 760 Davis, M. J., I, 273, 303 Davis, William W., I, 235, 249, 254 d'Autremont, C., I, 303 D'Autremont, Hubert H., II, 856 Day, John, II, 550 Day, William H., III, 945 Day Mine, II, 544 Dayton, Lyman, I, 167 Dean, Dennis, I, 87 Dean, Peter, I, 245, 251 Dean Mine, I, 477 Decker, Benjamin, I, 200 Decker, Charles, II, 768 Decker, Nicholas, I, 200 Decker's (Nicholas) Brewery, I, 152,

190 Deetz, August W., II, 861 De Gresolon, Daniel, Sieur Duluth, I,

20-37 De la Tourette, Gresolon, I, Z2, 23 Demel, Frank J., Sr., III, 1062 Demel. Mayme, I, 475 Deming, Isabelle C., I, 338 Denfield, R. E., I, 337 Denton, D. T., II, 535 Derido, A., "I, 428 Dessau, E., II, 547 Detention Municipal Hospital, Hibbing,

II, 564 Detroit Iron Company, I, 467 Detroit post erected by Duluth, I, 34 DeVoist, Peter L., III, 952 Diamond Calk Horse Shoe Company,

I, 316 Dickson, Robert, I, 43 Didlake. George W., I, 146 Diehl, Alfred S., III, 953 Dimatteo, Alfred, II. 732

• Dinham township, II, 677 Dinsmore, J. A., I, 385 District Court House. Hibbing, II. 567 Dobie Brothers, I, 385 Docks (1870-1920), I, 332 Dodge, A. P., I, 436

-Doerr, Henry C., I, 490; II, 825 Dohm, John W., III, 1147 Doliber, C. A., I. 481 Donahue, E. J. W., II, 817 Donald, A. H.. II, 763 Donaldson, Ben., I, 88 DoneIly, Thomas, I, 432 Donora Mines, I, 485 Dore, H., I, 359 Dormer, George H., III: 1056 Dorr, T. E., I, 467 Doty County, I, 100 Doucher, F. E., II, 556 Douglas, H. A., I, 252

Dowling, P. E., II, 521, 531 Downing, Frank E., III, 1148 Dowse, Thomas, I, 211 Drew, John, I, 245, 251 Droz, Louis, I, 305 D. & I. R. Railroad Grant, I, 359 D. M. and N. R R. Company ore docks

2(89 illustration), I, 286; equipment of,

Duff, John, I, 428 Duff, S. K., I, 277 Duffield E. T., II, 606 Duggan, W. D., I, 444 Duluth, Daniel de Gresolon (Sieur), I,

20-37 Duluth: district of, I, 247, 249, 251 Duluth Canal through Minnesota Point,

I, 193, 196 Duluth (City), Duluth lands on site of

(1679), I, 26, 28; first settler of, 64; settlers of, 1853-54, 73; planning of, 92; original townsite platted, 94, 97; migration to, begins (1854-55), 95; first frame hotel at, 95; surveyed, 112; first house built in, 113, 117; name suggested by Rev. Joseph G. Wilson, 114, 115, 116; illustrations, 116, 170, 227, 262; organized as a village, 114; first temperance society of, 126; in 1856-60, 129; first frame house in, 130, 133; incorporated as a town (1857), 132; in June, 1857, 133; a postoffice address (1857), I, 134; pop-ulation in 1857, 135; first court in, 145; first lawyer and first lawsuit, 146; first wedding in, 148; first public school .for school district No. 5, 153; Ma-sonry born in, 153

Duluth in 1861, 156; Bishop Whipple visits (1861), 157; first postmasters, 160; in 1865, 162; becomes terminus of Lake Superior arid Mississippi River Railroad, 167; construction of canal at, I, 169 ; permanent growth commences (1867-68), 169; in 1869, 175

Duluth of today, 181, 182; in 1870 (Poirier), 183; pioneer banks and bankers, 185; baptized as "The Zenith City of the Unsalted Seas," I, 187; outside dock of (1869), 187; the pioneer school of, 187; breakwater and canal, 188; Superior Street in 1869-70, 188; industries of 1869, 190; Young Ladies' Seminary of, 190; de-velopments of 1870-71, 191 ; floating islands in harbor, 191; elevators and docks of early period, 192, 193; first city election, 199; first city admin-istration and original city. boundaries, 200; first police department of, 202; organized fire protection, I, 203, 204; 205; churches of; 1870. 206. 213; pioneer schools of, 216,; first Masonic hall in, 222; pioneer banks of, 227; pioneer newspapers of, 228, 233; in 1870 (Cooley), 235; first elevator on the bay front, 236; pioneer hospital, 237; first blast furnace in, 237; its

xiv INDEX

early mayors, 239; franchise for street • railway granted, 242; gloomy times of 1873-78, 243; in 1876 (Hugo), I, 246; elevators (1877), 248; finances of (1877) and village charter ob-tained, 249; boundaries extended and street railway franchise accepted (1881), 252; Chamber of Commerce, 253; gas and water franchises granted, 253; grain receipts in 1871-86, 254; 255; elevator development to 1886, 255; commerce and trade, 255-257; an iron manufacturing point, 258; census statistics of village, 259; its shipping and railroads, 261; last mayors of the village, 263; first passenger train into, 263; first regular' fire department, 264; electric lighting introduced to, 2642 reinstated as a city (1887), 265; municipal and general history (1887-90), 266-274; flour mills (1886-1895), 268-269; public grounds, 271; Davis and Hugo in control (1890), 273; vil-lage absorbed, 274, 275, 277, 282; booster trips for, 284; ore docks of today, 288; as a mining center (1890-93), 293; fires of early '90s, 294, 295; mayors, 1887-1920, 303; about 1900 (Illustration), 302; in 1900, 304; as an iron and steel manufacturing cen-ter, 310; first ingots made at, 314; first car of Duluth steel shipped, 314; mis-cellaneous manufactures, 316; coal trade at, 318; wholesale houses of, 323; hospitals, homes and dispensaries, 325; secret and fraternal bodies, 327; churches, associations and clubs, 328; lumber trade passes from, 3N; street car service extended, 329; fiftieth municipal anniversary, 330; thirty years' growth in figures, 331; popula- tion and property valuation of (1880- 1919), 331; municipal improvemehts and merchandise of, 332; commerce (1886 and 1920), 332; in 1865 (Carey), 347

Duluth Armory (illustration), II, 623 Duluth before canal was cut (Illustra-

tion), I, 120 Duluth and Iron Range Railroad, I, 258,

286, 350, 359, 360, 362, 393, 395, 399, 435 ; II, 702, 706, 727

Duluth and Winnipeg Railroad, I, 250, 251, 360, 399

Duluth (Berringer) Mine, I. 450 Duluth Bethel Society, I, 216 Duluth Board of Education, I, 338 Duluth Board of Trade, I, 254 Duluth Boat Club, I, 265 Duluth Boiler Works, I, 316 Duluth City Hall, construction of, I,

269 Duluth Commercial Club. I, 316 Duluth Gas and Water Company, I, 201 Duluth Harbor, history of, by Ensign,

I, 194, 264, 267 Duluth Herald, I, 232 Duluth High School, I, 337

Duluth Historical and Scientific Asso- ciation, I, 307

Duluth Hose Company, No. 1, I, 205, 238, 247, 264

Duluth Iron and Metal Company, III, 1143

Duluth Iron and Steel Company, I, 237 Duluth Loan and Trust Company, I,

308 Duluth Mining and Investment Com-

pany, II, 520 Duluth, Missabe and Northern Railway

Company, I, 277, 278, 286, 287, 395, 399, 400, 401, 404, 407; II, 542, 588, 727

Duluth National Bank, I, 309 Duluth News Tribune, III, 991 Duluth Ore Company, I, 450 Duluth Postoffice or Federal Building, ' I, 296

Duluth Produce Exchange, I, 256 Duluth Public Library, I, 251 Duluth, Rainy Lake and Winnipeg Rail-

road, II, 594, 697 Duluth Savings Bank, I, 309 Duluth School District, I, 336, 337 Duluth State Bank, I, 310 Duluth Street Railway Company, I, 253 Duluth-Superior Harbor: great com-

merce of, I, 177; coal docks, 319; sta- tistics of (1880-1920), 332

Duluth Telephone Exchange Company, I, 257

Duluth Tribune, I, 230 Duluth township, I, 145; II, 678, 696 Duluth Universal Milling Company, I,

316 Duncan, Charles, A., I, 301 Duncan, D. A., I, 271 Duncan, Kenneth, I, 369; II, 917 Dundas, W. G., I. 434 D'Unger, Robert, 1, 228, 229 Dunleavy, A., I, 277 Dunning, Ernest B., II, 7M Dunning, M. A., I, 324 Dunphy, John, I, 130, 133, 151, 209, 305 Dunwoody, I, 496 Dunwoody Mine, I, 497 Dwyer, William J., III, 1196 Dyer, Albert E., II, 915 Dyke built across Superior Bay, I, 196

Eames, Henry H., I, 163, 347, 350, 393 East Fond du Lac, II, 707 Easton, W. H., II, 595 Eaton, Frank W., I, 252, 396 Eaton, Hiram J., II, 853 Eaton, P., I, 359 Eaton, W. J., II, 533 Eaton Mine, I, 477 Eaton Mining Company, I, 477 Ebmer, E., I, 252 Eby, John A., I, 380 Eckman, S. W., II, 582, 586 Education: School districts first or-

ganized, I, 145; first public school for Duluth School District No. 5; 153; Pioneer Schools of Duluth, 187,

INDEX xv

216; first high school and graded schools, 217; schools of Duluth (1886), 265; "Gary System" at Mor-gan Park, 312; school statistics (1880-1919), 331; schools of Duluth and St. Louis County, 334-349; school history of- Tower, 380; matters at Mountain Iron, 428, 429; schools of Leonidas, Parkville and Virginia, 430; School District No. 24, 442; Independent School District No. 18, 461, 462, 463, 465; Independent,School District No. 35, 481, 483, 484; School District No. 13, 490-494; Chisholm Schools, 509; Independent School District No. 40, 510; Eveleth Schools, II, 533; Inde-pendent School District No. 39 (Eve-leth), 535, 536; Hibbing Schools, 570; Independent School District No. 27, Hibbing, 571; first Virginia school, 589; Independent School District No. 22, Virginia, 603, 607; school District No. 33, 662; Bassett township, 669; School District No. 41, 670; Canosia township, 673; Cedar Valley town-ship, 673; Ellsburg township, 679; Floodwood township, 686; Fredenberg and French townships, 688; Great Scott township, 690; Hermann town-ship, 693; Toivola township, 695; Leiding township, 699; McDavitt and Meadowlands townships, 701; Fond du Lac township, 707; Missabe Moun-tain township, 708; Morcom township, 710; Winton village, 711; Rice Lake township, 724

Edwards, B. F., I, 267 Edwards, Ed., I, 391 Edwards, F. E., I, 475 Egan, James J., I, 171, 194, 198, 200, 220,

228 Egge, Arthur L., II, 564; III, 1140 Eighth' Minnesota Infantry, Civil War,

II, 614 Eiler, A. W., III, 936 Eilertson, E. P., I, 428 Eisenach, Louis, I, 385 Eklund, Arthur, II, 872 Eklund, Gust, I, 461 Eklund, John, I, 428 Eklund, John J., III, 1229 Eklund, W. J., I, 338 Ekstrom, Edwin C., III, 1121 Elba Iron Company, I, 469 Elba-LaBelle Mine, I, 469

.Elba Mine, I, 469 Elba No. 1 and No. 2 Reserve, I, 469 Elder, Martha R. (Mrs. John M. Bar-

netf), I, 98 Election of 1858, I, 151 Elevators and docks of early period,

Duluth, I, 192, 193 Elevators and Grain Statistics (1880-

1919), I, 331 Elk Lake (Itasca), I, 49 Ellefson, A. D., I, 386 Elliott, Henry, I, 109 Elliott, Joseph, II, 517 Elliott, Mark, II, 582, 814

Ellis, Andrew J., I, 146 Ellis, J. B., I, 104, 113 Ellsburg township, II, 679, 701 Ely, I, 180; city of, 381; townsite of,

382; its mayors, 385; first churches of, 385; first merchants of, 385; its city departments, 385; banks of, 387; popu-lation, 1890, 1900, 1910, 1920, 390

Ely, Arthur, I, 382 Ely, Edmund F., I, 12; biography of,

51, 55, 65, 75, 78; his diary, 77, 78, 79, 94, 95, 98, 106, 111, 112, 125, 132, 134, 143, 144, 194, 341, 391

Ely, Franklin W., I, 222, 223, 226 Ely, Samuel P., I, 382, 391 Ely Commercial Club, I, 387 Ely Group of Mines, I, 365 Ely Iron Home, I, 381, 383, 387 Ely Lake, I, 467 Ely Miner, I, 381, 387 Ely town, I, 367 Ely village, II, 711 Embarrass township, II, 680, 735 Emberg, Oscar, I, 461 . Emerson School, Duluth, I, 337 Emmons, E. J., I, 382 Empie, William M.,. II, 593, 831 Endion, I, 92, 94; platted, 113, 119, 120,

122, 125 Endion School, Duluth, I, 337 Englishby, Thomas, I, 359 Ensign, J. D., I, 193, 194, 195, 201, 218,

220, 227, 236, 249, 252, 263, 343 Ensign School, Duluth, I, 337 Epley, William, I, 119, 122, 123, 129,

148, 151, 152, 154 Erchul, Anton, I, 460 Erickson, David J., II, 766 Erickson, James, II, 693 Erickson, John P., I, 387 Erickson, Oscar, I, 443, 481 Erickson, Peter, I, 360, 430; II, 719 Eshquagama Lake, I, 467 Eskola, Ed., I, 481 Essling, Victor E., II, 524; III, 1170 Esterly, E. Eugene, II, 916 Esterly, Roland W., II, 822 Eveleth, I, 180; II, 528 Eveleth Auditorium, II, 524 Eveleth Carnegie Public Library, II,

527 Eveleth cemetery, II, 533 Eveleth city: incorporation of, and

mayors, II, 524; ttansportation, 526 Eveleth City Hall, II, 524 (illustration),

525 Eveleth Commercial Club, II, 531 Eveleth District Schools (illustration),

II, 532 Eveleth Group of Mines, II, 511, 513 Eveleth Independent School District No.

39, II, 708 Eveleth Masonic Temple, II, 525, 710 Eveleth Mine (illustratipn), II, 516 Eveleth News, II, 531 Eveleth Printing and Publishing Com-

pany, II, 531 Eveleth Recreation Building, II, 525

xvi INDEX

Eveleth Village, II, 511, 512, 513, 514, 515; named and incorporated, 517; first school and first church, 520; mov- ing of, 522; presidents of, 524

Evening Tribune, Duluth, I, 232 Evered, Anna, II, 744 Evered, J. A., II, 744 Evered, Walter M., II, 744 Everett, Charles E., II, 571, 907 Exchange Bank of Ely I, 387 Eyre, H. L., I, 359

Fabish, John G., I, 489 Fabor, Frank, I, 437 Fairbairn, C. T., II, 580, 582 Fairbanks township, II, 681 Fairmont Park, Duluth (illustration),

I, 272 Fairmont School, Duluth, I, 337 Faith, J. C., I, 465 Falgren, E. H., II, 757 Fall Lake Village, II, 711, 712 Falls City, I, 92 Fargo, Harvey, I, 92, 133 Fargusson, Owen, I, 254 Farmer, J. C., death of, I, 434 Farmers Co-operative Association,

Balkan township, 'I, 509 Farmers' Day, Aurora, I, 489 Farmers and Merchants State Bank,

Virginia, II, 598; Cook, 721 Farmstead School, II, 605 Farnand, Hugh A., III, 1145 Farrell, James, I, 204 Fassett, Mary C., I, 116 Fawcett, Hugh, III, 948 Fay, M. L., I, 496; II, 545, 584, '585 Fay, William E. (Chisholm), III, 1067 Fay, William E. (Proctor), II, 873 Fay, William E. (Tower), III, 1134 Fayal Mine, I, 415; II, 515 Fayal No. 1, II, 513 Fayal School, Eveleth, II, 535, 536 Fayal township, II, 681 Featherstone, Edward J., II, 676 Federal Consolidated Mining Company,

I, 452 Federal, Steel Company, I, 412 Federated Trade Council of Duluth, I,

270 Feldman, Abe, III, 977 Fenske, August, I, 382, 383, 387; III,

1208 Fenstermacher, William W., III, 1109 Fern township, II, 683 Fesler, Bert, III, 1128 Field, Edwin D., II, 771 Field, James A., II, 683, 720 Field, John, I, 481 Field township, II, 683 Fifer, Theodore, I, 437, 438 Fifield, Fred, I, 385 Fifteenth Minnesota Infantry Spanish-

American War, II, 623 Fifth Council District, I, 104 Fifth Minnesota Infantry, Civil War, II,

613 Filiatrault, Edward J., II, 774 Final, H. D., I, 324

Fine Lakes township, II, 684, 723 Fink, M., I, 252 Finlayson, G. A. E., II, 753 Finlayson and Company, II, 588 Finnish Daily Publishing Co., III, 1098 Firkins, Chester, I, 36 Firoved, C. G., I, 338

FIRST EVENTS AND INSTITUTIONS First Agricultural Society on North

Shore (Oneota, 1859), I, 142 First birth at head of lakes, 76 Firth birth on north shore, 148 First blast furnace in Duluth, 237 First brewery (1859), 152 First canal, 121 First Catholic Church of Duluth, 210 First Christian wedding at Head of the

Lake, 50 First coal dock, 237 First county road, 148 First courthouse (Luce's warehouse),

135 First death at Head of Lakes, 76 First Duluth lawyer, 146 First Duluth steamship line, 242 First election on the north shore, 101 First elevator on the bay front, 236 First English sermon at the Head of

the Lakes, 49 First exclusive postoffice building, Du-

luth, 108 First farm at Head of Lakes, 88 First frame house in Duluth, 130, 133 First frame school house on north

shore, 133 First grand and petit jury, 145 First house built in Duluth, 117 First land entries, 358 First lawsuit, 146 First lawyer in St. Louis county, 218 First liquor license, 145 First lumberman in northern Minnesota,

57 First map of Lake Superior (1629), 5 First marriage license record, 148 First Masonic hall, Duluth, 222 First Mesabi ore used in Duluth, 293 First military road at Head of Lakes, 88 First Minnesota Infantry, Civil War, II,

612 First Mounted Rangers, Civil War, II,

615 First National Bank of Duluth, I, 227,

308-309; Tower, 378; Ely, 387; Biwa-bik, I, 441; Gilbert, I, 465; Buhl, I, 475; Aurora, 490; Chisholm, I, 506;' Eveleth, II, 526; Virginia, II, 597

First newspapers at the Head of the Lakes, I, 125

First ore received in Duluth, 288 First passenger train into Duluth, 263 First pork killed on north shore, 143 First postoffice building in Duluth (il-

lustration), 108 First postoffice in St. Louis county

(Oneota), 111 First railroad survey in northern Wis-

consin, 85

INDEX xvii

First Regiment Heavy Artillery, Civil War, II, 614

First regular steamer from the lower lakes to Duluth, 237

First religious services at Head of Lake, 98

First saw mill at Head of Lakes, 71 First school in St. Louis county

(Oneota), 111 First schoolhouse built in Duluth (il-

lustration), 134 First sermon preached on north shore,

118 First session of court, 145 First settler of Duluth, 64 First settler of Superior, 64 First shipment of furs from Lake Su-

perior, 9 First State Bank, New Duluth, 310 ;

Tower, 378; Ely, 387; Gilbert, I, 465; Buhl, I, 475; Cook, II, 721

First steam shovel on Mesabi Iron Range, 446

First steam vessels on Lake Superior, 321

First survey of St. Louis County, 340 First telephone exchange in Duluth, 257 First temperance society on north shore,

126 First trading post at head of Lake Su-

perior, Fond du Lac (1692), 38 First tugboat at Head of Lakes, 171 First vegetables at Head of Lakes, 88 First wedding in Duluth, 148 First white child born in northern Min-

nesota, 49 Fiscketti, Ralph, III, 965 Fish, J. L. A., I, 210 Fisher, C. H. D., I, 211 Fitch, E. R., I, 391 Fitzgerald, Francis H., II, 929 Fitztaff, Bernhardt, I, 359 Flaherty, Thomas L., I, 487 Flannagan, Thomas A., II, 581; III,

1194 Fleet, Warner, I, 491 Fleming, G. Lee, II, 921 Floodwood Farmers' Co-operative So-

ciety, II, 687 Floodwood township, II, 685, 686 Floodwood village II, 686 Florada, Edward, I, 408, 414, 450; II,

575, 576, 577, 579 Florence (first Ely postoffice), I, 385 Flynn, Elisha A., II, 516 Flynn, John I, 271 Foley, James, II, 581 Folsom, Arthur R., III, 997 Fond du Lac (1680-1854), I, 38-56;

townsite and incorporators, 56; treaty of (1847), 57, 92, 121, 125, 131, 135, 140, 141; (1913), 313; (illustration), II, 707

Fond du Lac bridge, I, 330 Fond du Lac Indian Reservation, I, 56,

61

Fond du Lac Township, I, 145; II, 706, 707

Fond du Lac village, II, 706 Forbes, M. J., I, 255 Forbes, Robert, III, 1124 Ford, Henry C., I, 113 Forest fire of 1918, I, 329 Forest Hill Cemetery, I, 326 Forest Mine, II, 545 Forman Bank, I, 261 Forster Reserve, I, 497 Fort Cadotte, I, 42 Fort Henry Mining Company, I, 478 Fort La Tourette, I, 34 Forward, R. R., III, 1105 Fossum, Andrew, I, 4 Foster, Charles, III, 1136 Foster, Thomas, his prophetic speech, I,

176, 177, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 187, 198, 207, 228, 229, 231, 314; III, 991

Foster Lumber Company, I, 496 Fourteenth Minnesota Infantry, Span-

ish-American War, II, 623 Fourth Minnesota Infantry, Civil War,

II, 612 Fowler, E. F., II, 515 Fowler, E. M., II, 511 Fowler Mine, I, 485 ; II, 737 Fox, Charles T., I, 383 Franck, Samuel, I, 133 Franklin Iron Company, II, 579, 580 Franklin mines, II, 579, 580, 709 Franklin School, Duluth, I. 337 Franklin Village, II, 708, 709 Frantz, Isaac, I, 461 Frantz Mine, I, 477 Fraser, C. D., II, 577 Fratenburgh, I, 359 Fredenberg Township, II, 687 Fredericksen, Karl, I, 459 Fredin, John F., III, 996 Free, Albert, I, 423 Freeman, Dudley W., I, 436, 437, 456;

II, 533 Freeman, Edward, I, 505; III, 1185 Freisburg, 0., I, 391 Fremont Island, I, 121 French Township, II, 688 Frick, Henry C. I, 410 Frontenac, I, 23, 24, 31 Fugere, Henry. III. 1012 Fuller, A. W., I, 455 Fulton, Charles G., I, 461; III, 1212 Funston, John C., I, 99 Furs: First shipment of, from Lake

Superior, I, 9

Gabrielson, J. W., I, 507 Gafvert, Otto, II, 808 Gallagher, Mason, I, 205, 207, 208 Gallagher, Michael, I, 276 Galloway, William L., III, 1008 Gandsey, James, II, 554 • G. A. R., Duluth, J. B. Culver Post, II,

622; drum corps (illustration), 620; posts of St. Louis County, 621, 622

Gardner, William, I, 391 Garrott, H. C., II, 567

xviii INDEX

Gary, I, 313 Gary, E. H., I, 294 Gary, Olin J., II, 520 Gates, Benjamin, I, 74, 112 Gates, Frederick T., I, 402, 403, 404, 405,

406, 407 Gates, Irvin W., I, 305, 306 Gatherer, John, I, 92, 122 Geary, Richard, II, 882 Geggie, James B., I, 395 Geiger, David, I, 200 Geiser, A. H., I, 499 Genin, J. B. M., I, 210 Genoa Mine, I, 455, 467 Geothein, M. J. H., I, 214 Gerry, A. L., I, 427 Gidley, William J., I, 155, 156 Gilbert, E. J., I, 367 Gilbert, Giles, II, 583 Gilbert, Henry C., I, 60 Gilbert, I, 18G, 461 Gilbert Banks, I, 465 Gilbert Commercial Club, I, 467 Gilbert Group of Mines, I, 467, 468 "Gilbert Herald," I, 459, 467 Gilbert High School, I, 463, 465 Gilbert Independent School District No.

18, II, 708 Gilbert School District, I; 461, 462 Gilbert Village, I, 455-470; II, 708 Gilbert Water Plant (illustration), I,

460 Gilfillan, James, II, 614 Gill, John, II, 582 Gill, Thomas, II, 838 Gillmor, F. H., II, 594, 699 Gilman, John M., I, 63 Gleason, M E., I, 385, 386 Glendale, II, 697 Globe Duluth Iron Works, I, 316 Glode, John, III, 1168 Gnall, John, I, 435' Gnesen Township, II, 688 Gnidica, John, I, 391 Godfrey, H., I, 109 Godfrey, Michael H., II, 891 Godfrey, Richard, I, 60 Gogarn, Julius, II, 610 Gogebic Iron Range, I, 415 Gogebic Steam Boiler Works, I, 316 Gold Island, I, 348 Gold rush to Vermilion County, I, 344,

345, 346, 347 Goldthorpe, J. F., I, 443 Gonlais, Catherine (Mrs. Edmund F.

Ely), I, 51 Goodrich, Earl, I, 163 Goodwill, I., I, 379 Goodwillie, Thomas, II, 579 Gooseberry River, I, 131 Gopher Labor Journal, II, 567 Gore, W. F., II, 582 Gordon, Alexander T., II, 868 Gorman, Willis A., II, 612 Gornik, Anton, II, 909 Goss, James W., I, 375 Gould, Henry A., I, 226 Gouse, John, I, 391

Gowan, Andrew, III, 1038 Gowan-Lenning-Brown Company, I, 324 Gowin, F. T., I, 274 Grabowsky, Charles, II, 515; III, 1213 Grace, Edward M., I, 270 Grady, C. P., I, 324 Graff, C. H., I, 378 Graff, E. J., I, 324 Graff, P. . I, 252 Graham, Archibald W., III, 1082 Graham, Byron H., III, 1049 Graham, Charles, I, 491 Graham Iron Company, II, 706 Graham Mine, II, 706 Grand Lake Township, II, 689 Grand Portage, I, 40, 50 Grand Portal, I, 9 Grande, Andrew, II, 801 Grandy, John, II, 832 Grant Avenue., Eyelet!' (illustration), II,

526 Grant, Donald, I, 286, 359, 419; II, 727 Grant-Chase vs. Merritts, I, 401 Grant Mine, I, 477 Grant School, Duluth, I, 337 Graves, Charles H., I, 215, 227, 253, 254,

258, 359 Graves, J. A., I, 391 Gray, George A., III, 1125 Gray-Wertin Company, III, 1184 Great Scott Township, L 477, 478; II,

690, 695 Great Northern Company's dam at

Thomson, I, 300 Great Northern Iron Ore Properties, I,

415; II, 548 _ Great Northern Power Company, I, 299 Great Northern Railroad, I, 250, 251;

II, 547, 594 Great Northern Reserve, I, 477 Great Northern Spinning and Knitting

Mills, I, 317 Great Western Reserve, II, 584 Greely, Douglas, II, 602 Green, Watterman, I, 95, 133, 305 Greening, B. 0., II, 537 Greenwood, George E., I, 382 Greer, Charles Van S., II, 842 Greer Contracting Company, I, 477 Gregory, James B., I, 365 Gregory, Joseph, I, 113, 132 Gribbon, John, I, 391 Griese, Emanuel T., III, 998 "Griffon" (LaSalle's vessel), I, 321 Griggs E. Z., II, 597 Grochau, Edward A., II, 797 Groff, Gilbert B., II, 541 Groseilliers, Medart Chouart, I, 5, 7, 8,

16; sketch of, 18 Groseilliers-Radisson Explorations, I,

5-19 Gross, A. F., I, 361 Gulbrandson, Olaf, II, 707 Gunderson, M., I, 378 Gunn, Thomas W., JI, 626 Gunniss, John T., L 277 Gustafson, A. Bernard, III, 1199 Gustafson, Emil S., II, 930

INDEX xix

Hacker, Frank, I, 131 Hagan, Patrick, I, 427 Halden Township, II, 692 Hale, Benjamin, I, 431, 451 Hale, J. T., I, 286, 397, 398, 431, 432,

445, 451, 264, 298, 467 Haley, Dennis F., II 926 Haley, Joseph, II, 533 Hall, Edward H., I, 305, 445 Hall, Harry A., II, 830 Hall, Mathew 0., I, 273; III, 1066 Hall, Orator K., I, 82, 116 Hall, R. P., II, 623 Hall, Sherman, I, 65 Halliday, P. J., I, 443 Hallock, Charles, II, 922 Halstrom, Otto F., II, 815 Hamilton, J., I, 359 Hamre, Thorwald B., III, 1084 Hand, F. B., II, 602 Hanford, Arthur, II, 908 Hanft, August J. T., III, 989 Hanna, M. A., and Company, I, 415 Hanna Mines, I, 497 ; II, 716 Hanna Ore Mining Company, I, 477,

478, 497; II, 716 Hannaforcl, W. E., II, 602 Hansen, Fred, II, 879 Hansen, Hans C., I, 427; II, 899 _Hansen, 0. E., I, 391 Hanson, Anton, II, 877 Hanson, John E., II, 799 Hanson, P. George, II, 816 Harding, J. Horace, I, 283, 299 Haring, James H., I, 68 Harlo, John, I, 391 'Harney, M. J., III, 1118 Harri, John A., I, 385, 391; II, 890 Harrington, Albert, I, 279 Harris, Ada Van Stone, I, 338 Harris, Fred C., II, 923 Harris, William, I, 362 Harris, N. W., and Company, I, 267 Harrison, G E., II, 547 Harrison, M. B., I, 279, 280, 286, 417,

444, 445, 451 Hart, Eli L., II, 911 Hart, James, III, 1047 Hart, W. N., III, 1016 Hartley, G. G., I, 254, 285 Hartley Mine, I, 497 Hartley-Burt-Palmer Mine, I, 497 Hartley Schools, I, 481 Hartman, Emil, I, 251 Hartness, James C., III, 1176 Harvey, Carl, I, 391 Harvey, George, II, 791 Harvey, H. R., I, 382 Harvey Iron Company, I, 369 Hatch, E. A. C., I, 163; II, 615 Hatch's Battalion, Cavalry, Civil War,

II, 615 Haug, M., I, 257 Haven, R. D., I, 303 Hawkins, E. B., I, 477; II, 526, 706 Hawkinson, Andrew, II, 783 Hawley, Edward J., III, 1175 Hayden, J. P., II, 721 Hayden, Stone & Company, II, 666

Hayes, Daniel B., III, 1195 Hayes, Hiram, I, 40, 45, 80, 83, 107, 123,

126, 197, 198, 205, 305 Hayes, James J.. III, 1098 Hayes, Lester W., II, 857 Hayes' Clearing, I, 140 Hayes' Hall, Virginia, II, 589 Haynes, R. D., I, 217 Hayward, Walter J., I, 220 Head of the Lakes : Census of 1853, I,

87; first sailing vessel built at, 171; in 1854 (Oliphant), 82

Hearding, John H., I, 414, 415, 492; II, 513, 515

Hearding High School, I, 492 Hearding and Johnson Schools, Aurora

(illustration), I, 493 Heath, George B., I, 381 Heberton, E. P., I, 208 Hector (Hale) Mine, I, 451 Hedeen, C. L., I, 443 Hedin, Manne, III, 1033 Hedloff (Mrs.), Andrew,. I, 391 Heed, Carl A. A., III, 1120 Hegardt, W. G., I, 308 Heimbach, William P., II, 930 Hellman, William, I, 476 Helm, Joseph C., II, 821 Helmer, John, I, 418 Helmer Mine, I, 477 Henderson, Jonathan S., I, 428 ; III, 1151 Hendrick, Charles E., II, 840 Hennepin, Louis, his rescue by Duluth

(1680), I, 29, 31 Henricksen, A. L., II, 745 Hendrickson, Helmer, I, 481 Henry, Alexander, I, 42, 43 Herbutt (Herbert) William, I, 88 Hermann, Julius F., I, 281 Hermann Township, II, 693, 725 Herriman, David B., I, 60 Hertges, G. W., I, 378 Heustis, C. P., I, 121 Hibbard, Alice, I, 124 Hibbard, Charles, I, 112 Hibbard, John J., I, 123, 124 305, 346 Hibbing, Frank, I, 395, 398, 496 ; II, 541,

544, 550, 551, 555, 557, 575, 727, 728; III, 1232

Hibbing, I, 180; II, 555, 556, 557, 558, 559 ; war record, 567; churches of,

26 564; as a lumber camp (illustration), 7

Hibbing Carnegie Public Library, 563

Hibbing Commercial Club, II, 566 Hibbing Daily Tribune, II, 567 Hibbing district, big timber days of

(1875-84), II, 538; early explorers in, 541; ore lands in, 540; views in (il- lustration), 568, 572, 573

Hibbing Group of Mines, II, 728 Hibbing Lake Superior Company, I, 405 Hibbing Light and Water Company, II,

555 Hibbing News, II, 566 Hibbing Parks, II, 561 Hibbing Sentinel, II, 566

xx INDEX

Hibbing State Bank, II, 564 Hibbing Village, a lumber camp, II, 550;

first things, persons, events, 556, II, 731

Hickey, John, Sr., I, 391 Higgins, Charles, I, 88 Higgins, F. T., II, 583 Higgins, William, I, 207 Higgins Land Company, II, 582 Higgins Mine, II, 582 Higgins School, Virginia, II, 605 Highland Canal and Power Company,

I, 299 Hill, Clarence M., II, 540 Hill, Dauvet (David), II, 685 Hill, H. M., I, 356 Hill54,9 James J., I, 179, 323; II, 540, 548,

Hill, Nick, I, 428 Hill, William L., I, 432 Hill Township, II, 738 Hilliard, J. W., I, 301 Himebaugh, T. C., I, 277 Hintz, B. W., III, 965 Hippakka, Gabriel, I, 391 Historical Society of Douglas County,

I, 89 Hitchcock, R. W., II, 567 Hjelm, Anton, II, 718 Hobart Iron Company, I, 469 I-lobart Mine, I, 468 Hockinson, Andrew, I, 376 Hodge, Richard, I, 391; III, 1081 Hoel,_Alfred, I, 465, 467; III, 1139 Hoel, Charles B., II, 547; III, 1174 Hoffman, C. R., I, 449 Hogan, James, II, 888 Hogan, Thanas H., I, 131 Hokanson, M., I, 324 Hoke, ICremer J., III, 1237 Holand, Hjalmar Rued, I, 4 Hole-in-the-Day (Indian chief), I, 61 Holiday, E. C., I, 296 Holladay, Fred H., III, 1178 Holland, George N., II, 540, 758 Holland, J. C., I, 451 Hollans, Charles N., III, 1175 Hollenbeck, W. H., II, 707 Holmes, Sidney, I, 106 Holt, J. W., I, 55 Holter, William, I, 376 Holterud, Martin, II, 908 Holtzlander, Scott L., III, 1110 Home Electric and Heating Company,

Eveleth, II, 522 Home State Bank, Duluth, I, 308, 310 Honor list of St. Louis County, World

War, II, 630-58 Hood, Calvin, I, 80 Hooker, W. T., I, 254, 255 Hoopes., T. W., I, 296 Hopkins, W. D., I, 307 Hopperton, Joseph, I, 383 Hosford, Arthur A., I, 432 Hospital Unit, Third Minnesota Infan-

try, World War, II, 627 Hotchkiss, Robert W., II, 864

Houghton, Jacob, I, 321 House, Francis E., III, 1063 Howard, Benjamin F., .I, 305 Howard, John D., I, 125, 237, 305 Howard, John G., I, 305 Howard, Julian, I, 378 Howard, Sandford A., II, 567 Howard Saw Mill, I, 328 Howell, Arthur, II, 581 Howenstein, Bill, I, 65 Howenstein, William C., I, 305 Howerton, Frank A., III, 1207 Hoyne, G., I, 214 Hoyt, Colgate, I, 401, 402 Hubbard, Lucius F., II, 613 Hudson, T. T., I, 280 Hudson Bay, voyage to (1660), I, 15, 16 Hudson Bay Company, I, 39 Hudson Mine, I, 485 Hughes, Alexander, II, 522 Hughes, George B., III, 1210 Hugo, Trevanion W., I, 20, 26, 221, 246,

273, 284, 303; II, 739 Hull, J. J., I, 225, 226 Hull, Martin B., II, 544, 551, 728 Hull and Boeing Lands, II, 540 Hull 40 Mine, II, 515 Hull Reserve Mines, II; 544 Hull-Rust-Mahoning Open Pit, II, 543 Hull-Rust Mine, I, 415; II, 544 Humphrey, A. E., I, 445, 449, 452; II,

511, 514, 575, 579, 581, 584, 585, 586, 714

Hungerford, W. W., I, 199 Hunter, John C., I, 199, 227, 251, 309 Hurley, J. J., I, 459 Huse, George S., _I, 203 Hussey, James G., I, 220 Hutchins, Lyle, I, 113 Hutchinson, William, I, 372 Hutter district, I, 460 Hutter School (illustration), I, 462 Hyer, George, I, 99

Imperial Flour Mill, Duluth, I, 269 Incline Railway, Duluth, I, 285

"I321 ridependence" (first lake steamer), I,

Independent School Districts : No. 18, I, 461, 462, 463, 4651 No. 19, II, 686; No. 21, I, 428, 429, 430; No. 22, Virginia, II, 603-07; Wuori Township, 738; No. 27, Hibbing, 571, 572; No. 35, I, 481, 483, 484; No. 39 (Eveleth), II, 535, 536, 683; No. 40, I, 510; No. 50, II, 701

Indian mission, first school at, I, 134 Indian treaties (1825-54), I, 57 Indian uprising of 1862, I, 161 Indians, I, 3; dog feast on Minnesota

Point, 112; Vermilion, during the war (1862), 343

Indihar, A. W., I, 459, 467 Industrial Township, II, 693 Industries of Duluth (1869), I, 190 Inland Steel Company, II, 545 Insurance Service Agency, III, 1107

INDEX xxi

International Harvester Company, II, 545

Interstate Iron Company, I, 477, 582; II, 545, 546, 585

Iron Chief Mine, I, 477, 478 Iron Exchange Bank, Duluth, I, 308 Iron Junction Village, II, 674, 675 Iron ore (1893-1918), I, 332 Iroquois Mine, II, 716 Irving School, Duluth, I, 337 Island Creek Coal Company, I, 319 Itasca Bazaar Company, III, 960 Itasca County, I, 100, 101, 104 Itasca Mine, I, 477 Ives, Charles L., I, 212

Jackson, Elmer, I, 391 Jackson, Thomas A., I, 236 Jackson, William L., II, 871 Jacobson, John, I, 437 Jacobson, J. C., I, 213 James, Charles C., I, 207 James, Charles R., I, 391 James, Fred B., I, 382, 385, 386; III, 947 James, J. R., II, 593 James, W. T., I, 387 Jaques, Alfred, I, 265 Jefferson, Robert E., I, 95, 97, 112, 113,

114, 132, 133, 160, 274 ; II, 608, 610 Jefferson House, I, 95 ; (illustration),

96, 129, 131, 347 Jefferson School, Duluth, I, 337 Jeffrey, John H., II, 902 Jenks, Martin L., II, 741 Jennings Mine, I, 477, 478 Jenssen, Leif, III, 969 Jesmore, Charles, II, 520, '524, 533; III,

1171 Jesuit map, of upper lakes region (1670-

71), (illustration), I, 6, 7 Johns, H. T., I, 241 Johnson, August, I, 359; III, 936 Johnson, C. H., II, 855 Johnson, Carl R., II, 813 Johnson, Charles, I, 378 Johnson, Charles F., I, 121, 193 Johnson, E. J., I, 391 Johnson, Edward C. A., II, 818 Johnson, Edwin, III, 1115 Johnson, Edwin F., II, 757 Johnson, F. A., Sr., II, 757 Johnson, Frank E., II, 860 Johnson, Frank L., III, 1066 Johnson, Ham, I, 95 Johnson, John P., III, 1041 Johnson, L. E., II, 527 Johnson, Nils, II, 698, 699, 700 Johnson, Nels L., III, 1070 Johnson, Olef M., III, 936 Johnson, Robert, I, 120 Johnson, Russell, I, 465 Johnson, S. G., II, 662 Johnson, S. I., I, 277, 434 Johnson, S. M., I, 475, 484 ; III, 1045 Johnson School, Virginia, II, 605 Jones, A. W., I, 380 Jones, C. C., I, 204 Jones, E. C., I, 387 Jones, George, I, 274

Jones, George C., I, 70 Jones, John T., I, 445, 446, 447, 449, 468;

II, 514, 516, 581, 582, 714 Jones, Kimberly, II, 511 Jones, Samuel Houston, I, 83 Jones, Thomas J., II, 547 Jones and Laughlin Seel Company, I,

415, 451, 477; II, 545, 546, 582 Jordan Mine, I, 497 Junior High School,* Eveleth, II, 536;

Kinney, I, 481 Junsola, Herman, II, 626 Jury, Thomas, I, 386, 391

Kaiser, William J., III, 1223 Kane, Frederick R., III, 1230 Kangas, Charles, II, 722 Kapsch, John, I, 391 Kassler, ,john, I, 437 Kauppi Township, II, 719 Keating, Frank P. H, 872 Keaugh, Ed., I, 3S Keech, Vernon, I, 427 Keen, Freeman, I, 277 Keenan, C. J., II, 676, 694 Keene, Freeman, I, 305; II, 610 Kehoe, John G., I, 446, 449 Keir, William, II, 689 Keller, G., I, 210 Keller, Sam, I, 459 'Kelley-How-Thomson Company, I, 324 Kellow, M., I, 376 Kelly, Clyde W., II, 824 Kelly, James H., I, 61 Kelly, M. H., II, 548 Kelsey, Byron J., II, 785 Kelsey Township, II, 694, 733 Kendall, H. E., I, 237 Kennedy, Charles T., III, 1107 Kennedy, F. E., I, 467 Kennedy, F. R., I, 280 Kennedy, Henry C., I, 437 Kensington Rune Stone, I, 3, 4, 5 Kent, Florence, II, 520 Kent, Frank, I, 369 Kepner, H. D., I, 378 Kerr, A. A., II, 761 Kerst, Scholastica, Reverend Mother,

I, 339 Ketola, John, III, 1201 Keweenaw Peninsula (1660), I, 10 Keystone Chapter, No. 20, R. A. M.,

Duluth, I, 225 Kichli, Henry A., I, 305 Kileen, Thomas, II, 746 Killoren, John, II, 548 Killorin, John F., II, 564; III, 1025 Kimball, Charles, I, 80 Kimball, J.-, I, 212 Kimberly, George W.,I, 227, 254, 264 Kimberly, Peter L., , 445, 447; II, 511,

514, 516, 523, 714 King, C. B., I, 444 King, Herbert S., III, 959 ' King, T. A., I, 359 Kingsbury, W. W., I, 101, 109, 119, 120,

135, 162 Kingsford, W. W., I, 234 Kingston, Arthur G., III, 1168

xxii INDEX

Kinkead, D. C., I, 324 Kinney, 0. D., I, 387, 431, 432, 477; II,

586, 597, 706 Kinney, 0. D., and Company, II, 526 Kinney Mine, I, 477, 480; II, 691 Kinney Schools, I, 481 Kinney Village, I, 479, 480; II, 691, 692 Kirby, F. S. R., I, 507; II, 563 Kitchli, Henry A., I, 274 Kitchi Gammi Club, Duluth, I, 265 Kitzville Village, II, 731, 732 Kiwanis Club, Chisholm, I, 508 Klass, Fred A., II, 893 Klearflax Linen Rug Company, I, 316 Klink, Frank, I, 434 Knapp, C. A., II, 721 Knife Lake, I, 13 Knight, F. D., I, 338 Knott, Proctor, I, 283 Knox Mine, II, 706 Knowlton, Charles, I, 88 Knowlton, W. T., II, 727 Knutson, Arthur O., I, 386 Knutson, Carl A., III, 943 Knutson, Olof, I, 385 Knutti, Sam, I, 461 Koen, A. E., I, 490, 443 Kohrt, Christian F., III, 973 Kohrt Brothers, III, 973 Kolstad, Albert, I, 391 Kolvunen, Oscar, I, 428 Komoko, I, 197 Korb, Otto G., I, 383 Korpi Township, II, 695 Koski, Andrew, I, 428 Koski, Oscar, I, 461 Kotchevar, J. G., I, 391 Kovall, John, I, 391 Kovall, Steve, I, 387, 391; II, 883 Kraker, Michael G., III, 1219 Kraker Mercantile Company, I, 467 Kreis, R. Ray, II, 903 Kristy, G. A., III, 1112 Krogdahl, John R., H, 810 Krueger, H. 0., I, 281 Kruschke, Rudolph C., III, 1111 Kuehnow, A. W., I, 310 Kugler Township, II, 695

LaB eau, Elias, I, 391 LaBelle Mine, I, 457, 469 Labovitz, F., HI, 970 Lac du Stab, I, 52 Laine, Theodore, II, 921 Laing, Hazel, III, 1228 Laing, James I., III, 1209 Lake, Matt, I, 461 Lake Avenue Viaduct; Duluth, I, 295 Lake County, I, 101, 153 Lake Itasca, I, 50 Lake Junction, II, 725 Lake navigation (1679-1920), I, 321,

322 Lake Navigation Company of Minne-

sota, I, 242 Lake Superior and Mississippi River

Railroad: reaches Duluth, I, 234

Lake Superior Coal and Iron Company, I, 318

Lake Superior Consolidated Iron Mines, I, 401, 405, 406, 408,. 409, 412, 422, 435, 447; II, 513, 542, 544, 727

Lake Superior District, I, 415, 416 Lake Superior Iron Company, II, 541 Lake Superior Iron Ranges, I, 415 Lake Superior Mine, II, 728 Lake Superior Mining Institute, II, 671,

727 Lake Superior Traffic, I, 322 Lakeside School, Duluth, I, 337 Lakeside Village, I, 282 Lakewood Township, II, 696 Lake. Vermilion, I, 342, 379 LaMargie, Frederick, I, 305 Lamont, John D., II, 824 Lampi, M. P., I, 391 Lampi, Sam, II, 738 Lamuth, John, I, 391 Land Office, Portland (1859), I, 52 Lane, James, I, 395 . Lang, N. P., I, 481 Lant, John W., I, 423 La Pointe (1847), I, 57 La Pointe du St. Esprit, I,.8 La Pointe, treaty of (1854), I, 59, 73, 85 Lardner, W. P., III, 978 Larkin Mine, II, 585 LaRoche, L., I, 359 Larsen, Axel, I, 391 Larsen, Edward J., H, 803 Larsen, Ludwig A., II, 834 Larson, James, I, 281 Larson, Louis, I, 391 Larson, Nels, I, 132 Laundry, Joe, I, 92 Laura Mine, II, 545 LaVaque, John H., I, 226 Lavell Township, II, 697, 731 Lawrence, William F., III, 1144 Lawson, Alexander, I, 383 Leddell, S. F., I, 257 LeDuc, Antoine, I, 68 LeDuc, A. C., I, 338 LeDuc, John B., I, 68 LeDuc, W. G., I, 68, 93, 177 LeDuc's block house, I, 68 Lee, E. Smith, I, 60 Lee, Harry P., III, 1193 Lee, Richard H., I, 351 Lee Mine, I, 364 Leetonia Mine,' II, 545 Leetonia Mining Company, II, 545 LeFave, John B., I, 88 Lehigh Coal and Dock Company, I, 319 Lehman, Ed., II, 556 Lehman, George E., III, 964 Lehner, A. J. II, 669 Lehtinen, William, I, 428 Leiding Township, II, 697, 698 Leland, G..A., I, 296 Lemont, Harry H., III, 1101 Lemieux, Frank, I, 95 Lemire, D. F., II, 693 Lenning, J. 0., III, 1078

INDEX xxiii

Lenont, Charles B., U, 603 Lenont Hospital, Virginia, II, 603 Leonard, J., I, 350 Leonard Mine, I, 415, 497 Leonidas Mine, II, 515, 716, 717 Leonidas School, I, 430 Leonidas Village, II, 716, 717 Lerch, Fred, I, 404; II, 580, 779 Lerch, George, III, 1051 Lerch Brothers, II, 590 LeRichaux, Alfred, I, 307 Lester, Henry C., II, 612 Lester Park, Duluth (illustration), I,

136 Lester Park School, Duluth, I, 337 Lestic, George, I, 434 Lestic, M., I, 435 Letau, John, I, 252 Letti, T., I, 428 Lewis, D. H., I, 310 Lewis, I. K., III, 1052 Lewis, J. L., II, 564 Lewis, Ray T., I, 303 Liberty School, Duluth, I, 337 Lief, Nick, I, 461 Lincoln Junior High School, Duluth, I,

337 Lincoln Mine, II, 582 Lincoln School, Chisholm, I, 509 Lincoln School, Duluth, I, 337 Lincoln School, Eveleth, II, 536 Lind, G., I, 281 Lind, John I, 428 Lindberg, Oscar G., III, 944 Linden Grove Township, II, 700 Lindsley, Alfred J., II, 919 Linval, William, I, 428 Lippman, Benjamin M., III, 966 Liscomb, C. F., I, 458 Little, Helen M., III, 1107 Little Falls, I, 1 Little Fork Hotel, Cook. II, 720 Little & Company, I, 318 Ljung, John J., II, 675 Lobe. Paul, I, 391 Locher, Edward, I, 391 Lohneis, George H., II, 862 Lommen, George H.. II. 928 Londerer. Joe, I, 68 Lone Jack Mine, I, 405 ; IL 581 Lone Jack Iron Company, II, 581 Lonergan, D. H., III, 962 Long. James H., I. 418 Longfellow School, Duluth, I, 337 Long-year, E. J., I, 487, 496; II, 541, 546,

547, 727 Longyear, John M.. IL 539 Longyear Mine, II. 546 Longyear Reserve Mine, II, 546 Lopp, Anton I, III. 1211 Lord. Charles. I, 83, 92, 93, 226, 305 Lorence. G. W., I, 310 Lovett, Charles E., I, 278, 279, 280, 296,

307 Lounsherry, Fred H., III, 1042 Lounsberry, George H., III. 961 Lowe, R. A., I, 433 Lowell School, Duluth, I, 337 Luce. Orlando, I, 200

Luce, Sidney, I, 122, 130, 133, 134, 135, 151, 158, 160, 163, 167, 200, 219, 227, 229, 240, 343

Luce's Warehouse, I, 135 Lumber interests of St. Louis County,

I, 180 Lumber trades pass from Duluth, I, 328 Lumbermen's and Miners' Bank, Hib-

bing, II, 557, 563 Lunche, J. T., III, 1203 Lundall, Samuel W., III, 1001 Lundmark, John E., II, 867 Luthey, L. F., II, 721 Luthey, L. T., 1I,• 721 Lyceum Theater, Duluth, I, 284 Lyder, J. W., Jr., I, 298, 308, 309 Lyman, George N., I, 279 Lynch, E., I, 359 Lynch, P., I, 359 Lynde, J. W., I, 60 Lyon, George H., I, 279 Lyons, Asa T., Sr., III, 1123

Macaulay, Allan R., III, 9S4 Maclnnis, A. E., I, 467 MacKenzie, C. M., I, 450 MacKillican, James A., III, 993 Mackinaw Company, I, 43 Madison School, Duluth, I, 337 Magee, L. 0., II, 531; death of, 533 Magie, Frank L., III, 1011 Magie, William H., I, 441; II, 884 Magney, C. B., I, 303 Magney, C. R., III, 1045 Magnusson, Bror, I, 391; III, 1021 Magnusson, B. M., I, 507 Mahon, Stanley A., III, 1166 Mahoney, Ira J., I, 281 Mahoning Mine. I. 415 ; II, 543, 544,

728 Mahoning Ore Company, II, 543. 727, 729 Mahoning Ore and Steel Company, I,

415 Mahoning Village, II, 732 Mail Delivery in Duluth. I, 264 Mail facilities of the north shore in

1855, I, 109 Mail Service between Duluth and Fond

du Lac (1855-70), I. 160 Maitland, Alexander. 1, 477; II, 545 Maki, Gus A., I. 387, 391 Maki, John K., II, 912 • Mailman, John, I, 353, 362, 374. 395, 398;

II, 705, 727 Malta Mine, I, 468 Maney, E. J., II, 548 Maney. James, I, 8 Mann, Henry A., III, 1131 Mannheim, Joseph A., I, 296 Marble, Ralph N., II, 544, 886 Margaret Mine, I, 478 Marine Commerce: Duluth as-a Port, I,

323 Marine National Bank. Duluth, I, 308 Marinette Iron Works, I, 280 Mariska Mine, I, 469

xxiv INDEX

Markel], Clinton,. I, 113, 132, 201, 224, 227, 240, 254

Markland, A. J., I, 84 Markland, James A., I, 56 Markland, T. A., I, 120 Markovich, Jacob, I, 391 Marovetz, Joseph, I, 391 Marovetz, Matt, I, 391 Marquette Iron Mines (1853), I, 70 Marquette Iron Range, I, 415 Mars, William P., I, 324; III, 1034 Marsell, L. A., I, 378 Marsh, F. J., I, 257 Marshal, William R., I, 64, 101, 360;

II, 614 Marshall, Albert M., I, 301, 324 ; II, 748 Marshall, C., I, 113, 257 Marshall, Earl H., III, 989 Marshall, H. C., I, 324 Marshall, S., I, 324 Marshall-Wells Company, I, 317, 323 ;

II, 748 Martin, Alfred, II, 546 Martin, Charles, I, 119 Martin, C. E., I, 104, 113 Martin, Doras, I, 146; II, 609 Martin, E. C., I, 130, 133 Martin, E. P., I, 240, 252: 265 Martin, George W., III, 1182 Martin, John M., I, 277 Martin, Matt, I, 391 Martin, P. H., II, 925 Martin township, I, 145 Martz, C. H., I, 288 Marvin, Dick, I, 187 Marvin, L., I, 111 Marvin, Luke, I, 144 Marvin, Luke A., I, 156, 157, 159, 167,

175, 200, 205, 208, 238 Marvin, Richard, I, 199 Masonry born in Duluth I, 153 ; Duluth

pioneer bodies, 221 Masters, William A., I, 505 ; III, 1145 Masterson, M. A., I, 459 Mathison, William, I, 359 Matteson, James S., II, 805 Matthews, C. H., I, 458 Mattish, Nick, I, 391 Maville and Baraboo Iron Ranges, I,

415 Maxwell, Robert, 4, 428 Mayas Mine, II, 706 Mayher, John, I, 113 Mayhew, H., I, 347 McAdams, Albert, I, 113 McAdams, John, I, 132 McAlpin, Alfred J., III, 995 McAndress, M., I, 359 McCahill, James, II, 539 McCann, Charles R. III, 1169 McCarron, P., I, 359 MCCarthy, P. J., II, 665 McCaskill, John, I, 397, 444; II, 714 McCaskill Mining Company, I, 467 McClean, I, 109 McClearn, Hugh J., II, 878 McClellan, J. F., Jr., I, 433 McComb, Archie, II, 519

McComb, Charles F., III, 1222 McComber, W. C., I, 365 McComber Mine, I, 365 McCormack, William H., II, 563 McCormick, Frank, II, 521 McCracken, H. W., I, 132 McCreary, Frank, II, 547 McCullough, H. H., I, 60, 341 McCurdy, Alexander, I, 386, 389 McCurdy, William A., I, 365; II, 847 McDavitt Township, II, 700, 701 McDonald, Allen J., I, 383 McDonald, Daniel, I, 378 McDonald, James P., II, 848 McDonald, Tommy, I, 95 McDonald, M. W., I, 476 McDonnell, D. J., II, 696 McDougall, Alexander, I, 289, 290, 291,

292, 401, 402 McDougall, Archie, III, 1020 McDougall-Duluth Company, I, 317 McDowell, John, III, 1074 McEwen, William E., I, 38, 41 McFay, M. L., II, 706 McGarry, P. H., II, 591 McGarry, William R., II, 602 McGarry Hotel, Virginia, II, 591 McGiffert, John R., II, 756 McGilvery, John C., III, 1163 McGinnis, Alex., I, 359 McGivern, James C., I, 443 ; II, 881 McGolrick, James, III, 1221 McGonagle, William A., I, 289 ; II, 742 McGovern, Lawrence J., III, 1184 McGrath, J. E., I, 484 McGrath, Peter, I, 481 McGrath, William, II, 567 McGregor, D. C., I. 428 McGruer, Robert, II, 593 McHale, James T., I, 448 McHardy, Peter, III, 1029 McIllhargey, Charles E. S., III, 1141 McInnis, A. E., I, 459 McInnis, John H., II, 582, 787 McInnis, Neil, I, 375, 391. 454. 468, 469;

II, 513, 514, 515, 517, 518, 579. 586, 603 McInnis Hotel, Eveleth, II, 520 McInnis Mining Company, II, 513. 515 McIntire, Alex., I, 92, 122 McIntyre, Edward H.. III, 1204 McKay, John, II, 686 McKelvey, James M., I, 217 McKenny, Thomas L.. I, 47 McKenzie, Dan, I, 461 McKercher, Arthur B., I, 87 McKercher, R D, III, 942 McKinley, Duncan, I, 359, 452 McKinley, John, I, 433, 444, 449, 452 McKinley, William, I, 209, 434, 452 McKinley Brothers, L 433 McKinley Memorial, Tower, I. 379 McKinley Iron Company, I, 452 McKinley Mine, I, 452, 453 McKinley Townsite Company, I, 434 McKinley Village, I, 433, 434, 435 McKinney, P., II, 679 McKinney Steel Company, I, 486; II,

547, 580

INDEX xxv

McLaren, Archie, I, 274 McLaren, J. F., Jr., I, 223 McLaren, William, I, 274 McLean, I, 91, 95 McLean, Archie, I, 270 McLean, J. H., I, 415 McLean, Robert B., I, 85, 113, 305, 341,

345 McLennan, Archibald J., II, 927 McLennan, William, I, 23 McLennan, W. L., I, 249 McMahan, Grant, I, 385, 386, 391 McMahon, Hugh, II, 511 McMahon, J. L., I, 428 McMartin, Alex., I, 316 McMaster, Sandy, I, 361 McMillan, S. J. R.. I, 145, 217, 219 McNamara, Charles, I, 376, 378 McNamara, Leonard, II, 836 McNeil, E. D., I, 486; II, 547, 580 McNeil, M. P., 119 McNiven, James H., III, 1004 McQuade, Samuel C., I, 120, 162, 305 McRae, A. D., II, 563 McReeve, C., II, 622 McWhinney, John, I, 478 Mead, King S., I, 92 Meade, George B.. I, 154 Meadow Mine, I, 485 Meadow School, I, 492 Meadowlands Township, II, 694, 701 Meagher, Peter E., III, 1129 Mears, John, I, 276 Medalie, Barney J., III, 1013 Meehan. P. E., II, 697 Meining, H. C., III, 972 'Meisner, J. P., II, 765 Meldahl, Martin M., II, 809 Mendenhall, Luther. I, 249, 251, 252, 285 Menominee Iron Range, I, 415 Merchants National Bank, I. 261 Merchants and Miners Bank, Tower, I,

379 Mercer, John, I, 226 Merchants National Bank, Duluth, 1.309 Merchants and Miners State Bank, Hib-

bing, II, 564 Merdink, Henry J.. I. 387; III. 957 Meridan Iron Company, I, 497. 498:

II. 570 Merritt, Alfred, I, 45. 56. 62, 111, 120,

126, 133 : review of period following 1857 panic, 140; 282, 286. 288. 305, 346. 395, 396, 397, 405, 417, 418, 445; II, 714, 715; III, 1086

Merritt. Andrew R.. I. 138. 395. 445; II, 584

Merritt, Bert U.. I, 428 Merritt. Cassius C., I. 286, 305, 395, 396,

417, 418; death of, 419: 445, 451 Merritt. Eugene T.. I. 396 Merritt, John E., I. 396, 445; II, 577 Merritt. John H., I, 419 Merritt. Leonidas. I, 123, 206, 277, 305.

395. 397. 398, 401, 403, 404, 405, 406; 540. 577

Merritt, Lewis H., I, 95. 97. 126. 132, 143, 346, 395

Merritt, Lewis J.. I, 305, 395

Merritt, Lucien, I, 395 Merritt, Napoleon B., I, 395 Merritt, Roscoe, I, 424 Merritt, Thomas A., I, 396, 447 Merritt, Wilbur J., I, 396, 423, 445, 447 Merritt Brothers: Holdings in Lake

Superior Consolidated Iron Mines, I, 405, 408, 444; II, 727

Merritt Family, I, 126 Merritt Village, I, 423, 431, 432 Merritts vs. Rockefeller, I, 407 Mesaba Boiler Works, I, 316 Mesaba Lumber Company, I, 433, 434 "Mesaba Miner," I, 508 Mesaba Park, Hibbing, II, 561 Mesaba Schools, I, 491 Mesaba Station, I, 422, 492 Mesaba Township, II, 702 Mesaba Transportation Company, III,

1122 Mesaba Village Township Organization,

II, 704 Mesabi Cliffs Iron Mining Company,

II, 549 Mesabi Iron Company, I, 361, 394, 415;

II. 665, 666; iron range, history of, I, 392, 416; interest in (1883-8), 395; dis-covery of ore, 397; Merritt railroad interests in. 400; Merritts dethroned as kings of, 408; leaders and great miners, 415; first ore shipped from, 419; first trainload of iron ore shipped from, 421; first steam shovel, 446; steam shovel operations, 449; treat-ing the low-grade ore of, II, 664; Adams' story of pioneer explorations of (1883-89), 702; railroads extended into (1892-93), 727

Mesabi Land and Improvement Com-pany, I, 485

Mesabi ore condemned, I, 354, 394 Mesabi Ore and Hibbing Daily News,

566 "Mesabi Range," I, 432 Mesabi Station, II, 552 Mesabi Transportation Company, II, 567 Messer, M. 0.. I. 226 Messner. Jacob B.. II, 913 Meyer, John E.. III, 1114 Meyers. George W., I, 499 Michaels, Peter E., II, 678 Michaud. Arthur A., III, 1238 Micka. Edward J., II. 882 Midway, Nos. 1 and 2. I, 478 Midway Township, II, 706 Mielke. Frank M.. II, 804 Mihelcic, Frank. III. 1208 Milford, I, 94. 113, 135 Military Road, I, 106, 107. 129, 154, 157 Mille Lacs. T. 10. 27 Miller, A. J., I, 257 Miller, Andreas M., I, 249, 250, 251 Miller. C. W., II, 602 Miller, Robert P., II. 610 Miller. Stephen, II, 613 Miller. Thomas E., III. 941 Miller Mine. I. 485; II. 737

xxvi INDEX

Milligan, George E., II, 581, 586 Milligan, G. W., II, 586 Mills, E. R., I, 254 Mills, F. S., II, .773 Mims, Florence A., I, 490 Miners National Bank of Eveleth, II,

526 Miners State Bank of Chisholm, I, 507 Mining Fever in Northern Minnesota

(1849), I, 59 Mining News, Eveleth, II, 531 Mining operations (early), I, 162 Minnesota Canal, I, 298 Minnesota Iron Company, I, 365, 369,

373, 412, 446, 449, 468, 469, 477; II, 513, 515, 582, 583

Minnesota Loan and Trust Company, I, 452

Minnesota Match Company, I, 317 Minnesota Mines (1884-94), I, 363 Minnesota National Bank, Duluth, I, 308 Minnesota Point: Settlers of 1853, I, 87 Minnesota Point Ship Canal Company,

I, 194 Minnesota Steel Company (Duluth

plant), I, 181, 310, 313, 314, 315, 317 Minnesota Steel Corporation, I, 278 Minnesota Utilities Company, Eveleth,

II, 522 Minnewas Mine, II, 584 Minor, Lewis H., III, 1026 Minorca Mine, II, 584 Missabe Mountain Iron Company, I, 476; II, 577 Missabe Mountain Mine, I, 414; II, 575,

576, 577, 578, 579 Missabe Mountain Township flail, II,

525, 709 Missabe Mountain Township, II, 708 Missabe and Northern Railway Com-

pany : Plant at Proctorknott, I, 282 "Missawba Heights," I, 180, 182 Mississippi Land Company, II, 545 Mitchell, D. A., I, 430 Mitchell, Leo C., III, 999 Mitchell, Oscar, I, 301 Mitchell, PentecOst, I, 415; II, 563 Mitchell. Peter, I, 349, 350, 352, 393 ;

II, 542 Mitchell, Robert C., I, 198, 220, 228, 230,

239, 251 Mitchell, William, I, 387; III, 969 Mohawk Mine, I, 485; II, 737 Mohawk School, Aurora, I, 494 Molitor, J. D., II, 769 Monger, John A., L 313 Monica Mine, I, 453 Monroe Location (illustration), I, 510 Monroe Mine, I, 497 Monroe School, Chisholm, I, 509 Monroe School, Duluth, I, 337 Montague, William, II, 584 Montezuma, I, 92, 112, 120, 122 Montgomery, Hugh, I, 113 Moonan, James, II, 909 Moore, Clarence E., I, 457, 469, 490;

III, 1143 Moore, Horace B., I, 263 Moore, I. S., I, 308, 309

Moore, R. J., I, 305 Moore, S. S., I, 123 Moorhead, W. G., I, 219 Moose Mine, II, 584 Moose Township, II, 722 Moran, Joseph, II, 550, 731 Morcom, Elisha, I, 361, 363, 365, 372,

373, 398, 452; III, 980 Morcom, Elisha, Jr., I, 362, 365, 371 Morcom, Harold, I, 391 Morcom Township, II, 710 More, Charles W., I, 386, 391 More Hospital, -Eveleth (illustration),

II, 520 Morgan, B. S., I, 359 Morgan, John, I, 67, 69, Morgan, J. Pierpont, I, 405, 410, 412 Morgan Park, I, 312, 313 Morgan Park School, Duluth, I, 337 Morning Call, Duluth, I, 228, 232 Morong, Wells F., II, 889 Morris Mines, I, 415 ; II, 546 Morrisey, J., I, 479 Morrison, D. George, I, 56, 83, 131, 305 Morrison, John L., I, 276, 288, 297 Morrison, William, I, 47, 49 Morrissey, Edward J., III, 993 Morrow, John P., I, 499 Morse Township, II, 711 Morterud, Peter L., II, 760 Mott, Fred R., III, 1205 Mound Builders, I, 1, 2 Mount Oneota, I, 94 Mountain Iron, I, 180, 397 ; mining com-

panies of. 400; 417, 419; Carnegie Public Library, 427 ; II, 666, 716; churches of, 427

Mountain Iron Commercial Club, I, 427 Mountain Iron Company, I, 398, 445 Mountain Iron First State Bank, I, 427 Mountain Iron Mine, I, 415, 418, 421 ;

II, 713, 714 Mountain Iron Park. I, 426 Mountain Iron Public Library, III, 1154 Mountain Iron Reporter, I, 428 Mountain Iron School District, II, 718 Mountain Iron Schools, I, 428, 429 Mourine, Peter, I, 391 Moykkynen, M. A., I, 459 Mudge, William J., III, 962 Mueller, Johann, I, 476 Muench, John F., I, 427, 430, 509 Muhvich, Matt. I, 391 Muldough, E. W., I, 60 Munger, II, 726 Munger, C. H., II, 543 Munger, Roger S., I, 145, 175, 190, 200,

212, 226, 227, 236, 254, 267, 269, 271, 278; II, 580

Munger School, Duluth, I, 337 Municipal Athletic Park, New Hibbing,

II, 570 Munroe, William, II, 541 ; III, 1022 Munson, Samuel A., I, 394 "Murderous Three Hundred" (railroad

gang), I. 189 Murphy, Charles W.. I, 428 ; III, 1152 Murphy, John, II, 556 Murphy, John P., III, 1143

INDEX xxvii

Murphy, J. D., I, 378 Murphy, J. H., I, 383 Murphy, J. Waldo, II, 567 Murphy, M. J., I, 385, 387, 389 Murphy, Simon J., II, 511 Murphy, Thomas J., III, 1049 Murphy, William L., III, 1060 Murphy, Dorr and Flynn, II, 515 Murray, G. Welwood, I, 404 Murray, Robert, II, 545, 547 ; III, 1016 Murray, William, III, 1108 Mutual Iron Mining Company, I, 365 Myers, F. B., I, 442 Myers, H. H., I, 257 Myers, H. M., I, 296 Myers School, Chisholm. I, 509 Myrick, Nathan, I, 163

Nankervis, James, I, 391 Nash, Edgar, I, 183, 200, 237 National Bank of Commerce, Duluth,

I, 281, 308 National Iron Works, I, 316 Nassau Mine, II, 546 Nassau Ore Company, II, 546 Naughton, Coleman F., II, 772 Neilon, William, III, 1179 Nelson, Anton, II, 835 Nelson, A. D., II, 613 Nelson, Edward H., III, 1030 Nelson, Edward N., II, 858 Nelson, John, II, 720 Nelson, Martin, II, 695 Nelson, P. H., II, 548 Nelson, Rensselaer R., I. 69 Nelson, R. R., I, 73, 85, 87 Nelson, T. W., II, 541, 728 Nelson Knitting Mills Company, I, 317 Nelson (C. N.) Lumber Company, II,

540, 579 Nelson Mine, II, 515 Nettleton, George E., I, 65, 72, 73, 74,

97, 99, 114, 116, 117, 125, 132, 194 Nettleton, Mrs. George E., her reminis-

cences, I. 73, 76, 113 Nettleton, William, I, 72, 73, 74, 87, 95,

97, 114, 129, 132. 133, 169, 200, 240 Nettleton School, Duluth, I, 337 New Duluth (1913), I, 313 New Duluth Bank, I, 308 New Duluth National Bank. I, 281 New Duluth Pioneer, I, 281 New Duluth Village. I, 278, 281, 282 New England Iron Company, H, 579 New Independence Township, II, 712 New London, I, 282 New York State Steel Company, I, 453 Newberry, C. L., I, 463 Newcomb, Lewis C., II, 564 Newcombe, Charles F., I, 199 Newcombe, C. B., I, 192, 226 Newton, George, I, 84 Newton, William H., I, 84, 100 Newton County, I, 101 Neville Reserve, I, 478 Nichols, J. A., I, 417, 418, 421, 447; II,

714 Nichols, M. A., I, 481 Nichols, M. C., I, 471

Nichols Township, II, 713 Nicholson, H. L., I, 490 Nicolet, I, 5 Nicolet House, I, 306 Niemi, Alex, II, 738 Nile Reserve Mine, I, 497 Nilssen, Hans N., I, 324 Nindipens (Indian chief), I, 54 Ninth Minnesota Infantry, Civil War,

II, 614 Nissen, Niels, III, 940 Nixon, Frank J., III, 1069 Noonan, Lillian, 336 Nordstrom, A. S., III, 938 Norman, Olaf, I, 349 Norman Mine, II, 582 Normanna Township, II, 718 North Shore: Progress on, in 1856, I,

110; first frame schoolhouse on, 133; first agricultural society on (Oneota, 1859), 142; first pork killed on, 143; first birth on, 148

North Shore Advocate, I, 125, 228 North Shore Mining Company, I, 162 North Star Construction Company, I,

251 North Star Rural School. I, 481, 483 Northern Coal and Dock Company, I,

319 Northern Drug Company, II, 826 Northern National Bank, Duluth, I, 308,

309 Northern Pacific Junction, I, 198 Northern Pacific Railroad, I, 183, 185;

work on stopped by Jay Cooke failure, 196, 243, 250; its beginning, 197, 199

Northey, William C., I, 499, 504; III, 1018

Northland Farmer, II, 720 Northland Township, II. 718 Northrop, George, I, 189 Northrup, Anson, I, 351 Northside School; Virginia, II, 605 Northwest Fur Company, I, 41, 321 Northwestern Fuel Company, I, 318. 319 Northwestern Textile Company, I, 317 Northwestern Telephone Company, I,

257 Norton, T. W.. I. 257. 280 Norwood, J. G., I, 392

Oaks, Charles H.. I, 55 Ober, B. H., II, 866 O'Conner, John, I, 391 O'Haire, George T.. III. 1119 O'Hara, Tulia. III. 1191 O'Hara, William, III. 1190 O'Hearn. A. W., II, 564 Ohio Central Coal Company, I, 318 Ohio Mine, II. 580, 581 Ohio Mining Company, II, 580 Ohman, Olaf, I, 3 Oiihwav Indians. I. 3 ()'Keefe. Michael, I. 375 Olcott, W. T., I, 407, 414, 415; II. 514,

542. 589, 728 Old Settlers' Association of the Head

of Lake Superior. T. 194. 305, 306 Old Settlers' Lodge, Duluth. I. 307

xxviii INDEX

Olds, James A., I, 225, 226 Oliphant, Laurence, I, 82 Oliver, Henry W., I, 408, 410; place in

Minnesota history, 414, 415; II, 575, 576, 577, 578

Oliver, I, 313 Oliver Club, Hibbing, II, 563 Oliver-Frick-Carnegie Combination, I,

408, 412, 414 Oliver Iron Mining Company, I, 364,

369, 408, 412, 414, 415, 422, 450, 456, 458, 468, 477, 478, 485, 486, 496, 497; II, 515, 543, 544, 545, 546, 547, 577, 579, 581, 582, 584, 589, 681, 682

Oliver Hotel, Hibbing, II, 558 Oliver Mines, I, 497; II, 575 Oliver Reserve, I, 469, 478, 486 Olmstead, T. A., I, 226, 269 Olson, A. C., I, 437 Olson, Ed., I, 434 Olson, Emil H., III, 1126 Olson, Herman T., I, 378, 381; III, 984 Olson, John, III, 1040 Olson, Swan D., I, 471 Olson Hotel, Buhl, I, 471 Oman, C. L., I, 427 Oneida Iron Company, I, 459 O'Neil, Ralph S., III, 1071 O'Neil Park, Chisholm, I, 504 O'Neill, James. I, 391 O'Neill, R. S. C., I, 336 Oneota, I, 92, 94, 97; platted as a village

(1856), 111, 116, 125, 132, 135, 145; joins city, 274, 277; pioneer school, 335

Oneota Cemetery, I, 326 Oneota Lumber Company, I, 111,144 Oneota Sawmill, I, 144 Oneota School, Duluth, I, 337 Oneota Temperance Society, I, 126 Oneota Township, I, 14L5 Oneota Townsite Company, I, 111 Onondaga Mine, II, 585 Ontanagon, I, 59, 66 Open Air School, Eveleth, II, 536 Open Pit Mines (illustrations), I, 474;

II, 730 Oppel, Clifford H., II, 918 Oppel, C. C., I, 378, 380 Oppel, C. H., I, 376, 378 Orcutt,, G., I, 427 Oreckovsky, Charles D., II, 808 Ord, William, I, 133 Ordean, A. L., I, 308 Ordean Mine, II, 738 Ormond, Oliver 0., III, 1055 Orpheum Theater, Duluth, I. 237 Orr, II, 697, 699 Orr, F. D., III, 956 Ortman, C. L., I, 496 Osage, John, I, 305 Osborne, James W., III, 1199 Osterberg, Carl H., II, 792 Ostman, Rudolph, II, 551 Oswald, Herman, I, 225, 226 Ottoman, Frederic, I, 121 Owens, John, I, 370, 373, 374, 375, 377,

391; II, 575, 586, 588, 593, 594, 719

Owens Township, II, 684, 719

Padden, M. H., I, 283 Paine, F. W., I, 257 Paine Webber Company, III, 979 Paine and Lardner Bank, I, 261 Palestine Lodge, No. 79, A. F. & A. M.,

I, 221 Palmer, B. A., II, 875 Palmer, C. Alton, II, 896 Palmer, Leander, I, 131 Palmer, M. C., II, 593 Palmer, R. H., I, 274, 286, 398, 445;

II, 584 Palmer, Vose, I, 87, 92, 104, 107, 112,

121, 162, 169, 171, 305, 345 Palmier, John, I, 389 Palo, E. G., I, 324 Panic of 1873, I, 233, 242, 243 Pardee, John S., I, 43, 396, 413; II, 540 Park Bank, Duluth, I, 308 Park Hill Cemetery, I, 326 Park Point School, Duluth, I, 337 Park Point Village, I, 274, 282 Park State Bank, Duluth, I, 310 Parker, Asa Addis, I, 80 Parker, Edward F., I, 220 Parker, 0. W., I, 385 Parkville School, I, 430. Parmelee, E. D., I, 477 Parry, John, I, 92, 162 Parsons, Andrew, I, 359 Parsons, C. S., I, 324 Pasich, John, I, 484 Pasternacki, John G., III, 1132 Patrick, F. A., I, 324 Patrick (F. A.) and Company, I, 317,

324 Patrick House, I. 324 Patron, Jacques, I, 22 Patrucco, Ernest, III, 986 Patten, Robert, I, 85 Patterson, J. F., I, 264 Patterson, J. R., III, 979 Patterson, 0. K., I, 212 Pattinson, C. Ray, III. 955 Pattison, B. M., I. 369 Pattison, Martin, I, 365, 367, 369, 391 Pattison, M. E., I, 365 Pattison, William. I. 365, 369 Patton, William B., I, 107, 238 Paul, Alexander, I. .56, 131 Payne, H. B., I, 16 Payne, Seth W., I, 232 Peacha, A. H., III, 1191 Peacock, D. C.. II, 548 Pealer, William 0.. III, 982 Pearce, J. H., I, 496; II, 584 Pearce Mine, I, 497 Pearson, Carl, III, 958 Pearson, H. W., I. 254, 265 Pearson, J. B., I. 378, 381 Pearson, Olof, III, 958 Pearson, William, III, 1197 Peck, W. G., I, 264 Peet. James, I, 56. 94, 109, 116, 122, 126,

132, 137, 141, 153, 208 Peet, Mrs. James : her diary, I, 107 Pellenz, William F., Jr., II, 515

INDEX xxix

Pellew, Thomas, II, 582 Pelican Lake, II, 698 Pelican Township, II, 698 Pelto, Charles, I, 391 Pengilly, John, I, 365, 367, 369, 383, 385 Penobscot Mine, II, 544 Peoples Bank, Duluth, I, 308 Peoples State Bank, Gary, I, 310 Peoples State Bank, Eveleth, II, 527 Perault, Z., II, 696 Perfect, Frank, I, 84, 88 Periault, J., I, 359 Perkins Mine, I, 486 ; II, 737 Perkins Mining Company, I, 486 Perry, George W., I. 100 Person, Abel E., II, 822 Persons, Charles A., II, 819 Persons, J. K., II, 580 Peterson, Charles, III, 1028 Peterson, G. F., II, 721 Peterson, John, I, 359: III, 1102 Peterson, Joseph, II, 912 Peterson, Matt, I, 461 Peterson, Peter, I, 349 ; III, 1212 Peterson, S. G., II, 845 Peterson, T. H., II, 531 Petre, R. W., I, 237 Pettigrew, Thomas, I, 301 Pettit, C. M., I, 452 Pettit Mine, I, 468 Pettys, C. G., I, 88 Peyton, B. M., I, 308 Peyton, Hamilton M.. I, 309 ; III. 1228 Phelps, William F., I, 254 Philbin, D. M., I, 288, 496 Phillips, Leslie W., II, 906 Phillips, Orange, I, 131 Phillips, P. G., II, 750 Phinney, F. A., II, 827 Phoenix Mining ompany, I, 365 Pickand-Mather and Company, I, 415,

452, 469; II, 545, 546. 706 Pictured Rocks, I, 9 Pierce, James S., I, 274 Pike, Zebulon, I, 43 Pike Township, II, 722 Pilgrim Congregational Church, Duluth;

I, 211 Pilki, John, I, 460 Pillsbury, J. S., II, 546 Pillsbury Mine, II. 546 Pilot Mine, II, 716 Pine. Tree Lumber Company, IL 727 Pioneer amusements of Duluth, I, 237 Pioneer banks and bankers of Duluth,

I, 185 Pioneer Coal Company, I. 318 Pioneer Hotel, at the, head of the lakes,

I, 81, 385 Pioneer Mine, I, 365, 381 Pioneer Schools of Duluth, I, 216 Pioneer Vermilion Iron Mining Com-

pany, I. 365, 367 Pitt Iron Mining Company, I. 457, 469,

485 Pittsburg Land Company, I, 469 Pittsburg Steamship Company. I. 411 Pittsburgh Coal Company, 1, 319

Plummer and Ash, II, 594 Poirier, Camille, I, 183; 184, 190, 201;

II, 806 Poirier, Eugene J., I, 382, 383 Poirier, Otto A., I, 487; II, 807 Pokegama attacked by Sioux, I, 55 Polkinghorne, Samuel Ely, I, 382 Pontiac Mine, I, 497 Poole, J. C., I, 391 ; II, 515 Port Byron, attempts to secure county

seat, I, 105 Portage Township, II, 722 Porter, H. H., I, 362 Porter, Peter B., I, 340 Porthan, John E,, III, 952 Portland. I, 92, 94, 104, 113, 125,. 129,

130, 132, 135 ; land office removed to, 152; postoffice becomes Duluth, 159; vacated (1869), 201

Posey, N. A., I, 345 Post, Charles A., I, 121 Post. John I.. I, 95, 113, 132, 201 Power, Mrs. D. M., III, 960 Power, Victor L., IL 560. 561, 573 ;

III, 970 . Prairie du Chien, treaty of (1825), I, 57 Prairie Lake, II, 685. Prairie Lake Township, II, 684, 723 Pratt, W. M., I, 507 Press : First newspaper subscription list,

I, 143 ' • pioneer newspapers of Duluth, 228, 233 ; first newspapers north of Duluth, 381; The Ely Miner, 387; first newspaper Mesabi Iron Range. 432 ; "Gilbert Herald," 467; Aurora News, 490; Chisholm newspapers, 508 ; Eve-leth newspapers, Ij, 531; Hibbing newspapers, 566; Virginia newspapers, 602; Cook newspapers, 721

Pressnell, Thomas H.. I, 50, 187; biog-raphy of, 204, 229, 238, 246 ; II, 580

Prentice. Frederick D., I, 63 Prentiss claim, I, 61 Primary School, Virginia, II, 605 Prince, Franklin, I, 372 Prince, William I., I. 308 ; III. 1077 Prince, William T., I. 303 Prindle, E. M., II, 526 Prindle, William M.. III, 987 Prindle, W. H., II. 526 Prindle Reserve, II. 716 . Prishern, John, I, 391 Proctor State Bank, Duluth, I, 308 Proctorknott, I, 282 Prout. B. C., I, 391 Prudden, Clyde E., death of, II, 652 Pryor, William G., II, 906 Pryor„ W. J., I. 379 • Public Parks of Duluth. I. 271 Pust, Isaac, II, 681

Quartz workers. I. 1 Ouimby, Roy, I, 379 Quinn, Clement K., II, 778

Radermacher, H. A.. I, 460, 467

xxx

INDEX

Radisson, Pierre Esprit, I, 5, 7, 8, 16; biography of, 18

Railroads : First survey from Lake Su-perior to the Mississippi River (1855), I, 107 ; Lake Superior and_ Mississippi River (St. Paul and Duluth) Railroad completed (1870), 156; terminal con-test between Superior and Duluth, 158; early history, 164; Duluth be-comes terminus of Lake Superior and Mississippi River Railroad, 167; Northern Pacific commenced, 197; first passenger train into Duluth (1870), 234; Cooke failure of 1873 stops work on Northern Pacific, 243 ; Duluth and Winnipeg- Railroad, 250, 251; proposed lines along the dyke, 253; building of Duluth and Iron Range Railroad, 258; Duluth Lines in 1886, 261, 263 ; Union Depot, Duluth, 271; plant of Duluth, Missabe and Northern Railway, 282 ; Duluth, Missabe and Northern Railway Com-pany, 285; D. & I. R. railroad grant, 359 ; Duluth and Iron Range Railroad reaches mines, 362; extensions to Mesabi Iron Range, 399; Duluth, Missabe and Northern Railroad Com-pany financed by John D. Rockefeller, 404; D. M. & N. reaches Mountain Iron and Virginia, II, 588 ; extensions into Mesabi Range (1892), 715; ex-tended into Mesabi Iron Range (1892-93), 727

Rakowsky, John G., I, 118, 119. 236, 305, 341, 344, 345 ; II, 610

Ralf, Richard, II, 706 Ramsey, Alexander, I, 67, 68, 93, 361,

394; II, 610 - Randall, John, I, 476 Randall, Joseph, III, 988 Range Motor Service Company, III,

1131 Rankin. Hiram S., II, 548; III, 1196 Rattle, W. J., I, 367 Raustad, Lee, I, 484 • Ray, James D., I, 113, 132, 169, 194, 196,

200, 220, 222, 223, 227, 236, 305 Ray, Philip L., II, 793 Ray, Robert C., I, 264 Ray, Reserve, I, 486 Rayburn, J. S., I, 451 Raymond, B. W., I, 111 Raymond, E. N., I, 377; II, 589 Raymond. George, II, 603 Rea, H. R., II, 577. Real Estate Association, I, 296 Real estate developments (1886-90)„

293 Reamer, Leonard, II, 672 Red Cross floral tributes (illustration),

II, 650 Redeem, L. A., I, 378 Redfern, John A.. II. 544 ; III, 1032 Redman, Rufus H., III, 1134 . Reed, H. P., I, 427 Reed, Robert, I, 88, 120 Reese, A. E., I, 490 Reifsteck, G. F., I, 324

Reis, E. D., II, 577 Reis, George L., I, 314 Relf, Richard, I, 56, 94, 97, 112, 114 Religious observances, Indian (1830), I,

53 Remington, Clarence A., III, 1138 Renstrom, Oliver, I, 310i II, $78 Republic Iron and Steel Company, I,

415, 453, 468; II, 579, 580, 585, 709 Rhodes Mining Company, I, 468, 477; II,

546 Rice, Aueiss, I, 140 Rice, C. M., I, 324 Rice, Daniel, I, 208 Rice, Edmund, I. 72 Rice, E. H., I, 133 Rice, Henry M., I, 60, 68, 69, 72, 93,

101, 103, 105, 135 Rice, John, I, 376, 378, 724 Rice, Orrin W., I, 73, 77, 97, 114, 123,

125, 132 Rice Lake Township, II, 672 Rice's Point (illustration), I, 102; 105,

140, 237 Rich, C. E., I, 359 Rich, John M., I, 252 Rich, R. J., III, 1206 Richards, John C., III, 1177 Richardson, Frederick A., II, 754 Richardson, J. Bruce, I, 455 Richardson, William, I. 153 Richie, Thompson, I, 116 Rikala, Sam, I, 428 Rickard, Samuel, II, 820 Rickart, J. A., I, 490 Riley, N. P., I, 443 Riot of 1889, I, 269, 270 Ritchie, R. M., III. 1107 Ritchier, C. J., I, 486 Riverside shipbuilding plant, I, 292 Robb, James A., I, 437. 456 ; III, 1155 Robb, M. M., II, 767 Robbins, Aaron B., I. 113,. 133 Robbins, N. B., I, 113 Robbins, W. D., I, 132 Roberts, Harry, I, 453, 468, 496; II, 584 Roberts, T. H.. I, 391 Roberts (Atlas) Mine, I, 453 Roberts Mining Company, I. 453 Robertson, D. A.. I, 67, 68, 69, 71, 72, 73,

87 Robie, Jack E., I, 381 Robillard, A. J., III, 1079 Robinson. A. C., I, 276 Robinson, George 0., H, 511 Robinson, Henry A.. III, 1236 Robinson, J. M., I, 452 Robinson, M. Bliss, III. 973 Rockefeller; Franklin, I, 369, 403; II,

579, 580 Rockefeller, John D., I. 401, 402, 403,

404, 406, 412; II, 513, 548, 552, 579, 580, 727, 728

Rockefeller-Carnegie agreement, I. 409 Rockwell. A., I, 277 Roe, D. H.. I, 279 Rogers, C. Y.. I, 359 Rogers, H. T.. I. 455

INDEX

Rogers, W. H., I, 445 Rogers, W. K, I, 417 Ronkainen, Andrew, I, 428 Rood, D. C., II, 545, 556, 563, 564 Rood Hospital, Hibbing, II, 564 Roosevelt, Theodore, Grade School,

Chisholm, I, 509 Roosevelt School, Virginia, II, 605 Roosevelt Township, II, 710 Root, J. M., I, 296, 467 Rose, Hugh, I, 359 Rose, James F., III, 1239 Rosendahl, Martin, III, 939 Roskilly, Joseph, II, 585 Ross, F. R., I, 428 Rothman, Joseph A., II, 925 Rouchleau, Louis, I, 468; II, 515, 582 Rouchleau-Ray Iron Land Company, II,

582 Rouchleau-Ray Mine, II, 583 Roussain, Francis, I, 49, 56. 131 Rowe, C. P., I, 324 Rowe, Thomas J., III, 1137 Rowe, William N., III, 1137 Roy, Vincent, I, 45 Rubey, J. R., I, 386 Ruddy Mine, I, 453 Runquist, John, III, 944 Rural schools, I, 335 Russell, M. C., I, 229 Rust, Ezra, II, 541, 544 Rutherford, Fermanah P., III, 1161 Ryan, James H., II, 914 Ryan Boiler and Welding Company, I,

317 Ryder, Frederick, I, 113, 117, 133 Ryder, William J., III, 1036

Saari, J. S., II, 527 Sage, L. B., I, 281 Salisbury, Frank, I, 163 Salmi Township, II, 735 Sall/linen. Mike, III, 1034 Salsich, LeRoy, III, 1002 Salter, Charles C., I, 211, 298, 307 Salter School, Duluth, I, 337 Salyards, Henry F., II, 740 Samuelson, John E., III, 1073 Samuelson, Margaret E., III, 1074 Sanborn, John B., II, 613 Sandberg, Emil T., I, 489 ; II, 904 Sandell, Andrew, I, 360 Santee, A. M., III, 1054 Sapero, Simon, III, 1017 Sargent, George B., I, 65, 173. 174, 184,

185, 187. 207, 227 Sargent. William C., I, 65, 185, 282, 311 ;

III, 990 Sargent Lake, I; 141 Sargent Land Company, I, 485; II, 570 Sartori. Anthony, III, 1040 Saunders, E. N., I, 201, 318 Saunders, 0. W., I, 374 Sauntry property, II, 584 Savanna (Halden) Township, II, 692 -Savoy Mine, I, 369 Sawbridge, John, I, 375 Sawyer, Andrew J., I, 186, 251. 254, 255

Saxton, I, 92, 113 Saxton, Charles K., I, 305 Saxton, Commodore H., I, 113, 164, 166, Saxton, Horace, I, 106, 167, 305 Scarlet fever (1859-60), I, 143 Schaack, Lee, I, 88 Schaefer, Francis J., I, 20 Schaefer, Peter, I, 381; sketch of, 387;

389; II, 920 Schailby, J. G., I, 338 Schell, Herbert, II, 879 Schiffrer, J. E., II, 847 Schirmer, Adam M., III, 1055 Schley Mine, I, 468 Schmied, Emil, I, 296 Schoolcraft's party (1832), I, 50 School Districts (see Independent

School Districts), No. 9, II, 672; No. 12 (Ely), 712; No. 13, I, 490, 494; No. 22, II, 589; No. 24, I, 442 ; No. 33, II, 662; No. 41, 670; No. 74, 685; No. 81, 683

Schoweiler, Leroy, I, 490 Schubmehl, Geo. W., I, 490 Schultz, Alex., I, 226 Schultz, Charles, I, 480 Schulze, Ernest A., II, 747 Schulze, William J., II, 788 Schuster, Carl H., 11,931 Schutte, F. M., I, 307 Scott, B. W.. II, 584 Scott, John, I, 92, 122, 359; II, 587 Scott, Quincy A., I, 239 Scott, Seth, I. 378 Scott, Z. D., I, 274 Scranton Mine, IL 546 Sebastopol, I, 140 Section 17 Mine, I, 478 Second Company Sharpshooters, Civil

War, II, 615 Second Minnesota Infantry, Civil War,

II, 612 Security Bank, Duluth, I, 308 Security State Bank of Hibbing, II, 564 Sedgwick, H. A., I, 324 Seeley, H. G.. I, 436 Segog, John F., III, 983 Seip, Albert N., I, 199, 220, 223, 249. 307 Seip, Annie C., I, 307 Selby, Henry, I, 242 , Selby, J, W., I, 111 Seiko, Nick, I. 391 Sellers, Daniel, I, 444 Sellers, John M., II, 728 Sellers Mine, II, 542, 553, 728 Sellers Ore Company, II, 543 Sellers Townsite Mine, II, 543 Sellwood, Joseph, I, 309, 367, 387, 451,

477, 496 Sellwood. R. M., I. 309, 387, 486 Selsby, Henry, I, 200 Senior High School (Eveleth), II. 536 Seraphine, J. P., I, 391 Seraphine, Lena, I, 391 Seventh Minnesota Infantry. Civil War,

II, 613 • Sever, L. F., I, 490 Severson. George, I, 428 Seville, James, I, 264

xxxii INDEX

Seville Mine, Kinney, in 1908 (illustra- tion), I, 476; 478, 479

.Sexton, Thomas, I, 305 Shackers' Union, Hibbing, II, 553, 555 Shambeau, John, III, 946 Shanahan, M., I, 270 Shanedling, Julius, II, 898 Shanedling, Morris, II, 899 Sharky, M., I, 359 Sharon Mine, I, 476, 478 Sharon Ore Company, I, 471, 473, 477 Sharp, Alex., I, 298 Shaver, John B., II, 720 Shaw, Albert W, I, 475 ; III, 1001 Shaw, Daniel, I, 113, 132 Shaw, J. K., I, 273 Shaw, Henry W., I, 305 Shaw, P. M., Jr., II, 905 Shaw Mine, II, 584 Shaw's Hospital, Buhl, I, 475 Shawmut Iron Company, I, 365 Shean, John P., I, 459 Sheehy, Gertrude; I, 481 Sheehy, John M., III, 1130 Sheet Metal Products Company, I, 316 Sheldon, Samuel B., I, 314 Shenango Furnace Company, I, 415, 478,

497; II, 548 Shenango Ore Company, II, 548 Shenango properties, I, 497 Shephard, Amos, II, 547 Shenhard, S. B., II, 880 Shephard, William N., I, 375. 378, 380 Sher, Phillip, II, 759 Sheridan, A. A., I, 391 Sheridan, James, I, 391. 467; II, 549, 581 Sherman, Harry S., III, 1135 Sherman, W. T.. visits head of lakes,

I, 154, 162 Sheryah, Jacob, I, 489 Shields, James, I, 135 Shields, J. E., I, 199 Shipbuilding industries of Duluth, I,

289-92 Shipman. Charles G.. I, 383, 385 Shiras Mine, I, 478 Shito, Mike, 391 Shoenberger, George K., I, 237 Shoenberger, John H., I. 237 Short, Thomas. II, 511, 515, 517 Shur, H. C., II, 677 Shuster, Max, I, 461 Sibley, Henry H., I, 68, 135 Sibley, Hiram, I, 369 Sibley Mine, I, 369 Sicard, L. G., II, 564 Sickels, F. H., III, 941 Siegel, John, I, 458 Silberstein, Bernard, I, 234 Silberstein. Edward A., I, 298 Silliman, Arthur P., III, 1042 Silverman, Lazarus, II, 705 Simar, II. 726 Simmons, Francis T.. I, 273 Simpson, James, I, 55 Simonds, A. G., I, 200 Simonds, 0. H., I, 254. 278, 280 Simonich. George, I, 489 Simons, Leighton R., III, 1058

Simonson, Lewis A., II, 796 Sixth Minnesota Infantry, Civil War,

II, 613 Skalla, Jake, I, 391 Skalla, Joseph, Jr., I, 391 Skalla, Joseph, Sr., I, 391 Skogland, Alfred, I, 391 Slabodnik, Leonard, I, 389 Slattery, Patrick, II, 552 Slattery, Thomas A., I, 391 Slaughter, Robert F., I, 64, 73, 80 Slavonic Catholic Union, Ely, I, 389 Slayton, L. T., I, 305 Sletton, Carl, I, 391 Sletton, H., I, 391 Sletton, Louis, I, 385 Sletton, Walter, I, 391 Slocum Chemical Company, I, 317 Sluter, George, I, 208 Smalley, E. V., I, 241 Smallwood, W. H., II, 679 Smith, Ansel, I, 167, 168, 200 Smith, Archie, II, 679 Smith, Austin, I, 133 Smith, C. A., II, 566 Smith, C. C., I, 475 Smith, E. S., II, 593 Smith, Fred W., I, 184, 186 Smith, George, II, 533 Smith, George M., I, 305 Smith, Henry, I, 112 Smith, Henry A., I. 280 Smith, Henry F., I, 276 Smith, James L., I, 207 Smith, John, I, 160, 305 Smith, J. L., I, 203 Smith, Mrs. J. L., I, 115 Smith, Robert, I, 216 Smith, S. L., I, 277 Smith, Vespasian, I, 245 Smith, Walter J., I, 456; II, 526 Smithville School, Duluth, I, 337 Smuk, Joseph, I, 391 Smuk, Matt, I, 435 Snively, S. F., I, 303 Snyder, A. L., I, 324 Soldiers of the Range, World's War

(illustration), II, 628 Solway Township, I, 72 Somrock, John, I. 391 Soudan, I, 361, 370, 371, 372, 381 Soudan District, first blast in, I, 353 Soudan Mines, I, 364 Soudan Public School (illustration), I,

371 Soudan shaft and powerhouse (illustra-

tion), II, 672 South Chandler Mine, I, 369 Southerworth, W., I, 111 Southside School. Virginia, H, 605 Sovde, J. C., I, 378 Sovde, Ole C.. II, 919 Spanish-American War, II, 622, 626;

Camp Ramsey, 622; Thirteenth Min- nesota Infantry, 622; Twelfth Minne- sota Infantry, 622; Fifteenth Minne- sota Infantry, 623; Fourteenth Minne-• sota Infantry, 623; John G. McEwen Camp, Duluth, 624; Major Wilkinson

INDEX xxxiii

Camp, Chisholm, 624; roster of rec-ords of United Spanish War Veter-ans, 624

Sparta Iron Company, I, 468 Sparta Mine, I, 468 Sparta Village, I, 455, 456, 457 Spaulding: town site of, I, 382 Spaulding, Henry M., I, 298 Spaulding, I. C., I, 191, 210 Spaulding, W. W., I, 45, 61, 62,-120, 162,

191, 200, 225, 226, 237, 238, 251, 317, 350. 361, 394

Spaulding Hotel, I, 268 "Speedwell" (Hudson Bay Company

vessel), I, 321 Spence, H., I, 437 Spencer, George, I, 204, 212, 254; II, 790 Spencer. George H., II, 791 Spencer, Herbert R., II, 870 Spensley, W. R., I, 427 Spina Village. II, 690 Spirit Lake (Ironton), I, 279 Spring Mine, II, 706 Spruce Mine, I, 415 (illustration), II,

518, 522, 523 Spruce School, Eveleth, II, 535 Spurbeck, L. E., I, 443 St. Clair, A. G., I, 452 St. Clair, George, II, 513 St. Clair, G. A., I, 451, 468 ; II, 706 St. Croix & Lake Superior Railroad,

85, 164 St. James Mine, I, 486 ; 1I, 737 St. Joseph's Catholic Church, Chisholm,

II, 846 St. Lawrence River Deep-Water Proj-

ect, I, 319 St. Louis County (Ely's diary), I, 52,

100; organization of, 104; first town-ships in, 145; farms in 1910 and 1920.

. 179; lumber interests of, 180: value property, 1860 and 1919, 333 ; schools of (1856-1920), 335; first survey of, 340 ; assessed valuation, 1877, 1919. II, 661; incorporated places and tax levy, 1919. 678; military and war record of. 608-658; unorganized spaces, 659-661 ; organized townships. 661-738; town-ships of, in 1873, 706

St. Louis Falls, I. 131 St. Louis Hotel fire, 1, 294 St. Louis River (16,70), T, 38 ; illustra-

tion, 12, 60 St. Louis River District. I, 461 St. Louis River Water Power Company,

I. 299 St. Louis Township, II, 669, 724. 725 St. Luke's Hospital, Duluth, I. 325 St. Marie, E. A.. I, 391 St. Mary's Hospital, Duluth, I, 326 St. Paul and Duluth Railroad Company.

I. 271 St. Paul and Pacific Coal and Iron Com-

pany, T. 318 St. Thomas's School. I, 339 St. Vincent, Albert, III, 1027 St. Vincent, Frank. I. 371 Staff, Alfred. II. 800

Stage routes, I, 155 Standard Oil Company Depot, I, 264 Standard Ore Company, I, 449 Stannard, Lucius, I, 362 Stanton, E. B., I, 359 Star (Eveleth), II, 531 Starc, John, I, 435 Starkweather, James A., III, 946 State Banks: Aurora, I, 490; Biwabik,

441; Chisholm, 507; Virginia, II, 597 State Normal School, I, 338 State Road, construction of (1868-69),

I, 346 Stayer, John F., II, 794 Steam shovel operations, Mesabi Iron

Range, I, 448 Stearns, Judson M., III, 1215 Stearns, 0. P., I, 217, 245, 247, 249, 251,

267 Stebbins, Stella, I, 427; III, 1154 Steh, Victor, I, 458 Stein, Charles F., I, 499 Stephens Mine, I, 486; II, 737 Sterk, Mike, I, 391 Stevens, A. H., II, 552 Stevens, Edward W.. II. 914 Stevenson, F. P., III, 1101 Stevenson Iron Mining Company, II,

547 Stevenson Mine, I, 415; II, 547 Stewart. C. A., I. 280 Stewart, John I, 80, 88, 113, 428 Stewart, M. I., III, 1117 Stewart Taylor Company. III, 1117 Stocker (Mrs.) S. M.. I, 284 Stocking, D. W., I. 319 Stickney, James. II. 869 Stinson. James, I, 72, 88 Stone, George C.. I. 184, 185, 187, 190,

200. 227, 318, 350, 351, 354, 355, 359, 360, 363, 365, 393

Stone, William R.. I, 201, 242, 324 Stone-Ordean-Wells Company, I, 324 Stope mining on the Mesabi Range

twenty years ago (illustration), I, 448 Stowe School. Duluth. I. 337 Strachan, B. 0., I. 367. 387 Strain. S. M.. I, 310 , Strayer. G. W.. I. 257 Stull, George, I, 123 Stuntz, A. C.. I. 88 • Stuntz, George R.. I, 2, 45. 64. 65, 66, 67,

68. 71. 72. 73. 75, 80, 83, 88. 92: closes trading post on Minnesota Point. 93. 95, 100, 106. 112. 125; review of pioneer railroad enterprises, 164. 173, 197, 244. 305. 306. 344. 346. 347. 350. 351. 352, death of, 354: 360, 373, 444;

665. 726, 727 Stuntz Township, II, 538, 697, 726. 728,

729. 731. 732 Sturgeon Lake. II. 710 Sturgeon Township. II, 710, 733 Suffel, W. J., III. 985 Sullivan. Andrew T.. I. 468: III. 1039 Sullivan, Patrick, I. 423 Sundness, Odin A.. III. 1019

xxxiv INDEX

Superior, I, 56; 1854, 59; first settler of, 64; surveyed (1852), 65; founding of (1853), 67; in 1854 (Hiram Hayes), 83, 84, 85; census of 1853, 87; first white natives, 88; in 1855-57, 111, 135, 167

Superior Chronicle, first newspaper (1855), I, 89, 115, 125

Superior County, I, 100, 101 Superior Hotel, I, 81, 82 Superior National Forest, I, 390 Superior Street, Duluth (illustrations),

I, 172, 178 Susquehanna Mine, II, 547 Sutphin, John B., I, 263, 265, 271, 303 Svode, 0. C., I, 379 Swanson, Pete, I, 391 Swanstrom, A. F., I, 277 Swanstrom, Emanuel A., III, 1046 Swanstrom, Otto, II, 786 Swart, W. G., II, 664 Sweeney, E. F., II, 547 Sweeney Mine, IL 547 Sweet, Benjamin, I, 95 Sweet, Charles E.. I, 200 Sweet. M. M., I, -458 Swordling, Andrew, I, 296 Sylvester, E. A., I, 226 Syme, Alger R., III, 1061 Syracuse Mine, I, 452 Syracuse Reserve. I, 486 Syvoisan, C., I, 359

Takkunen, Victor, I, 391 Talboys, Frederick C., II, 533, 823 Talboys, W. E., I, 507 Tallow. A. J., II, 584 Talmadge, Josiah, I, 112 Tannehill, S., I, 252 Tappan, William M., III, 1003 Taussig, R. A., I, 296 Taylor, E. A., I, 433 Taylor, R. J., II, 521 Taylor, Thomas A., I, 120, 138 Technical High School, Virginia, II,

605, 606 Telephone comes to Duluth, I, 257 Temple Opera House, Duluth, I, 284 Tener, George T., II, 577 Tenney, Luman H., I, 211 Tenth Minnesota Infantry, Civil War,

II, 614 Terry, M. E., I, 270 Tesora Mining Company, II, 545, 585 Tetzlaff, Hermann, I, 499 Third Liberty Loan Campaign, World's

War, II, 629 Third Minnesota Infantry, Civil War,

II, 612 Third Minnesota Infantry, World's

War, II. 627 Third Minnesota National Guard,

World's War, II, 627 Thirteenth Minnesota Infantry, Spanish-

American War, II, 622 Thomas, A. J., I, 383, 389, 391 Thomas, Francis, I, 391 Thomas, Harry, I, 499

Thomas, Joseph, I, 391 Thomas, Minor T., II, 614 Thomas, Will A., II, 566 Thompson, Anders, I, 277 Thompson, Benjamin, I, 84 Thompson, David, I, 43 Thompson, Jacob, I, 80 Thompson, James, I, 382, 383 Thompson, Samuel J., I, 201, 203 Thomson, first railroad reaches, I, 234 Thomson, A. D., I, 401, 402 Thouin, Gonzague L., III, 1024 Tibbetts, K. K., I, 465 Tillinghast, Edmund S., II, 546; III,

1138 Toben, William C., III, 958 Tod, John, I, 447 Tod-Stambaugh Company, I, 415, 447,

477, 497 Toivola Township, II. 695, 733 Tomatz, John, I, 435 Tomlinson Company, I, 319 Tompkins, J. A., I, 359 Tonti, Alphonse de, I. 22 Tonti,.. Henri de, I, 22 Tower, I, 180, 361, 370, 371, 373 ; first

town laid out north of Duluth, 374; established as a village, 375 ; a rail- way terminus, 376; a city, 378; Mc- Kinley memorial in, 379; school his- tory of, 380

Tower, Charlemagne, I, 355, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 371, 393, 394, 412

Tower Commercial Club, I, 381 Tower Lumber Company, I, 378 Tower Weekly News, I, 381 Towne, Edward P., III, 1083 Train, George L., I, 507; II, 876 Tramontin, Clement M., III, 992 Transportation problems (1849), I, 105 Trask, George K., III, 1031 Treaties, Indian (1825-54), I, 57; Fond

du Lac (1826), 47; LaPointe, 392 Trengove, Charles, III, 1173 Tresider. John H., III, 996 Trevarthen, Richard. III, 1221 Trewhella. Martin, III, 1117 Trezona. Charles, I, 365, 367, 369, 385;

III, 1206 Trezona, Richard R., I. 468; II, 515 Tribune, Duluth, I, 228 Trimble, A. J., I, 49,6; II. 541, 551 Trolander, F. A., II, 662 Tronther Township, II, 719 Truelsen, Henry, I, 176, 244, 303 Tucker. William A., I, 301 Tufander, W. A.. I, 378 Tullberg, E.. I„378 Tunnev, L. H., I, 204 Turrish, Henry, II, 740 Tweed, George P., III, 1126 Twelfth Minnesota Infantry, Spanish

American War, II, 622 Twin Ports Brass Foundry and Machine

Company, I, 316 Twitchell. J. F., II. 553, 556, 573 Two Harbors, I, 258 Typhoid fever epidemic (1888), I, 270

INDEX XXX V

Ulrich, William F., III, 1097 United States Steel Corporation, I, 405 Union Improvement and Elevator Com-

pany, I, 193 Union Match Company, I, 317 Union Mine, II, 580 Union National Bank, I, 261 United States Steel Corporation, I, 410,

411, 412, 413 ; Minnesota's largest tax- payer, 414, 497; II, 542, 548 •

Universal Portland Cement Company plant, I, 314, 317 4

Upham, J. H., I, 271 Upper lake region, Jesuit map (1676-71),

(illustration), I, 6 Upper Mississippi discovered, I. 7 Utica Mine, II, 547

Vail, P. R., I, 385, 386 Vanavay, L., I, 359 Van Brunt, Walter, I, 121, 123, 148, 189,

200, 205, 224, 226, 237, 254, 257, 264, 296, 307, 322; III, 1241

Van Buren Township, II, 734 Van Buskirk, Anthony J., III, 1168 Van Buskirk, Marvin, II, 513, 515, 518,

519 Van Buskirk, Marvin V., III, 1167 Van Cleve, H. P., II, 612 Vanderbilt, Fred W., I, 279 Vanduzee, H. C„ II, 623 Van Gorder, H. R., I, 481 Van Pelt, C. M., I, 424 Van Slyke, William R., III, 1170 Van Tassel, W. E., I, 60 Van Vick, Peter J., II, 812 Vaughan, James P., I, 509 ; III, 1048 Veale, John W., I, 125 Vealeburg, I, 125 Vega Mine, II, 513, 706 Vermilion Boat and Outing Company,

I, 379 Vermilion County, pioneers of. I, 391 Vermilion Falls Gold Mining Company,

I, 348 Vermilion gold and iron region, I, 179 Vermilion Iron Journal, I, 381, 432, 449;

II, 580 Vermilion iron ore, discoveries of, I,

351; first year's shipments, I, 363 ; Lee and Soudan mines, I, 364

Vermilion Iron and Steel Company, I, 365

Vermilion Lake: Center of Indian trade, 340, 348; II, 672

Vermilion Lake Township, II, 734 Vermilion mining, I, 343 Vermilion Range, I, 182, 242, 250, 258,

340, 394, 415 ; II, 671 Vermilion Township, II, 735 Vermilion Trail (1866), I, 345, 346 Vernam, W. D., II, 541 Vertin, Frank, I, 458 Vickers, Joseph T., II, 900 Victoria Mine, II, 580 Villa Sancta Scholastica, Kenwood, I,

339

Virginia, Carnegie Public Library and Fire Department, II, 601; district, 574; churches of, 594; in 1892 and 1920, 585, 586, 587, 588, 589; incorporated as village, 587; second razing of, June 7, 1900 (illustration), II, 592; its lumber industry, II, 594; 1900 fire and two years after (illustration), II, 596; adopts municipal ownership, 598; banks of, 597, 598; City Hall (also illustration), 599; sewage plant and parks, 599; courthouse (illustration), 600; District Court House, 601; newspapers of, 602; population, 1892, 1900, 1910, 1920,.602; war record, II, 602

Virginia Detention Hospital, II, 603 Virginia Electric Power and Water

Company, II, 598 Virginia enterprise, II, 602 Virginia Fire Department Relief Asso-

ciation, II, 590 Virginia Group of Mines, II, 513; ship-

ments in 1919, 585 Virginia Hospital, II, 602 Virginia Improvement Company, II,

586 Virginia Light and Water Company, II,

587, 598 Virginia Lumber Company, II, 594 Virginia Silver Mine, II, 738 Virginia Technical High School (illus-

tration), II, 605 Virginia and Rainy Lake Lumber Com-

pany, II, 594, 699 Vivian, George H., I, 336, 391 Vivian Mine, II, 706 Voorhees, J. V., II, 537 Voss, Fred J., I, 265

Waasa Township, II, 680, 735 Wabigan Mines, I. 477, 478 Wacoutah Mine, II, 716 Wade Mine, I, 478 Walker, Charles, I, 427 Walker, J. 0., II, 556 Walker, J. W., I, 324 Walker, Robert J., I. 67 Walker, T. B., II, 539 Walker (Jamar) Company, I, 316 Wall, Peter, III, 1044 Wallace, George W., II, 584 Wallace, Richard, I, 391 Wallbank, S. S., I, 236 Wallinder, E. G., II, 764 Wallness, John, I, 74 Walsh, Robert J., I, 67 Walsh, Stephen, I, 125 Walsh, Thomas J., I, 360, 365; III, 1065 Wanless Mine, I, 478 War Record, Hibbing, II, 567; Virginia,

602 Ward, W. W., I, 2, 65 Ware, H. A., I, 308, 378 Warner, A. L., I, 453 Warren, George H., II, 545 Warren, Truman, I, 65 Washburn, J. L., I, 309 Washburn School, Duluth, I, 337

xxxvi INDEX

Washington Junior High School, III, 1053

Washington School, Chisholm, I, 509 Washington School, Duluth, I, 337 Wasson, Otis, II, 584 Watilo, Andrew, Jr., I, 386 Watrous, I, 65, 93 Watrous, John S., I, 56, 97, 135 Wattlla, Andrew, Jr., I, 391 Wearne, William, II, 545 Weaver, Roger M., II, 629 Webb, Carlton A., I, 430; III, 1162 Webb, Francis J., II, 580 Webb, H., I, 208 Webb, H. Walter, I, 279 Webb, Richard, III, 1220 Webb, Walter M., III, 1142 Webb, W. Seward, I, 279 Webb Mine, II, 548 Webber, Frank R., I, 280; II, 540 Weber, William W., I, 426. 428, 475;

III, 1163 Webster, C. H., II, 522 Webster School, Duluth, I, 337 Weed, Joe, I, 391 Weed Mine, I, 486 Weekly Minnesotian, Duluth, I, 228 Weenaas, A., I, 214 Welch, C. 0., I, 458 Welles, George W., II, 832 Wellner, Gustave A., III, 1006 Wells, Guy, I, 267 Weiland, H. P., I, 361 Weimer, John B., I, 450; II, 581, 584 Weingast, Jacob, II, 676 Weinsierl, A., I, 378 Wendlandt, Otto J., II, 758 Weinzierl, Mike, I, 385 Weirick, Howard R., II. 917 Weiss, Anton C., II, 842 Wenstrum, Toivo, I, 391 Wertin, John J. E., III, 1184 West, C. F., I, 282 West Duluth Blast Furnace Company,

I, 315 West Duluth in 1855, I, 97, 113. 276. 282 West Duluth Incline Railway. I, 277 \Vest Duluth Knitting Mills, I, 317 West Duluth Land Company, I, 278, 279 West Mesabi Mine, I, 497 West Virginia School, I, 430 Westaway, Philip, I, 267 Westbrook, Philip F., III, 1107 Westenholm, J. D., I, 279 Western Bank, Duluth, I, 308 Western Duluth (Fond du Lac), I, 140 Western Land Association, I, 63 Wetmore, Charles W., I, 401, 402, 403,

405 Wheeler, George E., I, 305, 352. 359, 373 Wheeler, Henry W., I, 94, 111, 132, 146,

305, 306 Wheeler, Julia A., I. 148 Wheeler, J. J., I. 445 Wheeler, Martyn, I, 305 Wheeler, 0. D., I, 197 Wheeler, T. H., I, 376. 378. 391 Wheeler, W. H., I, 95 Whelan, John. I, 359

Whipple, H. P., I, 240 Whipple, John, I, 122 Whipple, W. J., I, 307 White, E. R. & Company, I, 424 White, Harry E., II, 897 White, Lewis J., I. 387; II, 887 White, L. H., I, 60 White, William, I, 453; II, 580, 863 White, W. C., I, 279 White Face River, II, 702, 734 White pine mill, largest in the world,

I, 304 White Township, II, 736 Whiteman, Alonzo J., II,. 581 Whiteside, Richard, I, 391 Whiteside. Robert B., I, 362, 365, 369,

382, 385, 477; II, 761 Whiteside, Robert J., III, 935 Whiteside Mine, I, 478 Whitesides, William, I. 100, 120 \Vhitford, Robert, I, 359 Whitman, George A., I, 378 ; III, 1218 Whitney, 0. 0., III, 1202 Whitten. Thomas S., II, 594 Whittlesey, F. R., I, 450 Whitmore, B. F., I, 133 Whitmore, J. T., I, 133 Whittaker, Frank, I, 88 Whittaker, Fred. I, 84 Wickman, Carl E., III, 1059 Wicks, Henry, I, 391 • Wieland, Albert, I, 305 Wieland, Christian, I, 122 Wieland, Ernest, I, 305 Wieland, Henry, I, 305 Wieland, Henry P.. I. 305 Wildes, Frank A.. I. 415; III, 954 Wilkins, Alex., II, 614 Willard, John A., I, 279 Willard, Paul D., III. 1209 Williams, George I., II, 836 Williams, G. D., I, 60 Williams, John M.. I, 444, 445 Williams, Thomas III, 1236 Williams, William D., I, 362 ; II, 772 Williams North Cincinnati Mine, I, 450 Willow Valley Township, II, 700, 737 Wills, Mrs. William, II, 556 Wills Mine, I, 454 Wilson, Alonzo, II, 610 Wilson, Arthur 0., III, 1031 Wilson, A. E., II. 547 Wilson. Charles M., I, 252 Wilson, Charles Z., III, 949 Wilson, Ella, I. 389 Wilson, James S.. I, 116 Wilson, John, I. 80

-Wilson, Joseph C., I. 99 Wilson, Joseph G., I, 95, 114, 115, 116,

118 Wilson, Thomas H., I, 447 Wilson School, Kinney, I, 483 Winchell. Horace V., I, 363, 447; II,

513, 582 Winchell, N. H., I, 354, 393 Winifred Iron Mining Company, II, 545 Winter of 1855-56. I. 109 1AT;nter of 1862-63. I. 161 Winters, Charles, I; 274

INDEX xxxvii

Winton Village, II, 711 Wise, John C., I, 125 Wisstar Mine, I, 454 .Wisstar Mining Company, I, 454 Witte, Frederick C., II, 850 Wivell, Thomas, II, 830 Wolf, Conrad B., III, 1104 Wollin, Charles, I, 455 Wood, John E., I, 211 Woodbridge, Dwight E., II, 664 Woodbridge, William S., I, 211, 212, 244,

246, 298 Woodbridge (Mrs.), W. S., I, 298 Woodbridge Mine, I, 478 Woodbridge No. 1 Reserve, I, 478 Woodley, Amos, I, 133 Woodruff, Charles B., III, 1100 Woods, A. P., I, 419 Woolf, John, I, 363 Woolfan, Eli S., III, 1020 World's War : II, 627-658 ; Companies

A, C, and E, Third Minnesota In- fantry, 627; Hospital Unit, Third Minnesota Infantry, 627; Third Min- nesota Infantry, 627; Third Minne- sota National Guard, 627; Minnesota Home Guard, Third Battalion, 629; Third Liberty Loan Campaign, 629; Home welcome and honor list of St. Louis County soldiers, 630

World's War Memorial, Chisholm. I, 504

Wright, Ammi A., II, 727 Wright, William E., I, 132 Wright, W. T., III, 1239

Wright and Davis Syndicate, II, 543, 548, 549

Wright, Davis and Company, II, 727, 728

Wuori Township, II, 737, 738 Wyoming Iron Company, II, 582

Yarrick, E. H., I, 490 Yates Mine, I, 477, 478 Yawkey, Cyrus C., II, 522 Yawkey, W. H., II, 585 Yawkey Mine (illustration), II, 578 Ylen, Adolf, II, 684 Yocum, B. G., I, 276 York Mining Company, I, 478 Young, Leonard, I, 338 ; II, 790 , Young, N. A., II, 751 Young Ladies' Seminary, Duluth, I, 190 Young Men's Christian Association, Du-

luth (1870), I, 214 (illustration), 215; reorganized in Duluth, 264; in Vir- ginia ; II, 595

Zachau, August, I, 68, 87, 88, 305, 345 Zacher, F. C. W., II, 694 Zalk, Louis, III, 1143 Zauft, Emil J., III, 960 Zeller, Frank M., II, 674 Zenith Furnace Company, I, 181 (also

illustration), 315, 317, 319 Zenith Magazine, I, 324 Zenith Mine, I, 369 Zenith Mining Company, I, 369 Zimmerman, Jacob, I, 252 Zimmermann, Walter G., II, 859